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Yu C, Shan J, Ju H, Chen X, Xu G, Wu Y. Construction of a Ternary Composite Colloidal Structure of Zein/Soy Protein Isolate/Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose to Deliver Curcumin and Improve Its Bioavailability. Foods 2023; 12:2692. [PMID: 37509784 PMCID: PMC10379602 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
This work presents the fabrication of ternary nanoparticles (Z/S/C NPs) comprising zein (Z), soy protein isolate (SPI) and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na) through a pH-driven method. The results showed that the smallest particle size (71.41 nm) and the most stable zeta potential, measuring -49.97 mV, were achieved with the following ratio of ternary nanoparticles Z/SPI/CMC-Na (2:3:3). The surface morphology of the nanoparticles was further analyzed using transmission electron microscopy, and the synthesized nanoparticles were utilized to encapsulate curcumin (Cur), a hydrophobic, bioactive compound. The nanoparticles were characterized using a particle size analyzer, infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The results revealed that the formation of nanoparticles and the encapsulation of Cur were driven by electrostatic, hydrogen-bonding and hydrophobic interactions. The drug loading efficiency (EE%) of Z/S/C-cur nanoparticles reached 90.90%. The Z/S/C ternary nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced storage stability, photostability and simulated the gastrointestinal digestion of Cur. The release of Cur and variations in the particle size of nanoparticles were investigated across different stages of digestion. The biocompatibility of the Z/S/C ternary nanoparticles was assessed by conducting cell viability assays on HepG2 and L-O2 cells, which showed no signs of cytotoxicity. These results suggested that the ternary composite nanoparticles have potential in delivering nutritional foods and health-promoting bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Yu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Jingyu Shan
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Hao Ju
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Guangsen Xu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Yanchao Wu
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai 264209, China
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Rani KC, Parfati N, Aryani NLD, Winantari AN, Fitriani EW, Pradana AT, Nawatila R, Putranti AR, Irine F, Angelica F, Yohanes C, Avanti C. Development, Evaluation, and Molecular Docking of Oral Dissolving Film of Atenolol. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101727. [PMID: 34684021 PMCID: PMC8537485 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of oral dissolving film (ODF) of atenolol is an attempt to enhance convenience and compliance for geriatric patients suffering from hypertension. Film former is the most essential component in ODF that determines the physical characteristic and drug release. In this study, three different types of film former including HPMC E5 4% (w/v), 5% (w/v), CMC-Na 3% (w/v), 4% (w/v), and Na-alginate 2.5% (w/v), 3% (w/v) were optimized in Formula 1 (F1) to Formula 6 (F6), respectively. A solvent casting method was employed to develop ODF of atenolol. The films formed by HPMC E5 produced a smooth and flexible surface, whereas CMC-Na and Na-alginate produced gritty textured films. Satisfactory results were obtained from several physical parameters such as film thickness, folding endurance, swelling index, and disintegration time. The homogeneity, drug content, and dissolution properties of ODF with HPMC exhibited better characteristics than the other formulas. Formula 1 exhibited the highest drug release compared to the other ODFs. The molecular docking results showed that there was a hydrogen bonding between atenolol and film formers which was also supported by the FTIR spectrum. The findings of this study suggest that HPMC E5 is the most favorable film former for ODF of atenolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Citra Rani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Nani Parfati
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Ni Luh Dewi Aryani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Agnes Nuniek Winantari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Endang Wahyu Fitriani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Aditya Trias Pradana
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Roisah Nawatila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Astridani Rizky Putranti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Florencia Irine
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Florentia Angelica
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Cintya Yohanes
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
| | - Christina Avanti
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Surabaya, Surabaya 60293, Indonesia; (K.C.R.); (N.P.); (N.L.D.A.); (A.N.W.); (E.W.F.); (A.T.P.); (R.N.); (A.R.P.); (F.I.); (F.A.); (C.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +62-31-298-1000
