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Boo YC. Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Rosmarinic Acid and the Extracts of Lamiaceae Plants for the Treatment of Fibrosis of Various Organs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:146. [PMID: 38397744 PMCID: PMC10886237 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, which causes structural hardening and functional degeneration in various organs, is characterized by the excessive production and accumulation of connective tissue containing collagen, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), etc. In traditional medicine, extracts of medicinal plants or herbal prescriptions have been used to treat various fibrotic diseases. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the antifibrotic effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) and plant extracts that contain RA, as observed in various experimental models. RA, as well as the extracts of Glechoma hederacea, Melissa officinalis, Elsholtzia ciliata, Lycopus lucidus, Ocimum basilicum, Prunella vulgaris, Salvia rosmarinus (Rosmarinus officinalis), Salvia miltiorrhiza, and Perilla frutescens, have been shown to attenuate fibrosis of the liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and abdomen in experimental animal models. Their antifibrotic effects were associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, cell activation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and fibrogenic gene expression. RA treatment activated peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) while suppressing the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and Wnt signaling pathways. Interestingly, most plants that are reported to contain RA and exhibit antifibrotic activity belong to the family Lamiaceae. This suggests that RA is an active ingredient for the antifibrotic effect of Lamiaceae plants and that these plants are a useful source of RA. In conclusion, accumulating scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of RA and Lamiaceae plant extracts in alleviating fibrosis and maintaining the structural architecture and normal functions of various organs under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chool Boo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea;
- BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, Department of Biomedical Science, The Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
- Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, 680 Gukchaebosang-ro, Jung-gu, Daegu 41944, Republic of Korea
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Tian P, Deng J, Ma C, Miershali A, Maimaitirexiati G, Yan Q, Liu Y, Maimaiti H, Li Y, Zhou C, Ren J, Ding L, Li R. CBX7 is involved in the progression of cervical cancer through the ITGβ3/TGFβ1/AKT pathway. Oncol Lett 2024; 27:14. [PMID: 38028179 PMCID: PMC10664064 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromobox protein homolog 7 (CBX7) serves a tumor-suppressive role in human malignant neoplasias. The downregulation of CBX7 is associated with the poor prognosis and aggressiveness of various human cancers. However, the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of CBX7 in cervical cancer remain unclear. The present study investigated the role and mechanism of CBX7 in cervical cancer. Lentivirus and siRNA were used to construct cervical cancer cells with stable CBX7 knockdown and SiHa xenograft models. The cell growth, migration, invasion and apoptosis were observed through in vivo and in vitro experiments. The expression levels of CBX7, integrin β3 (ITGβ3), transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, E-cadherin (E-cad) and vimentin (VIM) were detected by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The correlation between CBX7 and these genes was analyzed. TGFβ1 was also silenced through shRNA in cells with stable CBX7 knockdown to detect its effect on cell growth, invasion and apoptosis, and on pathway-related gene expression. It was revealed that knockdown of CBX7 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells, and inhibited apoptosis. In addition, CBX7 knockdown promoted tumor growth in vivo. Correlation analysis demonstrated that CBX7 was negatively correlated with ITGβ3, TGFβ1, PI3K, AKT, phosphorylated AKT and VIM, but positively correlated with E-cad. Moreover, the knockdown of TGFβ1 reversed the promotion of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis induced by CBX7 knockdown and attenuated the increase of ITGβ3, TGFβ1, PI3K, AKT and VIM caused by CBX7 knockdown. In conclusion, the findings of the present study indicated that the downregulation of CBX7 enhances cell migration and invasion while inhibiting cell apoptosis in cervical cancer by modulating the ITGβ3/TGFβ1/AKT signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
- Department of Nosocomial Infection Management, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Jinglan Deng
- College of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Cailing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated First Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830011, P.R. China
| | - Ainipa Miershali
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Gulikezi Maimaitirexiati
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yating Liu
- College of Nursing, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Hatimihan Maimaiti
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Changhui Zhou
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Jingqin Ren
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
| | - Lu Ding
- Postdoctoral Research Center on Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830000, P.R. China
| | - Rong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
- Department of Child, Adolescent and Maternal Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region 830054, P.R. China
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Usui Y, Iwanishi H, Sumioka T, Ichikawa K, Miyajima M, Usui-Kusumoto K, Reinach PS, Okada Y, Saika S. Engineered Knockout of TRPA1 Inhibits Laser-Induced Choroidal Neovascularization Along With Associated TGFβ1 Expression and Neutrophil Infiltration. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100256. [PMID: 37797886 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined the effects of gene ablation and chemical inhibition of transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) on the growth of experimental argon laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mice. CNV was induced in the eyes of 6- to 8-week-old TRPA1-null (knockout [KO]) and wild-type (WT) mice by argon laser irradiation. Gene expression analysis was performed in laser-injured tissues at days 1 and 3. CNV growth was evaluated at day 14. Reciprocal bone marrow transplantation was performed between each genotype to identify the components responsible for either recipient tissue or bone marrow-derived inflammatory cells. Our results show that laser irradiation successfully induced CNV growth at the site of laser injury. The size of induced CNV was significantly smaller in KO mice than in WT mice at day 14, as determined by angiography with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran. Invasion of neutrophils, but not macrophages, was suppressed in association with suppression of the expression of transforming growth factor β1 and interleukin 6 in laser-irradiated KO tissue. Bone marrow transplantation indicated that the genotype of the recipient mouse, but not of inflammatory cells, is attributable to the KO phenotype. Systemic administration of a TRPA1 antagonist also reduced the CNV in a WT mouse. In conclusion, TRPA1 signaling in local cells is involved in growth of laser-induced CNV. The phenotype was not attributable to vascular endothelial cells and inflammatory cells. Blocking TRPA1 signal may therefore be a potential treatment strategy for CNV-related ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Usui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan.
| | - Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kana Ichikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Keiko Usui-Kusumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Peter Sol Reinach
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University School, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
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Shi N, Zhang J, Chen SY. DOCK2 Promotes Asthma Development by Eliciting Airway Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:310-320. [PMID: 36883952 PMCID: PMC10503310 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0273oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to airway remodeling, a predominant feature of asthma. DOCK2 (dedicator of cytokinesis 2) is an innate immune signaling molecule involved in vascular remodeling. However, it is unknown if DOCK2 plays a role in airway remodeling during asthma development. In this study, we found that DOCK2 is highly induced in both normal human bronchial epithelial cells treated with house dust mite (HDM) extract and human asthmatic airway epithelium. DOCK2 is also upregulated by TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor β1) during EMT of human bronchial epithelial cells. Importantly, knockdown of DOCK2 inhibits, and overexpression of DOCK2 promotes, TGF-β1-induced EMT. Consistently, DOCK2 deficiency suppresses the EMT of airway epithelium, attenuates the subepithelial fibrosis, and improves pulmonary function in HDM-induced asthmatic lungs. These data suggest that DOCK2 plays an important role in EMT and asthma development. Mechanistically, DOCK2 interacts with transcription factor FoxM1 (forkhead box M1), which enhances FoxM1 binding to mesenchymal marker gene promoters and further promotes mesenchymal marker gene transcription and expression, leading to EMT. Taken together, our study identifies DOCK2 as a novel regulator for airway EMT in an HDM-induced asthma model, thus providing a potential therapeutic target for treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Shi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurological Intensive Care Unit, Taihe Hospital, Shiyan, China; and
| | - Shi-You Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
- The Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri
