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Dziedzic A, Michlewska S, Jóźwiak P, Dębski J, Karbownik MS, Łaczmański Ł, Kujawa D, Glińska S, Miller E, Niwald M, Kloc M, Balcerzak Ł, Saluk J. Quantitative and structural changes of blood platelet cytoskeleton proteins in multiple sclerosis (MS). J Autoimmun 2024; 145:103204. [PMID: 38520895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that cardiovascular events related to platelet hyperactivity remain the leading causes of death among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Quantitative or structural changes of platelet cytoskeleton alter their morphology and function. Here, we demonstrated, for the first time, the structural changes in MS platelets that may be related to their hyperactivity. MS platelets were found to form large aggregates compared to control platelets. In contrast to the control, the images of overactivated, irregularly shaped MS platelets show changes in the cytoskeleton architecture, fragmented microtubule rings. Furthermore, MS platelets have long and numerous pseudopodia rich in actin filaments. We showed that MS platelets and megakaryocytes, overexpress β1-tubulin and β-actin mRNAs and proteins and have altered post-translational modification patterns. Moreover, we identified two previously undisclosed mutations in the gene encoding β1-tubulin in MS. We propose that the demonstrated structural changes of platelet cytoskeleton enhance their ability to adhere, aggregate, and degranulate fueling the risk of adverse cardiovascular events in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Dziedzic
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Sylwia Michlewska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Jóźwiak
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology, Banacha 12/16, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Dębski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Łaczmański
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Kujawa
- Laboratory of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Weigla 12, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Sława Glińska
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Miller
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marta Niwald
- Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Medical University of Lodz, Milionowa 14, 93-113 Lodz, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kloc
- The Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Surgery, The Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA; M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, The University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Łucja Balcerzak
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Laboratory of Microscopic Imaging and Specialized Biological Techniques, Banacha 12/16, 90-237, Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Saluk
- University of Lodz, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, Department of General Biochemistry, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
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2
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Quigley EB, DeVore SB, Khan SA, Geisterfer ZM, Rothfuss HM, Sequoia AO, Thompson PR, Gatlin JC, Cherrington BD, Navratil AM. GnRH Induces Citrullination of the Cytoskeleton in Murine Gonadotrope Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3181. [PMID: 38542155 PMCID: PMC10970285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25063181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs or PADIs) catalyze the conversion of positively charged arginine to neutral citrulline, which alters target protein structure and function. Our previous work established that gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) stimulates PAD2-catalyzed histone citrullination to epigenetically regulate gonadotropin gene expression in the gonadotrope-derived LβT2 cell line. However, PADs are also found in the cytoplasm. Given this, we used mass spectrometry (MS) to identify additional non-histone proteins that are citrullinated following GnRHa stimulation and characterized the temporal dynamics of this modification. Our results show that actin and tubulin are citrullinated, which led us to hypothesize that GnRHa might induce their citrullination to modulate cytoskeletal dynamics and architecture. The data show that 10 nM GnRHa induces the citrullination of β-actin, with elevated levels occurring at 10 min. The level of β-actin citrullination is reduced in the presence of the pan-PAD inhibitor biphenyl-benzimidazole-Cl-amidine (BB-ClA), which also prevents GnRHa-induced actin reorganization in dispersed murine gonadotrope cells. GnRHa induces the citrullination of β-tubulin, with elevated levels occurring at 30 min, and this response is attenuated in the presence of PAD inhibition. To examine the functional consequence of β-tubulin citrullination, we utilized fluorescently tagged end binding protein 1 (EB1-GFP) to track the growing plus end of microtubules (MT) in real time in transfected LβT2 cells. Time-lapse confocal microscopy of EB1-GFP reveals that the MT average lifetime increases following 30 min of GnRHa treatment, but this increase is attenuated by PAD inhibition. Taken together, our data suggest that GnRHa-induced citrullination alters actin reorganization and MT lifetime in gonadotrope cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth B. Quigley
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (E.B.Q.); (A.O.S.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Stanley B. DeVore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Division of Asthma Research, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
| | | | - Zachary M. Geisterfer
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Heather M. Rothfuss
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (E.B.Q.); (A.O.S.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Ari O. Sequoia
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (E.B.Q.); (A.O.S.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA;
| | - Jesse C. Gatlin
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA;
| | - Brian D. Cherrington
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (E.B.Q.); (A.O.S.); (A.M.N.)
| | - Amy M. Navratil
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; (E.B.Q.); (A.O.S.); (A.M.N.)
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3
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Zhang Y, Zhai W, Fan M, Wu J, Wang C. Salvianolic Acid B Significantly Suppresses the Migration of Melanoma Cells via Direct Interaction with β-Actin. Molecules 2024; 29:906. [PMID: 38398656 PMCID: PMC10892080 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive and difficult to treat of all skin cancers. Despite advances in the treatment of melanoma, the prognosis for melanoma patients remains poor, and the recurrence rate remains high. There is substantial evidence that Chinese herbals effectively prevent and treat melanoma. The bioactive ingredient Salvianolic acid B (SAB) found in Salvia miltiorrhiza, a well-known Chinese herbal with various biological functions, exhibits inhibitory activity against various cancers. A375 and mouse B16 cell lines were used to evaluate the main targets and mechanisms of SAB in inhibiting melanoma migration. Online bioinformatics analysis, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, molecular fishing, dot blot, and molecular docking assays were carried out to clarify the potential molecular mechanism. We found that SAB prevents the migration and invasion of melanoma cells by inhibiting the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process of melanoma cells. As well as interacting directly with the N-terminal domain of β-actin, SAB enhanced its compactness and stability, thereby inhibiting the migration of cells. Taken together, SAB could significantly suppress the migration of melanoma cells via direct binding with β-actin, suggesting that SAB could be a helpful supplement that may enhance chemotherapeutic outcomes and benefit melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jinjun Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Caiyan Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines of the Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicines, International Institute for Translational Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (M.F.)
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4
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Sundby LJ, Southern WM, Sun J, Patrinostro X, Zhang W, Yong J, Ervasti JM. Deletion of exons 2 and 3 from Actb and cell immortalization lead to widespread, β-actin independent alterations in gene expression associated with cell cycle control. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151397. [PMID: 38387258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytoplasmic actin proteins, β- and γ-actin, are 99% identical but thought to perform non-redundant functions. The nucleotide coding regions of cytoplasmic actin genes, Actb and Actg1, are 89% identical. Knockout (KO) of Actb by Cre-mediated deletion of first coding exons 2 and 3 in mice is embryonic lethal and fibroblasts derived from KO embryos (MEFs) fail to proliferate. In contrast, Actg1 KO MEFs display with a much milder defect in cell proliferation and Actg1 KO mice are viable, but present with increased perinatal lethality. Recent studies have identified important protein-independent functions for both Actb and Actg1 and demonstrate that deletions within the Actb nucleotide sequence, and not loss of the β-actin protein, cause the most severe phenotypes in KO mice and cells. Here, we use a multi-omics approach to better understand what drives the phenotypes of Actb KO MEFs. RNA-sequencing and mass spectrometry reveal largescale changes to the transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome in cells lacking Actb but not those only lacking β-actin protein. Pathway analysis of genes and proteins differentially expressed upon Actb KO suggest widespread dysregulation of genes involved in the cell cycle that may explain the severe defect in proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren J Sundby
- Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology, and Genetics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - William M Southern
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Jiao Sun
- Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Xiaobai Patrinostro
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Jeongsik Yong
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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5
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Haarer BK, Amberg DC, Henty-Ridilla JL. Purification of Human Cytoplasmic Actins From Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4894. [PMID: 38094253 PMCID: PMC10714149 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells rely on actin to support cellular structure, motility, transport, and a wide variety of other cytoplasmic functions and nuclear activities. Humans and other mammals express six closely related isoforms of actin, four of which are found primarily in skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle tissues. The final two isoforms, β and γ, are found in non-muscle cells. Due to the ease of purification, many biochemical studies surveying the functions of actin and its regulators have been carried out with protein purified from skeletal muscle. However, it has become increasingly clear that some activities are isoform specific, necessitating more accessible sources of non-muscle actin isoforms. Recent innovations permit the purification of non-muscle actins from human cell culture and heterologous systems, such as insect cell culture and the yeast Pichia pastoris. However, these systems generate mixtures of actin types or require additional steps to remove purification-related tags. We have developed strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (budding yeast) that express single untagged isoforms of either human non-muscle actin (β or γ) as their sole actin, allowing the purification of individual homogeneous actin isoforms by conventional purification techniques. Key features • Easy growth of yeast as a source of human cytoplasmic actin isoforms. Uses well-established actin purification methods. • The tag-free system requires no post-purification processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. Haarer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - David C. Amberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jessica L. Henty-Ridilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Paramanantham A, Asfiya R, Das S, McCully G, Srivastava A. No-stain protein labeling as a potential normalization marker for small extracellular vesicle proteins. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2023; 53:1243-1253. [PMID: 36927304 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2023.2185897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Western blot analysis of relative protein expression relies on appropriate reference proteins for data normalization. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), or exosomes, are increasingly recognized as potential indicators of the physiological state of cells due to their protein composition. Therefore, accurate relative sEVs protein quantification is crucial for disease detection and prognosis applications. Currently, no documented ubiquitous reference proteins are identified for precise normalization of a protein of interest in sEVs. Here we showed the use of total protein staining method for sEVs protein normalization in western blots of samples where conventional housekeeping proteins like β-actin and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) are not always detected in the sEVs western blots. The No-Stain™ Protein Labeling (NSPL) method showed high sensitivity in sEVs-protein labeling and facilitated quantitative evaluation of changes in the expression pattern of the protein of interest. Further, to show the robustness of NSPL for expression analysis, the results were compared with quantitative mass spectroscopy analysis results. Here, we outline a comprehensive method for protein normalization in sEVs that will increase the value of protein expression study of therapeutically significant sEVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjugam Paramanantham
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rahmat Asfiya
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Siddharth Das
