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Morovati S, Larijani K, Helalizadeh M, Mohammadkhani LG, Faraji H. Determination of remdesivir in human plasma using (deep eutectic solvent-ionic liquid) ferrofluid microextraction combined with liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1712:464468. [PMID: 37926006 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
A microextraction technique based on ferrofluids was developed for the preconcentration and quantification of Remdesivir in human plasma samples. This method utilized a new type of magnetic colloids created by combining silica-coated magnetic particles with modified ionic liquid and natural hydrophobic deep eutectic solvent as the carrier liquid. The efficiency of the sorption and desorption steps was optimized using a chemometrics approach. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curve exhibited linearity in the concentration range of 0.5 to 500.0 μg L-1, with a limit of detection and quantification of 0.2 and 0.5 μg L-1, respectively. The method precision was evaluated by assessing intra- and interday precision at three different analyte concentrations, yielding values of 8.9% and 16.8%, respectively. Moreover, the method accuracy fell within the range of 90.9% to 107.5%. This proposed method offers a green and environmentally friendly sample preparation technique for conducting pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and therapeutic drug monitoring studies of Remdesivir in biological fluids. Importantly, this technique eliminates the need for external energy sources or the use of dispersive solvents, providing a more efficient and sustainable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Morovati
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Larijani
- Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Helalizadeh
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Medicine Research Center, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, 1587958711, Iran
| | | | - Hakim Faraji
- Laboratorio de Materiales para Análisis Químico (MAT4LL), Departamento de Química, Unidad Departamental de Química Analítica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206, Tenerife, Spain.
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Wu X, Lin Z, Toney E, Clapham MO, Wetzlich SE, Davis JL, Chen Q, Tell LA. Pharmacokinetics, tissue residue depletion, and withdrawal interval estimations of florfenicol in goats following repeated subcutaneous administrations. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 181:114098. [PMID: 37838212 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic commonly used in the U.S. to treat respiratory and enteric infections in goats in an extra-label manner, which requires scientifically based withdrawal intervals (WDIs) for edible tissues. This study aimed to determine the depletion profiles for florfenicol and florfenicol amine in plasma and tissues samples and to estimate WDIs for goats following subcutaneous injection of 40 mg/kg florfenicol, twice, 96 h apart. The samples were collected up to 50 days after the second dose. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using non-compartmental analysis. Three different pharmacostatistical methods with different operational tolerances were used to calculate WDIs. The plasma half-life was 101.80 h for florfenicol and 207.69 h for florfenicol amine after the second dose. Using the FDA tolerance limit method, WDIs were 202 and 101 days, while the EMA maximum residue limit method estimated 179 and 96 days for the respective tissue concentrations to fall below limits of detection (0.12 μg/g for liver and 0.05 μg/g for kidney). This study characterizes plasma pharmacokinetics and tissue depletion profiles of florfenicol and florfenicol amine in goats following subcutaneous injections and reports estimated WDIs for food safety assessment of florfenicol in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Zhoumeng Lin
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Emily Toney
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Maaike O Clapham
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Scott E Wetzlich
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
| | - Jennifer L Davis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
| | - Qiran Chen
- Department of Environmental and Global Health, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
| | - Lisa A Tell
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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Noga M, Zakrzewski M, Wianowska D, Gnatowski M, Paprotny Ł, Jurowski K. Development of innovative methodology for determination of 6-thioguanine in whole blood erythrocytes by HPLC-PDA-based technique for medical diagnostics purposes. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14172. [PMID: 37644112 PMCID: PMC10465597 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41426-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
6-Thioguanine is an immunosuppressive drug, an analogue of guanine, applied to treat acute leukemia and inflammatory bowel disease. Excessive use of 6-thioguanine during clinical treatment may cause side effects. Moreover, providing a dose too low will be ineffective. Therefore, there is a critical need for a rapid, selective and routine approach to quantifying 6-thioguanine in body fluids to support a clinical application. A fully validated HPLC method has been developed to determine 6-thioguanine in whole blood samples using 5-bromouracil as an internal standard. 6-Thioguanine nucleotides were released from erythrocytes by perchloric acid, and then hydrolysed at 100 °C to the parent thiopurine, 6-thioguanine. The following validation parameters of the method were determined: specificity/selectivity, linearity range (479-17,118 ng/mL, R > 0.992), limits of detection (150 ng/mL) and quantification (479 ng/mL), accuracy (- 5.6 < Bias < 14.7), repeatability (CV 1.30-3.24%), intermediate precision (CV 4.19-5.78%), extraction recovery (79.1-103.6%) and carryover. Furthermore, the stability of the drug in whole blood samples under various storage conditions was investigated. The suggested method is suitable for determining 6-thioguanine in whole blood erythrocyte samples for drug level monitoring, thus correct dosing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Noga
- Department of Regulatory and Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Medical Expertises, Ul. Aleksandrowska 67/93, 91-205, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marcin Zakrzewski
- ALAB Laboratories, Research and Development Centre, Ul. Ceramiczna 1, 20-150, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Wianowska
- Department of Chromatographic Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. Maria Curie-Skłodowska 3, 20-031, Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Gnatowski
- ALAB Laboratories, Research and Development Centre, Ul. Ceramiczna 1, 20-150, Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Paprotny
- ALAB Laboratories, Research and Development Centre, Ul. Ceramiczna 1, 20-150, Lublin, Poland
| | - Kamil Jurowski
- Department of Regulatory and Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Medical Expertises, Ul. Aleksandrowska 67/93, 91-205, Lodz, Poland.
- Institute of Medical Studies, MedicalCollege, Rzeszów University, Al. mjrr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959, Rzeszow, Poland.
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Tsikas D. Mass Spectrometry-Based Evaluation of the Bland-Altman Approach: Review, Discussion, and Proposal. Molecules 2023; 28:4905. [PMID: 37446566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Reliable quantification in biological systems of endogenous low- and high-molecular substances, drugs and their metabolites, is of particular importance in diagnosis and therapy, and in basic and clinical research. The analytical characteristics of analytical approaches have many differences, including in core features such as accuracy, precision, specificity, and limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ). Several different mathematic approaches were developed and used for the comparison of two analytical methods applied to the same chemical compound in the same biological sample. Generally, comparisons of results obtained by two analytical methods yields different quantitative results. Yet, which mathematical approach gives the most reliable results? Which mathematical approach is best suited to demonstrate agreement between the methods, or the superiority of an analytical method A over analytical method B? The simplest and most frequently used method of comparison is the linear regression analysis of data observed by method A (y) and the data observed by method B (x): y = α + βx. In 1986, Bland and Altman indicated that linear regression analysis, notably the use of the correlation coefficient, is inappropriate for method-comparison. Instead, Bland and Altman have suggested an alternative approach, which is generally known as the Bland-Altman approach. Originally, this method of comparison was applied in medicine, for instance, to measure blood pressure by two devices. The Bland-Altman approach was rapidly adapted in analytical chemistry and in clinical chemistry. To date, the approach suggested by Bland-Altman approach is one of the most widely used mathematical approaches for method-comparison. With about 37,000 citations, the original paper published in the journal The Lancet in 1986 is among the most frequently cited scientific papers in this area to date. Nevertheless, the Bland-Altman approach has not been really set on a quantitative basis. No criteria have been proposed thus far, in which the Bland-Altman approach can form the basis on which analytical agreement or the better analytical method can be demonstrated. In this article, the Bland-Altman approach is re-valuated from a quantitative bioanalytical perspective, and an attempt is made to propose acceptance criteria. For this purpose, different analytical methods were compared with Gold Standard analytical methods based on mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), i.e., GC-MS, GC-MS/MS, LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. Other chromatographic and non-chromatographic methods were also considered. The results for several different endogenous substances, including nitrate, anandamide, homoarginine, creatinine and malondialdehyde in human plasma, serum and urine are discussed. In addition to the Bland-Altman approach, linear regression analysis and the Oldham-Eksborg method-comparison approaches were used and compared. Special emphasis was given to the relation of difference and mean in the Bland-Altman approach. Currently available guidelines for method validation were also considered. Acceptance criteria for method agreement were proposed, including the slope and correlation coefficient in linear regression, and the coefficient of variation for the percentage difference in the Bland-Altman and Oldham-Eksborg approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Tsikas
- Institute of Toxicology, Core Unit Proteomics, Hannover Medical School, 30623 Hannover, Germany
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Development of radioimmunoassay system for determination of human chorionic gonadotropin in human sera. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-023-08797-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe main objective of this study was the preparation and evaluation of the primary reagents for the liquid phase human chorionic gonadotropin-radioimmunoassay (HCG-RIA) kit. Polyclonal antibody is specific and valid; monoclonal antibodies are more specific. In HCG-RIA technique, polyclonal antibodies for βHCG subunits with high binding and displacement % were used. 125I-HCG radioactive tracer was prepared with high yield 71.58 ± 0.92%, purity 99.2 ± 0.05%, and specific activity 170.42 ± 1.65 µCi/µg using chloramine T method, βHCG polyclonal antisera and HCG standards in assay buffer matrix were locally prepared. In-house HCG-RIA was developed with high sensitivity 0.5 mIU/ml, specificity (99%), precision (CV% < 6.4 and < 8.3 for intra-and inter-assay, respectively), and accuracy (recovery range 96.4–104.3%) could be used for quantitative estimation of HCG in human sera for monitoring pregnancy and diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic diseases.