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Gao X, Lin X, Lin M, Lan Y, Wang Y, Wu R, Li J, Huang C, Zhong D. Silencing Rac1 and Prex1 Inhibit Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Human Gastric Cancer Cells Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-β1. Turk J Gastroenterol 2023; 34:975-981. [PMID: 37434402 PMCID: PMC10543419 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.23108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Transforming growth factor-beta can influence tumor cells, causing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and enhancing their invasion and metastasis ability. Rac1 protein could be used as an independent tumor diagnostic marker and survival predictor. Prex1 is closely related to cell metastasis. In this study, the impact of silencing Rac1 and Prex1 on transforming growth factor-beta 1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells MGC-803 and MKN45 was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS MGC-803 and MKN45 cells received recombinant transforming growth factor-beta 1 (rTGF-β1) treatments at various concentrations. Cell Counting Kit-8 kit was used to determine cell viability. Rac1 and Prex1 interference vectors were transfected into the rTGF-β1-treated MGC-803 and MKN45 cells. Cell apoptosis and migration were detected by flow cytometry and scratch test, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related markers E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin, and PDLIM2 expression levels. RESULTS The rTGF-β1 (10 ng/mL) could promote MGC-803 and MKN45 cell viability. Silencing Rac1 and Prex1 could increase E-cadherin and PDLIM2 expression, decrease N-cadherin and vimentin expression, inhibit cell viability and migration, and promote apoptosis in rTGF-β1-treated MGC-803 and MKN45 cells. CONCLUSIONS Silencing Rac1 and Prex1 could inhibit epithelial-mesenchymal transition, reduce cell viability and migration, and promote apoptosis in human gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Gao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Mengxin Lin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yanqin Lan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Riping Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Junde Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhangzhou Municipal Hospital, Zhangzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chuanyong Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
| | - Dongta Zhong
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
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Usui Y, Iwanishi H, Sumioka T, Ichikawa K, Miyajima M, Usui-Kusumoto K, Reinach PS, Okada Y, Saika S. WITHDRAWN: Engineered knockout of TRPA1 inhibits laser-induced choroidal neovascularization along with associated TGFb1 expression and neutrophil infiltration. J Transl Med 2023:100232. [PMID: 37567390 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Usui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iwanishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Sumioka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Kana Ichikawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Masayasu Miyajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Keiko Usui-Kusumoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Peter Sol Reinach
- Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University School, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuka Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University Kihoku Hospital, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Shizuya Saika
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wakayama Medical University School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
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Zhang G, Li J, Wang D, Lou H, Zhang C, Liu W. The mechanisms related to fibroblasts in burn surface. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13431. [PMID: 37632175 PMCID: PMC10407725 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote burn wound healing, skin appearance, and function recovery by promoting the differentiation and migration of fibroblasts of a wound. The burn environment can activate the autophagy of MSCs. However, it is not clear whether this autophagy can affect the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts. METHODS In this study, pretreated MSCs with rapamycin and 3-methyladenine modulated autophagy and co-cultured with fibroblasts of burn. Cell migration was detected by immunofluorescence chemical staining. Western blot analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to detect 2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO), cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor 10 (IL-10), cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor 6 (IL-6), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) proteins levels, and the autophagy proteins p62 and microtubule-associated protein LC3-II/I. RESULTS We demonstrated that autophagy regulates MSCs survival and proliferation in burn wound transplants and found that autophagy inhibition with 3-methyladenine reduced MSCs-mediated, fibroblast proliferation and migration in burn environment. However, rapamycin-induced autophagy had the opposite effect and increased the TGF-β1 expression. Therefore, we speculate that MSCs may promote fibroblast proliferation and migration by secreting TGF-β1 via the AKT/mTOR (RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin) pathway. CONCLUSION Autophagy of MSCs regulates burn wound fibroblast proliferation and migration by affecting TGF-β1 and prostaglandin E2 production adjacent to MSCs transplanted on the burn wound. The results of this study provide a potential strategy for promoting MSCs treatment of burns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaofei Zhang
- Department of burn and injurySecond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming CityChina
| | - Jiamei Li
- Department of burn and injurySecond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming CityChina
| | - Di Wang
- Department of burn and injurySecond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming CityChina
| | - Hanxiao Lou
- Department of burn and injurySecond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming CityChina
| | - Chenying Zhang
- Department of burn and injurySecond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming CityChina
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Department of burn and injurySecond Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming CityChina
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Luu RJ, Hoefler BC, Gard AL, Ritenour CR, Rogers MT, Kim ES, Coppeta JR, Cain BP, Isenberg BC, Azizgolshani H, Fajardo-Ramirez OR, García-Cardeña G, Lech MP, Tomlinson L, Charest JL, Williams C. Fibroblast activation in response to TGFβ1 is modulated by co-culture with endothelial cells in a vascular organ-on-chip platform. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1160851. [PMID: 37577751 PMCID: PMC10421749 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1160851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tissue fibrosis is a major healthcare burden that affects various organs in the body for which no effective treatments exist. An underlying, emerging theme across organs and tissue types at early stages of fibrosis is the activation of pericytes and/or fibroblasts in the perivascular space. In hepatic tissue, it is well known that liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (EC) help maintain the quiescence of stellate cells, but whether this phenomenon holds true for other endothelial and perivascular cell types is not well studied. Methods: The goal of this work was to develop an organ-on-chip microvascular model to study the effect of EC co-culture on the activation of perivascular cells perturbed by the pro-fibrotic factor TGFβ1. A high-throughput microfluidic platform, PREDICT96, that was capable of imparting physiologically relevant fluid shear stress on the cultured endothelium was utilized. Results: We first studied the activation response of several perivascular cell types and selected a cell source, human dermal fibroblasts, that exhibited medium-level activation in response to TGFβ1. We also demonstrated that the PREDICT96 high flow pump triggered changes in select shear-responsive factors in human EC. We then found that the activation response of fibroblasts was significantly blunted in co-culture with EC compared to fibroblast mono-cultures. Subsequent studies with conditioned media demonstrated that EC-secreted factors play at least a partial role in suppressing the activation response. A Luminex panel and single cell RNA-sequencing study provided additional insight into potential EC-derived factors that could influence fibroblast activation. Conclusion: Overall, our findings showed that EC can reduce myofibroblast activation of perivascular cells in response to TGFβ1. Further exploration of EC-derived factors as potential therapeutic targets in fibrosis is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah J. Luu
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - B. Christopher Hoefler
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ashley L. Gard
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | | | - Miles T. Rogers
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Ernest S. Kim
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Jonathan R. Coppeta
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Brian P. Cain
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Brett C. Isenberg
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Hesham Azizgolshani
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Oscar R. Fajardo-Ramirez
- Laboratory for Systems Mechanobiology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guillermo García-Cardeña
- Laboratory for Systems Mechanobiology, Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Joseph L. Charest
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Corin Williams
- Bioengineering Division, The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, MA, United States
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9
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Talukdar SN, McGregor B, Osan JK, Hur J, Mehedi M. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection Does Not Induce Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. J Virol 2023:e0039423. [PMID: 37338373 PMCID: PMC10373540 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00394-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection does not cause severe disease in most of us despite suffering from multiple RSV infections during our lives. However, infants, young children, older adults, and immunocompromised patients are unfortunately vulnerable to RSV-associated severe diseases. A recent study suggested that RSV infection causes cell expansion, resulting in bronchial wall thickening in vitro. Whether the virus-induced changes in the lung airway resemble epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is still unknown. Here, we report that RSV does not induce EMT in three different in vitro lung models: the epithelial A549 cell line, primary normal human bronchial epithelial cells, and pseudostratified airway epithelium. We found that RSV increases the cell surface area and perimeter in the infected airway epithelium, which is distinct from the effects of a potent EMT inducer, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), driving cell elongation-indicative of cell motility. A genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed that both RSV and TGF-β1 have distinct modulation patterns of the transcriptome, which suggests that RSV-induced changes are distinct from EMT. IMPORTANCE We have previously shown that RSV infects ciliated cells on the apical side of the lung airway. RSV-induced cytoskeletal inflammation contributes to an uneven increase in the height of the airway epithelium, resembling noncanonical bronchial wall thickening. RSV infection changes epithelial cell morphology by modulating actin-protein 2/3 complex-driven actin polymerization. Therefore, it is prudent to investigate whether RSV-induced cell morphological changes contribute to EMT. Our data indicate that RSV does not induce EMT in at least three different epithelial in vitro models: an epithelial cell line, primary epithelial cells, and pseudostratified bronchial airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattya N Talukdar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Brett McGregor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Jaspreet K Osan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Junguk Hur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Masfique Mehedi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