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Grace McCully
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Akhil Srivastava
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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7
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Ahn H, Durang X, Shim JY, Park G, Jeon J, Park HY. Statistical modeling of mRNP transport in dendrites: A comparative analysis of β-actin and Arc mRNP dynamics. Traffic 2023; 24:522-532. [PMID: 37545033 PMCID: PMC10946522 DOI: 10.1111/tra.12913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Localization of messenger RNA (mRNA) in dendrites is crucial for regulating gene expression during long-term memory formation. mRNA binds to RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) to form messenger ribonucleoprotein (mRNP) complexes that are transported by motor proteins along microtubules to their target synapses. However, the dynamics by which mRNPs find their target locations in the dendrite have not been well understood. Here, we investigated the motion of endogenous β-actin and Arc mRNPs in dissociated mouse hippocampal neurons using the MS2 and PP7 stem-loop systems, respectively. By evaluating the statistical properties of mRNP movement, we found that the aging Lévy walk model effectively describes both β-actin and Arc mRNP transport in proximal dendrites. A critical difference between β-actin and Arc mRNPs was the aging time, the time lag between transport initiation and measurement initiation. The longer mean aging time of β-actin mRNP (~100 s) compared with that of Arc mRNP (~30 s) reflects the longer half-life of constitutively expressed β-actin mRNP. Furthermore, our model also permitted us to estimate the ratio of newly generated and pre-existing β-actin mRNPs in the dendrites. This study offers a robust theoretical framework for mRNP transport, which provides insight into how mRNPs locate their targets in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Ahn
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinneapolisUSA
| | - Xavier Durang
- Department of PhysicsPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae Youn Shim
- Department of Physics and AstronomySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Gaeun Park
- Department of Physics and AstronomySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Hyung Jeon
- Department of PhysicsPohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
- Asia Pacific Center for Theoretical PhysicsPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Hye Yoon Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMinneapolisUSA
- Department of Physics and AstronomySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Institute of Applied PhysicsSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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8
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Haarer BK, Pimm ML, de Jong EP, Amberg DC, Henty-Ridilla JL. Purification of human β- and γ-actin from budding yeast. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs260540. [PMID: 37070275 PMCID: PMC10184827 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochemical studies of human actin and its binding partners rely heavily on abundant and easily purified α-actin from skeletal muscle. Therefore, muscle actin has been used to evaluate and determine the activities of most actin regulatory proteins but there is an underlying concern that these proteins perform differently from actin present in non-muscle cells. To provide easily accessible and relatively abundant sources of human β- or γ-actin (i.e. cytoplasmic actins), we developed Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that express each as their sole source of actin. Both β- or γ-actin purified in this system polymerize and interact with various binding partners, including profilin, mDia1 (formin), fascin and thymosin-β4 (Tβ4). Notably, Tβ4 and profilin bind to β- or γ-actin with higher affinity than to α-actin, emphasizing the value of testing actin ligands with specific actin isoforms. These reagents will make specific isoforms of actin more accessible for future studies on actin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. Haarer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Morgan L. Pimm
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | | | - David C. Amberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jessica L. Henty-Ridilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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9
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Jeruzalska E, Mazur AJ. The Role of non-muscle actin paralogs in cell cycle progression and proliferation. Eur J Cell Biol 2023; 102:151315. [PMID: 37099935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2023.151315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled cell proliferation leads to several pathologies, including cancer. Thus, this process must be tightly regulated. The cell cycle accounts for cell proliferation, and its progression is coordinated with changes in cell shape, for which cytoskeleton reorganization is responsible. Rearrangement of the cytoskeleton allows for its participation in the precise division of genetic material and cytokinesis. One of the main cytoskeletal components is filamentous actin-based structures. Mammalian cells have at least six actin paralogs, four of which are muscle-specific, while two, named β- and γ-actin, are abundantly present in all types of cells. This review summarizes the findings that establish the role of non-muscle actin paralogs in regulating cell cycle progression and proliferation. We discuss studies showing that the level of a given non-muscle actin paralog in a cell influences the cell's ability to progress through the cell cycle and, thus, proliferation. Moreover, we elaborate on the non-muscle actins' role in regulating gene transcription, interactions of actin paralogs with proteins involved in controlling cell proliferation, and the contribution of non-muscle actins to different structures in a dividing cell. The data cited in this review show that non-muscle actins regulate the cell cycle and proliferation through varying mechanisms. We point to the need for further studies addressing these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estera Jeruzalska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Antonina J Mazur
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Poland.
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Shakhov AS, Kovaleva PA, Churkina AS, Kireev II, Alieva IB. Colocalization Analysis of Cytoplasmic Actin Isoforms Distribution in Endothelial Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123194. [PMID: 36551950 PMCID: PMC9775052 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton is an essential component of living cells and plays a decisive role in many cellular processes. In mammals, β- and γ-actin are cytoplasmic actin isoforms in non-muscle cells. Despite minor differences in the amino acid sequence, β- and γ-actin localize in different cell structures and perform different functions. While cytoplasmic β-actin is involved in many intracellular processes including cell contraction, γ-actin is responsible for cell mobility and promotes tumor transformation. Numerous studies demonstrate that β- and γ-actin are spatially separated in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts and epithelial cells; this separation is functionally determined. The spatial location of β/γ-actin in endothelial cells is still a subject for discussion. Using super-resolution microscopy, we investigated the β/γ-actin colocalization in endotheliocytes and showed that the β/γ-actin colocalization degree varies widely between different parts of the marginal regions and near the cell nucleus. In the basal cytoplasm, β-actin predominates, while the ratio of isoforms evens out as it moves to the apical cytoplasm. Thus, our colocalization analysis suggests that β- and γ-actin are segregated in the endotheliocyte cytoplasm. The segregation is greatly enhanced during cell lamella activation in the nocodazole-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, reflecting a different functional role of cytoplasmic actin isoforms in endothelial cells.
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11
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Li Y, Zhuang X, Niu F. Quantitative Investigation of the Link between Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics and Cellular Behavior. Micromachines (Basel) 2022; 13:1885. [PMID: 36363906 PMCID: PMC9695820 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton reorganization, which is governed by actin-associated proteins, has a close relationship with the change of cell biological behavior. However, a perceived understanding of how actin mechanical property links to cell biological property remains unclear. This paper reports a label-free biomarker to indicate this interrelationship by using the actin cytoskeleton model and optical tweezers (OT) manipulation technology. Both biophysical and biochemical methods were employed, respectively, as stimuli for two case studies. By comparing the mechanical and biological experiment results of the leukemia cells under electrical field exposure and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) under adipogenesis differentiation, we concluded that β-actin can function as an indicator in characterizing the alteration of cellular biological behavior during the change of actin cytoskeleton mechanical property. This study demonstrated an effective way to probe a quantitative understanding of how actin cytoskeleton reorganization reflects the interrelation between cell mechanical property and cell biological behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoru Zhuang
- Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fuzhou Niu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215000, China
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12
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Klimaite R, Kazokaite M, Kondrotiene A, Dauksiene D, Verkauskiene R, Zilaitiene B, Dauksa A. Diagnostic Value of Circulating Cell-free DNA in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer. Anticancer Res 2022; 42:2289-2299. [PMID: 35489725 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.15708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM We investigated whether the occurrence and development of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) might be predicted using levels of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA). MATERIALS AND METHODS The peripheral blood samples were collected from 68 patients with PTC, 31 patients with nodular goiter (NG), and 86 healthy controls (HC). The concentration of cfDNA was measured by qPCR using three primer sets: β-actin99, β-actin394 and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in plasma samples. RESULTS It was demonstrated that plasma β-actin99 and β-actin394 in the PTC group were significantly higher compared to HC (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). The cfDNA integrity index was significantly higher in the PTC patients compared to HC and NG (p<0.001, p<0.05, respectively). The cfDNA concentration in the NG group was significantly higher than in the PTC (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). Moreover, in most PTC patients with suppressed thyroglobulin, the β-actin394 and cfDNA integrity index was significantly decreased after surgery (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). ROC analysis revealed that cfDNA integrity index can be used as a potential marker in distinguishing PTC from HC (AUC 0.901, p<0.001) and NG (AUC 0.629, p<0.05). CONCLUSION Increased concentration of cfDNA β-actin99 and β-actin394 may be a valuable biomarker that differentiates PTC patients from HC. Also, an increased cfDNA integrity index may be a suitable parameter which differentiates PTC patients from NG and HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimonda Klimaite
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Mintaute Kazokaite
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Aiste Kondrotiene
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Dauksiene
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rasa Verkauskiene
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Birute Zilaitiene
- Institute of Endocrinology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Albertas Dauksa
- Institute of Digestive Research, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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13
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He QR, Cong M, Yu FH, Ji YH, Yu S, Shi HY, Ding F. Peripheral nerve fibroblasts secrete neurotrophic factors to promote axon growth of motoneurons. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:1833-1840. [PMID: 35017446 PMCID: PMC8820717 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.332159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve fibroblasts play a critical role in nerve development and regeneration. Our previous study found that peripheral nerve fibroblasts have different sensory and motor phenotypes. Fibroblasts of different phenotypes can guide the migration of Schwann cells to the same sensory or motor phenotype. In this study, we analyzed the different effects of peripheral nerve-derived fibroblasts and cardiac fibroblasts on motoneurons. Compared with cardiac fibroblasts, peripheral nerve fibroblasts greatly promoted motoneuron neurite outgrowth. Transcriptome analysis results identified 491 genes that were differentially expressed in peripheral nerve fibroblasts and cardiac fibroblasts. Among these, 130 were significantly upregulated in peripheral nerve fibroblasts compared with cardiac fibroblasts. These genes may be involved in axon guidance and neuron projection. Three days after sciatic nerve transection in rats, peripheral nerve fibroblasts accumulated in the proximal and distal nerve stumps, and most expressed brain-derived neurotrophic factor. In vitro, brain-derived neurotrophic factor secreted from peripheral nerve fibroblasts increased the expression of β-actin and F-actin through the extracellular regulated protein kinase and serine/threonine kinase pathways, and enhanced motoneuron neurite outgrowth. These findings suggest that peripheral nerve fibroblasts and cardiac fibroblasts exhibit different patterns of gene expression. Peripheral nerve fibroblasts can promote motoneuron neurite outgrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ru He