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Jurowski K, Paprotny Ł, Zakrzewski M, Wianowska D, Kasprzyk-Pochopień J, Herman M, Madej K, Piekoszewski W, Kubrak T. The Development of New Methodology for Determination of Vincristine (VCR) in Human Serum Using LC-MS/MS-Based Method for Medical Diagnostics. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227945. [PMID: 36432046 PMCID: PMC9694046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this article, we have presented the development and validation of a rapid and sensitive reversed-phase liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of vincristine (VCR) in patient serum samples. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a Kinetex® (Singapore) column using a mobile phase consisting of 25 mM acetic acid and 0.3% formic acid (A) and methanol (B) in a gradient elution mode at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The VCR and internal standard (vinblastine) were monitored using the multiple reaction monitoring mode under positive electrospray ionization. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 0.67 ng/mL, and the upper limit of quantification (ULOQ) was 250 ng/mL for VCR. The calculated values of LOD and LOQ for VCR were 0.075 and 0.228 ng/mL, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the VCR concentration range of 1.0−250 ng/mL in serum. The intra- and inter-day precision and precision were within the generally accepted criteria for the bioanalytical method (<15%). The method was successfully applied to the analysis of serum samples in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamil Jurowski
- Laboratory of Innovative Toxicological Research and Analyses, Institute of Medical Studies, Medical College, Rzeszów University, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Regulatory and Forensic Toxicology, Institute of Medical Expertises, Aleksandrowska 67/9, 91-205 Łódź, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz Paprotny
- Research and Development Centre, ALAB Laboratories, Ul. Ceramiczna 1, 20-150 Lublin, Poland
| | - Marcin Zakrzewski
- Research and Development Centre, ALAB Laboratories, Ul. Ceramiczna 1, 20-150 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Wianowska
- Department of Chromatographic Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Pl. Maria Curie-Sklodowska 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kasprzyk-Pochopień
- Laboratory of High Resolution of Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Herman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Madej
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Laboratory of High Resolution of Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, R. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kubrak
- Department of Biochemistry and General Chemistry, Institute of Medical Studies, Medical College, Rzeszów University, Al. mjr. W. Kopisto 2a, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
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Mercier T, Desfontaine V, Cruchon S, Da Silva Pereira Clara J, Briki M, Mazza-Stalder J, Kajkus A, Burger R, Suttels V, Buclin T, Opota O, Koehler N, Sanchez Carballo P, Lange C, André P, Decosterd L, Choong E. A battery of tandem mass spectrometry assays with stable isotope-dilution for the quantification of 15 anti-tuberculosis drugs and two metabolites in patients with susceptible-, multidrug- resistant- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2022; 1211:123456. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2022.123456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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A liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantification of spiramycin and its active metabolite neospiramycin in milk of major and minor species: Validation using the accuracy profile. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1187:123013. [PMID: 34808577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.123013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of residues of spiramycin, a macrolide antibiotic, and its active metabolite neospiramycin in cow's milk as well as in minor species 'milk, goat and ewe. Spiramycin-d3 was used as internal standard for quantification of both analytes. This analytical method was validated using a global accuracy profile as a graphical decision tool built according to the trueness and the precision of the method. A unique and optimal linear model with logarithm transformation (with a determination coefficient of 0.9991) allowed the measurement of both analytes in the milks of the three animal species, in a wide range from 0.2 to 10 times the Maximal Residue Limit (MRL) (40-2000 µg.kg-1). The limits of detection and quantification were 13 µg.kg-1 and 40 µg.kg-1, respectively. The accuracy profile was established to get 80% of future measurements in routine assays that will fall within the acceptance limits. Trueness of the method, expressed as relative bias, was comprised between -1.6% and 5.7% over the whole range of concentrations. The mean relative standard deviation for repeatability and intermediate precision were comprised between 1.1% and 2.7%; 2.5 and 4.2%, respectively, in all levels of concentration for the three milks. Moreover, a two-order polynomial function was used to model the relative expanded uncertainty with a determination coefficient of 0.834. This function aimed to determine the uncertainty of the future quantifications within the validated dosing range. Overall, the global accuracy profile highlighted the reliability of the method for the routine assays of spiramycin and neospiramycin even in milk from minor species (goat, ewe) by using the most accessible milk (often from cow), while guaranteeing a very high proportion of samples within the fixed acceptance limits. The applicability of this method was tested during a depletion study of spiramycin and neospiramycin in the milk of cow, goat and ewe. The developed analytical method will be useful to assess the distribution profile of the antibiotic and its metabolite in milk of minor species where few studies are available.
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Preparation, Characterization, and Pharmacological Investigation of Withaferin-A Loaded Nanosponges for Cancer Therapy; In Vitro, In Vivo and Molecular Docking Studies. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226990. [PMID: 34834081 PMCID: PMC8623412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapidly growing global burden of cancer poses a major challenge to public health and demands a robust approach to access promising anticancer therapeutics. In parallel, nanotechnology approaches with various pharmacological properties offer efficacious clinical outcomes. The use of new artificial variants of nanosponges (NS) as a transporter of chemotherapeutic drugs to target cells has emerged as a very promising tool. Therefore, in this research, ethylcellulose (EC) NS were prepared using the ultrasonication assisted-emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Withaferin-A (WFA), an active ingredient in Withania somnifera, has been implanted into the nanospongic framework with enhanced anticancer properties. Inside the polymeric structure, WFA was efficiently entrapped (85 ± 11%). The drug (WFA) was found to be stable within polymeric nanosponges, as demonstrated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies. The WFA-NS had a diameter of 117 ± 4 nm and zeta potential of −39.02 ± 5.71 mV with a polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.419 ± 0.073. In addition, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the porous surface texture of WFA-NS. In vitro anticancer activity (SRB assay) results showed that WFA–NS exhibited almost twice the anticancer efficacy against MCF-7 cells (IC50 = 1.57 ± 0.091 µM), as quantified by flow cytometry and comet tests. Moreover, fluorescence microscopy with DAPI staining and analysis of DNA fragmentation revealed apoptosis as a mechanism of cancer cell death. The anticancer activity of WFA-NS was further determined in vivo and results were compared to cisplatin. The anticancer activity of WFA-NS was further investigated in vivo, and the data were consistent to those obtained with cisplatin. At Day 10, WFA-NS (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced tumour volume to 72 ± 6%, which was comparable to cisplatin (10 mg/kg), which reduced tumour volume to 78 ± 8%. Finally, the outcomes of molecular modeling (in silico) also suggested that WFA established a stable connection with nanosponges, generating persistent hydrophobic contacts (polar and nonpolar) and helping with the attractive delayed-release features of the formulation. Collectively, all the findings support the use of WFA in nanosponges as a prototype for cancer treatment, and opened up new avenues for increasing the efficacy of natural product-derived medications.