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Ali Mondal S, Sathiaseelan R, Mann SN, Kamal M, Luo W, Saccon TD, Isola JVV, Peelor FF, Li T, Freeman WM, Miller BF, Stout MB. 17α-estradiol, a lifespan-extending compound, attenuates liver fibrosis by modulating collagen turnover rates in male mice. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E120-E134. [PMID: 36516471 PMCID: PMC9902223 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00256.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen signaling is protective against chronic liver diseases, although men and a subset of women are contraindicated for chronic treatment with 17β-estradiol (17β-E2) or combination hormone replacement therapies. We sought to determine if 17α-estradiol (17α-E2), a naturally occurring diastereomer of 17β-E2, could attenuate liver fibrosis. We evaluated the effects of 17α-E2 treatment on collagen synthesis and degradation rates using tracer-based labeling approaches in male mice subjected to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis. We also assessed the effects of 17α-E2 on markers of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation, collagen cross-linking, collagen degradation, and liver macrophage content and polarity. We found that 17α-E2 significantly reduced collagen synthesis rates and increased collagen degradation rates, which was mirrored by declines in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) protein content in liver. These improvements were associated with increased matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) activity and suppressed stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase 1 (SCD1) protein levels, the latter of which has been linked to the resolution of liver fibrosis. We also found that 17α-E2 increased liver fetuin-A protein, a strong inhibitor of TGF-β1 signaling, and reduced proinflammatory macrophage activation and cytokines expression in the liver. We conclude that 17α-E2 reduces fibrotic burden by suppressing HSC activation and enhancing collagen degradation mechanisms. Future studies will be needed to determine if 17α-E2 acts directly in hepatocytes, HSCs, and/or immune cells to elicit these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samim Ali Mondal
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Roshini Sathiaseelan
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Shivani N Mann
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Maria Kamal
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Wenyi Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tatiana D Saccon
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - José V V Isola
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Frederick F Peelor
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Tiangang Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Genes & Human Disease Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Benjamin F Miller
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Michael B Stout
- Aging and Metabolism Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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Chen Q, Liao X, Lin L, Wu L, Tang Q. FOXF1 attenuates TGF‑β1‑induced bronchial epithelial cell injury by inhibiting CDH11‑mediated Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. Exp Ther Med 2023; 25:103. [PMID: 36798677 PMCID: PMC9926140 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.11802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box F1 (FOXF1) has been reported to be associated with lung development. However, the role of FOXF1 in asthma is still not fully understood. In the present study, the biological role and the potential mechanism of FOXF1 was explored in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-induced bronchial epithelial cell injury. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to detect the expression levels of FOXF1 and cadherin (CDH) 11 in TGF-β1-induced bronchial epithelial cells. Proliferation, apoptosis and inflammation were assessed using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, western blotting and ELISA. Fibrosis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated using immunofluorescence and western blotting. The expression levels of the proteins involved in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway were detected by western blotting. The results indicated that FOXF1 expression was downregulated, while CDH11 expression was upregulated in TGF-β1-treated BEAS-2B cells. FOXF1 overexpression promoted proliferation, inhibited induction of apoptosis and suppressed the inflammatory response of BEAS-2B cells exposed to TGF-β1. In addition, FOXF1 overexpression restrained TGF-β1-induced bronchial epithelial fibrosis and EMT and inhibited the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. CDH11 overexpression reversed the effects of FOXF1 overexpression on proliferation, apoptosis, fibrosis, EMT and inflammation by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Collectively, the results of the present study suggested that FOXF1 regulated TGF-β1-induced BEAS-2B cell injury by inhibiting CDH11-mediated Wnt/β-catenin signaling. This may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Xing Liao
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Ling Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuyu Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Children's Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children's Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Qiuyu Tang, Department of Pediatrics, Fujian Children’s Hospital (Fujian Branch of Shanghai Children’s Medical Center), College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, 966 Hengyu Road, Jin’an, Fuzhou, Fujian 350000, P.R. China
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12
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Kryukov AI, Chernykh NM, Nosulya EV, Kunelskaya NL, Kim IA, Karnoukhova OG. [Control of hormonal rhinitis symptoms in patients with hypothyrosis: pathogenetic and clinical aspects]. Vestn Otorinolaringol 2023; 88:54-60. [PMID: 37767591 DOI: 10.17116/otorino20228804154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the poorly studied sections of the pathology of ENT organs is chronic rhinitis in patients with hypothyroidism, the pathogenesis of which has not been fully understood, the diagnosis causes significant difficulties, and there are no recommendations for treatment. Despite receiving replacement therapy with levothyroxine, the symptoms of rhinitis persist. OBJECTIVE To study the effectiveness of the use of intranasal glucocorticosteroids in patients with chronic rhinitis and hypothyroidism. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients with chronic rhinitis and hypothyroidism used mometasone nasal spray 100 mcg 1 time per day for a course of treatment of 2 months (n=60). To assess the symptoms of rhinitis, a visual analog scale (0-10 points), endoscopic examination of ENT organs, anterior active rhinomanometry were used. Evaluation of mucociliary transport was used a saccharin test. The concentration of transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) in nasal secretion and blood serum was studied by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay), the number of metabolites of NO - nitrites+nitrates (NOx) was recorded by colorimetric method. RESULTS The use of mometasone nasal spray in patients with hypothyroidism helped to reduce complaints on a visual-analog scale (difficulty in nasal breathing, rhinorrhea) and improve nasal breathing according to anterior active rhinomanometry. The concentrations of TGF-β1 and NOx in nasal secretions before mometasone treatment were higher than after treatment, which probably indicates the contribution of these substances to the formation of edematous hypertrophic changes from the nose in patients with hypothyroidism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Kryukov
- L.A. Sverzhevsky Scientific Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - N M Chernykh
- Irkutsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - E V Nosulya
- L.A. Sverzhevsky Scientific Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
| | - N L Kunelskaya
- L.A. Sverzhevsky Scientific Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology, Moscow, Russia
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Kim
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
- Research and Clinical Center of Otorhinolaryngology of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia
| | - O G Karnoukhova
- Irkutsk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Irkutsk, Russia
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13
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Rosa I, Fioretto BS, Romano E, Buzzi M, Mencucci R, Marini M, Manetti M. The Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator BAY 41-2272 Attenuates Transforming Growth Factor β1-Induced Myofibroblast Differentiation of Human Corneal Keratocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36499651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal transparency, necessary for vision and depending on the high organization of stromal extracellular matrix, is maintained by keratocytes. Severe or continuous corneal injuries determine exaggerated healing responses resulting in the formation of irreversible fibrotic scars and vision impairment. Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulation demonstrated antifibrotic effects in both experimental fibrosis and human lung and skin fibroblasts. Here, we assessed whether sGC stimulation with BAY 41-2272 could attenuate transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-induced myofibroblast differentiation of human corneal keratocytes. Cells were challenged with TGFβ1, with/without BAY 41-2272 preincubation, and subsequently assessed for viability, proliferation, migration, chemoinvasion, as well for the expression of myofibroblast/fibroblast activation markers and contractile abilities. Treatment with BAY 41-2272 did not affect keratocyte viability, while preincubation of cells with the sGC stimulator was able to inhibit TGFβ1-induced proliferation, wound healing capacity, and invasiveness. BAY 41-2272 was also able to attenuate TGFβ1-induced myofibroblast-like profibrotic phenotype of keratocytes, as demonstrated by the significant decrease in ACTA2, COL1A1, COL1A2, FN1 and PDPN gene expression, as well as in α-smooth muscle actin, α-1 chain of type I collagen, podoplanin, vimentin and N-cadherin protein expression. Finally, BAY 41-2272 significantly counteracted the TGFβ1-induced myofibroblast-like ability of keratocytes to contract collagen gels, reduced phosphorylated Smad3 protein levels, and attenuated gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Collectively, our data show for the first time that BAY 41-2272 is effective in counteracting keratocyte-to-myofibroblast transition, thus providing the rationale for the development of sGC stimulators as novel promising modulators of corneal scarring and fibrosis.
