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Chopra A, Mongad D, Satpute S, Mazumder PB, Rahi P. Quorum sensing activities and genomic insights of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria isolated from Assam tea. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 39:160. [PMID: 37067647 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03608-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Secretion of quorum sensing (QS) molecules is important for the effective colonization of host plants by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. The current study aims at the isolation and characterization of tea rhizo bacteria, which produce the QS molecules, acyl homoserine lactone (AHLs), along with multiple plant growth-promoting (PGP) activities. Thirty-one isolates were isolated from the tea rhizosphere, and screening for PGP activities resulted in the selection of isolates RTE1 and RTE4 with multiple PGP traits, inhibiting the growth of tea fungal pathogens. Both isolates also showed production of AHL molecules when screened using two biosensor strains, Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Escherichia coli MT 102(jb132). The isolates identified as Burkholderia cepacia RTE1 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa RTE4 based on genome-based analysis like phylogeny, dDDH, and fastANI calculation. Detailed characterization of AHLs produced by the isolates using reverse-phase TLC, fluorometry, and LC-MS indicated that the isolate RTE1 produced a short chain, C8, and a long chain C12 AHL, while RTE4 produced short-chain AHLs C4 and C6. Confocal microscopy revealed the formation of thick biofilm by RTE1 and RTE4 (18 and 23 μm, respectively). Additionally, we found several genes involved in QS, and PGP, inducing systemic resistance (ISR) activities such as lasI/R, qscR, pqq, pvd, aldH, acdS, phz, Sod, rml, and Pch, and biosynthetic gene clusters like N-acyl homoserine lactone synthase, terpenes, pyochelin, and pyocyanin. Based on the functional traits like PGP, biofilm formation and production of AHL molecules, and genetic potential of the isolates B. cepacia RTE1 and P. aeruginosa RTE4 appear promising candidates to improve the health and growth of tea plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Chopra
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Dattatray Mongad
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India
| | - Surekha Satpute
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | | | - Praveen Rahi
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biological Resource Center of Institut Pasteur (CRBIP), Paris, France.
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Potential of Enterococcus faecium LM5.2 for lipopeptide biosurfactant production and its effect on the growth of maize (Zea mays L.). Arch Microbiol 2022; 204:223. [DOI: 10.1007/s00203-022-02834-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sharma P, Gaur VK, Gupta S, Varjani S, Pandey A, Gnansounou E, You S, Ngo HH, Wong JWC. Trends in mitigation of industrial waste: Global health hazards, environmental implications and waste derived economy for environmental sustainability. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 811:152357. [PMID: 34921885 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Majority of industries, in order to meet the technological development and consumer demands generate waste. The untreated waste spreads out toxic and harmful substances in the environment which serves as a breeding ground for pathogenic microorganisms thus causing severe health hazards. The three industrial sectors namely food, agriculture, and oil industry are among the primary organic waste producers that affect urban health and economic growth. Conventional treatment generates a significant amount of greenhouse gases which further contributes to global warming. Thus, the use of microbes for utilization of this waste, liberating CO2 offers an indispensable tool. The simultaneous production of value-added products such as bioplastics, biofuels, and biosurfactants increases the economics of the process and contributes to environmental sustainability. This review comprehensively summarized the composition of organic waste generated from the food, agriculture, and oil industry. The linkages between global health hazards of industrial waste and environmental implications have been uncovered. Stare-of-the-art information on their subsequent utilization as a substrate to produce value-added products through bio-routes has been elaborated. The research gaps, economical perspective(s), and future research directions have been identified and discussed to strengthen environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Sharma
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India; Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India.
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow 226 001, India
| | - Edgard Gnansounou
- Bioenergy and Energy Planning Research Group (BPE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Siming You
- James Watt School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Jonathan W C Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong
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Rhamnolipids Application for the Removal of Vanadium from Contaminated Sediment. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:1949-1960. [PMID: 33811507 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02445-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of biosurfactants in bioremediation of hydrocarbons and in the removal of heavy metals in crude oils is considered an attractive subject. The vanadium pollution in soil and sediments had attracted research interest in exploring eco-friendly methods of remediation. The present study was conducted to evaluate the potential of a biosurfactant to remove vanadium from artificially contaminated sand. The biosurfactant producer's strain selection process was carried out from 23 strains in two steps. In the primary screening, four preliminary tests were carried out: the emulsification index (24 and 72 h), the surface tension, and the rate of bacterial adhesion to hydrocarbons. In the secondary screening, the surface tension and rhamnolipids concentration were determined, also critical micellar concentration and dilution were calculated. The RNA 16s of selected strain was sequence and the strain was identified as Pseudomonas sp. By chromatographic and spectroscopic assays, the structure of the rhamnolipids was determined. The maximal vanadium removal efficiency (85.5%) was achieved with a rhamnolipids' concentration of 240 mg l-1. The vanadium concentration was determined by spectroscopic technique. Rhamnolipids produced by this strain can potentially be used in the removal of vanadium.