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Ahirwar R. Recent advances in nanomaterials-based electrochemical immunosensors and aptasensors for HER2 assessment in breast cancer. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:317. [PMID: 34476602 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-021-04963-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is one of the key molecular targets in breast cancer pathogenesis. Overexpression and/or amplification of HER2 in approximately 15-20% of breast cancer patients is associated with high mortality and poor prognosis. Accumulating evidence shows that accurate and sensitive detection of HER2 improves the survival outcomes for HER2-positive breast cancer patients from targeted therapies. The current methods of clinical determination of HER2 expression levels are based on slide-based assays that rely on invasively collected primary tumours. Alternatively, ELISA-based detection of the shredded HER2 extracellular domain (HER2-ECD) of has been suggested as a surrogate method for monitoring disease progress and treatment response in breast cancer patients. In the past decade, biosensors have emerged as an alternative modality for the detection of circulating HER2-ECD in human serum samples. In particular, electrochemical biosensors based on nanomaterials and antibodies and aptamers have been increasingly developed as promising tools for rapid, sensitive, and cost-effective detection of HER2-ECD. These biosensors harness the high affinity and specificity of antibodies and aptamers, and unique conductive properties, biocompatibility, large surface area, and chemical stability of nanomaterials for selective and sensitive assessment of the HER2. This review provides an overview of the recent advances in the application of nanomaterials-based immunosensors and aptasensors for detection of circulating HER2-ECD. In particular, various electrochemical techniques, detection approaches, and nanomaterials are discussed. Further, analytical figures of merit of various HER2 immunosensors and aptasensors are compared. Finally, possible challenges and potential opportunities for biosensor-based detection of HER2-ECD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ahirwar
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462030, India.
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Ahirwar R, Khan N, Kumar S. Aptamer-based sensing of breast cancer biomarkers: a comprehensive review of analytical figures of merit. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 21:703-721. [PMID: 33877005 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2021.1920397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Accurate determination of the aberrantly expressed biomarkers such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), mucin 1 (MUC1), and vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF165 have played an essential role in the clinical management of the breast cancer. Assessment of these cancer-specific biomarkers has conventionally relied on time-taking methods like the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemistry. However, recent development in the aptamer-based diagnostics has allowed developing tools that may substitute the conventional means of biomarker assessment in breast cancer. Adopting the aptamer-based diagnostic tools (aptasensors) to clinical practices will depend on their analytical performance on clinical samples. AREAS COVERED In this review, we provide an overview of the analytical merits of HER2, CEA, PDGF, MUC1, and VEGF165 aptasensors. Scopus and Pubmed databases were searched for studies reporting aptasensor development for the listed breast cancer biomarkers in the past one decade. Linearity, detection limit, and response time are emphasized. EXPERT OPINION In our opinion, aptasensors have proven to be on a par with the antibody-based methods for detection of various breast cancer biomarkers. Though robust validation of the aptasensors on significant sample size is required, their ability to detect pathophysiological range of biomarkers suggest the possibility of future clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Ahirwar
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Nabab Khan
- Department of Environmental Biochemistry, ICMR- National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
| | - Saroj Kumar
- School of Biosciences, Apeejay Stya University, Gurgaon, India
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Shrivastava A, Mittal A. A Mini Review on Characteristics and Analytical Methods of Otilonium Bromide. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1717-1725. [PMID: 34039224 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1913983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a world-wide disease prevalently in Western nations. It influences about 15% of the western populace, with a negative effect on the quality of life and furthermore on medical services costs. Anticholinergic antispasmodics are first line of treatment for discomfort or abdominal pain, particularly if unrelieved after alleviation of stoppage or antidiarrheal treatment. Otilonium bromide (OTB) is quaternary ammonium compound with action on distal GI tract as antispasmodic. It is utilized in the treatment of patients influenced by Irritable inside disorder (IBS) because of its particular pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. OTB is poorly absorbed systematically was viable in contrast with different medications used for same purpose, for example, pinaverium bromide and mebeverine, with a good tolerability profile. The effects are long lasting, even after stopping the dosage regime for reduction of abdominal pain. In this review, an overview of mechanism of action, pharmacologic action, synthesis and particularly various analytical and bioanalytical methods are discussed. The analytical methods discussed are spectrophotometry including Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS), chromatography and capillary electrophoresis methods are described with the range, limit of detection and quantification. The paper also provides details of scope of further extension of analytical methods. It was found that most of the analytical methods involves usage of toxic solvents e.g., methanol, acetonitrile, chloroform etc. posing risk to the analyst as well as environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alankar Shrivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Ashu Mittal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, KIET School of Pharmacy, KIET Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, India
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Low Molecular Weight Oligosaccharide from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer against UV-Mediated Apoptosis and Inhibits Tyrosinase Activity In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8879836. [PMID: 33727947 PMCID: PMC7935584 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8879836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To find new anti-UV and whitening agents, 21 fractions isolated from three preparations of ginseng (white, red, and black ginseng) were screened, and their antioxidant effects on AAPH- or H2O2-induced damage were investigated. Furthermore, the protective effect against UV-mediated apoptosis and the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the targeted fractions were evaluated in vitro and in a zebrafish model. Among all fractions, F10 from white ginseng was selected as having the strongest anti-UV and antimelanogenesis activities. This fraction exhibited excellent inhibitory effects on the pigmentation of zebrafish, which may be due to its potential tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Additionally, the chemical composition of F10 was evaluated by UPLC-MS and NMR instruments. The results indicated that F10 had a carbohydrate content of more than 76%, and the weight-average molecular weight was approximately 239 Da. Disaccharide sucrose was the main active compound in F10. These results suggest that F10 could be used as an ingredient for whitening cosmetics and regarded as an anti-UV filter in the future.
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Development and Validation of a Rapid Analytical Method for the Simultaneous Quantification of Metabolic Syndrome Drugs by HPLC-DAD Chromatography. Sci Pharm 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm89010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, 25% of the population suffers from metabolic syndrome (MetS). The treatment of patients with MetS regularly includes drugs prescribed simultaneously to treat several disorders that manifest at the same time, such as hypercholesterolemia, arterial hypertension, and diabetes. To the authors’ best knowledge, there is no previous published analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of drugs used in the treatment of these diseases. In the present study, a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector HPLC-DAD methodology was developed for simultaneous quantification of carvedilol (CVD), telmisartan (TEL), bezafibrate (BZT), gliclazide (GZD), and glimepiride (GMP) in bulk and pharmaceutical form. The chromatographic separation of the five pharmaceuticals was achieved on a Hypersil GOLD C18 Selectivity (5 µm, 150 × 4.60 mm2) using a mobile phase of acetonitrile (50%) and 0.02 M KH2PO4, pH 3 (50%) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min and at 25 °C. The total separation time was 9 min. The analytical method was validated following the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. A reproducible method was obtained with acceptable limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) for CVD (0.012 and 0.035 μg mL−1), TEL (0.103 and 0.313 μg mL−1), BZT (0.025 and 0.076 μg mL−1), GZD (0.039 and 0.117 μg mL−1), and GMP (0.064 and 0.127 μg mL−1). The validated method allowed the determination of these drugs in commercial pharmaceutical products both individually and simultaneously. The present method was found to be suitable for simultaneous quantification of the five drugs that are most commonly used in the simultaneous treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
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Law S, Charbonneau F, Iazzetta J, Perks W, Ma NH, Walker SE. Stability of Generic Formulations of Bortezomib 1.0 and 2.5 mg/mL in Vials and Syringes Stored at 4°C and Room Temperature (23°C or 25°C). Can J Hosp Pharm 2021; 74:57-69. [PMID: 33487656 PMCID: PMC7801334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The availability of generic versions of bortezomib raises questions about the reliability of extrapolating stability data from one brand to another. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the stability of bortezomib formulations available from Janssen, Teva Canada, Actavis Pharma, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Apotex, and MDA, reconstituted with 0.9% sodium chloride (normal saline) to produce solutions of either 1.0 or 2.5 mg/mL and stored over at least 21 days under refrigeration (4°C) or at room temperature (either 23°C or 25°C) in the manufacturer's original glass vials or in polypropylene syringes. METHODS On study day 0, solutions with concentration 1.0 mg/mL or 2.5 mg/mL of the Teva, Actavis, Dr. Reddy's, Apotex, and MDA generic formulations were prepared. Three units of each type of container (glass vials and syringes) were stored at 4°C and 3 units at room temperature. Concentration and physical inspection were completed on at least 8 study days (including day 0) over a 21- to 84-day study period. Bortezomib concentrations were determined by a validated stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method with ultraviolet detection. The end point of these studies was the time to reach 90% of the initial concentration (T-90) with 95% confidence, which is expressed as "T-9095%CI", where CI refers to the confidence interval. In addition to estimating the T-9095%CI, differences in stability among products from all manufacturers were compared using multiple linear regression. Previously published data for the Janssen product were included in the overall comparisons. RESULTS In all of the studies, the analytical method separated degradation products from bortezomib, such that the concentration of bortezomib was measured specifically, accurately (deviations < 2.5%), and reproducibly (average replicate error 2.5%). During all studies, solutions retained more than 94% of the initial concentration at 4°C. The T-9095%CI exceeded the study period for all formulations under all combinations of concentration, container, and temperature, except the 84-day study for the MDA product. Multiple linear regression showed no significant differences among manufacturers (p = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS In this study, formulations of bortezomib currently marketed in Canada (by Janssen, Teva Canada, Actavis Pharma, Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Apotex, and MDA) were pharmaceutically equivalent and interchangeable. Given that there was no difference in stability related to manufacturer, nominal concentration, or container, we conclude that these formulations are physically and chemically stable for at least 35 days under refrigeration and at least 25 days at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Law