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Meng Cong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fan-Hui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu-Hua Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Shu Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hai-Yan Shi
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
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14
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Lu D, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhao G, Anwar Khan F, Chen Y, Hu C, Yang L, Chen H, Guo A. Secreted MbovP0145 Promotes IL-8 Expression through Its Interactive β-Actin and MAPK Activation and Contributes to Neutrophil Migration. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121628. [PMID: 34959583 PMCID: PMC8707762 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is an important pathogen of cattle responsible for huge economic losses in the dairy and beef industries worldwide. The proteins secreted by M. bovis are mainly related to its adhesion, invasion, virulence, and intracellular survival and play a role in mycoplasma-host interactions. In our previous study, we found MbovP0145, a secreted protein present in the M. bovis secretome, but little is known about its function. In this study, we assessed the inflammatory characteristics and underlined mechanism of this inflammation of recombinant MbovP0145 (rMbovP0145). For this, bovine lung epithelial cells (EBL) were stimulated by rMbovP0145 to see the IL-8 production in a time- and dose-dependent manner. We observed that rMbovP0145 increased the production of IL-8 via ERK1/2 and P38 pathway activation. Further, the effect of the M. bovis ΔMbov_0145 mutant and its complementary strain on IL-8 mRNA expression was also confirmed. A pulldown assay of the GST-tagged MbovP0145 protein with mass spectrometry demonstrated that β-actin could specifically interact with rMbovP0145 to mediate the IL-8 signaling. As knockdown of β-actin expression with RNA interference in EBL cells decreased the mRNA expression of IL-8 and the phosphorylated ERK1/2 and P38 proteins, whereas disrupted actin polymerization by cytochalasin D led to a significantly higher IL-8 expression and MAPK phosphorylation in rMbovP0145-stimulated cells. Compared to M. bovis HB0801 and its complementary strain, the culture supernatant of EBL cells infected with the M. bovis ΔMbov_0145 mutant induced less neutrophil migration to the lower chamber in a transwell system. In conclusion, MbovP0145 promoted IL-8 expression by interacting with β-actin through activation of the MAPK pathway, thus contributing to neutrophil migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doukun Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Farhan Anwar Khan
- Department of Animal Health, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Changmin Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liguo Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Huanchun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.L.); (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (G.Z.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (H.C.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-27-87287115
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15
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Dugina VB, Shagieva GS, Shakhov AS, Alieva IB. The Cytoplasmic Actins in the Regulation of Endothelial Cell Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157836. [PMID: 34360602 PMCID: PMC8345992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary function of the endothelial cells (EC) lining the inner surface of all vessels is to regulate permeability of vascular walls and to control exchange between circulating blood and tissue fluids of organs. The EC actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in maintaining endothelial barrier function. Actin cytoskeleton reorganization result in EC contraction and provides a structural basis for the increase in vascular permeability, which is typical for many diseases. Actin cytoskeleton in non-muscle cells presented two actin isoforms: non-muscle β-cytoplasmic and γ-cytoplasmic actins (β-actins and γ-actins), which are encoded by ACTB and ACTG1 genes, respectively. They are ubiquitously expressed in the different cells in vivo and in vitro and the β/γ-actin ratio depends on the cell type. Both cytoplasmic actins are essential for cell survival, but they perform various functions in the interphase and cell division and play different roles in neoplastic transformation. In this review, we briefly summarize the research results of recent years and consider the features of the cytoplasmic actins: The spatial organization in close connection with their functional activity in different cell types by focusing on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera B. Dugina
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.D.); (G.S.S.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Galina S. Shagieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.D.); (G.S.S.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Anton S. Shakhov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.D.); (G.S.S.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Irina B. Alieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.D.); (G.S.S.); (A.S.S.)
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya St., 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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16
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Wang XT, Cheng K, Zhu L. [Hypoxia Accelerate β-Actin Expression through Transcriptional Activation of ACTB by Nuclear Respiratory Factor-1]. Mol Biol (Mosk) 2021; 55:460-467. [PMID: 34097680 DOI: 10.31857/s0026898421030186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal protein β-actin is abundant both in the cytoplasm and the nucleus, its mRNA is commonly utilized an internal control for gene expression analysis. Recent reports demostrated that hypoxia influences the levels of β-actin in a variety of cells. The mechanism underlying this change are not yet elucidated. In this work, we show that the changes in the levels of hypoxia-induced Nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF-1) lead to the change in expression of β-actin. We compared the protein levels of NRF-1 and β-actin in gastric cancer and adjacent tissues and found their significantly upregulation in cancer (33% patitents). When gastric cancer cells and normal gastric cells were treated with 1% O2 for 48 h, the trends in expression levels of NRF-1 and β-actin were similar. When NRF-1 expression was modified by its overexpressing or silencing, the levels of β-actin changed accordingly. In β-actin gene (ACTB), three binding sites for NRF-1 were found. These sites are conserved in human, mouse and rat genomes. In ChIP experiments, we showed that NRF-1 directly binds to human ACTB and mouse Actb coding regions. Its seems that the transcription of β-actin encoding gene is NRF-1 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- X T Wang
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 226019 China
| | - K Cheng
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 226019 China
| | - L Zhu
- Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 226019 China.,
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17
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Rubfiaro AS, Tsegay PS, Lai Y, Cabello E, Shaver M, Hutcheson J, Liu Y, He J. Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy Study Reveals the Disruption of the Integrity of the Human Cell Membrane Structure by Oxidative DNA Damage. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2021; 4:1632-1639. [PMID: 34430802 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c01461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress can damage organs, tissues, and cells through reactive oxygen species (ROS) by oxidizing DNA, proteins, and lipids, thereby resulting in diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. In this study, employing scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM), we explored the early responses of human embryonic kidney (HEK293H) cells to oxidative DNA damage induced by potassium chromate (K2CrO4). We found that the short term (1-2 h) exposure to a low concentration (10 μM) of K2CrO4 damaged the lipid membrane of HEK293H cells, resulting in structural defects and depolarization of the cell membrane and reducing cellular secretion activity shortly after the treatment. We further demonstrated that the K2CrO4 treatment decreased the expression of the cytoskeleton protein, β-actin, by inducing oxidative DNA damage in the exon 4 of the β-actin gene. These results suggest that K2CrO4 caused oxidative DNA damage in cytoskeleton genes such as β-actin and reduced their expression, thereby disrupting the organization of the cytoskeleton beneath the cell membrane and inducing cell membrane damages. Our study provides direct evidence that oxidative DNA damage disrupted human cell membrane integrity by deregulating cytoskeleton gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto S Rubfiaro
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Pawlos S Tsegay
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Yanhao Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Emmanuel Cabello
- Physics Department, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Mohammad Shaver
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Joshua Hutcheson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biochemistry Ph.D. Program, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Jin He
- Physics Department and Biomolecular Science Institute, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
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18
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Yang X, Wen Y, Zhang Y, Gao F, Yang J, Yang Z, Yan C. Dynamic Changes of Cytoskeleton-Related Proteins Within Reward-Related Brain Regions in Morphine-Associated Memory. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:626348. [PMID: 33584180 PMCID: PMC7876246 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.626348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced memory engages complex and dynamic processes and is coordinated at multiple reward-related brain regions. The spatiotemporal molecular mechanisms underlying different addiction phases remain unknown. We investigated the role of β-actin, as well as its potential modulatory protein activity-regulated cytoskeletal-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), in reward-related associative learning and memory using morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice. CPP was established by alternate morphine (10 mg/kg) injections and extinguished after a 10-day extinction training, while the withdrawal group failed to extinguish without training. In the nucleus accumbens (NAc), morphine enhanced the level of β-actin and Arc only during extinction, while p-ERK1/2 was increased during both CPP acquisition and extinction phases. In the dorsal hippocampus, morphine induced an upregulation of p-ERK only during extinction, while p-β-actin was elevated during both CPP establishment and extinction. In the dorsal hippocampus, Arc was elevated during CPP formation and suppressed during extinction. Compared with the NAc and dorsal hippocampus, dynamic changes in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and caudate putamen (CPu) were not very significant. These results suggested region-specific changes of p-β-actin, Arc/Arg3.1, and p-ERK1/2 protein during establishment and extinction phases of morphine-induced CPP. These findings unveiled a spatiotemporal molecular regulation in opiate-induced plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yichong Wen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Drug Addiction Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Feifei Gao
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingsi Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuojin Yang
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunxia Yan
- College of Forensic Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.,Bio-Evidence Sciences Academy, Western China Science and Technology Innovation Harbor, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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19
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Mun SA, Park J, Park KR, Lee Y, Kang JY, Park T, Jin M, Yang J, Jun CD, Eom SH. Structural and Biochemical Characterization of EFhd1/Swiprosin-2, an Actin-Binding Protein in Mitochondria. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:628222. [PMID: 33537316 PMCID: PMC7848108 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.628222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ regulates several cellular functions, including signaling events, energy production, and cell survival. These cellular processes are mediated by Ca2+-binding proteins, such as EF-hand superfamily proteins. Among the EF-hand superfamily proteins, allograft inflammatory factor-1 (AIF-1) and swiprosin-1/EF-hand domain-containing protein 2 (EFhd2) are cytosolic actin-binding proteins. AIF-1 modulates the cytoskeleton and increases the migration of immune cells. EFhd2 is also a cytoskeletal protein implicated in immune cell activation and brain cell functions. EFhd1, a mitochondrial fraternal twin of EFhd2, mediates neuronal and pro-/pre-B cell differentiation and mitoflash activation. Although EFhd1 is important for maintaining mitochondrial morphology and energy synthesis, its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here, we report the crystal structure of the EFhd1 core domain comprising a C-terminus of a proline-rich region, two EF-hand domains, and a ligand mimic helix. Structural comparisons of EFhd1, EFhd2, and AIF-1 revealed similarities in their overall structures. In the structure of the EFhd1 core domain, two Zn2+ ions were observed at the interface of the crystal contact, suggesting the possibility of Zn2+-mediated multimerization. In addition, we found that EFhd1 has Ca2+-independent β-actin-binding and Ca2+-dependent β-actin-bundling activities. These findings suggest that EFhd1, an actin-binding and -bundling protein in the mitochondria, may contribute to the Ca2+-dependent regulation of mitochondrial morphology and energy synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang A Mun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jongseo Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Kyoung Ryoung Park