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Gong Z, Yang G, Che C, Liu J, Si M, He Q. Foaming of rhamnolipids fermentation: impact factors and fermentation strategies. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:77. [PMID: 33781264 PMCID: PMC8008553 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhamnolipids have recently attracted considerable attentions because of their excellent biosurfactant performance and potential applications in agriculture, environment, biomedicine, etc., but severe foaming causes the high cost of production, restraining their commercial production and applications. To reduce or eliminate the foaming, numerous explorations have been focused on foaming factors and fermentation strategies, but a systematic summary and discussion are still lacking. Additionally, although these studies have not broken through the bottleneck of foaming, they are conducive to understanding the foaming mechanism and developing more effective rhamnolipids production strategies. Therefore, this review focuses on the effects of fermentation components and control conditions on foaming behavior and fermentation strategies responded to the severe foaming in rhamnolipids fermentation and systematically summarizes 6 impact factors and 9 fermentation strategies. Furthermore, the potentialities of 9 fermentation strategies for large-scale production are discussed and some further strategies are suggested. We hope this review can further facilitate the understanding of foaming factors and fermentation strategies as well as conducive to developing the more effective large-scale production strategies to accelerate the commercial production process of rhamnolipids.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijin Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, 273165, China
| | - Ge Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, 273165, China
| | - Chengchuan Che
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, 273165, China
| | - Jinfeng Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, 273165, China
| | - Meiru Si
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, 273165, China
| | - Qiuhong He
- School of Life Sciences, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong Province, 273165, China.
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Production, characterization and bioactivities of biosurfactants from newly isolated strictly halophilic bacteria. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Song K, Shim J, Jung JY, Lee C, Nam Y. Endowing antifouling properties on metal substrata by creating an artificial barrier layer based on scalable metal oxide nanostructures. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:766-782. [PMID: 32842788 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1811238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Here, by creating different types of artificial barrier layer against bacterial attachment, anti-biofouling properties were endowed on three metallic surfaces - aluminum, stainless steel and titanium. To each metallic surface, a tailored chemical oxidation process was applied to grow scalable oxide structures with an additional appropriate coating, resulting in three different types of anti-biofouling barrier, a thin water film, an air layer and an oil layer. Fluorescence images of the attached bacteria showed that the water layer improved the anti-biofouling performance up to 8-12 h and the air layer up to 12-24 h, comparable with the lifetime of the air layer. In comparison, the oil layer exhibited the best anti-biofouling performance by suppressing the fouled area by < 10% up to 72 h regardless of the substratum type. The present work provides simple, low-cost, scalable strategies to enhance the anti-biofouling performance of industrially important metallic surfaces. [Formula: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyounghwan Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehwan Shim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yeul Jung
- Maritime Safety and Environmental Research Division, Korea Research Institute of Ships & Ocean Engineering, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Choongyeop Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsuk Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Chaurasia LK, Tamang B, Tirwa RK, Lepcha PL. Influence of biosurfactant producing Bacillus tequilensis LK5.4 isolate of kinema, a fermented soybean, on seed germination and growth of maize ( Zea mays L.). 3 Biotech 2020; 10:297. [PMID: 32550114 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the lipopeptide biosurfactant was extracted, purified and characterized from the Bacillus isolate LK5.4 obtained from kinema samples of Sikkim. Plant growth-promoting property of the biosurfactant producing bacterium was also evaluated. Out of fifty-seven isolates, only ten were biosurfactant producer as determined by the oil displacement test. Bacillus isolate LK5.4 showed the maximum emulsification index (52.3 ± 0.02), reduced surface tension up to 40% and produced 754 mgL-1 biosurfactant in the nutrient broth. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolate LK5.4 was identified as B. tequilensis. Biosurfactant was purified by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Evaluation of the chemical characteristics by TLC, Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy identified the biosurfactant as surfactin. The effect of different concentration of biosurfactant in maize seed germination was evaluated under in vitro condition. It showed the fastest growth of seedlings at 300 µg/ml biosurfactant solution. Similar results were shown by the potted plant experiment, where the soil was directly treated with biosurfactant producing bacterium LK5.4. The LK5.4 treated plants showed a mean height of 29.17 ± 0.47 cm and mean leaf length of 18.42 ± 0.17 cm while the mean height and mean length of the leaf were 15.48 ± 0.98 cm and 11.12 ± 0.40 cm respectively in the control plants. The treated plants had higher moisture content (68.48 ± 2.79%) than the control plants (50.53 ± 1.63%), which is because of higher bioadsorption in the treated plants. These results provided indirect evidence of plant growth-promoting property of the biosurfactant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit K Chaurasia
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, Sikkim India
| | - Buddhiman Tamang
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, Sikkim India