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14
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赵 治, 董 辉, 李 兵, 沈 波, 郭 悦, 顾 天, 曲 颖, 蔡 晓, 陆 伦. [Hydroxynitone suppresses hepatic stellate cell activation by inhibiting TGF-β1 phosphorylation to alleviate CCl 4-induced liver fibrosis in rats]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2022; 42:1511-1516. [PMID: 36329585 PMCID: PMC9637497 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.10.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of hydronidone on CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats and explore the possible mechanism. METHODS Sixty-six male SD rats were randomized into 5 groups, including a control group (n=10), a liver fibrosis model group (n=20), 2 hydronidone dose groups (100 and 250 mg/kg; n=12), and a pirfenidone (250 mg/kg) treatment group (n= 12). Rat models of liver fibrosis were established by subcutaneous injection of CCl4 in all but the control group. Hydronidone and pirfenidone were given daily at the indicated doses by intragastric administration for 6 weeks. After the treatments, serum samples were collected from the rats for detecting liver function parameters, and hydroxyproline content in the liver tissue was determined. Inflammation and fibrosis in the liver tissue were observed using HE staining and Sirius Red staining. In the cell experiment, human hepatic stellate cell line LX-2 was stimulated with TGF-β1 and treated with hydronidone or pirfenidone, and the expression levels of α-SMA, collagen type I and phosphorylated Smad3, phosphorylated p38, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphorylated Akt were detected with Western blotting. RESULTS In the rat models of liver fibrosis, treatment with hydronidone obviously improved the liver functions, reduced the content of hydroxyproline in the liver tissue, and significantly alleviated liver fibrosis (P < 0.05). In LX-2 cells, hydronidone dose-dependently decreased the expression levels of α-SMA and collagen type I. In TGF- β1-stimulated cells, the phosphorylation levels of Smad3, P38, ERK, and Akt increased progressively with the extension of the treatment time, but this effect was significantly attenuated by treatment with hydronidone (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Hydronidone can inhibit the phosphorylation of the proteins in the TGF-β signaling pathway, thereby preventing TGF-β1-mediated activation of hepatic stellate cells, which may be a possible mechanism by which hydronidone alleviates CCl4-induced liver fibrosis in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- 治彬 赵
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 200080Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
- 江苏省泰州市人民医院消化科,江苏泰州 225300Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou People's hospital, Taizhou 225300, China
| | - 辉 董
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 200080Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - 兵航 李
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 200080Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - 波 沈
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 200080Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - 悦承 郭
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 200080Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - 天翊 顾
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 200080Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - 颖 曲
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 200080Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - 晓波 蔡
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 200080Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - 伦根 陆
- 南京医科大学附属上海一院临床医学院消化科,上海 200080Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 200080, China
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15
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Wang SX, Feng YN, Feng S, Wu JM, Zhang M, Xu WL, Zhang YY, Zhu HB, Xiao H, Dong ED. IMM-H007 attenuates isoprenaline-induced cardiac fibrosis through targeting TGFβ1 signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2542-2549. [PMID: 35354962 PMCID: PMC9525664 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00899-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon chronic stress, β-adrenergic receptor activation induces cardiac fibrosis and leads to heart failure. The small molecule compound IMM-H007 has demonstrated protective effects in cardiovascular diseases via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). This study aimed to investigate IMM-H007 effects on cardiac fibrosis induced by β-adrenergic receptor activation. Because adenosine analogs also exert AMPK-independent effects, we assessed AMPK-dependent and -independent IMM-H007 effects in murine models of cardiac fibrosis. Continual subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline for 7 days caused cardiac fibrosis and cardiac dysfunction in mice in vivo. IMM-H007 attenuated isoprenaline-induced cardiac fibrosis, diastolic dysfunction, α-smooth muscle actin expression, and collagen I deposition in both wild-type and AMPKα2-/- mice. Moreover, IMM-H007 inhibited transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) expression in wild-type, but not AMPKα2-/- mice. By contrast, IMM-H007 inhibited Smad2/3 signaling downstream of TGFβ1 in both wild-type and AMPKα2-/- mice. Surface plasmon resonance and molecular docking experiments showed that IMM-H007 directly interacts with TGFβ1, inhibits its binding to TGFβ type II receptors, and downregulates the Smad2/3 signaling pathway downstream of TGFβ1. These findings suggest that IMM-H007 inhibits isoprenaline-induced cardiac fibrosis via both AMPKα2-dependent and -independent mechanisms. IMM-H007 may be useful as a novel TGFβ1 antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai-Xing Wang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ye-Nan Feng
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Shan Feng
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ji-Min Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Wen-Li Xu
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - You-Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Beijing Key Laboratory of New Drug Mechanisms and Pharmacological Evaluation Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Er-Dan Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing, 100191, China
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Sandeep B, Ding W, Huang X, Liu C, Wu Q, Su X, Gao K, Xiao Z. Mechanism and prevention of atrial remodeling and their related genes in cardiovascular disorders. Curr Probl Cardiol 2022;:101414. [PMID: 36155200 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with profound structural and functional changes in the atrium. Inflammation mediated atrial fibrosis is one of the key mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AF. The collagen deposition in extracellular matrix (ECM) is mainly mediated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) which promotes AF via controlling smads mediated-collagen gene transcription and regulating the balance of metalloproteinases (MMPs)/ tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Although many processes can alter atrial properties and promote AF, animal models and clinical studies have provided insights into two major forms of atrial remodeling: Atrial tachycardia remodeling (ATR), which occurs with rapid atrial tachyarrhythmia's such as AF and atrial flutter, and atrial structural remodeling (ASR), which is associated with CHF and other fibrosis-promoting conditions. The mechanism of atrial remodeling such as atrial enlargement, ultra structural changes of atrial muscle tissue and myocardial interstitial fibrosis in AF is still unclear. At present, many studies focus on calcium overload, renin angiotensin aldosterone system and transforming growth factor β1, that effect on atrial structural remodeling. Recent experimental studies and clinical investigations have provided structural remodeling is important contributor to the AF. This paper reviews the current understanding of the progresses about mechanism of atrial structural remodeling, and highlights the potential therapeutic approaches aimed at attenuating structural remodeling to prevent AF. Now some recent advancements of this area are reviewed in this paper.
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17
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Singhatanadgit W, Kitpakornsanti S, Toso M, Pavasant P. IFNγ-primed periodontal ligament cells regulate T-cell responses via IFNγ-inducible mediators and ICAM-1-mediated direct cell contact. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:220056. [PMID: 35911203 PMCID: PMC9326268 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) cells help maintain tissue homeostasis by balancing PDL tissue inflammation and regeneration. However, the mechanisms by which interferon γ (IFNγ) modulate this process are not yet fully understood. The present study aimed to examine the effect of primed and non-primed PDL cells with IFNγ on the viability and differentiation of T lymphocytes and its functional consequences. The results showed that IFNγ-primed PDL cells possessed enhanced immunosuppression by suppressing T-lymphocyte viability and directing T-lymphocyte differentiation towards a higher T helper (Th) Th2/Th1 ratio. Suppression of T-cell viability was mainly mediated by IFNγ-inducible secreted mediators, which was prevented in the presence of direct cell contact, probably by intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1)-induced PI3 K-mediated transforming growth factor β1 expression in PDL cells. By contrast, ICAM-1 activation augmented IFNγ-induced IFNγ and interleukin-6 expression in PDL cells, which in turn modulated T-cell differentiation. The resulting interaction between these two cell types activated macrophage and suppressed osteoclast differentiation. In conclusion, the results have shown, for the first time to our knowledge, that primed and non-primed PDL cells with IFNγ differentially control T-cell responses via IFNγ-inducible mediators and ICAM-1-mediated direct cell contact, suggesting the role of PDL cells in shifting an inflammatory phase towards a regenerative phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weerachai Singhatanadgit
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani, Thailand
- Research Unit in Mineralized Tissue Reconstruction, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Setthawut Kitpakornsanti
- Research Unit in Mineralized Tissue Reconstruction, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Montree Toso
- Research Unit in Mineralized Tissue Reconstruction, Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus, Pathumthani, Thailand
- Stem Cell for Life Research Center, Greater Pharma Manufacturing Co. Ltd, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Prasit Pavasant
- Center of Excellence in Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Yu N, Yang F, Zhao X, Guo Y, Xu Y, Pang G, Gong Y, Wang S, Liu Y, Fang Y, Yu K, Yao L, Wang H, Zhang K, Liu B, Wang Z, Guo Y, Xu Z. Manual acupuncture at ST36 attenuates rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting M1 macrophage polarization and enhancing Treg cell populations in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Acupunct Med 2022; 41:96-109. [PMID: 35585798 DOI: 10.1177/09645284221085278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acupuncture has been found to be effective at relieving many inflammatory pain conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory potential of manual acupuncture (MA) treatment of RA using adjuvant-induced arthritic (AIA) rats and to explore the underlying mechanisms. METHODS The anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of MA at ST36 (Zusanli) in AIA rats were assessed using paw withdrawal latency and swelling, histological examination and cytokine detection by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). The cell-cell communication (CCC) network was analyzed with a multiplex immunoassay of 24 immune factors expressed in the inflamed joints, and the macrophage and Treg populations and associated cytokines regulated by MA were investigated using reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), ELISA and flow cytometry. RESULTS MA markedly decreased heat hyperalgesia and paw swelling in AIA rats. MA-treated rats also exhibited decreased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β) coupled with increased anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1) in the ankle joints at protein and mRNA levels. CCC network analysis confirmed that macrophages are of critical importance and are potential therapeutic targets in RA. Repeated treatment with MA triggered a macrophage phenotypic switch in the paws, with fewer M1 macrophages. Prominent increases in the Treg cell population and TGF-β1 in the popliteal lymph nodes demonstrated the immunomodulatory effects of MA. Furthermore, a selective TGF-β1-receptor inhibitor, SB431542, attenuated the anti-inflammatory effects of MA and MA-induced suppression of the levels of M1-released cytokines. CONCLUSION These findings provide novel evidence that the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of MA on RA act through phenotypic modulation involving the inhibition of M1 macrophage polarization and an increase in the Treg cell population, highlighting the potential therapeutic advantages of acupuncture in controlling pain and ameliorating inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Yu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, the Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Fuming Yang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xue Zhao
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P.R. China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yongming Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P.R. China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P.R. China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Guangchang Pang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Gong
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shenjun Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P.R. China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yangyang Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P.R. China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P.R. China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Kun Yu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yao
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hui Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Kuo Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Baohu Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Xi'an Encephalopathy Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P.R. China.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Zhifang Xu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, P.R. China.,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Kuźnik-Trocha K, Winsz-Szczotka K, Lachór-Motyka I, Dąbkowska K, Wojdas M, Olczyk K, Komosińska-Vassev K. The Effects of TNF-α Inhibition on the Metabolism of Cartilage: Relationship between KS, HA, HAPLN1 and ADAMTS4, ADAMTS5, TOS and TGF-β1 Plasma Concentrations in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11072013. [PMID: 35407621 PMCID: PMC8999578 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11072013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effect of 24-month anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) treatment on the remodeling of the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM) in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods: Quantitative evaluation of keratan sulfate (KS), hyaluronic acid (HA), hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1), as potential biomarkers of joint dysfunction, and the levels of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS) 4 and 5, total oxidative status (TOS) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β1) was performed (using immunoenzymatic methods) in blood obtained from patients before and after 24 months of etanercept (ETA) treatment. Results: When compared to the controls, KS, HA and HAPLN1 levels were significantly higher in patients with an aggressive course of JIA qualified for ETA treatment. An anti-cytokine therapy leading to clinical improvement promotes the normalization only of the HA level. Proteolytic and pro-oxidative factors, present in high concentrations in patients before the treatment, correlated with HAPLN1, but not with KS and HA levels. In these patients, negative correlations were found between the levels of TGF-β1 and KS, HA and HAPLN1. Conclusion: The anti-TNF-α therapy used in patients with JIA has a beneficial effect on ECM cartilage metabolism, but it does not completely regenerate it. The changes in the plasma HA level during the anti-cytokine therapy suggest its potential diagnostic utility in monitoring of disease activity and may be used to assess the efficacy of ETA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelia Kuźnik-Trocha
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.D.); (M.W.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
| | - Katarzyna Winsz-Szczotka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.D.); (M.W.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-323641152
| | - Iwona Lachór-Motyka
- Department of Rheumatology, The John Paul II Pediatric Center in Sosnowiec, ul. G. Zapolskiej 3, 41-218 Sosnowiec, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Dąbkowska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.D.); (M.W.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
| | - Magdalena Wojdas
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.D.); (M.W.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.D.); (M.W.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
| | - Katarzyna Komosińska-Vassev
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, ul. Jedności 8, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland; (K.K.-T.); (K.D.); (M.W.); (K.O.); (K.K.-V.)