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,NuclixBio, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youngjin Lee
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Infection and Immunity Research Laboratory, Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung Youn Kang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Taein Park
- Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Minwoo Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jihyeong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Chang-Duk Jun
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Eom
- School of Life Sciences, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Steitz Center for Structural Biology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.,Department of Chemistry, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
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20
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Garner RM, Skariah G, Hadjitheodorou A, Belliveau NM, Savinov A, Footer MJ, Theriot JA. Neutrophil-like HL-60 cells expressing only GFP-tagged β-actin exhibit nearly normal motility. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2020; 77:181-196. [PMID: 32072765 PMCID: PMC7383899 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Observations of actin dynamics in living cells using fluorescence microscopy have been foundational in the exploration of the mechanisms underlying cell migration. We used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to generate neutrophil‐like HL‐60 cell lines expressing GFP‐β‐actin from the endogenous locus (ACTB). In light of many previous reports outlining functional deficiencies of labeled actin, we anticipated that HL‐60 cells would only tolerate a monoallelic edit, as biallelic edited cells would produce no normal β‐actin. Surprisingly, we recovered viable monoallelic GFP‐β‐actin cells as well as biallelic edited GFP‐β‐actin cells, in which one copy of the ACTB gene is silenced and the other contains the GFP tag. Furthermore, the edited cells migrate with similar speeds and persistence as unmodified cells in a variety of motility assays, and have nearly normal cell shapes. These results might partially be explained by our observation that GFP‐β‐actin incorporates into the F‐actin network in biallelic edited cells at similar efficiencies as normal β‐actin in unedited cells. Additionally, the edited cells significantly upregulate γ‐actin, perhaps helping to compensate for the loss of normal β‐actin. Interestingly, biallelic edited cells have only modest changes in global gene expression relative to the monoallelic line, as measured by RNA sequencing. While monoallelic edited cells downregulate expression of the tagged allele and are thus only weakly fluorescent, biallelic edited cells are quite bright and well‐suited for live cell microscopy. The nondisruptive phenotype and direct interpretability of this fluorescent tagging approach make it a promising tool for studying actin dynamics in these rapidly migrating and highly phagocytic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki M Garner
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.,Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Gemini Skariah
- Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Amalia Hadjitheodorou
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University Schools of Medicine and Engineering, Stanford, CA
| | - Nathan M Belliveau
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Andrew Savinov
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Matthew J Footer
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Julie A Theriot
- Department of Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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21
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Akimoto Y, Yan K, Miura Y, Tsumoto H, Toda T, Fukutomi T, Sugahara D, Kudo A, Arai T, Chiba Y, Kaname S, Hart GW, Endo T, Kawakami H. O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation of β-actin Ser 199 in diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1359-F1374. [PMID: 31566433 PMCID: PMC6879942 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00566.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of actin is regulated by various posttranslational modifications. We have previously shown that in the kidneys of nonobese type 2 diabetes model Goto-Kakizaki rats, increased O-GlcNAcylation of β-actin protein is observed. It has also been reported that both O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation occur on Ser199 of β-actin. However, their roles are not known. To elucidate their roles in diabetic nephropathy, we examined the rat kidney for changes in O-GlcNAcylation of Ser199 (gS199)-actin and in the phosphorylation of Ser199 (pS199)-actin. Both gS199- and pS199-actin molecules had an apparent molecular weight of 40 kDa and were localized as nonfilamentous actin in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Compared with the normal kidney, the immunostaining intensity of gS199-actin increased in podocytes of the glomeruli and in proximal tubules of the diabetic kidney, whereas that of pS199-actin did not change in podocytes but decreased in proximal tubules. We confirmed that the same results could be observed in the glomeruli of the human diabetic kidney. In podocytes of glomeruli cultured in the presence of the O-GlcNAcase inhibitor Thiamet G, increased O-GlcNAcylation was accompanied by a concomitant decrease in the amount of filamentous actin and in morphological changes. Our present results demonstrate that dysregulation of O-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation of Ser199 occurred in diabetes, which may contribute partially to the causes of the morphological changes in the glomeruli and tubules. gS199- and pS199-actin will thus be useful for the pathological evaluation of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Akimoto
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kunimasa Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Miura
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tsumoto
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tosifusa Toda
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Fukutomi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sugahara
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Kudo
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomio Arai
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Chiba
- Department of Diabetes, Metabolism and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Itabashi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinya Kaname
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gerald W Hart
- Center for Complex Carbohydrates, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Tamao Endo
- Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayato Kawakami
- Department of Anatomy, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Guo Q, Liao S, Kwiatkowski S, Tomaka W, Yu H, Wu G, Tu X, Min J, Drozak J, Xu C. Structural insights into SETD3-mediated histidine methylation on β-actin. eLife 2019; 8:43676. [PMID: 30785395 PMCID: PMC6400499 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SETD3 is a member of the SET (Su(var)3–9, Enhancer of zeste, and Trithorax) domain protein superfamily and plays important roles in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension, muscle differentiation, and carcinogenesis. Previously, we identified SETD3 as the actin-specific methyltransferase that methylates the N3 of His73 on β-actin (Kwiatkowski et al., 2018). Here, we present two structures of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine-bound SETD3 in complex with either an unmodified β-actin peptide or its His-methylated variant. Structural analyses, supported by biochemical experiments and enzyme activity assays, indicate that the recognition and methylation of β-actin by SETD3 are highly sequence specific, and that both SETD3 and β-actin adopt pronounced conformational changes upon binding to each other. In conclusion, this study is the first to show a catalytic mechanism of SETD3-mediated histidine methylation on β-actin, which not only throws light on the protein histidine methylation phenomenon but also facilitates the design of small molecule inhibitors of SETD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Guo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shanhui Liao
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Weronika Tomaka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Huijuan Yu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Gao Wu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoming Tu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jinrong Min
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jakub Drozak
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chao Xu
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biophysics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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23
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Zhang B, Wu X, Liu J, Song L, Song Q, Wang L, Yuan D, Wu Z. β-Actin: Not a Suitable Internal Control of Hepatic Fibrosis Caused by Schistosoma japonicum. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:66. [PMID: 30766520 PMCID: PMC6365423 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica is a significant health problem that leads to morbidity and mortality of humans. It is characterized by hepatic granulomatous response and fibrosis caused by eggs deposition in the liver. β-actin, a traditional housekeeping gene, is widely used as an internal control to normalize gene and protein expression. However, β-actin expression can fluctuate upon the treatment with pharmacological agents or under some physiological and pathological conditions. In this study, we found that the expressions of both β-actin mRNA and protein increased significantly with hepatic fibrosis formation after 6 weeks infection with Schistosoma japonicum and kept high level during the progression of hepatic fibrosis, while the levels of β-Tubulin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) remained stable. The dynamic change of β-actin was similar with the profibrogenic factors, including α-SMA, Collagen I, and Collagen III. We employed immunofluorescence staining and further showed that the expression level of β-actin was positively correlated with α-SMA. What is more, there was a positive correlation between the level of β-actin mRNA and the content of hydroxyproline in liver. This study provides evidences that β-actin is variable and unsatisfied for application as an internal control in hepatic fibrosis induced by S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Langui Song
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuyue Song
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lifu Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongjuan Yuan
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (SYSU), Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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24
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Eliseeva I, Vasilieva M, Ovchinnikov LP. Translation of Human β-Actin mRNA is Regulated by mTOR Pathway. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:E96. [PMID: 30700035 DOI: 10.3390/genes10020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is a well-known master regulator of growth-dependent gene expression in higher eukaryotes. Translation regulation is an important function of the mTORC1 pathway that controls the synthesis of many ribosomal proteins and translation factors. Housekeeping genes such as β-actin (ACTB) are widely used as negative control genes in studies of growth-dependent translation. Here we demonstrate that translation of both endogenous and reporter ACTB mRNA is inhibited in the presence of mTOR kinase inhibitor (Torin1) and under amino acid starvation. Notably, 5’UTR and promoter of ACTB are sufficient for the mTOR-dependent translational response, and the degree of mTOR-sensitivity of ACTB mRNA translation is cell type-dependent.
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25
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S AS, Goutham R N A, Mohan S S. In silico screening of cancer-associated mutations in the HSA domain of BRG1 and its role in affecting the Arp-HSA sub-complex of SWI/SNF. Comput Biol Chem 2018; 77:109-115. [PMID: 30286321 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable) complexes regulate the gene expression programs by remodeling the nucleosome architecture of the chromatin functional elements. These large multi-component complexes comprise eight or more subunits and are conserved from yeast to human. Noticeably, nuclear actin and actin-related proteins (Arps) are an integral part of these complexes and are known to directly interact with the helicase-SANT-associated (HSA) domain of ATPase subunit. Recently, SWI/SNF subunits are gaining importance because of the prevalence of cancer-causing mutations associated with them. The functional characterization of the mutations in the SWI/SNF subunits is important for understanding their role in tumorigenesis and identifying potential therapeutic strategies. To study the actin-related complex of human SWI/SNF and the cancer-associated mutations interfering Arp assembly with the ATPase subunit, we modelled the structure of the β-actin-BAF53A-HSA complex based on the yeast Arp-HSA complex (PDB ID: 4I6M). Seven deleterious mutations in the HSA domain of BRG1 were identified based on the functional screening of cancer-associated mutations in the COSMIC database. Detailed structural analysis of the six mutations (R466H, R469W, Y489C, K502N, R513Q and R521P) based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations reveal the distinct effect of each mutation in destabilizing the structure of the Arp-HSA complex. Predominantly we could notice the long-range effect of the HSA mutations in influencing the dynamics of the Arp subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alagu Sankareswaran S
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Sastra Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Arun Goutham R N
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Sastra Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India
| | - Suma Mohan S
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, Sastra Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, India.