| | - Ranjan K Tirwa
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, Sikkim India
| | - Pinkey L Lepcha
- Department of Microbiology, Sikkim University, 6th Mile, Samdur, Tadong, Sikkim India
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De Gregorio PR, Parolin C, Abruzzo A, Luppi B, Protti M, Mercolini L, Silva JA, Giordani B, Marangoni A, Nader-Macías MEF, Vitali B. Biosurfactant from vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus BC1 as a promising agent to interfere with Candida adhesion. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:133. [PMID: 32552788 PMCID: PMC7302142 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus spp. dominating the vaginal microbiota of healthy women contribute to the prevention of urogenital and sexually transmitted infections. Their protective role in the vagina can be mediated by Lactobacillus cells themselves, metabolites or bacterial components, able to interfere with pathogen adhesion and infectivity. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common genital infection, caused by the overgrowth of opportunistic Candida spp. including C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. tropicalis. Azole antifungal drugs are not always efficient in resolving VVC and preventing recurrent infections, thus alternative anti-Candida agents based on vaginal probiotics have gained more importance. The present work aims to chemically characterize the biosurfactant (BS) isolated from a vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus strain, L. crispatus BC1, and to investigate its safety and antiadhesive/antimicrobial activity against Candida spp., employing in vitro and in vivo assays. RESULTS BS isolated from vaginal L. crispatus BC1 was characterised as non-homogeneous lipopeptide molecules with a critical micellar concentration value of 2 mg/mL, and good emulsification and mucoadhesive properties. At 1.25 mg/mL, the BS was not cytotoxic and reduced Candida strains' ability to adhere to human cervical epithelial cells, mainly by exclusion mechanism. Moreover, intravaginal (i.va.) inoculation of BS in a murine experimental model was safe and did not perturb vaginal cytology, histology and cultivable vaginal microbiota. In the case of i.va. challenge of mice with C. albicans, BS was able to reduce leukocyte influx. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that BS from vaginal L. crispatus BC1 is able to interfere with Candida adhesion in vitro and in vivo, and suggest its potential as a preventive agent to reduce mucosal damage occasioned by Candida during VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Romina De Gregorio
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco, 145, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Carola Parolin
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Angela Abruzzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Barbara Luppi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Protti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Mercolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via Belmeloro 6, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Alejandra Silva
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco, 145, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Barbara Giordani
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonella Marangoni
- Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Vitali
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, University of Bologna, Via San Donato 19/2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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Gaur VK, Regar RK, Dhiman N, Gautam K, Srivastava JK, Patnaik S, Kamthan M, Manickam N. Biosynthesis and characterization of sophorolipid biosurfactant by Candida spp.: Application as food emulsifier and antibacterial agent. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 285:121314. [PMID: 30992159 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Biosurfactants from the yeast strains Candida albicans SC5314 and Candida glabrata CBS138 were isolated and characterized. Surface tension of the cell-free broth was reduced from 72 N/m to 42 N/m and 55 N/m respectively. The biosurfactants showed emulsifying ability as the indices against castor oil were determined to be 51% and 53% for C. albicans and C. glabrata respectively and were found stable between pH 2 and 10, temperature 4-120 °C and salt concentration 2-14%. The partially purified surfactants were identified as sophorolipid using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Isolated sophorolipid showed antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria and generated reactive oxygen species in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that 60 mg/L of C. glabrata biosurfactant killed 65.8% B. subtilis and 4% E. coli. The data here obtained indicates applications of biosurfactant focusing mainly as antimicrobial and therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar Gaur
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, India
| | - Raj Kumar Regar
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nitesh Dhiman
- Regulatory Toxicology Division, Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Krishna Gautam
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Satyakam Patnaik
- Regulatory Toxicology Division, Nanomaterial Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mohan Kamthan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Natesan Manickam
- Environmental Biotechnology Division, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Câmara JMD, Sousa MAS, Barros Neto EL. Optimization and Characterization of Biosurfactant Rhamnolipid Production byPseudomonas aeruginosaIsolated from an Artificially Contaminated Soil. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jsde.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Maria D.A. Câmara
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Senador Salgado Filho 3000—Campus Universitário, Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - Magna Angélica S.B. Sousa
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Senador Salgado Filho 3000—Campus Universitário, Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
| | - Eduardo L. Barros Neto
- Chemical Engineering DepartmentUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Senador Salgado Filho 3000—Campus Universitário, Natal Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
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