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20
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Wang J, Fan Z, Li J, Yang J, Liu X, Cheng J. Transcription factor specificity protein 1-mediated Serine/threonine kinase 39 upregulation promotes the proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by activating the transforming growth factor-β1 /Smad2/3 pathway. Bioengineered 2021; 12:3566-3577. [PMID: 34281492 PMCID: PMC8806741 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1947939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioinformatics analysis showed that Serine/threonine kinase 39 (STK39), which was testified to play an important role in human cancers, may be a hub gene in diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to explore whether STK39 could be regulated by specificity protein 1 (SP1) to affect HCC cells malignant processes. Firstly, STK39 expression in tissues of HCC patients and several cell lines was analyzed. After STK39 silencing, cell proliferation was evaluated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and colony formation assay. Tunel staining was used to detect cell apoptosis. Then, the abilities of cell migration and invasion were determined with wound healing and transwell assays. The expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/Smad2/3 pathway proteins was tested by western blot analysis. Thereafter, cells were overexpressed with SP1 under the circumstance of STK39 knockdown, and then the above cellular processes were under observation. Results revealed that the increased expression of STK39, which was found in both HHC patients and HCC cell lines, exhibited poor HCC prognosis. STK39 silencing inhibited Hep3b cell proliferation, migration, invasion, EMT and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 expression but promoted cell apoptosis. Additionally, SP1 could bind to the STK39 promoter and facilitate STK39 expression. Further studies revealed that the effects of STK39 silencing on Hep3b cells were blocked by SP1 overexpression. In conclusion, SP1-mediated STK39 up-regulation leads to the increased proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of HCC cells via activating TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway. Therapies that target SP1 to knockdown STK39 expression may contribute to the inhibition of HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenyu Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Hepatology, Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingmao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jilin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Blumer S, Fang L, Chen WC, Khan P, Hostettler K, Tamm M, Roth M, Lambers C. IPF-Fibroblast Erk1/2 Activity Is Independent from microRNA Cluster 17-92 but Can Be Inhibited by Treprostinil through DUSP1. Cells 2021; 10:2836. [PMID: 34831059 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive terminal lung disease, and therapies aim to block fibrosis. Fibroblast proliferation is controlled by C/EBP-β, microRNA cluster 17-92 (miR17-92), and Erk1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase. This study assessed the role of miR17-92 in IPF-fibroblast proliferation and its modification by treprostinil. Fibroblasts were isolated from eight IPF patients, five interstitial lung fibrosis patients, and seven control lungs. Fibroblasts were stimulated with TGF-β1 over 24 h. The miR17-92 expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR, and protein expression by Western blotting. TGF-β1 upregulated C/EBP-β in all fibroblasts, which was reduced by treprostinil in control-fibroblasts, but not in IPF-fibroblasts. Compared to controls, the guide strands miR-19a-3p, miR-19b-3p, miR-20a-5p, and miR-92a-3p, as well as the passenger strands miR-17-3p, miR-18-3p, miR-19a-1-5p, and miR-92a-5p were significantly increased in IPF-fibroblasts. In controls, TGF-β1 and treprostinil significantly reduced specific miR17-92 members. IPF-fibroblast proliferation was inhibited by treprostinil through increased expression of the Erk1/2 inhibitor DUSP1. These data suggest that proliferation control via miR17-92 and C/EBP-β is disrupted in IPF-fibroblasts. Therefore, the inhibition of early stages of signaling cascades or specific mitogen receptors might be less effective. However, the increased proliferation is sensitive to Erk1/2 inhibition by treprostinil-induced DUSP1.
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22
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Kaieda S, Fujimoto K, Todoroki K, Abe Y, Kusukawa J, Hoshino T, Ida H. Mast cells can produce transforming growth factor β1 and promote tissue fibrosis during the development of Sjögren's syndrome-related sialadenitis. Mod Rheumatol 2021; 32:761-769. [PMID: 34915577 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the associations of mast cells with immune-mediated inflammation and fibrosis in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS); it also explored the underlying pathophysiology of pSS-related sialadenitis. METHODS Twenty-two patients with pSS and 10 patients with sicca (control individuals) underwent labial salivary gland biopsies. Sections were subjected to staining and immunofluorescence analyses. HMC-1 human mast cells were cocultured with fibroblasts in vitro; fibroblasts were also grown in HMC-1 conditioned medium. mRNA levels of collagen Type I (Col1a) and transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 were analysed in cultured cells. RESULTS Mast cell numbers in labial salivary glands were significantly greater in patients with pSS than in control individuals. In salivary glands from patients with pSS, mast cell number was significantly correlated with fibrosis extent; moreover, mast cells were located near fibrous tissue and expressed TGFβ1. Col1a and TGFβ1 mRNAs were upregulated in cocultured fibroblasts and HMC-1 cells, respectively. Fibroblasts cultured in HMC-1 conditioned medium exhibited upregulation of Col1a mRNA; this was abrogated by TGFβ1 neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSIONS Mast cell numbers were elevated in patients with pSS-related sialadenitis; these cells were located near fibroblasts and expressed TGFβ1. TGFβ1 could induce collagen synthesis in fibroblasts, which might contribute to fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinjiro Kaieda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Kyoko Fujimoto
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Keita Todoroki
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yushi Abe
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Jingo Kusukawa
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hoshino
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ida
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, Neurology and Rheumatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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23
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Zheng R, Fu Z, Zhao Z. Association of Transforming Growth Factor β1 Gene Polymorphisms and Inflammatory Factor Levels with Susceptibility to Sepsis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2021; 25:187-198. [PMID: 33734893 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2020.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the association of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and plasma TGF-β1 levels with susceptibility to sepsis. Methods: The genotypes of the TGF-β1 gene rs1800469, rs1800468, rs1800470, and rs1800471 loci in 285 sepsis patients (119 patients with severe sepsis and 166 patients with mild sepsis) and 285 healthy individuals (control group) were analyzed through Sanger sequencing. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the levels of plasma inflammatory factors. Results: The TGF-β1 gene SNP rs1800469 C allele was 0.56 times lower than the T allele in terms of risk of susceptibility to sepsis (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.43-0.72, p < 0.01). Carriers of the A allele at the rs1800468 locus of the TGF-β1 were 2.82 times more susceptible to sepsis than those with the G allele (95% CI: 1.62-4.91, p < 0.01). The T allele at the rs1800470 locus of TGF-β1 produced a lower risk of sepsis than those with the C allele (odds ratio [OR] = 0.74, 95% CI: 0.57-0.94, p = 0.02). The risk of susceptibility to sepsis in the TGF-β1 rs1800471 locus G allele was 3.54 times higher than that of C allele (95% CI: 2.14-5.86, p < 0.01). The TGF-β1 gene rs1800469 T > C and rs1800470 C > T were associated with mild sepsis, whereas rs1800468 G > A and rs1800471 C > G were associated with severe sepsis (p < 0.01). The TGF-β1 gene rs1800469 T > C and rs1800470 C > T were associated with lower plasma TGF-β1 levels, whereas rs1800468 G > A and rs1800471 C > G were associated with higher TGF-β1 levels (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The alleles T > C of rs1800469 and C > T of rs1800470 of the TGF-β1 gene were associated with lower plasma TGF-β1 levels and a reduced risk of sepsis susceptibility, whereas the alleles rs1800468 G > A and rs1800471 C > G were associated with higher TGF-β1 levels and risk of susceptibility to sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Zheng
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhongmin Fu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ningbo Yinzhou People's Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Zimiao Zhao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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24
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Huang S, Fu D, Wan Z, Li M, Li H, Chong T. Effects of a gamma-secretase inhibitor of notch signalling on transforming growth factor β1-induced urethral fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:8796-8808. [PMID: 34363303 PMCID: PMC8435429 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Urethral stricture (US) is a common disorder of the lower urinary tract in men caused by fibrosis. The recurrence rate of US is high; however, there are no effective therapies to prevent or treat urethral fibrosis. The pathogenesis of urethral fibrosis involves myofibroblast activation and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. The molecular mechanisms underlying this pathological activation are not completely understood. It has been demonstrated that Notch signalling contributes to the development of fibrosis and inflammation. However, whether this contributes to urethral fibrosis remains unclear. In this study, activation of Notch signalling was observed in patients with US. Additionally, it was noted that activation of Notch signalling promoted ECM production and myofibroblast activation in human urethral scar fibroblasts (HUSFs) treated with transforming growth factor (TGF) β1. However, the Notch inhibitor N‐[N‐(3,5‐difluorophenacetyl)‐L‐alanyl]‐S‐phenylglycine t‐butyl ester (DAPT) suppressed activation of Notch signalling as well as proliferation and migration of the TGFβ1‐treated HUSFs. Additionally, DAPT ameliorated TGFβ1‐induced urethral fibrosis in Sprague Dawley rats by suppressing ECM production, myofibroblast activation and the TGFβ signalling pathway. These findings demonstrate that Notch signalling may be a promising and potential target in the prevention or treatment of urethral fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlong Huang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Delai Fu
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ziyan Wan