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26
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Zhou SM, Tao Z, Shen C, Qian D, Wang CL, Zhou QC, Jin S. β-actin gene expression is variable among individuals and not suitable for normalizing mRNA levels in Portunus trituberculatus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 81:338-342. [PMID: 30017932 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The housekeeping gene encoding β-actin appears to be the most widely-used internal reference for gene expression studies in experimental animals or their cell lines. However, the effectiveness of β-actin to normalize mRNA levels expression in many crustacean species is still object of debate. To date, it is still unclear if β-actin is suitable to be utilized as the internal reference in qualitative real-time gene expression study in crab species. To address this concern, we evaluated 5 candidate reference genes encoding β-actin, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), cyclophilin A, elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α), and 18 S ribosomal RNA (18 S rRNA) in the swimming crabs (Portunus trituberculatus) models. Our data showed that the β-actin gene expression varied significantly across individual swimming crab individuals in gills or hemocytes and the expression of 18 S rRNA, EF1-α, cyclophilin or GAPDH gene were relatively stable compared to that of β-actin. Moreover, the expression stability of the reference genes among different tissues in normal crabs or after WSSV challenge was also tested by geNorm and NormFinder software. Among tissues, 18 S rRNA was most stably expressed in different tissues, followed by cyclophilin A and EF1-α, compared to β-actin and GAPDH. Upon to viral simulation, GAPDH was found to be the most stable internal control gene in gills and cyclophilin A was ranked as the most stable gene in hemocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Zhen Tao
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; Fishery School, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Chen Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Dong Qian
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Chun-Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Qi-Cun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Shan Jin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Applied Marine Biotechnology, School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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27
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Gao X, Wang G. Investigation on the expression stability of common reference genes in Aurelia sp.1 under hypoxia. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018; 64:26-31. [PMID: 30301498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RT-qPCR (Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) is a reliable molecular biology technique used for gene expression detection due to its high sensibility and good reproducibility. However, suitable reference genes for RT-qPCR are often not available to investigate the expression of target genes in jellyfish under different conditions. To determine the responsible genes of jellyfish under hypoxia, primers to amplify the actin gene was designed for the amplification according to the conserved actin amino acid sequences of cnidarian. Then, we cloned and sequenced the partial cDNA sequence of β-actin gene containing 849 bp nucleic acids was cloned and sequenced, and the four common housekeeping genes (18S rRNA, β-actin, α-tubulin and GAPDH) were detected. To obtain suitable reference genes, we compared the four genes under normoxia and hypoxia were determined and compared using RT-qPCR. The evaluation result shows that α-tubulin gene can be used as single reference gene, and α-tubulin and β-actin can be served as multiple reference genes to study relative gene expression related to hypoxic tolerance of Aurelia sp.1. This research will establish foundation to reveal the molecular mechanism of jellyfish under hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China2. Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
| | - Guoshan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China2. Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, 238 Songling Road, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China
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28
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Turner-Bridger B, Jakobs M, Muresan L, Wong HH, Franze K, Harris WA, Holt CE. Single-molecule analysis of endogenous β-actin mRNA trafficking reveals a mechanism for compartmentalized mRNA localization in axons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E9697-706. [PMID: 30254174 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1806189115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
De novo protein synthesis in neuronal axons plays important roles in neural circuit formation, maintenance, and disease. Key to the selectivity of axonal protein synthesis is whether an mRNA is present at the right place to be translated, but the mechanisms behind axonal mRNA localization remain poorly understood. In this work, we quantitatively analyze the link between axonal β-actin mRNA trafficking and its localization patterns. By developing a single-molecule approach to live-image β-actin mRNAs in axons, we explore the biophysical drivers behind β-actin mRNA motion and uncover a mechanism for generating increased density at the axon tip by differences in motor protein-driven transport speeds. These results provide mechanistic insight into the control of local translation through mRNA trafficking. During embryonic nervous system assembly, mRNA localization is precisely regulated in growing axons, affording subcellular autonomy by allowing controlled protein expression in space and time. Different sets of mRNAs exhibit different localization patterns across the axon. However, little is known about how mRNAs move in axons or how these patterns are generated. Here, we couple molecular beacon technology with highly inclined and laminated optical sheet microscopy to image single molecules of identified endogenous mRNA in growing axons. By combining quantitative single-molecule imaging with biophysical motion models, we show that β-actin mRNA travels mainly as single copies and exhibits different motion-type frequencies in different axonal subcompartments. We find that β-actin mRNA density is fourfold enriched in the growth cone central domain compared with the axon shaft and that a modicum of directed transport is vital for delivery of mRNA to the axon tip. Through mathematical modeling we further demonstrate that directional differences in motor-driven mRNA transport speeds are sufficient to generate β-actin mRNA enrichment at the growth cone. Our results provide insight into how mRNAs are trafficked in axons and a mechanism for generating different mRNA densities across axonal subcompartments.
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29
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Leung KM, Lu B, Wong HHW, Lin JQ, Turner-Bridger B, Holt CE. Cue-Polarized Transport of β-actin mRNA Depends on 3'UTR and Microtubules in Live Growth Cones. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:300. [PMID: 30250426 PMCID: PMC6139529 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Guidance cues trigger fast responses in axonal growth cones such as directional turning and collapse that require local protein synthesis. An attractive cue-gradient, such as Netrin-1, triggers de novo synthesis of β-actin localized to the near-side compartment of the growth cone that promotes F-actin assembly and attractive steering. How this precise spatial asymmetry in mRNA translation arises across the small expanse of the growth cone is poorly understood. Pre-localized mRNAs in the vicinity of activated receptors could be selectively translated and/or new mRNAs could be trafficked into the area. Here we have performed live imaging of fluorescent-tagged β-actin mRNA to investigate mRNA trafficking dynamics in Xenopus retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons and growth cones in response to Netrin-1. A Netrin-1 gradient was found to elicit the transport of β-actin mRNA granules to the near-side of growth cones within a 4-7 min window. This polarized mRNA trafficking depended on the 3' untranslated region (UTR) since mRNA-Δ3'UTR mutant failed to exhibit cue-induced localization. Global application of Netrin-1 significantly increased the anterograde movement of β-actin mRNA along axons and also promoted microtubule-dependent mRNA excursions from the central domain of the growth cone into the periphery (filopodia and lamellipodia). Dual channel imaging revealed β-actin mRNA riding behind the microtubule plus-end tracking protein, EB1, in movements along dynamic microtubules into filopodia. The mRNA-EB1 movements were unchanged by a Netrin-1 gradient indicating the dynamic microtubules themselves do not underlie the cue-induced polarity of RNA movement. Finally, fast-moving elongated "worm-like" trains of Cy3-RNA, distinct from mitochondria, were seen transporting RNA along axons in vitro and in vivo suggesting the existence of a novel transport organelle. Overall, the results provide evidence that the axonal trafficking of β-actin mRNA can be regulated by the guidance cue Netrin-1 to transduce the polarity of an extracellular stimulus and that the 3'UTR is essential for this cue-induced regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christine E. Holt
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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30
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Abstract
Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells and plays important roles in a variety of cellular functions. However, it has been difficult to produce actin in substantial amounts using bacterial expression systems. In this article, a new method is described for the production of recombinant actin in bacterial cells. Human β-actin (His-tagged) can be expressed using a cold shock vector, pCold, in a bacterial expression system and then separated with a Ni-chelating resin, followed by a polymerization/depolymerization cycle or column chromatography with the Ni-chelating resin. The purified recombinant β-actin shows normal polymerization ability compared with commercially available β-actin purified from human platelets. This article also describes the preparation of mutant actin(G168R). This purified mutant exhibits impaired polymerization ability. The system and procedures described here will provide a useful method for the production of actin isoforms and their mutants. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Tamura
- School of Science and Engineering-Applied Chemistry, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
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31
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Patrinostro X, Roy P, Lindsay A, Chamberlain CM, Sundby LJ, Starker CG, Voytas DF, Ervasti JM, Perrin BJ. Essential nucleotide- and protein-dependent functions of Actb/ β-actin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:7973-8. [PMID: 30012594 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807895115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The highly similar cytoplasmic β- and γ-actins differ by only four functionally similar amino acids, yet previous in vitro and in vivo data suggest that they support unique functions due to striking phenotypic differences between Actb and Actg1 null mouse and cell models. To determine whether the four amino acid variances were responsible for the functional differences between cytoplasmic actins, we gene edited the endogenous mouse Actb locus to translate γ-actin protein. The resulting mice and primary embryonic fibroblasts completely lacked β-actin protein, but were viable and did not present with the most overt and severe cell and organismal phenotypes observed with gene knockout. Nonetheless, the edited mice exhibited progressive high-frequency hearing loss and degeneration of actin-based stereocilia as previously reported for hair cell-specific Actb knockout mice. Thus, β-actin protein is not required for general cellular functions, but is necessary to maintain auditory stereocilia.