- , DipPharmTech, is a Research Assistant in Quality Control in the Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Flay Charbonneau
- , RPh, BSc(Pharm), is the Manager, Pharmacy of the Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario
| | - John Iazzetta
- , PharmD, was, at the time of study execution, the Coordinator of Clinical Trials in the Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario
| | - William Perks
- , RPh, BSc(Pharm), EMBA, is the Manager of Pharmacy Compounding in the Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Nathan H Ma
- , PharmD, ACPR, MSc, is the Clinical Trials Pharmacist in the Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Scott E Walker
- , MScPhm, is a Pharmacist in the Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and a Professor in the Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
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Madej K, Paprotny Ł, Wianowska D, Kasprzyk J, Herman M, Piekoszewski W. A fully validated HPLC-UV method for determination of sulthiame in human serum/plasma samples. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 35:e5002. [PMID: 33058183 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sulthiame is an old antiepileptic medicine with controversial history, whose effectiveness and safety in use have been stated in some current studies. However, there is still a need for further clinical examinations for confirmation of its usefulness and tolerability in monotherapy and add-on therapy for epilepsy of various etiologies. A fully validated RP HPLC-UV method for determination of sulthiame in serum/plasma samples using desethylatrazine as the internal standard was developed. The biological fluid was prepared for analysis by a simple precipitation method with acetonitrile. The following validation parameters of the method were determined: selectivity/specificity, linearity range (0.2-50.0 μl/ml, R2 > 0.9999), limits of detection (0.19 μl/ml) and quantification (0.58 μl/ml), precision (intra-day CV 1.06% and inter-day CV 1.25%), extraction recovery (~100%), accuracy (bias, -4.61-0.80%), carryover and ruggedness. Moreover, the stability of the medicine in plasma samples under different storage conditions was also tested. The usability of the method for clinical examinations was checked by analysis of serum samples originating from 19 patients treated with sulthiame. The proposed method is appropriate for determination of sulthiame in serum/plasma samples for drug monitoring purposes, as well as for pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Madej
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Łukasz Paprotny
- Research and Development Centre, ALAB Laboratories, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Wianowska
- Department of Chromatographic Methods, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Kasprzyk
- Laboratory of High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Herman
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Piekoszewski
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,School of Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russian Federation
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Bioanalysis: waiting for Napoleon? Bioanalysis 2020; 12:649-653. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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18
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Dai YL, Kim EA, Luo HM, Jiang YF, Oh JY, Heo SJ, Jeon YJ. Characterization and anti-tumor activity of saponin-rich fractions of South Korean sea cucumbers ( Apostichopus japonicus). JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 57:2283-2292. [PMID: 32431354 PMCID: PMC7230107 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04266-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the saponin-rich fractions of five individual (two Red and three Black) sea cucumbers (Apostichopus japonicus) in South Korea were investigated for their antiproliferative effect against HL-60, B16F10, MCF-7, and Hep3B tumor cell lines. The red sea cucumber saponin-rich fraction (SSC) from Jeju Island (JRe) decreased the growth of HL-60 with an IC50 value of 23.55 ± 3.40 μg/mL, which represented the strongest anticancer activity among the extracts. Further, SSC downregulated B-cell lymphoma extra-large (Bcl-xL), while upregulating, to different degrees, Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), caspase-9, caspase-3, PARP cleavage, and apoptotic bodies in cancer cells. Evidence for SSC inducing apoptosis via the mitochondria-mediated pathway was found. The contents of SSCs were determined using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry to comparatively evaluate the regional influence. In West Sea, the total SSC content of A. japonicus was 15.5 mg/g, representing the highest content, while A. japonicus in the South Sea yielded the lowest content at 8 mg/g. The major saponin constituent in SSC was identified as Holotoxin A1, which may the anti-tumor compound in A. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lin Dai
- 1Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
- 2Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-A Kim
- 3Jeju Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju, 63349 Republic of Korea
| | - Hao-Ming Luo
- 4School of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117 China
| | - Yun-Fei Jiang
- 2Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Oh
- 2Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Heo
- 3Jeju Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju, 63349 Republic of Korea
| | - You-Jin Jeon
- 2Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243 Republic of Korea
- 5Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63333 Republic of Korea
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Validation and clinical application of a multiplex high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry assay for the monitoring of plasma concentrations of 12 antibiotics in patients with severe bacterial infections. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2020; 1157:122160. [PMID: 32891946 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2020.122160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Unpredictable pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in patients with life-threatening bacterial infections is associated with drug under- or overdosing. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) may guide dosing adjustment aimed at maximizing antibacterial efficacy and minimizing toxicity. Rapid and accurate analytical methods are key for real-time TDM. Our objective was to develop a robust high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (HPLC-MS/MS) for multiplex quantification of plasma concentrations of 12 antibiotics: imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem, cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin, rifampicin, daptomycin. METHODS A single extraction procedure consisting in methanol plasma protein precipitation and H2O dilution was used for all analytes. After chromatographic separation on an Acquity UPLC HSS-T3 2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 µm (Waters®) column, quantification was performed by electro-spray ionisation-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with selected reaction monitoring detection. Antibiotics were divided in two pools of calibration according to the frequency of analyses requests in the hospital routine antibiotic TDM program. Stable isotopically-labelled analogues were used as internal standards. A single analytical run lasted less than 9 min. RESULTS The method was validated based on FDA recommendations, including assessment of extraction yield (96-113.8%), matrix effects, and analytical recovery (86.3-99.6%). The method was sensitive (lower limits of quantification 0.02-0.5 µg/mL), accurate (intra/inter-assay bias -11.3 to +12.7%) and precise (intra/inter-assay CVs 2.1-11.5%) over the clinically relevant plasma concentration ranges (upper limits of quantification 20-160 µg/mL). The application of the TDM assay was illustrated with clinical cases that highlight the impact on patients' management of an analytical assay providing information with short turn-around time on antibiotic plasma concentration. CONCLUSION This simple, robust high-throughput multiplex HPLC-MS/MS assay for simultaneous quantification of plasma concentrations of 12 daily used antibiotics is optimally suited for clinically efficient real-time TDM.
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Olech M, Pietrzak W, Nowak R. Characterization of Free and Bound Phenolic Acids and Flavonoid Aglycones in Rosa rugosa Thunb. Leaves and Achenes Using LC-ESI-MS/MS-MRM Methods. Molecules 2020; 25:E1804. [PMID: 32326454 PMCID: PMC7221549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast and reliable determination of polyphenols is a quite common goal during investigation of new plant materials and herbal products, their standardization, quality control, or chemo-taxonomical studies. The aim of this study was to develop and validate methods based on the application of reversed phase liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) for comprehensive quantitative and qualitative analysis of phenolic acids and flavonoid aglycones. LC-MS/MS-MRM protocols were applied for the determination of free and bound phenolics in a series of plant samples prepared from leaves and achenes (true fruits) of Japanese rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.). The presence of large amount of phenolic compounds was detected in rose leaves (786.44 µg/g and 14.46 µg/g of phenolic acids and flavonoid aglycones, respectively). Isoferulic acid and five aglycones were revealed for the first time in this plant material. Moreover, 15 phenolic acids and six aglycones were found in the rose achenes, including eight phenolic acids and four aglycones that had not been previously reported in this rose organ. It was shown that leaves and achenes may constitute an industrially relevant source of phenolic compounds for potential commercial use in pharmaceutical, food, or cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Olech
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University, 1 Chodźki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (W.P.); (R.N.)
