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Sun L, Yeo T, Middha E, Gao Y, Lim CT, Watanabe S, Liu B. In Situ Visualization of Dynamic Cellular Effects of Phospholipid Nanoparticles via High-Speed Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203285. [PMID: 35946985 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Phospholipid nanoparticles have been actively employed for numerous biomedical applications. A key factor in ensuring effective and safe applications of these nanomaterials is the regulation of their interactions with target cells, which is significantly dependent on an in-depth understanding of the nanoparticle-cell interactions. To date, most studies investigating these nano-bio interactions have been performed under static conditions and may lack crucial real-time information. It is, however, noteworthy that the nanoparticle-cell interactions are highly dynamic. Consequently, to gain a deeper insight into the cellular effects of phospholipid nanoparticles, real-time observation of cellular dynamics after nanoparticle introduction is necessary. Herein, a proof-of-concept in situ visualization of the dynamic cellular effects of sub-100 nm phospholipid nanoparticles using high-speed scanning ion conductance microscopy (HS-SICM) is reported. It is revealed that upon introduction into the cellular environment, within a short timescale of hundreds of seconds, phospholipid nanoparticles can selectively modulate the edge motility and surface roughness of healthy fibroblast and cancerous epithelial cells. Furthermore, the dynamic deformation profiles of these cells can be selectively altered in the presence of phospholipid nanoparticles. This work is anticipated to further shed light on the real-time nanoparticle-cell interactions for improved formulation of phospholipid nanoparticles for numerous bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhao Sun
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Trifanny Yeo
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Eshu Middha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yuji Gao
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, MD6, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, 9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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Chen F, He J, Manandhar P, Yang Y, Liu P, Gu N. Gauging surface charge distribution of live cell membrane by ionic current change using scanning ion conductance microscopy. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:19973-19984. [PMID: 34825684 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05230f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of surface charge and potential of cell membrane plays an indispensable role in cellular activities. However, probing surface charge of live cells under physiological conditions, until recently, remains an arduous challenge owing to the lack of effective methods. Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is an emerging imaging technique for imaging a live cell membrane in its native state. Here, we introduce a simple SICM based imaging technique to effectively map the surface charge contrast distribution of soft substrates including cell membranes by utilizing the higher surface charge sensitivity of the ionic current when the nanopipette tip is close to the substrate with a relatively high current change. This technique was assessed on charged model substrates made of polydimethylsiloxane, and the surface charge sensitivity of ionic current change was supported by finite element method simulations. With this method, we can distinguish the surface charge difference between the cell membrane and the supporting collagen matrix. We also observed the surface charge change induced by the small membrane damage after 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) treatment. This new SICM technique provides opportunities to study interfacial and cell membrane processes with high spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
- Physics Department, Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Prakash Manandhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Yizi Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Peidang Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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3
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Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) has emerged as a versatile tool for studies of interfaces in biology and materials science with notable utility in biophysical and electrochemical measurements. The heart of the SICM is a nanometer-scale electrolyte filled glass pipette that serves as a scanning probe. In the initial conception, manipulations of ion currents through the tip of the pipette and appropriate positioning hardware provided a route to recording micro- and nanoscopic mapping of the topography of surfaces. Subsequent advances in instrumentation, probe design, and methods significantly increased opportunities for SICM beyond recording topography. Hybridization of SICM with coincident characterization techniques such as optical microscopy and faradaic electrodes have brought SICM to the forefront as a tool for nanoscale chemical measurement for a wide range of applications. Modern approaches to SICM realize an important tool in analytical, bioanalytical, biophysical, and materials measurements, where significant opportunities remain for further exploration. In this review, we chronicle the development of SICM from the perspective of both the development of instrumentation and methods and the breadth of measurements performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kaixiang Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Natasha P Siepser
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Lane A Baker