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Madsen AB, Knudsen JR, Henriquez-Olguin C, Angin Y, Zaal KJ, Sylow L, Schjerling P, Ralston E, Jensen TE. β-Actin shows limited mobility and is required only for supraphysiological insulin-stimulated glucose transport in young adult soleus muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315. [PMID: 29533739 PMCID: PMC6087721 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00392.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Studies in skeletal muscle cell cultures suggest that the cortical actin cytoskeleton is a major requirement for insulin-stimulated glucose transport, implicating the β-actin isoform, which in many cell types is the main actin isoform. However, it is not clear that β-actin plays such a role in mature skeletal muscle. Neither dependency of glucose transport on β-actin nor actin reorganization upon glucose transport have been tested in mature muscle. To investigate the role of β-actin in fully differentiated muscle, we performed a detailed characterization of wild type and muscle-specific β-actin knockout (KO) mice. The effects of the β-actin KO were subtle; however, we confirmed the previously reported decline in running performance of β-actin KO mice compared with wild type during repeated maximal running tests. We also found insulin-stimulated glucose transport into incubated muscles reduced in soleus but not in extensor digitorum longus muscle of young adult mice. Contraction-stimulated glucose transport trended toward the same pattern, but the glucose transport phenotype disappeared in soleus muscles from mature adult mice. No genotype-related differences were found in body composition or glucose tolerance or by indirect calorimetry measurements. To evaluate β-actin mobility in mature muscle, we electroporated green fluorescent protein (GFP)-β-actin into flexor digitorum brevis muscle fibers and measured fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. GFP-β-actin showed limited unstimulated mobility and no changes after insulin stimulation. In conclusion, β-actin is not required for glucose transport regulation in mature mouse muscle under the majority of the tested conditions. Thus, our work reveals fundamental differences in the role of the cortical β-actin cytoskeleton in mature muscle compared with cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnete B Madsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Jonas R Knudsen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Carlos Henriquez-Olguin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
- Centro de Estudios Moleculares de la Célula, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile ; Laboratory of Exercise Sciences, Clínica MEDS, Santiago , Chile
| | - Yeliz Angin
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kristien J Zaal
- Light Imaging Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bispebjerg Hospital , Copenhagen , Denmark
- Center of Healthy Aging, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Evelyn Ralston
- Light Imaging Section, Office of Science and Technology, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
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Xie X, Percipalle P. Elevated transforming growth factor β signaling activation in β-actin-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts enhances myofibroblast features. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:8884-8895. [PMID: 29851084 PMCID: PMC6220129 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Signaling by the transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) is an essential pathway regulating a variety of cellular events. TGF‐β is produced as a latent protein complex and is required to be activated before activating the receptor. The mechanical force at the cell surface is believed to be a mechanism for latent TGF‐β activation. Using β‐actin null mouse embryonic fibroblasts as a model, in which actin cytoskeleton and cell‐surface biophysical features are dramatically altered, we reveal increased TGF‐β1 activation and the upregulation of TGF‐β target genes. In β‐actin null cells, we show evidence that the enhanced TGF‐β signaling relies on the active utilization of latent TGF‐β1 in the cell culture medium. TGF‐β signaling activation contributes to the elevated reactive oxygen species production, which is likely mediated by the upregulation of Nox4. The previously observed myofibroblast phenotype of β‐actin null cells is inhibited by TGF‐β signaling inhibition, while the expression of actin cytoskeleton genes and angiogenic phenotype are not affected. Together, our study shows a scenario that the alteration of the actin cytoskeleton and the consequent changes in cellular biophysical features lead to changes in cell signaling process such as TGF‐β activation, which in turn contributes to the enhanced myofibroblast phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Biology Program, Science Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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O'Connell GC, Treadway MB, Petrone AB, Tennant CS, Lucke-Wold N, Chantler PD, Barr TL. Leukocyte Dynamics Influence Reference Gene Stability in Whole Blood: Data-Driven qRT-PCR Normalization Is a Robust Alternative for Measurement of Transcriptional Biomarkers. Lab Med 2018; 48:346-356. [PMID: 29069468 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmx035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The use of reference genes for normalization of whole blood qRT-PCR data may be problematic in conditions such as stroke which induce alterations in white blood cell differential. In this study, we assessed the influence of stroke on the stability of commonly employed reference genes, and we evaluated data-driven normalization as an alternative. Methods Peripheral whole blood was sampled from 33 stroke patients and 29 controls, and qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression levels of 10 target genes whose transcripts are known stroke biomarkers. Target gene expression levels were normalized via those of 2 frequently cited reference genes (ACTB and B2M) as well as with the NORMA-Gene data-driven normalization algorithm. Results Whole blood expression levels of reference genes were significantly altered in stroke patients relative to controls. In comparison to normalization via reference genes, NORMA-Gene produced more robust target gene expression data in terms of differential expression dynamics, variance properties, and diagnostic performance. Conclusions Our findings suggest that whole blood expression levels of commonly used reference genes may be sensitive to changes in white blood cell differential, and that data-driven qRT-PCR normalization approaches offer a powerful alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant C O'Connell
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy
| | | | - Ashley B Petrone
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center
| | - Connie S Tennant
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center
| | - Noelle Lucke-Wold
- Center for Basic and Translational Stroke Research, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center
| | - Paul D Chantler
- Center for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences, Robert C. Byrd Health Sciences Center.,Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia
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Xie X, Deliorman M, Qasaimeh MA, Percipalle P. The relative composition of actin isoforms regulates cell surface biophysical features and cellular behaviors. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:1079-1090. [PMID: 29410074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell surface mechanics is able to physically and biomechanically affect cell shape and motility, vesicle trafficking and actin dynamics. The biophysical properties of cell surface are strongly influenced by cytoskeletal elements. In mammals, tissue-specific expression of six actin isoforms is thought to confer differential biomechanical properties. However, the relative contribution of actin isoforms to cell surface properties is not well understood. Here, we sought to investigate whether and how the composition of endogenous actin isoforms directly affects the biomechanical features of cell surface and cellular behavior. METHODS We used fibroblasts isolated from wild type (WT), heterozygous (HET) and from knockout (KO) mouse embryos where both β-actin alleles are not functional. We applied a combination of genome-wide analysis and biophysical methods such as RNA-seq and atomic force microscopy. RESULTS We found that endogenous β-actin levels are essential in controlling cell surface stiffness and pull-off force, which was not compensated by the up-regulation of other actin isoforms. The variations of surface biophysical features and actin contents were associated with distinct cell behaviors in 2D and 3D WT, HET and KO cell cultures. Since β-actin in WT cells and smooth muscle α-actin up-regulated in KO cells showed different organization patterns, our data support the differential localization and organization as a mechanism to regulate the biophysical properties of cell surface by actin isoforms. CONCLUSIONS We propose that variations in actin isoforms composition impact on the biophysical features of cell surface and cause the changes in cell behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xie
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammedin Deliorman
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohammad A Qasaimeh
- Engineering Division, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, USA
| | - Piergiorgio Percipalle
- Science Division, Biology Program, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Abstract
Globular (G)-actin, the actin monomer, assembles into polarized filaments that form networks that can provide structural support, generate force and organize the cell. Many of these structures are highly dynamic and to maintain them, the cell relies on a large reserve of monomers. Classically, the G-actin pool has been thought of as homogenous. However, recent work has shown that actin monomers can exist in distinct groups that can be targeted to specific networks, where they drive and modify filament assembly in ways that can have profound effects on cellular behavior. This Review focuses on the potential factors that could create functionally distinct pools of actin monomers in the cell, including differences between the actin isoforms and the regulation of G-actin by monomer binding proteins, such as profilin and thymosin β4. Owing to difficulties in studying and visualizing G-actin, our knowledge over the precise role that specific actin monomer pools play in regulating cellular actin dynamics remains incomplete. Here, we discuss some of these unanswered questions and also provide a summary of the methodologies currently available for the imaging of G-actin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Skruber
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Tracy-Ann Read
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Eric A Vitriol
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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O'Rourke AR, Lindsay A, Tarpey MD, Yuen S, McCourt P, Nelson DM, Perrin BJ, Thomas DD, Spangenburg EE, Lowe DA, Ervasti JM. Impaired muscle relaxation and mitochondrial fission associated with genetic ablation of cytoplasmic actin isoforms. FEBS J 2018; 285:481-500. [PMID: 29265728 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
While α-actin isoforms predominate in adult striated muscle, skeletal muscle-specific knockouts (KOs) of nonmuscle cytoplasmic βcyto - or γcyto -actin each cause a mild, but progressive myopathy effected by an unknown mechanism. Using transmission electron microscopy, we identified morphological abnormalities in both the mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) in aged muscle-specific βcyto - and γcyto -actin KO mice. We found βcyto - and γcyto -actin proteins to be enriched in isolated mitochondrial-associated membrane preparations, which represent the interface between mitochondria and sarco-endoplasmic reticulum important in signaling and mitochondrial dynamics. We also measured significantly elongated and interconnected mitochondrial morphologies associated with a significant decrease in mitochondrial fission events in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking βcyto - and/or γcyto -actin. Interestingly, mitochondrial respiration in muscle was not measurably affected as oxygen consumption was similar in skeletal muscle fibers from 12 month-old muscle-specific βcyto - and γcyto -actin KO mice. Instead, we found that the maximal rate of relaxation after isometric contraction was significantly slowed in muscles of 12-month-old βcyto - and γcyto -actin muscle-specific KO mice. Our data suggest that impaired Ca2+ re-uptake may presage development of the observed SR morphological changes in aged mice while providing a potential pathological mechanism for the observed myopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison R O'Rourke
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Angus Lindsay
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael D Tarpey
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Samantha Yuen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Preston McCourt
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D'anna M Nelson
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Benjamin J Perrin
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David D Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Espen E Spangenburg
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Dawn A Lowe
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - James M Ervasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Cuvertino S, Stuart HM, Chandler KE, Roberts NA, Armstrong R, Bernardini L, Bhaskar S, Callewaert B, Clayton-Smith J, Davalillo CH, Deshpande C, Devriendt K, Digilio MC, Dixit A, Edwards M, Friedman JM, Gonzalez-Meneses A, Joss S, Kerr B, Lampe AK, Langlois S, Lennon R, Loget P, Ma DY, McGowan R, Des Medt M, O’Sullivan J, Odent S, Parker MJ, Pebrel-Richard C, Petit F, Stark Z, Stockler-Ipsiroglu S, Tinschert S, Vasudevan P, Villa O, White SM, Zahir FR, Woolf AS, Banka S, Banka S. ACTB Loss-of-Function Mutations Result in a Pleiotropic Developmental Disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:1021-1033. [PMID: 29220674 PMCID: PMC5812896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ACTB encodes β-actin, an abundant cytoskeletal housekeeping protein. In humans, postulated gain-of-function missense mutations cause Baraitser-Winter syndrome (BRWS), characterized by intellectual disability, cortical malformations, coloboma, sensorineural deafness, and typical facial features. To date, the consequences of loss-of-function ACTB mutations have not been proven conclusively. We describe heterozygous ACTB deletions and nonsense and frameshift mutations in 33 individuals with developmental delay, apparent intellectual disability, increased frequency of internal organ malformations (including those of the heart and the renal tract), growth retardation, and a recognizable facial gestalt (interrupted wavy eyebrows, dense eyelashes, wide nose, wide mouth, and a prominent chin) that is distinct from characteristics of individuals with BRWS. Strikingly, this spectrum overlaps with that of several chromatin-remodeling developmental disorders. In wild-type mouse embryos, β-actin expression was prominent in the kidney, heart, and brain. ACTB mRNA expression levels in lymphoblastic lines and fibroblasts derived from affected individuals were decreased in comparison to those in control cells. Fibroblasts derived from an affected individual and ACTB siRNA knockdown in wild-type fibroblasts showed altered cell shape and migration, consistent with known roles of cytoplasmic β-actin. We also demonstrate that ACTB haploinsufficiency leads to reduced cell proliferation, altered expression of cell-cycle genes, and decreased amounts of nuclear, but not cytoplasmic, β-actin. In conclusion, we show that heterozygous loss-of-function ACTB mutations cause a distinct pleiotropic malformation syndrome with intellectual disability. Our biological studies suggest that a critically reduced amount of this protein alters cell shape, migration, proliferation, and gene expression to the detriment of brain, heart, and kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, M13 9WL Manchester, UK.