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21
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Karakka Kal AK, Nalakath J, Kunhamu Karatt T, Perwad Z, Mathew B, Subhahar M. Development and validation of a chiral LC-MS method for the enantiomeric resolution of (+) and (-)-medetomidine in equine plasma by using polysaccharide-based chiral stationary phases. Chirality 2020; 32:314-323. [PMID: 31925851 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The detection and separation of medetomidine enantiomers from the complex biological matrices poses a great analytical challenge, especially in the field of forensic toxicology and pharmacology. Couple of researchers reported resolution of medetomidine using protein-based chiral columns, but the reported method is quiet challenging and tedious to be employed for routine analysis. This research paper reported a method that enables the enantio-separation of medetomidine by using polysaccharide cellulose chiral column. The use of chiralcel OJ-3R column was found to have the highest potential for successful chiral resolution. Ammonium hydrogen carbonate was the ideal buffer salt for chiral liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization (ESI)+ mass spectrometry (MS) detection for the successful separation and detection of racemic compound. The method was linear over the range of 0 to 20 ng/mL in equine plasma and the inter-day precisions of levomedetomidine, dexmedetomidine were 1.36% and 1.89%, respectively. The accuracy of levomedetomidine was in the range of 99.25% to 101.57% and that for dexmedetomidine was 99.17% to 100.99%. The limits of quantification for both isomers were 0.2 ng/mL. Recovery and matrix effect on the analytes were also evaluated. Under the optimized conditions, the validated method can be adapted for the identification and resolution of the medetomidine enantiomers in different matrices used for drug testing and analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jahfar Nalakath
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Zubair Perwad
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Binoy Mathew
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Michael Subhahar
- Equine Forensic Unit, Central Veterinary Research Laboratory, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
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Walker SE, Iazzetta J, Law S, Kanji S, Bolduc B, Lamontagne F, Adhikari NKJ. Administration of Intravenous Ascorbic Acid-Practical Considerations for Clinicians. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1994. [PMID: 31450771 PMCID: PMC6769642 DOI: 10.3390/nu11091994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data suggest that intravenous ascorbic acid (AA) may be beneficial in patients with sepsis. Clinicians require data on stability of diluted AA for safe administration. We evaluated the stability of AA diluted in normal saline (NS) or 5% dextrose in water (D5W) solutions over 14 days at 25 °C and at 4 °C, protected from light, using concentrations of 37 mg/mL and 77 mg/mL (Sandoz) and 40 mg/mL and 92 mg/mL (Mylan). We also assessed stability of a 40 mg/mL solution (Mylan) at 25 °C exposed to light for 75 h. Concentrations were measured using liquid chromatographic separation with ultraviolet light detection on days 0, 0.33, 1, 1.33, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10 and 14. By day 14, solutions at 4 °C retained >97.72% of the initial concentration; at 25 °C, solutions retained >88.02% of the initial concentration, but visual changes were evident after day 2. Multiple linear regression demonstrated that study day and temperature (p < 0.001) but not solution type (p = 0.519), concentration (p = 0.677) or manufacturer (p = 0.808) were associated with the percentage remaining. At 75 h, degradation rates were similar in solutions protected from vs. exposed to light. In conclusion, AA solutions are stable for at least 14 days at 4 °C, with protection from light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Walker
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - John Iazzetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Shirley Law
- Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada
| | - Salmaan Kanji
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ottawa Hospital and The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Brigitte Bolduc
- Department of Pharmacy, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - François Lamontagne
- Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke and Centre de Recherche du Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de l'Estrie-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Neill K J Adhikari
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre and Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
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Doi R. Synergistic Effects of Pseudocolor Imaging, Differentiation, and Square and Logarithmic Conversion on Accuracy of Quantification of Chemical Characteristics Using Test Strips and Similar Products. ANAL LETT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1556276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Doi
- Faculty of Social-Human Environmentology, Daito Bunka University, Tokyo, Japan
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Pieczykolan A, Pietrzak W, Nowak R, Pielczyk J, Łamacz K. Optimization of Extraction Conditions for Determination of Tiliroside in Tilia L. Flowers Using an LC-ESI-MS/MS Method. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2019; 2019:9052425. [PMID: 30729060 PMCID: PMC6343130 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9052425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Tiliroside exhibits a wide spectrum of effects on the human body; considering expensive synthesis of tiliroside, linden trees seem to be a good source of this compound. For the first time, 46 various extraction methods were developed to receive tiliroside from Tilia L., including ultrasound-assisted extraction, maceration, maceration with stirring, accelerated solvent extraction, and extraction under reflux. The effects of extraction techniques, solvents, additives, and temperature on the content of tiliroside were studied using analytical and statistical methods. A new, rapid, simple, sensitive, and selective liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method was developed to determine the content of tiliroside in Tilia L. flowers. The LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis demonstrated the highest content of tiliroside in Tilia L. flowers obtained using accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) where 70% ethanol with addition of 1% acetic acid was used as a solvent (7.400 ± 0.019 mg of tiliroside per g dry extract).The results showed that the extracts of Tiliae inflorescentia contained large amounts of tiliroside; therefore, they are good sources of this compound. Moreover, ASE was found to be superior to other extraction techniques due to its high efficiency as well as considerable saving of time and solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Pieczykolan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wioleta Pietrzak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Nowak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Józefina Pielczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Łamacz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Str., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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25
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Review of Recommendations for Bioanalytical Method Validation: Chromatographic Assays and Ligand Binding Assays. Chromatographia 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-018-3677-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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26
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Amidon GE, Anderson BD, Balthasar JP, Bergstrom CAS, Huang SM, Kasting G, Kesisoglou F, Khinast JG, Mager DE, Roberts CJ, Yu L. Fifty-Eight Years and Counting: High-Impact Publishing in Computational Pharmaceutical Sciences and Mechanism-Based Modeling. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:2-7. [PMID: 30423338 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
With this issue of the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, we celebrate the nearly 6 decades of contributions to mechanistic-based modeling and computational pharmaceutical sciences. Along with its predecessor, The Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association: Scientific Edition first published in 1911, JPharmSci has been a leader in the advancement of pharmaceutical sciences beginning with its inaugural edition in 1961. As one of the first scientific journals focusing on pharmaceutical sciences, JPharmSci has established a reputation for publishing high-quality research articles using computational methods and mechanism-based modeling. The journal's publication record is remarkable. With over 15,000 articles, 3000 notes, and more than 650 reviews from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies around the world, JPharmSci has truly been the leader in advancing pharmaceutical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joseph P Balthasar
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | | | - Shiew-Mei Huang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993
| | | | | | - Johannes G Khinast
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Donald E Mager
- University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260
| | | | - Lian Yu
- University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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Incurred sample reanalysis in AstraZeneca small molecule portfolio – what have we learned and where do we go next? Bioanalysis 2018; 10:1733-1745. [DOI: 10.4155/bio-2018-0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, experiences and learnings are shared from the 10-year application of incurred sample reanalysis (ISR) in support of the AstraZeneca small molecule portfolio. The conclusions from including ISR in every clinical bioanalysis study for a period of 5 years, generating ISR data from 550 studies, are shared. Our preclinical ISR approach is described and data generated using capillary microsampling demonstrate confidence in its routine application. The data demonstrate that ISR failures are very rare and the assessment can and should therefore be limited. Dialogue between the bioanalytical teams internally, as well as with the partner contract research organizations, is however critical for a successful bioanalytical method validation and to avoid any ISR failures.