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hecheng Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Tie Chong
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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25
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Kulida LV, Malysheva MV, Peretyatko LP, Saryeva OP, Protsenko EV. [Morphopathology of myocardial hypoxic-ischemic injuries in newborns at 22-27 weeks' gestation]. Arkh Patol 2021; 83:29-34. [PMID: 34278758 DOI: 10.17116/patol20218304129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the parameters of myocardial structural injuries developed in chronic intrauterine hypoxia conditions in newborns at 22-27 weeks' gestation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A battery of morphological techniques, including organometry studies and separate weighing of the heart; 3D histology; morphometry with the determination of the area of cardiomyocyte nuclei, the specific area of the muscular and interstitial components of the right ventricular myocardium; immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies to transforming growth factor βı (TGF-βı), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), and transmission electron microscopy, was used to examine heart samples from 30 deceased newborns at 22-27 weeks' gestation who developed in chronic intrauterine hypoxia conditions. A control group consisted of hearts from 20 extremely low body weight (ELBW) newborns, the main cause of whose death was asphyxia caused by the premature detachment of a normally positioned placenta. RESULTS Analysis of the organometric parameters of heart samples from newborns at 22-27 weeks' gestation, who had experienced chronic intrauterine hypoxia, revealed right ventricular hypertrophy with increases in the area of cardiomyocyte nuclei and in the specific area of the muscle component compared to the control group. Impaired myocardial microcirculation and destructive changes in cardiomyocytes were diagnosed in conjunction with the decreased troponin T and increased TGF-β1 expressions. Incomplete differentiation of cardiomyocytes and their myofibrillar component was revealed at the myocardial ultrastructural level in ELBW newborns who had experienced chronic intrauterine hypoxia. CONCLUSION The parameters of myocardial structural rearrangement in ELBW newborns who had experienced chronic intrauterine hypoxia are compensatory right ventricular hypertrophy, microcirculatory disorders, destructive changes in cardiomyocytes, decreased cTnT and increased TGF-β1 expressions in conjunction with impaired cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Kulida
- V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - M V Malysheva
- V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - L P Peretyatko
- V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - O P Saryeva
- V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ivanovo, Russia
| | - E V Protsenko
- V.N. Gorodkov Ivanovo Research Institute of Maternity and Childhood of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Ivanovo, Russia
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26
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Liang Q, Chang Y, Liu J, Yu Y, Qiu W, Li J, Yang X, Sun G. P-Rex1 Cooperates With TGFβR2 to Drive Lung Fibroblast Migration in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:678733. [PMID: 34349645 PMCID: PMC8326510 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.678733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a kind of interstitial lung disease with progressive pulmonary scar formation, leading to irreversible loss of lung functions. The TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway plays a key role in fibrogenic processes. It is associated with the increased synthesis of extracellular matrix, enhanced proliferation of fibroblasts, and transformation of alveolar epithelial cells into interstitial cells. We investigated P-Rex1, a PIP3-Gβγ-dependent guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rac, for its potential role in TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis. A high expression level of P-Rex1 was identified in the lung tissue of patients with pulmonary fibrosis than that from healthy donors. Using the P-Rex1 knockdown and overexpression system, we established a novel player of P-Rex1 in mouse lung fibroblast migration. P-Rex1 contributed to fibrogenic processes in lung fibroblasts by targeting the TGF-β type Ⅱ receptor (TGFβR2). The RNA-seq analysis for expression profiling confirmed the modulation of P-Rex1 in cell migration and the involvement of P-Rex1 in TGF-β1 signaling. These results identified P-Rex1 as a signaling molecule involved in TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis, suggesting that P-Rex1 may be a potential target for pulmonary fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhua Chang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Wuxi People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wancheng Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangchun Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fifth People's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Wang C, Sun C, Zhao Y, Song H, Li Z, Jin F, Cui C. RNF213 gene silencing upregulates transforming growth factor β1 expression in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and is involved in the onset of Moyamoya disease. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1024. [PMID: 34373710 PMCID: PMC8343649 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic and progressive cerebrovascular occlusion disease, the precise etiology of which is poorly understood. Ring finger protein 213 (RNF213) has been previously identified as a susceptibility gene that serves an important role in angiogenesis, where it has been shown to be closely associated with the onset of MMD. Patients with MMD exhibit increased expression levels of various pro-inflammatory molecules and angiogenic factors. Under certain conditions, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have the ability to differentiate to form neuron-like and microglia-like cells. In the present study, a total of 40 MMD patients and 40 healthy individuals were enrolled. ELISA assays revealed that the expression of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were higher than that in healthy controls. Furthermore, rat BMSCs (rBMSCs) were isolated and cultured using the whole bone marrow adherence method, which were then phenotyped using flow cytometry. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation were determined by using Alizarin red and oil red O staining, respectively. RNF213 was knocked-down using a lentivirus-mediated short hairpin RNA system in passage three rBMSCs, and successful transfection of the RNF213 was confirmed by RT-qPCR and fluorescence imaging. The expression levels of VEGF and TGF-β1 in these rBMSCs were measured on days 7 and 14, respectively. The results demonstrated that RNF213 knockdown upregulated TGF-β1 at both protein and mRNA levels, but did not exert any effect on VEGF gene expression. In conclusion, these findings suggested that that RNF213 knockdown may contribute to aberrant TGF-β1 expression via a pathway that remains to be unidentified, indicating that quantitative changes in RNF213 gene expression may serve an important role in the pathogenesis of MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshui Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Cuilian Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Yueshu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Zhengyou Li
- Department of Neurosyrgery, Shandong Province Western Hospital, Shandong Province ENT Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250022, P.R. China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
| | - Changmeng Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong 272000, P.R. China
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28
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Bao S, Jiang X, Jin S, Tu P, Lu J. TGF-β1 Induces Immune Escape by Enhancing PD-1 and CTLA-4 Expression on T Lymphocytes in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:694145. [PMID: 34249750 PMCID: PMC8270637 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.694145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for approximately 90% of PLC cases. The HCC microenvironment plays an important role in the occurrence and development of HCC. Immunotherapy for the HCC microenvironment has become an effective treatment strategy. T lymphocytes are an important part of the HCC microenvironment, and programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) are the main immunosuppressive molecules of T lymphocytes. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) can inhibit the immune function of T lymphocytes and promote the occurrence and development of tumors. However, few studies have explored whether TGF-β1 can upregulate the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on T cells. In this study, we showed that TGF-β1 upregulated the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on T lymphocytes and attenuated the cytotoxicity of T lymphocytes for HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, TGF-β1 increased the apoptosis of T lymphocytes induced by HCC cells. Finally, we found that the mechanism by which TGF-β1 upregulates the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on T lymphocytes may be related to the calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (CaN/NFATc1) pathway. This study will provide some experimental basis for liver cancer immunotherapy based on the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiang Bao
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaopei Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuai Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peipei Tu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jingtao Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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29
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Jäger P, Geyh S, Twarock S, Cadeddu RP, Rabes P, Koch A, Maus U, Hesper T, Zilkens C, Rautenberg C, Bormann F, Köhrer K, Petzsch P, Wieczorek D, Betz B, Surowy H, Hildebrandt B, Germing U, Kobbe G, Haas R, Schroeder T. Acute myeloid leukemia-induced functional inhibition of healthy CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Stem Cells 2021; 39:1270-1284. [PMID: 34013984 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by an expansion of leukemic cells and a simultaneous reduction of normal hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow (BM) resulting in hematopoietic insufficiency, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood in humans. Assuming that leukemic cells functionally inhibit healthy CD34+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) via humoral factors, we exposed healthy BM-derived CD34+ HSPC to cell-free supernatants derived from AML cell lines as well as from 24 newly diagnosed AML patients. Exposure to AML-derived supernatants significantly inhibited proliferation, cell cycling, colony formation, and differentiation of healthy CD34+ HSPC. RNA sequencing of healthy CD34+ HSPC after exposure to leukemic conditions revealed a specific signature of genes related to proliferation, cell-cycle regulation, and differentiation, thereby reflecting their functional inhibition on a molecular level. Experiments with paired patient samples showed that these inhibitory effects are markedly related to the immunomagnetically enriched CD34+ leukemic cell population. Using PCR, ELISA, and RNA sequencing, we detected overexpression of TGFβ1 in leukemic cells on the transcriptional and protein level and, correspondingly, a molecular signature related to TGFβ1 signaling in healthy CD34+ HSPC. This inhibitory effect of TGFβ1 on healthy hematopoiesis was functionally corrobated and could be pharmacologically reverted by SD208, an inhibitor of TGFβ receptor 1 signaling. Overall, these data indicate that leukemic cells induce functional inhibition of healthy CD34+ HSPC, at least in part, through TGFβ1, suggesting that blockage of this pathway may improve hematopoiesis in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jäger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefanie Geyh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sören Twarock