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Tang Q, Shang F, Wang X, Yang Y, Chen G, Chen Y, Zhang J, Xu X. Combination use of ferulic acid, ligustrazine and tetrahydropalmatine inhibits the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue: a multi-target therapy for endometriosis rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2014; 151:1218-1225. [PMID: 24389027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ferulic acid (FA), ligustrazine (LZ) and tetrahydropalmatine (THP) are separately isolated from Chinese Angelica, Szechwan Lovage Rhizome and Rhizoma in the Jiawei-Foshou-San formula, a popular traditional Chinese medicine for irregular menses. It has been reported that the combination use of FA+LZ+THP has similar effect on endometriosis, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study was to investigate the combination effects and mechanisms of FA+LZ+THP on endometriosis rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty endometriosis rats were intragastricly treated with FA+LZ+THP for 4 wk. The volume of ectopic endometrial tissue was measured to evaluate the effects. Then the changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis and ERE pathway were indicated by the levels of E2, GnRH, FSH and LH, and the expressions of ER, HSP90 and COX-2, respectively. In addition, peritoneal macrophages of each rat were cultured in vitro and treated with (FA+LZ+THP)-medicated serum for 24h. The proliferation and phagocytosis abilities, the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α, and the expression of IκBα were then measured for the changes of peritoneal macrophage activities. RESULTS Combination use of FA+LZ+THP diminished the volume of the ectopic endometrial tissues (P<0.05 or P<0.01). It also decreased the E2 level, suppressed the expression of GnRH, FSH and LH, and decreased the protein expression of ER, HSP90 and COX-2 (all P<0.05 or P<0.01). The phagocytosis ability of peritoneal macrophage was enhanced by (FA+LZ+THP)-medicated serum (P<0.05) with no change of proliferation (P>0.05). Moreover, IL-1β and TNF-α were downregulated (both P<0.05 or P<0.01) and IκBα was upregulated by the (FA+LZ+THP)-medicated serum (P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The combination use of FA, LZ and THP could inhibit the growth of ectopic endometrial tissue in endometriosis rats. It might be related to the down-regulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, the amelioration in ERE pathway and the improvement of peritoneal macrophage activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fanghong Shang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaocui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Research Center of Medical Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China
| | - Yi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jifen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, The Key Constructing Discipline by the State Administrative Bureau of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Xiao HT, Tsang SW, Qin HY, Choi FFK, Yang ZJ, Han QB, Chen HB, Xu HX, Shen H, Lu AP, Bian ZX. A bioactivity-guided study on the anti-diarrheal activity of Polygonum chinense Linn. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:499-505. [PMID: 23895917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 07/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonum chinense Linn., a folk medicine, has long been used for the treatment of diarrhea and enteritis in southwestern China. However, the components responsible for its anti-diarrheal activity are still poorly understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To determine anti-diarrheal activities of Polygonum chinense L. and to identify its active components through bioactivity-guided isolation technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals were orally administered with the extract of Polygonum chinense L. The anti-diarrheal effects of 75% ethanol extract, four fractions with different polarities from 75% ethanol extract, different eluates collected from Diaion HP-20 macroporous resin chromatography, ellagic acid and corilagin, were examined based on mouse models of castor oil- and magnesium sulfate-induced diarrhea. RESULTS The results showed that the 75% ethanol extract of Polygonum chinense L. exhibited significant anti-diarrheal activities in a dose-dependent manner in two mouse models. Through in vivo bioactivity-guided fractionation processes, n-butanol and aqueous fractions were found to exhibit prominent anti-diarrheal activities, and two major compounds, ellagic acid and corilagin, from these active fractions were found to possess anti-diarrheal effects. CONCLUSION Present study provides evidence of the utilization of Polygonum chinense L. for diarrhea, and ellagic acid and corilagin are two components contributing to the anti-diarrheal effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Tao Xiao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong SAR
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Wang X, Gong G, Yang W, Li Y, Jiang M, Li L. Antifibrotic activity of galangin, a novel function evaluated in animal liver fibrosis model. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2013; 36:288-295. [PMID: 23686009 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2013.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of galangin on liver fibrosis in rats induced by subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The administration of CCl4 to rats for 12 weeks caused significant increase of hyaluronic acid, laminin, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and decrease of total protein, albumin in serum, while the influences could be reversed by galangin. Galangin markedly reduced hepatic malondialdehyde, hydroxyproline concentration, increased activities of liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase compared with CCl4-treated rats. Histological results indicated that galangin alleviated liver damage. In addition, treatment with galangin significantly down-regulated expressions of α-smooth muscle actin and transforming growth factor β1. These results suggest galangin can inhibit liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in rats, which was probably associated with its effect on removing oxygen free radicals, decreasing lipid peroxidation, as well as inhibiting hepatic stellate cells activation and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoqing Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunzhan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiling Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Linlin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Wang PR, Wang JS, Zhang C, Song XF, Tian N, Kong LY. Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decotion induced protective autophagy against the injury of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion via MAPK-mTOR signaling pathway. J Ethnopharmacol 2013; 149:270-280. [PMID: 23811213 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decotion (HLJDD, Hwangryun-Hae-Dok-Decotion in Japan), an ancient antipyretic and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicine formula, was reported to have protective effect on ischemic stroke. AIM OF THE RESEARCH To investigate the therapeutic effect of HLJDD on ischemic stroke and explore its mode of action. MATERIAL AND METHODS A model of ischemic stroke in the rat was established after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. Rats were assigned randomly to groups of control, sham, transient ischemia/reperfusion (I/R), and three treatment groups by HLJDD at 2.5, 5.0, 10.0mg/kg. The neurological deficit, the cerebral infarct size, morphology abnormality, biochemical parameters were examined, and the levels of relevant proteins were determined by immunoblotting analysis to evaluate the protective effects of HLJDD on ischemic stroke and explore the underlying mechanism. RESULTS Compared with I/R group, HLJDD significantly ameliorated neurological deficit and histopathology changes, decreased infarct area, and restored the levels of biochemical indicators including nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), Cu/Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX). HLJDD also notably elevated the levels of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), Beclin-1, and other autophagy related genes (Atgs), promoted the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK), protein kinase B (Akt), 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase (PDK1), and inhibited the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), c-Jun N-terminal protein kinases (JNK), p38, phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN). CONCLUSION HLJDD showed neuroprotective effects on ischemic stroke, at least in part to the induced protective autophagy via the regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signals. This Akt-independent protective autophagy is favorable in the treatment of stroke, avoiding unfavorable side-effects associated with the inactivation of Akt. The efficacy of HLJDD on ischemic stroke and its safety warranted by its long-term clinical use in traditional Chinese medicine favored further study to develop HLJDD as an effective therapeutic agent to treat ischemic stroke.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/isolation & purification
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use
- Ethnopharmacology
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/enzymology
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/pathology
- Ischemic Attack, Transient/prevention & control
- Male
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Molecular Structure
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reperfusion Injury/enzymology
- Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Signal Transduction
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Ran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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Liang Y, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Liu Y, Guan T, Wang Y, Xing L, Rao T, Zhou L, Hao K, Xie L, Wang GJ. In vitro to in vivo evidence of the inhibitor characteristics of Schisandra lignans toward P-glycoprotein. Phytomedicine 2013; 20:1030-1038. [PMID: 23731657 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Concomitant administration of herbal medicines with drugs that are P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrates may produce significant herb-drug interactions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Schisandra lignans extract (SLE) on P-gp thoroughly in vitro and in vivo, and to investigate the possible P-gp-based herb-drug interactions. In the in vitro experiments, the effect of SLE on the uptake and transport for P-gp substrates in Caco-2, LLC-PK1 and L-MDR1 cells were carefully investigated. Verapamil, a known P-gp inhibitor, was used as a positive control drug. Results shown that, 10 μM verapamil and SLE (0.5, 2.0, and 10.0 μg/ml) were observed to significantly enhance the uptake and inhibit the efflux ratio of P-gp substrates in Caco-2 and L-MDR1 cells. In vivo experiments showed that single-dose SLE at 500 mg/kg could increase the area under the plasma concentration time curve of digoxin and vincrisine significantly without affecting terminal elimination half-time. Long-term treatment with SLE for continuous 10 days could also increase the absorption of P-gp substrates with greatly down regulation of P-gp expression in rat intestinal and brain tissues. In conclusion, SLE was a strong P-gp inhibitor, which indicated a potential herb-drug interaction when SLE was co-administered with P-gp substrate drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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