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Lingertat-Walsh K, Law S, Walker SE. Stability of Extemporaneously Compounded Domperidone 5 mg/mL Suspension in Oral Mix in Plastic and Glass Bottles and Plastic Syringes. Can J Hosp Pharm 2018; 71:165-172. [PMID: 29955189 PMCID: PMC6019088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domperidone liquid for oral administration is not commercially available in Canada, but is needed for patients who cannot swallow intact tablets. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the stability of domperidone 5 mg/mL suspensions prepared in Oral Mix vehicle and stored, for up to 91 days, in amber polyvinylchloride (PVC) bottles, amber glass bottles, or amber polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles at 4°C or 25°C or in polypropylene oral syringes at 25°C. METHODS Three separate 300-mL batches of domperidone suspension 5 mg/mL were prepared with Oral Mix vehicle. Fifty-millilitre aliquots of the suspension were stored in 100-mL bottles (amber PVC, amber glass, or amber PET). Half of the bottles of each type were stored at 25°C and half at 4°C. On study days 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 63, 77, and 91, domperidone concentration was determined, with a validated reverse-phase, stability-indicating liquid chromatographic method, in samples drawn from each type of container stored at each temperature. In addition, 1.5-mL aliquots of a fourth 100-mL batch of suspension were stored in 3-mL oral syringes at 25°C and were tested on the same study days. RESULTS The concentration of domperidone in all study samples remained above 93% of initial concentration after storage for 91 days. The percent remaining on day 91, based on fastest degradation rate (as represented by the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval [CI]), was at least 92.3% for suspensions stored at 4°C in PVC, glass, and PET bottles. With storage at 25°C, suspensions in PVC and glass bottles retained more than 90% of initial concentration, whereas suspensions in PET bottles and plastic syringes retained 88.9% and 88.0% of initial concentration, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Because suspensions of domperidone in PET bottles and oral syringes retained less than 90% of their initial concentration on day 91 (based on the 95% CI), it is suggested that such suspensions be stored at 4°C or 25°C in any bottle type or syringe with an assigned beyond-use date not exceeding 75 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Lingertat-Walsh
- , BScPhm, ACPR, is a Compounding Pharmacist with the Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital For Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Shirley Law
- , DipPharmTech, is a Research Assistant in Quality Control, Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Scott E Walker
- , MScPhm, is Director of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, and Professor, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto
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El-Kayal MO, Sayed MN, Mortada ND, Elkheshen S. Development and validation of a simple and rapid UPLC method for the in-vitro estimation of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in lipid-based formulations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.9.1.7-12.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a catechin found in green tea that has potential health benefits, such as anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. A rapid and sensitive Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (UPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in lipid-based formulation. The UPLC method was conducted on C18 analytical column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm particle size). The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetic acid (1%, v:v; pH = 3), acetonitrile and water at volume ratio of 13:15:72 delivered at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The diode array detector (DAD) acquisition wavelength was set at wavelengths 210 and 280 nm. Caffeine was used as internal standard. The tested validation parameters, i.e., selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, and sensitivity (Limit of detection and limit of quantification) were determined at both wavelengths. Results revealed that caffeine and EGCG peaks were eluted at retention times of 0.55 and 0.85 minutes, respectively. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range of 10-60 μg/mL, with coefficients of determination (r2) of 0.9993 and 0.9998 nm at 210 and 280 nm, respectively. All the validation parameters were found within the acceptable range. The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantitation of EGCG in lipid-based formulation and statistical analysis with a reported method showed no significant difference at p < 0.05. Therefore, the proposed analytical method for EGCG can be considered as a rapid, selective and accurate analytical method that can be used for the quantitative analysis of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha Osama El-Kayal
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University, 12311, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maha Nasr Sayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11381, Egypt
| | - Nahed Dawood Mortada
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, 11381, Egypt
| | - Seham Elkheshen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutical Industries, Future University, 12311, Cairo, Egypt
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Fyrestam J, Östman C. Determination of heme in microorganisms using HPLC-MS/MS and cobalt(III) protoporphyrin IX inhibition of heme acquisition in Escherichia coli. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:6999-7010. [PMID: 29043383 PMCID: PMC5717118 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the main threats to the achievements in modern medicine is antimicrobial resistance. Molecular targeting of bacterial acquisition mechanisms of heme has been suggested to be an alternative to antibiotics. In the present study, HPLC-MS/MS combined with a simple clean-up based on liquid-liquid extraction has been developed and evaluated for simultaneous determination of heme and porphyrin heme precursors in microorganisms. Experimental design was used to optimize the extraction parameters, to obtain a method with high recovery, low matrix effects, and high precision. The effects of additives in the culture medium on the biosynthesis of heme were studied using Escherichia coli as a model microorganism. 5-Aminolaevulinic acid and hemin increased the heme concentration in E. coli by a factor of 1.5 and 4.5, respectively. Addition of 5-aminolaevulinic acid bypassed the E. coli negative feedback control of heme biosynthesis, which led to high amounts of intracellular porphyrins. The high heme concentration obtained when hemin was used as a culture additive shows that E. coli has an uptake of heme from its surroundings. In contrast, addition of cobalt protoporphyrin IX to the growth medium reduced the amount of heme in E. coli, demonstrating this compound's ability to mimic real heme and inhibit the heme acquisition mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Fyrestam
- Division of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante arrheniusväg 16C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Conny Östman
- Division of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, Svante arrheniusväg 16C, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Gonçalves V, Hazarbassanov NQ, de Siqueira A, Florio JC, Ciscato CHP, Maiorka PC, Fukushima AR, de Souza Spinosa H. Development and validation of carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran analysis by high-pressure liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) for forensic Veterinary Medicine. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1065-1066:8-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lubin A, Sheng S, Cabooter D, Augustijns P, Cuyckens F. Flexible nano- and microliter injections on a single liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry system: Minimizing sample preparation and maximizing linear dynamic range. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1524:101-107. [PMID: 28989028 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Lack of knowledge on the expected concentration range or insufficient linear dynamic range of the analytical method applied are common challenges for the analytical scientist. Samples that are above the upper limit of quantification are typically diluted and reanalyzed. The analysis of undiluted highly concentrated samples can cause contamination of the system, while the dilution step is time consuming and as the case for any sample preparation step, also potentially leads to precipitation, adsorption or degradation of the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Lubin
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Sheng Sheng
- Faculté des Sciences d'Orsay, Paris Sud University, 15 rue Georges Clemenceau, 91405 Orsay, France.
| | - Deirdre Cabooter
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N II Herestraat 49, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Filip Cuyckens
- Discovery Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium.
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Pindelska E, Sokal A, Kolodziejski W. Pharmaceutical cocrystals, salts and polymorphs: Advanced characterization techniques. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 117:111-146. [PMID: 28931472 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of a novel drug development is to obtain it with optimal physiochemical, pharmaceutical and biological properties. Pharmaceutical companies and scientists modify active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), which often are cocrystals, salts or carefully selected polymorphs, to improve the properties of a parent drug. To find the best form of a drug, various advanced characterization methods should be used. In this review, we have described such analytical methods, dedicated to solid drug forms. Thus, diffraction, spectroscopic, thermal and also pharmaceutical characterization methods are discussed. They all are necessary to study a solid API in its intrinsic complexity from bulk down to the molecular level, gain information on its structure, properties, purity and possible transformations, and make the characterization efficient, comprehensive and complete. Furthermore, these methods can be used to monitor and investigate physical processes, involved in the drug development, in situ and in real time. The main aim of this paper is to gather information on the current advancements in the analytical methods and highlight their pharmaceutical relevance.