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Chen X, Zheng J, Cai J, Li H, Li S, Wang L, Cheng D, Chen H, Yang Y, Chen G, Zhang Q, Peng Y, Wang Q, Wang G. The cytoskeleton protein β-actin may mediate T cell apoptosis during acute rejection reaction after liver transplantation in a rat model. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:4888-4901. [PMID: 29218087 PMCID: PMC5714773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins and associated regulatory proteins are essential for maintaining cell structure and growth. β-actin is a major component of the cytoskeleton, and β-actin remodeling is involved in lymphocyte migration, infiltration and apoptosis. However, little is known about whether changes in β-actin expression affect lymphocyte cell fate, particularly during acute rejection after liver transplantation in a rat model. In our studies, grafts were harvested on days 5, 7 or 9 after xenogeneic rat liver transplantation. The acute rejection grade was histopathologically evaluated. Recipient-derived CD8+ T lymphocytes gradually infiltrated into liver allografts in cases of severe acute rejection. The apoptotic rate of CD8+ T lymphocytes peaked on day 7 and then decreased. Moreover, changes in β-actin expression were consistent with the apoptotic rate of CD8+ T lymphocytes in both allografts and peripheral blood based on western blotting and immunohistochemistry results. Additionally, jasplakinolide (an actin-stabilizing drug) evoked CD8+ T lymphocyte apoptosis. In conclusion, our study is the first to describe the fluctuating expression levels and dynamics of the cytoskeletal protein β-actin and its potential roles in the pathogenesis of acute rejection following rat liver transplantion. Our results enhance the understanding of the roles of CD8+ T lymphocytes during acute rejection and suggest that β-actin regulation leads to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolong Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jianye Cai
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shihui Li
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Daorou Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Huaxin Chen
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Guihua Chen
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanwen Peng
- Biotherapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Cell-Gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiyou Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Genshu Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Liver Transplantation, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen UniversityGuangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
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Wong HHW, Lin JQ, Ströhl F, Roque CG, Cioni JM, Cagnetta R, Turner-Bridger B, Laine RF, Harris WA, Kaminski CF, Holt CE. RNA Docking and Local Translation Regulate Site-Specific Axon Remodeling In Vivo. Neuron 2017; 95:852-868.e8. [PMID: 28781168 PMCID: PMC5563073 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Nascent proteins can be positioned rapidly at precise subcellular locations by local protein synthesis (LPS) to facilitate localized growth responses. Axon arbor architecture, a major determinant of synaptic connectivity, is shaped by localized growth responses, but it is unknown whether LPS influences these responses in vivo. Using high-resolution live imaging, we examined the spatiotemporal dynamics of RNA and LPS in retinal axons during arborization in vivo. Endogenous RNA tracking reveals that RNA granules dock at sites of branch emergence and invade stabilized branches. Live translation reporter analysis reveals that de novo β-actin hotspots colocalize with docked RNA granules at the bases and tips of new branches. Inhibition of axonal β-actin mRNA translation disrupts arbor dynamics primarily by reducing new branch emergence and leads to impoverished terminal arbors. The results demonstrate a requirement for LPS in building arbor complexity and suggest a key role for pre-synaptic LPS in assembling neural circuits. Tracking endogenous RNA shows that RNA docking predicts axon branch emergence in vivo Axon arbor complexity in vivo depends on local protein synthesis Axonal β-actin synthesis regulates branching by increased branch initiation Live imaging reveals de novo synthesis of β-actin hotspots during branch formation
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Affiliation(s)
- Hovy Ho-Wai Wong
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Julie Qiaojin Lin
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Florian Ströhl
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Cláudio Gouveia Roque
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Jean-Michel Cioni
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Roberta Cagnetta
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Benita Turner-Bridger
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Romain F Laine
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - William A Harris
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Christine E Holt
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK.
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Dugina V, Alieva I, Khromova N, Kireev I, Gunning PW, Kopnin P. Interaction of microtubules with the actin cytoskeleton via cross-talk of EB1-containing +TIPs and γ-actin in epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:72699-72715. [PMID: 27683037 PMCID: PMC5341938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin microfilaments and microtubules are both highly dynamic cytoskeleton components implicated in a wide range of intracellular processes as well as cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions. The interactions of actin filaments with the microtubule system play an important role in the assembly and maintenance of 3D cell structure. Here we demonstrate that cytoplasmic actins are differentially distributed in relation to the microtubule system. LSM, 3D-SIM, proximity ligation assay (PLA) and co-immunoprecipitation methods applied in combination with selective depletion of β- or γ-cytoplasmic actins revealed a selective interaction between microtubules and γ-, but not β-cytoplasmic actin via the microtubule +TIPs protein EB1. EB1-positive comet distribution analysis and quantification have shown more effective microtubule growth in the absence of β-actin. Our data represent the first demonstration that microtubule +TIPs protein EB1 interacts mainly with γ-cytoplasmic actin in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Dugina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- School of Medical Science, The University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Irina Alieva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- School of Medical Science, The University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Igor Kireev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter W. Gunning
- School of Medical Science, The University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pavel Kopnin
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
Gelatin zymography and immunoblot are widely used gel electrophoresis techniques to study matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Zymography is exquisitely sensitive but offers no loading control to ensure equal sample loading. Immunoblot is 100–1000-fold less sensitive, but allows for the probing of a sample loading control such as β-actin to ensure accurate protein loading. In this report, we describe two simple protocols that combine gelatin zymography to study MMP-2 and -9 levels with an in-gel β-actin immunoblot loading control, thus combining sensitivity and accuracy in a single assay. The protocols incorporate the loading of molecular weight markers to demarcate MMP-2/-9 from the β-actin. The first protocol utilizes the overlay of a 10% zymography gel over a 5% Tris-Glycine separating gel from which the β-actin is transferred. The second protocol involves the direct transfer of the β-actin from a single 10% zymography gel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Govindasamy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3-E Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G E1; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, 3-E Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G E1
| | - MengJie Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, 3-E Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G E1; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 3-E Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G E1
| | - Paul Jurasz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 3-E Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G E1; Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, 3-E Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G E1; Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, 3-E Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G E1; Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, University of Alberta, 3-E Katz Group-Rexall Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, 11361-87 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G E1
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Yoon YJ, Wu B, Buxbaum AR, Das S, Tsai A, English BP, Grimm JB, Lavis LD, Singer RH. Glutamate-induced RNA localization and translation in neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E6877-86. [PMID: 27791158 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614267113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization of mRNA is required for protein synthesis to occur within discrete intracellular compartments. Neurons represent an ideal system for studying the precision of mRNA trafficking because of their polarized structure and the need for synapse-specific targeting. To investigate this targeting, we derived a quantitative and analytical approach. Dendritic spines were stimulated by glutamate uncaging at a diffraction-limited spot, and the localization of single β-actin mRNAs was measured in space and time. Localization required NMDA receptor activity, a dynamic actin cytoskeleton, and the transacting RNA-binding protein, Zipcode-binding protein 1 (ZBP1). The ability of the mRNA to direct newly synthesized proteins to the site of localization was evaluated using a Halo-actin reporter so that RNA and protein were detected simultaneously. Newly synthesized Halo-actin was enriched at the site of stimulation, required NMDA receptor activity, and localized preferentially at the periphery of spines. This work demonstrates that synaptic activity can induce mRNA localization and local translation of β-actin where the new actin participates in stabilizing the expanding synapse in dendritic spines.