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ron-Patrick Cadeddu
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pablo Rabes
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Annemarie Koch
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Maus
- Department of Orthopaedies and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Hesper
- Department of Orthopaedies and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Zilkens
- Department of Orthopaedies and Hand Surgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Rautenberg
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Karl Köhrer
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrick Petzsch
- Biological and Medical Research Center (BMFZ), Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dagmar Wieczorek
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Beate Betz
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Harald Surowy
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Barbara Hildebrandt
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Germing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guido Kobbe
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rainer Haas
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Schroeder
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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30
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Liu F, Yu C, Qin H, Zhang S, Fang L, Wang Y, Wang J, Cui B, Hu S, Liu N, Zhuang S. Nintedanib attenuates peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, inflammation and angiogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:6103-6114. [PMID: 33949772 PMCID: PMC8256343 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nintedanib, an Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved multiple tyrosine kinase inhibitor, exhibits an anti-fibrotic effect in lung and kidneys. Its effect on peritoneal fibrosis remains unexplored. In this study, we found that nintedanib administration lessened chlorhexidine gluconate (CG)-induced peritoneal fibrosis and reduced collagen I and fibronectin expression. This coincided with suppressed phosphorylation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptors, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and Src family kinase. Mechanistically, nintedanib inhibited injury-induced mesothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (MMT), as demonstrated by decreased expression of α-smooth muscle antigen and vimentin and preserved expression of E-cadherin in the CG-injured peritoneum and cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells exposed to transforming growth factor-β1. Nintedanib also suppressed expression of Snail and Twist, two transcription factors associated with MMT in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, nintedanib treatment inhibited expression of several cytokines/chemokines, including tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and prevented infiltration of macrophages to the injured peritoneum. Finally, nintedanib reduced CG-induced peritoneal vascularization. These data suggest that nintedanib may attenuate peritoneal fibrosis by inhibiting MMT, inflammation, and angiogenesis and have therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of peritoneal fibrosis in patients on peritoneal dialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of NephrologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Chao Yu
- Department of NephrologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Huan Qin
- Department of NephrologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shenglei Zhang
- Department of NephrologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lu Fang
- Department of NephrologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of NephrologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of NephrologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Binbin Cui
- Department of NephrologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Susie Hu
- Department of MedicineRhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA
| | - Na Liu
- Department of NephrologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Shougang Zhuang
- Department of NephrologyShanghai East HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Department of MedicineRhode Island Hospital and Alpert Medical SchoolBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA
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31
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Cao J, Xu T, Zhou C, Wang S, Jiang B, Wu K, Ma L. NR4A1 knockdown confers hepatoprotection against ischaemia-reperfusion injury by suppressing TGFβ1 via inhibition of CYR61/NF-κB in mouse hepatocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5099-5112. [PMID: 33942481 PMCID: PMC8178266 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1 (NR4A1) can aggravate ischaemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury in the heart, kidney and brain. Thus, the present study aimed to unravel the role of NR4A1 on hepatic I/R injury. For this purpose, the mouse hepatic I/R model and H/R‐exposed mouse hepatocytes model were established to stimulate the hepatic and hepatocellular damage. Then, the levels of ALT and AST as well as TNF‐α and IL‐1β expression were measured in the mouse serum and supernatant of hepatocyte s, respectively. Thereafter, we quantified the levels of NR4A1, CYR61, NF‐kB p65 and TGFβ1 under pathological conditions, and their interactions were analysed using ChIP and dual‐luciferase reporter gene assays. The in vivo and in vitro effects of NR4A1, CYR61, NF‐kB p65 and TGFβ1 on I/R‐induced hepatic and H/R‐induced hepatocellular damage were evaluated using gain‐ and loss‐of‐function approaches. NR4A1 was up‐regulated in the hepatic tissues of I/R‐operated mice and in H/R‐treated hepatocytes. Silencing NR4A1 relieved the I/R‐induced hepatic injury, as supported by suppression of ALT and AST as well as TNF‐α and IL‐1β. Meanwhile, NR4A1 knockdown attenuated the H/R‐induced hepatocellular damage by inhibiting the apoptosis of hepatocyte s. Moreover, we also found that NR4A1 up‐regulated the expression of CYR61 which resulted in the activation of the NF‐κB signalling pathway, thereby enhancing the transcription of TGFβ1, which was validated to be the mechanism underlying the contributory role of NR4A1 in hepatic I/R injury. Taken together, NR4A1 silencing reduced the expression of CYR61/NF‐κB/TGFβ1, thereby relieving the hepatic I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cao
- Department of hepatic and Laparoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Ting Xu
- The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Chengming Zhou
- Department of hepatic and Laparoscopic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shaochuang Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Baofei Jiang
- Department of General surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Kun Wu
- Department of General surgery, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Long Ma
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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32
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Dergilev KV, Vasilets YD, Tsokolaeva ZI, Parfenova EV. Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 (TGF-β1) Regulates Assembly of Cardiac Spheroids. Bull Exp Biol Med 2021; 170:550-554. [PMID: 33725254 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-021-05104-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cells of all tissues in human body interact with their neighboring cells and components of the extracellular matrix thereby creating a unique 3D microenvironment. These interactions are realized through a complex network of biochemical and mechanical signals that are important in maintaining normal cellular homeostasis. Numerous attempts have been undertaken during the last two decades to develop 3D models for studying their properties and understanding the mechanisms of regulation of cell microenvironment in vivo. Cardiac spheroids (cardiospheres) are one these models of cardiac microenvironment. In this study we demonstrate that unique microenvironment formed in cardiospheres consists of stem/progenitor and mesenchymal cells surrounded by extracellular matrix proteins synthesized by these cells. TGF-β1 participates in the regulation of contraction of cells forming cardiospheres, promotes activation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition and self-organization of cells, which leads to the formation of larger spheroids. Thereby, the effect of TGF-β1 on the cells of cardiospheres can serve as a model for studying the mechanisms of regulation of cardiac microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Dergilev
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yu D Vasilets
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Z I Tsokolaeva
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,V. A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Parfenova
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis, Institute of Experimental Cardiology, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Postgenomic Technologies in Medicine, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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33