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Ullah S, Shah MR, Shoaib M, Imran M, Shah SWA, Ali I, Ahmed F. Creatinine-based non-phospholipid vesicular carrier for improved oral bioavailability of Azithromycin. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1011-1022. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1291667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shafi Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Shoaib
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan
| | | | - Imdad Ali
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Farid Ahmed
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
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Del Bono V, Giacobbe DR, Marchese A, Parisini A, Fucile C, Coppo E, Marini V, Arena A, Molin A, Martelli A, Gratarola A, Viscoli C, Pelosi P, Mattioli F. Meropenem for treating KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections: Should we get to the PK/PD root of the paradox? Virulence 2017; 8:66-73. [PMID: 27430122 PMCID: PMC5963200 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1213476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the achievement of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) targets of meropenem (MEM) in critically-ill patients with bloodstream infections (BSI) due to Klebsiella pneumoniae-carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-Kp) with MEM minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ≥16 mg/L. Nineteen critically-ill patients with KPC-Kp BSI were given combination therapy including MEM, tigecycline, plus colistin or gentamicin (according to susceptibility testing). MEM was administered as an extended 3-hour infusion of 2 g every 8 hours, or adjusted according to renal function. MEM plasma concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. PK/PD targets for MEM were defined as T > 40% 1×MIC and T > 40% 4×MIC. Possible synergisms between MEM and coadministered agents were assessed by time-kill assays based on plasma levels for MEM and on fixed plasma concentrations for the other agents. In none of 19 patients MEM reached any PK/PD target. The actual MEM MICs were 256, 512, and 1024 mg/L in 1, 3, and 15 isolates, respectively. However, theoretically, the PK/PD target of T > 40% 1×MIC could have been achieved in 95%, 68%, 32% and 0% of the isolates for MIC equal to 8, 16, 32, and 64 mg/L, respectively. No synergisms were observed between MEM and coadministered agents. In conclusion, high-dose MEM failed to reach PK/PD targets in 19 patients with BSI due to KPC-Kp with very high MEM MICs. On a theoretical basis, our results suggest a possible usefulness of MEM against resistant blood isolates with MICs up to 32 mg/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Del Bono
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, DIPMI, DISSAL, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Daniele Roberto Giacobbe
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, DIPMI, DISSAL, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Anna Marchese
- Unità di Microbiologia, DIPSE, DISC, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Parisini
- Centro ortopedico di Quadrante, Ospedale Madonna del Popolo, Omegna, Italy
| | - Carmen Fucile
- Unità di Farmacologia Clinica e Tossicologia, DIMI, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Erika Coppo
- Unità di Microbiologia, DIPSE, DISC, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Valeria Marini
- Unità di Farmacologia Clinica e Tossicologia, DIMI, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonio Arena
- U.O. Anestesia e Rianimazione, DIPEA, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Alexandre Molin
- U.O. Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, DIPEA, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonietta Martelli
- Unità di Farmacologia Clinica e Tossicologia, DIMI, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Angelo Gratarola
- U.O. Anestesia e Rianimazione, DIPEA, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
| | - Claudio Viscoli
- Clinica Malattie Infettive, DIPMI, DISSAL, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- U.O. Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, DIPEA, IRCCS AOU San Martino-IST, Genova, Italy
- Anestesia e Terapia Intensiva, DISC, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Mattioli
- Unità di Farmacologia Clinica e Tossicologia, DIMI, Università di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Validation of an analytical method for simultaneous high-precision measurements of greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment plants using a gas chromatography-barrier discharge detector system. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1480:62-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Imran M, Shah MR, Ullah F, Ullah S, Elhissi AMA, Nawaz W, Ahmad F, Sadiq A, Ali I. Sugar-based novel niosomal nanocarrier system for enhanced oral bioavailability of levofloxacin. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3653-3664. [DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1214991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan,
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi University, Karachi, Pakistan,
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan,
| | - Shafi Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan,
| | | | - Waqas Nawaz
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Farid Ahmad
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi University, Karachi, Pakistan,
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa, Pakistan,
| | - Imdad Ali
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi University, Karachi, Pakistan,
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Kandhare AD, Bodhankar SL, Mohan V, Thakurdesai PA. Development and validation of HPLC method for vicenin-1 isolated from fenugreek seeds in rat plasma: application to pharmacokinetic, tissue distribution and excretion studies. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2575-2583. [PMID: 27181500 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1172245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Vicenin-1, a flavonol glycoside, has potent platelet aggregation inhibition, antioxidant, radioprotectants and anti-inflammatory activities. OBJECTIVE To establish a rapid, simple, precise and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of vicenin-1 in rat plasma, and to investigate the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion after a single 60 mg/kg oral dose in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vicenin-1 was extracted by solid-liquid extraction through Tulsicon® ADS-400 (0.40-1.2 mm). Chromatographic separation was achieved by HPLC with a C18 column with a mobile phase composed of water and acetonitrile (75:25 v/v) and a flow rate of 1 mL/min along with UV detection at 210 nm. RESULTS Good linearity of calibration curve was found between 10.5 and 100.5 μg/mL (R2 = 0.995) for plasma and tissue, whereas 2.5-500 μg/mL (R2 = 0.999) for the urine and stool samples. The extraction recoveries were 98.51-99.58% for vicenin-1 in plasma, whereas intra-day and inter-day precision were validated by relative standard deviation (%RSD), that came in the ranges of 1.16-1.79% and 1.28-1.73%, respectively. The pharmacokinetics results showed Cmax (7.039 μg/mL) and Tmax (2 h) after oral administration of vicenin-1. Tissue distribution study showed that the highest concentration of vicenin-1 was achieved in the liver followed by the lung. Approximately 24.2% of its administered dose was excreted via urinary excretion route. CONCLUSION The first-pass metabolism, poor solubility and presence of reducing sugar moiety in vicenin-1 may decrease its bioavailability. The developed method is sensitive, specific and was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetics, tissue distribution and excretion studies of vicenin-1 in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit D Kandhare
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Erandwane , Pune , India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- a Department of Pharmacology , Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Erandwane , Pune , India
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Quantification of Methylphenidate, Dexamphetamine, and Atomoxetine in Human Serum and Oral Fluid by HPLC With Fluorescence Detection. Ther Drug Monit 2016; 38:98-107. [PMID: 26349081 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For psychostimulants, a marked individual variability in the dose-response relationship and large differences in plasma concentrations after similar doses are known. Therefore, optimizing the efficacy of these drugs is at present the most promising way to exploit their full pharmacological potential. Moreover, it seems important to examine oral fluid as less invasive biological matrix for its benefit in therapeutic drug monitoring for patients with hyperkinetic disorder. METHODS A high-performance liquid chromatography method for quantification of methylphenidate (MPH), dexamphetamine (DXA), and atomoxetine in serum and oral fluid has been developed and validated. The analytical procedure involves liquid-liquid extraction, derivatization with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)benzoyl chloride as a label and chromatographic separation on a Phenomenex Gemini-NX C18 analytical column using gradient elution with water-acetonitrile. The derivatized analytes were detected at 330 nm (excitation wavelength) and 440 nm (emission wavelength). To examine the oral fluid/serum ratios, oral fluid samples were collected simultaneously to blood samples from patients with hyperkinetic disorder. RESULTS The method allows quantification of all analytes in serum and oral fluid within 16 minutes under the same or similar conditions. Oral fluid/serum ratios for MPH and DXA were highly variable and showed an accumulation of these drugs in oral fluid. CONCLUSIONS The developed method covers the determination of MPH, DXA, and atomoxetine concentrations in serum and oral fluid after the intake of therapeutic doses. Oral fluid samples are useful for the qualitative detection of MPH and DXA.