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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Rubfiaro AS, Tsegay PS, Lai Y, Cabello E, Shaver M, Hutcheson J, Liu Y, He J. Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy Study Reveals the Disruption of the Integrity of the Human Cell Membrane Structure by Oxidative DNA Damage. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:1632-1639. [PMID: 34430802 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can damage organs, tissues, and cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) by oxidizing DNA, proteins, and lipids, thereby resulting in diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, employing scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), we explored the early responses of human embryonic kidney (HEK293H) cells to oxidative DNA damage induced by potassium chromate (K2CrO4). We found that the short term (1-2 h) exposure to a low concentration (10 μM) of K2CrO4 damaged the lipid membrane of HEK293H cells, resulting in structural defects and depolarization of the cell membrane and reducing cellular secretion activity shortly after the treatment. We further demonstrated that the K2CrO4 treatment decreased the expression of the cytoskeleton protein, β-actin, by inducing oxidative DNA damage in the exon 4 of the β-actin gene. These results suggest that K2CrO4 caused oxidative DNA damage in cytoskeleton genes such as β-actin and reduced their expression, thereby disrupting the organization of the cytoskeleton beneath the cell membrane and inducing cell membrane damages. Our study provides direct evidence that oxidative DNA damage disrupted human cell membrane integrity by deregulating cytoskeleton gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto S Rubfiaro
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Pawlos S Tsegay
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Yanhao Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Emmanuel Cabello
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Mohammad Shaver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Joshua Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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5
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Chen F, Panday N, Li X, Ma T, Guo J, Wang X, Kos L, Hu K, Gu N, He J. Simultaneous mapping of nanoscale topography and surface potential of charged surfaces by scanning ion conductance microscopy. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:20737-20748. [PMID: 33030171 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr04555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) offers the ability to obtain nanoscale resolution images of the membranes of living cells. Here, we show that a dual-barrel nanopipette probe based potentiometric SICM (P-SICM) can simultaneously map the topography and surface potential of soft, rough and heterogeneously charged surfaces under physiological conditions. This technique was validated and tested by systematic studies on model samples, and the finite element method (FEM) based simulations confirmed its surface potential sensing capability. Using the P-SICM method, we compared both the topography and extracellular potential distributions of the membranes of normal (Mela-A) and cancerous (B16) skin cells. We further monitored the structural and electrical changes of the membranes of both types of cells after exposing them to the elevated potassium ion concentration in extracellular solution, known to depolarize and damage the cell. From surface potential imaging, we revealed the dynamic appearance of heterogeneity of the surface potential of the individual cell membrane. This P-SICM method provides new opportunities to study the structural and electrical properties of cell membrane at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China and Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Namuna Panday
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430081, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Lidia Kos
- Department of Biological Science, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Ke Hu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Gu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, People's Republic of China and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Sciences and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA. and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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6
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Chen F, Manandhar P, Ahmed MS, Chang S, Panday N, Zhang H, Moon JH, He J. Extracellular Surface Potential Mapping by Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy Revealed Transient Transmembrane Pore Formation Induced by Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles. Macromol Biosci 2018; 19:e1800271. [PMID: 30548770 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In-depth understanding of the biophysicochemical interactions at the nano-bio interface is important for basic cell biology and applications in nanomedicine and nanobiosensors. Here, the extracellular surface potential and topography changes of live cell membranes interacting with polymeric nanomaterials using a scanning ion conductance microscopy-based potential imaging technique are investigated. Two structurally similar amphiphilic conjugated polymer nanoparticles (CPNs) containing different functional groups (i.e., primary amine versus guanidine) are used to study incubation time and functional group-dependent extracellular surface potential and topographic changes. Transmembrane pores, which induce significant changes in potential, only appear transiently in the live cell membranes during the initial interactions. The cells are able to self-repair the damaged membrane and become resilient to prolonged CPN exposure. This study provides an important observation on how the cells interact with and respond to extracellular polymeric nanomaterials at the early stage. This study also demonstrates that extracellular surface potential imaging can provide a new insight to help understand the complicated interactions at the nano-bio interface and the following cellular responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Prakash Manandhar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Md Salauddin Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Shuai Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Namuna Panday