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Chen G, Zou Y, Zhang X, Xu L, Hu Q, Li T, Yao C, Yu S, Wang X, Wang C. β-Actin protein expression differs in the submandibular glands of male and female mice. Cell Biol Int 2016; 40:779-86. [PMID: 27079296 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
β-actin, a cytoskeletal protein, is the most widely used housekeeping gene. Although housekeeping genes are expressed in all tissues, the β-actin gene is expressed in certain cell types because of differential binding of transcriptional factors to the regulatory elements of the gene. The expression and localization of β-actin protein in the submandibular glands (SMG) of mice were investigated in this study, using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. In ICR and C57BL/6J mice, the levels of β-actin protein in the SMG of females are significantly higher than those in the SMG of males. β-actin protein is majorly distributed in acinar cells of SMG. There is no significant difference in the expression level of β-actin protein between females and castrated males. After castrated male ICR mice are treated with 10 mg/kg/day testosterone propionate (TP) for 3 weeks, the levels of β-actin protein in SMG decrease. The numbers of duct per unit area increase, whereas the numbers of acinus per unit area decrease after TP administration. These data suggest that β-actin protein is mainly distributed in acinar cells of SMG and results in a marked sexual dimorphism in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ye Zou
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Shanghai, 201508, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingfei Xu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiaoyun Hu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenjuan Yao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shali Yu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoke Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226007, Jiangsu, China
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Wang J, Yao Y, Wu J, Deng Z, Gu T, Tang X, Cheng Y, Li G. The mechanism of cytoskeleton protein β-actin and cofilin-1 of macrophages infected by Mycobacterium avium. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:1055-1063. [PMID: 27158391 PMCID: PMC4846948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cytoskeleton proteins and their regulation proteins could be influenced seriously in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection host cells leading to the apoptosis of host cells. Macrophages infected by Mycobacterium avium were detected from cell morphology and genome levels to analyze changes of the cytoskeleton of M. avium infection macrophages. Then the expression of β-actin, cofilin-1 proteins in M. avium infected macrophages were analyzed by western blotting, and the apoptosis of M. avium infection macrophages were tested by flow cytometry. Results indicated that the morphology and genomic DNA of M. avium infection macrophages were not damaged significantly. Meanwhile, β-actin gene and its proteins in M. avium infection macrophages were both decreased, but its regulatory protein cofilin-1 was expressed conversely. Furthermore, macrophages could be induced to apoptosis due to M. avium infection by cytoskeleton changes. These findings contributed us to understand that macrophages infected by M. avium could be lead to apoptosis by regulating cytoskeleton protein β-actin or its regulatory protein cofilin-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityKunshan 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongliang Yao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityKunshan 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhong Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityKunshan 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Deng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityKunshan 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityKunshan 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityKunshan 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kunshan First People’s Hospital, Affiliated to Jiangsu UniversityKunshan 215300, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Li
- Department of Pathology, Chong Qing Cancer InstituteChongqing 400030, People’s Republic of China
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Andrade LR. Evidence for changes in beta- and gamma-actin proportions during inner ear hair cell life. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2015; 72:282-91. [PMID: 26033950 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic actin isoforms beta (β-) and gamma (γ-) perform crucial physiological roles in inner ear hair cells (HC). The stereocilium, which is structured by parallel actin filaments composed of both isoforms, is the responsive organelle to mechanical stimuli such as sound, gravity and head movements. Modifications in isoform proportions affect the function of the stereocilia as previously shown in genetic studies of mutant mice. Here, immunogold labeling TEM studies in mice showed that both β- and γ-actin isoforms colocalize throughout stereocilia actin filaments, adherens junctions and cuticular plates as early as embryonic stage 16.5. Gold-particle quantification indicated that there was 40% more γ- actin than β-actin at E16.5. In contrast, β- and γ-actin were equally concentrated in adult stereocilia of cochlear and vestibular HC. Interestingly, all actin-based structures presented almost five-fold more β-actin than γ-actin in 22 month- old mice, suggesting that γ-actin is probably under-expressed during the aging process. These data provide evidence of dynamic modifications of the actin isoforms in stereocilia, cuticular plates and cell junctions during the whole HC life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R Andrade
- Laboratory of Cell Structure and Dynamics, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.,Laboratory of Biomineralization, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brazil
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Nazari F, Parham A, Maleki AF. GAPDH, β-actin and β2-microglobulin, as three common reference genes, are not reliable for gene expression studies in equine adipose- and marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. J Anim Sci Technol 2015; 57:18. [PMID: 26290738 PMCID: PMC4540241 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-015-0050-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Quantitative real time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) is one of the most important techniques for gene-expression analysis in molecular based studies. Selecting a proper internal control gene for normalizing data is a crucial step in gene expression analysis via this method. The expression levels of reference genes should be remained constant among cells in different tissues. However, it seems that the location of cells in different tissues might influence their expression. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has any effect on expression level of three common reference genes (GAPDH, β-actin and β2-microglobulin) in equine marrow- and adipose- derived undifferentiated MSCs and consequently their reliability for comparative qRT-PCR. Materials and methods Adipose tissue (AT) and bone marrow (BM) samples were harvested from 3 mares. MSCs were isolated and cultured until passage 3 (P3). Total RNA of P3 cells was extracted for cDNA synthesis. The generated cDNAs were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The PCR reactions were ended with a melting curve analysis to verify the specificity of amplicon. Results The expression levels of GAPDH were significantly different between AT- and BM- derived MSCs (p < 0.05). Differences in expression level of β-actin (P < 0.001) and B2M (P < 0.006.) between MSCs derived from AT and BM were substantially higher than GAPDH. In addition, the fold change in expression levels of GAPDH, β-actin and B2M in AT-derived MSCs compared to BM-derived MSCs were 2.38, 6.76 and 7.76, respectively. Conclusion This study demonstrated that GAPDH and especially β-actin and B2M express in different levels in equine AT- and BM- derived MSCs. Thus they cannot be considered as reliable reference genes for comparative quantitative gene expression analysis in MSCs derived from equine bone marrow and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Nazari
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Abbas Parham
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran ; Embryonic and Stem Cell Biology and Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Adham Fani Maleki
- Division of Physiology, Department of Basic Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Amini N, Vishteh MN, Zarei O, Hadavi R, Ahmadvand N, Rabbani H, Jeddi-Tehrani M. Production and characterization of polyclonal antibody against a synthetic peptide from β-actin protein. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2014; 17:396-400. [PMID: 25140199 PMCID: PMC4137948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antibodies against actin, as one of the most widely studied structural and multifunctional housekeeping proteins in eukaryotic cells, are used as internal loading controls in western blot analyses. The aim of this study was to produce polyclonal antibody against a synthetic peptide derived from N-terminal region of β-actin protein to be used as a protein loading control in western blot and other assay systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS A synthetic peptide derived from β-actin protein was designed and conjugated to Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and used to immunize a white New Zealand rabbit. The antibody was purified from serum by affinity chromatography column. The purity of the antibody was determined by SDS-PAGE and its ability to recognize the immunizing peptide was measured by ELISA. The reactivity of the antibody with β-actin protein in a panel of different cell lysates was then evaluated by western blot. In addition, the reactivity of the antibody with the corresponding protein was also evaluated by Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry in different samples. RESULTS The antibody could recognize the immunizing peptide in ELISA. It could also recognize β-actin protein in western blot as well as in immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that this antibody may be used as an internal control in western blot analyses as well as in other immunological applications such as ELISA, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazila Amini
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran,Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Omid Zarei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Hadavi
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negah Ahmadvand
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hodjattallah Rabbani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani
- Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Mahmood Jeddi-Tehrani. Monoclonal Antibody Research Center, Avicenna Research Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Tel: +98-21-22432020; Fax: +98-21-22432021; ,
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Tang Q, Shang F, Wang X, Yang Y, Chen G, Chen Y, Zhang J, Xu X. Combination use of ferulic acid, ligustrazine and tetrahydropalmatine inhibits the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue: a multi-target therapy for endometriosis rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 151:1218-1225. [PMID: 24389027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ferulic acid (FA), ligustrazine (LZ) and tetrahydropalmatine (THP) are separately isolated from Chinese Angelica, Szechwan Lovage Rhizome and Rhizoma in the Jiawei-Foshou-San formula, a popular traditional Chinese medicine for irregular menses. It has been reported that the combination use of FA+LZ+THP has similar effect on endometriosis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study was to investigate the combination effects and mechanisms of FA+LZ+THP on endometriosis rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty endometriosis rats were intragastricly treated with FA+LZ+THP for 4 wk. The volume of ectopic endometrial tissue was measured to evaluate the effects. Then the changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and ERE pathway were indicated by the levels of E2, GnRH, FSH and LH, and the expressions of ER, HSP90 and COX-2, respectively. In addition, peritoneal macrophages of each rat were cultured in vitro and treated with (FA+LZ+THP)-medicated serum for 24h. The proliferation and phagocytosis abilities, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, and the expression of IκBα were then measured for the changes of peritoneal macrophage activities. RESULTS Combination use of FA+LZ+THP diminished the volume of the ectopic endometrial tissues (P<0.05 or P<0.01). It also decreased the E2 level, suppressed the expression of GnRH, FSH and LH, and decreased the protein expression of ER, HSP90 and COX-2 (all P<0.05 or P<0.01). The phagocytosis ability of peritoneal macrophage was enhanced by (FA+LZ+THP)-medicated serum (P<0.05) with no change of proliferation (P>0.05). Moreover, IL-1β and TNF-α were downregulated (both P<0.05 or P<0.01) and IκBα was upregulated by the (FA+LZ+THP)-medicated serum (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The combination use of FA, LZ and THP could inhibit the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue in endometriosis rats. It might be related to the down-regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, the amelioration in ERE pathway and the improvement of peritoneal macrophage activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fanghong Shang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Research Center of Medical Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jifen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Wang Z, Okamoto P, Keutzer J. A new assay for fast, reliable CRIM status determination in infantile-onset Pompe disease. Mol Genet Metab 2014; 111:92-100. [PMID: 24044919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pompe disease is caused by a deficiency of acid α-glucosidase (GAA; EC, 3.2.1.20), and the infantile-onset form is rapidly fatal if left untreated. However, recombinant human GAA (rhGAA) enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) extends survival for infantile Pompe patients. Although cross-reactive immunologic material (CRIM)-negative patients, who lack detectable endogenous GAA, mount an immune response to rhGAA that renders the therapy ineffective, timely induction of immune tolerance in these patients may improve clinical outcomes. Previously, CRIM status has been determined by Western blot analysis in cultured skin fibroblasts, a process that can take a few weeks. We present a blood-based CRIM assay that can yield results within 48 to 72 h. Results from this assay have been confirmed by GAA Western blot analysis in fibroblasts or by GAA sequencing in a small number of Pompe disease patients. Rapid classification of CRIM status will assist in identifying the most effective treatment course and minimizing treatment delays in patients with infantile-onset Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Wang
- Integrated Genetics, Esoterix Genetic Laboratories, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings, 3400 Computer Drive Westborough, MA 01581, USA.
| | - Patricia Okamoto
- Integrated Genetics, Esoterix Genetic Laboratories, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings, 3400 Computer Drive Westborough, MA 01581, USA.
| | - Joan Keutzer
- Genzyme Corporation, a Sanofi company, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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