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Ullah S, Shah MR, Shoaib M, Imran M, Elhissi AMA, Ahmad F, Ali I, Shah SWA. Development of a biocompatible creatinine-based niosomal delivery system for enhanced oral bioavailability of clarithromycin. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3480-3491. [PMID: 27247018 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1196768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Nonionic surfactant vesicles have gained increasing scientific attention for hydrophobic drugs delivery due to their biocompatibility, stability and low cost. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to synthesize and evaluate a novel creatinine-based nonionic surfactant in terms of its ability to generate biocompatible niosomal system for the delivery of Clarithromycin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The surfactant was synthesized by reacting creatinine with lauroyl chloride followed by characterization using 1HNMR and MS. The drug-loaded niosomal vesicles of the surfactant were characterized for drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) using LC-MS, vesicle size using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and vesicle shape using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The surfactant was also investigated for blood hemolysis, in vitro cytotoxicity against different cell lines and in vivo acute toxicity in mice. Furthermore, the in vivo bioavailability of Clarithromycin encapsulated in the novel niosomal formulation was investigated using rabbits and quantified through validated LC-MS/MS method. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Findings showed that vesicles were able to entrap up to 67.82 ± 1.27% of the drug, and were rounded in shape with a size around 202.73 ± 5.30 nm and low polydispersity. The surfactant caused negligible blood hemolysis, very low cytotoxicity and was found to be safe up to 2500 mg/kg body weight using mice. The niosomal formulation showed twofold enhanced oral bioavailability of Clarithromycin as compared to commercial formulations of the drug. CONCLUSION The study has shown that the creatinine-based niosomes developed in our laboratory were biocompatible, safe and increased the oral bioavailability of the model hydrophobic Clarithromycin using experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafi Ullah
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Malakand , Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- b HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi University , Karachi , Pakistan , and
| | - Mohammad Shoaib
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Malakand , Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa , Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Malakand , Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa , Pakistan
| | | | - Farid Ahmad
- b HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi University , Karachi , Pakistan , and
| | - Imdad Ali
- b HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, Karachi University , Karachi , Pakistan , and
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- a Department of Pharmacy , University of Malakand , Chakdara, Khyber Pakhtoonkhwa , Pakistan
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Saifullah M, Yusof Y, Chin N, Aziz M, Mohammed M, Aziz N. Dissolution profiling and its comparison of natural fruit powder effervescent tablets. J FOOD ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wagner M, Tonoli D, Varesio E, Hopfgartner G. The use of mass spectrometry to analyze dried blood spots. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2016; 35:361-438. [PMID: 25252132 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Dried blood spots (DBS) typically consist in the deposition of small volumes of capillary blood onto dedicated paper cards. Comparatively to whole blood or plasma samples, their benefits rely in the fact that sample collection is easier and that logistic aspects related to sample storage and shipment can be relatively limited, respectively, without the need of a refrigerator or dry ice. Originally, this approach has been developed in the sixties to support the analysis of phenylalanine for the detection of phenylketonuria in newborns using bacterial inhibition test. In the nineties tandem mass spectrometry was established as the detection technique for phenylalanine and tyrosine. DBS became rapidly recognized for their clinical value: they were widely implemented in pediatric settings with mass spectrometric detection, and were closely associated to the debut of newborn screening (NBS) programs, as a part of public health policies. Since then, sample collection on paper cards has been explored with various analytical techniques in other areas more or less successfully regarding large-scale applications. Moreover, in the last 5 years a regain of interest for DBS was observed and originated from the bioanalytical community to support drug development (e.g., PK studies) or therapeutic drug monitoring mainly. Those recent applications were essentially driven by improved sensitivity of triple quadrupole mass spectrometers. This review presents an overall view of all instrumental and methodological developments for DBS analysis with mass spectrometric detection, with and without separation techniques. A general introduction to DBS will describe their advantages and historical aspects of their emergence. A second section will focus on blood collection, with a strong emphasis on specific parameters that can impact quantitative analysis, including chromatographic effects, hematocrit effects, blood effects, and analyte stability. A third part of the review is dedicated to sample preparation and will consider off-line and on-line extractions; in particular, instrumental designs that have been developed so far for DBS extraction will be detailed. Flow injection analysis and applications will be discussed in section IV. The application of surface analysis mass spectrometry (DESI, paper spray, DART, APTDCI, MALDI, LDTD-APCI, and ICP) to DBS is described in section V, while applications based on separation techniques (e.g., liquid or gas chromatography) are presented in section VI. To conclude this review, the current status of DBS analysis is summarized, and future perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Wagner
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - David Tonoli
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Varesio
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gérard Hopfgartner
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
High-throughput multiplex protein biomarker assays continue to gain significance in the fields of biomarker discovery and drug development, due to their economical use of not only the precious clinical biological samples but also expensive reagents. Among these platforms, homogeneous multiplex systems have potential for short assay run times and cost-effective reagent consumptions. However, these systems must overcome challenges of signal cross talk and biochemical cross-reactivity. Despite these obstacles, several homogeneous multiplex immunoassays have been demonstrated. These include fluorescent polarization, fluorescent resonance energy transfer with quantum dots or graphene, luminescent oxygen-channeling immunoassay coupled with aqueous two-phase systems and DNA proximity assays. The balance between speed/simplicity and high multiplexing and robustness of these homogeneous multiplex immunoassays are discussed in this review.
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Mattioli F, Fucile C, Del Bono V, Marini V, Parisini A, Molin A, Zuccoli ML, Milano G, Danesi R, Marchese A, Polillo M, Viscoli C, Pelosi P, Martelli A, Di Paolo A. Population pharmacokinetics and probability of target attainment of meropenem in critically ill patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 72:839-48. [PMID: 27048201 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-016-2053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) with Klebsiella pneumoniae infections are characterized by high mortality. The aims of the present study were to investigate the population pharmacokinetics parameters and to assess the probability of target attainment of meropenem in critically ill patients to provide information for more effective regimens. METHODS Twenty-seven consecutive patients were included in the study. Meropenem was administered as 3-h intravenous (i.v.) infusions at doses of 1-2 g every 8 or 12 h. Meropenem plasma concentrations were measured by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, and a population pharmacokinetics analysis was performed using NONMEM software. Meropenem plasma disposition was simulated for extended (3 h; 5 h) or continuous i.v. infusions, and the following parameters were calculated: time during which free drug concentrations were above minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (fT > MIC), free minimum plasma concentrations above 4× MIC (fCmin > 4× MIC), probability of target attainment (PTA), and cumulative fraction of response (CFR). RESULTS Gender and severity of sepsis affected meropenem clearance, whose typical population values ranged from 6.22 up to 12.04 L/h (mean ± standard deviation (SD) value, 9.38 ± 4.47 L/h). Mean C min value was 7.90 ± 7.91 mg/L, suggesting a high interindividual variability. The simulation confirmed that 88 and 97.5 % of patients achieved effective C min > 4× MIC values after 3- and 5-h i.v. infusions of meropenem 2 g × 3/day, respectively. On the contrary, the same total daily doses reached the target C min > 4× MIC values in 100 % of patients when administered as continuous i.v. infusions. CONCLUSIONS Several factors may influence meropenem pharmacokinetics in ICU patients. Continuous i.v. infusions of meropenem seem to be more effective than standard regimens to achieve optimal therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Mattioli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, n. 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Carmen Fucile
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, n. 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valerio Del Bono
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, IRCCS A.O.U San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi, n. 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valeria Marini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, n. 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Andrea Parisini
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, IRCCS A.O.U San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi, n. 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Alexandre Molin
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, IRCCS A.O.U San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi, n. 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Zuccoli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, n. 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Giulia Milano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, n. 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Romano Danesi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, n.10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Anna Marchese
- Section of Microbiology-DISC, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi, n. 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Polillo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, n.10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Claudio Viscoli
- Infectious Diseases Clinics, IRCCS A.O.U San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi, n. 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Pelosi
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Department Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, IRCCS A.O.U San Martino-IST, University of Genoa, Largo R. Benzi, n. 10, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonietta Martelli
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, n. 2, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonello Di Paolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, n.10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Kalicharan R, El Amrani M, Schot P, Vromans H. Pharmacokinetics in Elderly Women of Benzyl Alcohol From an Oil Depot. J Pharm Sci 2016; 105:1519-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lappas NT, Lappas CM. Methods of Detection, Identification, and Quantitation. Forensic Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-799967-8.00010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Lendrem DW, Lendrem BC, Woods D, Rowland-Jones R, Burke M, Chatfield M, Isaacs JD, Owen MR. Lost in space: design of experiments and scientific exploration in a Hogarth Universe. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1365-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abdelkader H, Swinden J, Pierscionek BK, Alany RG. Analytical and physicochemical characterisation of the senile cataract drug dipeptide β-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 114:241-6. [PMID: 26073114 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study presents a simple but sensitive HPLC chromatographic method with a stability-indicating assay for determination and physicochemical characterisation of L-carnosine, a promising senile cataract prophylactic agent. Chromatographic analysis was conducted using a reverse phase (RP)-HPLC system and an isocratic mobile phase of 98% v/v trifluoroacetic acid (0.1% v/v) and 2% v/v acetonitrile with detection at 220 nm. L-carnosine was subjected to stress conditions to force its degradation using chemical and thermal agents and was subsequently detected from its degradation products using ESI-MS. The lipophilicity of the drug and 1:1 drug to phospholipid complex (PC) mol/mol was determined by estimating the partition coefficient (P). Lipophilicity was greatly enhanced when L-carnosine was formulated as a phospholipid complex using the solvent evaporation method. L-carnosine-phospholipid complex could be a promising approach for effective delivery to the human lens as offers a potential novel treatment for senile cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdy Abdelkader
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient (DDDPC) Theme, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, London, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Mina, Egypt.
| | - Julian Swinden
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient (DDDPC) Theme, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, London, UK
| | - Barbara K Pierscionek
- Vision Cognition and Neuroscience Theme, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, London, UK
| | - Raid G Alany
- Drug Discovery, Delivery and Patient (DDDPC) Theme, School of Pharmacy and Chemistry, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, London, UK; School of Pharmacy, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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An on-line HPLC-FRSD system for rapid evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity of Citrus fruits. Food Chem 2015; 172:622-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.09.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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50
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Chasta H, Goyal RN. A Simple and Sensitive Poly-1,5-Diaminonaphthalene Modified Sensor for the Determination of Sulfamethoxazole in Biological Samples. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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