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Haiqian Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, China
| | - Joong Ho Moon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Jin He
- Department of Physics, Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, FL, 33199, USA
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7
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Kuehne AJC. Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles toward In Vivo Theranostics - Focus on Targeting, Imaging, Therapy, and the Importance of Clearance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 1:e1700100. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J. C. Kuehne
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials; RWTH Aachen University; Forckenbeckstraße 50 52076 Aachen Germany
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8
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Zhuang J, Jiao Y, Mugabo V. A new scanning mode to improve scanning ion conductance microscopy imaging rate with pipette predicted movement. Micron 2017; 101:177-185. [PMID: 28763735 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) is a non-contact surface topography measurement technique that has been increasingly used for soft surfaces such as living biological samples. An approach-retract scanning (ARS) mode is widely used to avoid collision between the SICM probe (i.e., pipette) and an abrupt increase in sample profile. However, the redundant pipette trajectory in the ARS mode lengthens the scan time, thus reducing SICM efficiency and time resolution. To avoid this problem, a new scanning mode is discussed that adds horizontal movement at each measurement point to predict the upcoming sample topography via variation in ion current. The pipette then retracts in response to raised topography, while it raster scans flat or downhill topography. The feasibility was verified by finite element analysis and experimental tests on three kinds of soft samples: polydimethylsiloxane, mice cardiac fibroblasts, and breast cancer cells. The pixel detection frequency during imaging and the mean square error of the sample topography were compared for the two modes. The new scanning mode enhances the SICM imaging rate without loss of imaging quality or scanning stability, while it increases efficiency and time resolution. It thus has an improved performance for characterizing biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yangbohan Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Vincent Mugabo
- Key Laboratory of Education Ministry for Modern Design Rotor-Bearing System, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
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9
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Yu J, Rong Y, Kuo CT, Zhou XH, Chiu DT. Recent Advances in the Development of Highly Luminescent Semiconducting Polymer Dots and Nanoparticles for Biological Imaging and Medicine. Anal Chem 2017; 89:42-56. [PMID: 28105818 PMCID: PMC5682631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangbo Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Yu Rong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Chun-Ting Kuo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Xing-Hua Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Daniel T. Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
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10
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Zhao YC, Zhang L, Feng SS, Hong L, Zheng HL, Chen LL, Zheng XL, Ye YQ, Zhao MD, Wang WX, Zheng CH. Efficient delivery of Notch1 siRNA to SKOV3 cells by cationic cholesterol derivative-based liposome. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5485-5496. [PMID: 27799771 PMCID: PMC5077131 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s115367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel cationic cholesterol derivative-based small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference strategy was suggested to inhibit Notch1 activation in SKOV3 cells for the gene therapy of ovarian cancer. The cationic cholesterol derivative, N-(cholesterylhemisuccinoyl-amino-3-propyl)-N, N-dimethylamine (DMAPA-chems) liposome, was incubated with siRNA at different nitrogen-to-phosphate ratios to form stabilized, near-spherical siRNA/DMAPA-chems nanoparticles with sizes of 100–200 nm and zeta potentials of 40–50 mV. The siRNA/DMAPA-chems nanoparticles protected siRNA from nuclease degradation in 25% fetal bovine serum. The nanoparticles exhibited high cell uptake and Notch1 gene knockdown efficiency in SKOV3 cells at an nitrogen-to-phosphate ratio of 100 and an siRNA concentration of 50 nM. They also inhibited the growth and promoted the apoptosis of SKOV3 cells. These results may provide the potential for using cationic cholesterol derivatives as efficient nonviral siRNA carriers for the suppression of Notch1 activation in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Zhang
- Pharmacy Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Sen Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
| | - Lu Hong
- Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
| | - Hai-Li Zheng
- Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
| | - Li-Li Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | - Wen-Xi Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutic Preparation, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
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