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Huang C, Yi H, Shi Y, Cao Q, Shi Y, Cheng D, Braet F, Chen XM, Pollock CA. KCa3.1 Mediates Dysregulation of Mitochondrial Quality Control in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:573814. [PMID: 33681190 PMCID: PMC7933228 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.573814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. Mitochondrial quality control is primarily mediated by mitochondrial turnover and repair through mitochondrial fission/fusion and mitophagy. We have previously shown that blockade of the calcium-activated potassium channel KCa3.1 ameliorates diabetic renal fibrosis. However, the mechanistic link between KCa3.1 and mitochondrial quality control in diabetic kidney disease is not yet known. Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a central role in diabetic kidney disease. Recent studies indicate an emerging role of TGF-β1 in the regulation of mitochondrial function. However, the molecular mechanism mediating mitochondrial quality control in response to TGF-β1 remains limited. In this study, mitochondrial function was assessed in TGF-β1-exposed renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HK2 cells) transfected with scrambled siRNA or KCa3.1 siRNA. In vivo, diabetes was induced in KCa3.1+/+ and KCa3.1−/− mice by low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection. Mitochondrial fission/fusion-related proteins and mitophagy markers, as well as BCL2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) (a mitophagy regulator) were examined in HK2 cells and diabetic mice kidneys. The in vitro results showed that TGF-β1 significantly inhibited mitochondrial ATP production rate and increased mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production when compared to control, which was normalized by KCa3.1 gene silencing. Increased fission and suppressed fusion were found in both TGF-β1-treated HK2 cells and diabetic mice, which were reversed by KCa3.1 deficiency. Furthermore, our results showed that mitophagy was inhibited in both in vitro and in vivo models of diabetic kidney disease. KCa3.1 deficiency restored abnormal mitophagy by inhibiting BNIP3 expression in TGF-β1-induced HK2 cells as well as in the diabetic mice. Collectively, these results indicate that KCa3.1 mediates the dysregulation of mitochondrial quality control in diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Huang
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hao Yi
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying Shi
- Division of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Qinghua Cao
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Yin Shi
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Delfine Cheng
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Filip Braet
- Discipline of Anatomy and Histology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Kolling Institute, Sydney Medical School Northern, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Zhang Q, Xiang W, Xue BZ, Yi DY, Zhao HY, Fu P. Growth factors contribute to the mediation of angiogenic capacity of glioma-associated mesenchymal stem cells. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:215. [PMID: 33552293 PMCID: PMC7836385 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are important components of stromal cell populations and serve a crucial role in tumor growth and progression. Previously, our laboratory successfully isolated and cultured MSCs from human glioma issues and demonstrated that glioma-associated mesenchymal stem cells (gb-MSCs) participate in and maintain tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, growth factors, such as fibroblast growth factor and vascular endothelial cell growth factor, were demonstrated to be associated with endothelial cell tube formation. However, the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) on the angiogenic activity of gb-MSCs remains unknown. The present study aimed therefore to explore their effects in gb-MSCs angiogenesis. In the present study, gb-MSCs were isolated from patients with glioma and were characterized using flow cytometry and differentiation experiments. Furthermore, the results from tube formation assay revealed that TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB could mediate the angiogenic capacity of gb-MSCs in vitro. In addition, results from immunofluorescence demonstrated that gb-MSCs expressed TGF-β1R and PDGFR, which are the receptors for TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB, respectively. Taken together, these findings indicated that TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB may serve a crucial role in mediating gb-MSC angiogenesis, which might provide a therapeutic strategy for targeting the angiogenic capacity of gb-MSCs in patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China.,Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute and Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Fengtai, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Zhou Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Ye Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Peng Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Meng X, Gao X, Chen X, Yu J. Umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells exert anti-fibrotic action on hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts in co-culture by inhibiting the activation of the TGF β1/Smad3 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:210. [PMID: 33574910 PMCID: PMC7818529 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A hypertrophic scar (HS) is a severe fibrotic skin disease that causes disfigurement and deformity. It occurs after deep cutaneous injury and presents a major clinical challenge. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) on hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs), one of the main effector cells for HS formation, in a co-culture system and to investigate the potential underlying molecular mechanism. Cultured HSFs were divided into control and co-culture groups. The proliferation ability of HSFs was evaluated using cell counting kit-8 and the percentage of Ki67-positive fibroblasts was assessed by immunofluorescence. The apoptosis of HSFs was determined using a TUNEL assay and by assessing the expression of capase-3 via western blotting. A scratch wound healing assay was employed to examine the migration of HSFs. The expression levels of HS-associated genes (collagen type Iα 2 chain, collagen type IIIα 1 chain and actin α 2 smooth muscle) and proteins (collagen I, collagen III and α-smooth muscle actin) were measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blotting, respectively, to assess the pro-fibrotic phenotype of HSFs. The modulation of the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF β1)/Smad3 pathway in HSFs was evaluated by measuring the protein levels of TGF β1, Smad3 and phosphorylated Smad3 using western blotting, and the mRNA levels of TGFβ1 and several other target genes (cellular communication network factor 2, metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 and periostin) were measured by RT-qPCR. The proliferative and migratory ability of co-cultured HSFs was suppressed compared with controls, and no significant difference in apoptosis was observed between the two groups. The pro-fibrotic phenotype of co-cultured HSFs was inhibited due to a decline in expression levels of HS-associated genes and proteins. Furthermore, co-culture with UCMSCs inhibited the activation of the TGF β1/Smad3 pathway. In conclusion, the present study indicated that UCMSCs may exert an anti-fibrotic action on HSFs in co-culture through inhibition of the TGF β1/Smad3 pathway, which suggests a potential use for UCMSCs in HS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Meng
- Department of Burns Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Gao
- Department of Burns Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Burns Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
| | - Jiaao Yu
- Department of Burns Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130000, P.R. China
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Panahipour L, Omerbasic A, Nasirzade J, Gruber R. TGF-β Activity of a Demineralized Bone Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E664. [PMID: 33440877 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Allografts consisting of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) are supposed to retain the growth factors of native bone. However, it is not clear if transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is maintained in the acid-extracted human bone. To this aim, the aqueous solutions of supernatants and acid lysates of OraGRAFT® Demineralized Cortical Particulate and OraGRAFT® Prime were prepared. Exposing fibroblasts to the aqueous solution caused a TGF-β receptor type I kinase-inhibitor SB431542-dependent increase in interleukin 11 (IL11), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), and proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) expression. Interleukin 11 expression and the presence of TGF-β1 in the aqueous solutions were confirmed by immunoassay. Immunofluorescence further confirmed the nuclear translocation of Smad2/3 when fibroblasts were exposed to the aqueous solutions of both allografts. Moreover, allografts released matrix metalloprotease-2 activity and blocking proteases diminished the cellular TGF-β response to the supernatant. These results suggest that TGF-β is preserved upon the processing of OraGRAFT® and released by proteolytic activity into the aqueous solution.
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Zhang Y, Chen WG, Yang SZ, Qiu H, Hu X, Qiu YY, Wen X, Zhou Y, Chu TW. Up-regulation of TβRIII facilitates the osteogenesis of supraspinous ligament-derived fibroblasts from patients with ankylosing spondylitis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1613-1623. [PMID: 33410269 PMCID: PMC7875912 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal supraspinous ligament (SL) osteogenesis is the key risk of ankylosing spondylitis (AS), with an unclear pathogenesis. We previously found that transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), bone morphogenetic proteins (eg BMP2) and type III TGF‐β1 receptor (TβRIII) expression were markedly up‐regulated in AS‐SLs. However, the roles of these closely related molecules in AS are unknown. Here, we showed that BMP2, TGF‐β1, TβRIII and S100A4 (a fibroblast marker) were abundant in active osteogenic AS‐SL tissues. In vitro, AS‐SL fibroblasts (AS‐SLFs) showed high BMP2, TGF‐β1 and TβRIII expression and auto‐osteogenic capacity. We further evaluated the role of TβRIII in the osteogenesis of normal SLFs. BMP2 combined with TGF‐β1 induced the osteogenesis of TβRIII‐overexpressing SLFs, but the activity was lost in SLFs upon TβRIII knockdown. Moreover, our data suggested that BMP2 combined with TGF‐β1 significantly activated both TGF‐β1/Smad signalling and BMP2/Smad/RUNX2 signalling to induce osteogenesis of SLFs with TβRIII up‐regulation. Furthermore, our multi‐strategy molecular interaction analysis approach indicated that TGF‐β1 presented BMP2 to TβRIII, sequentially facilitating BMP2 recognition by BMPR1A and promoting the osteogenesis of TβRIII‐overexpressing SLFs. Collectively, our results indicate that TGF‐β1 combined with BMP2 may participate in the osteogenic differentiation of AS‐SLF by acting on up‐regulated TβRIII, resulting in excessive activation of both TGF‐β1/Smad and BMP2/BMPR1A/Smad/RUNX2 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wu-Gui Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Si-Zhen Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-Yun Qiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Wen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Wei Chu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhu X, Qin X, Wang X, Wang Y, Cao W, Zhang J, Chen W. Oral cancer cell‑derived exosomes modulate natural killer cell activity by regulating the receptors on these cells. Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:2115-2125. [PMID: 33125101 PMCID: PMC7595664 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer (OC) is the most common type of head and neck malignant tumor. Tumor‑derived exosomes induce a complex extracellular environment that affects tumor immunity. In the present study, exosomes were isolated from OC cell lines (WSU‑HN4 and SCC‑9) by ultrafiltration and the protein content of these oral cancer‑derived exosomes (OCEXs) was analyzed by mass spectrometry, which revealed the enrichment of transforming growth factor (TGF)‑β1. Natural killer (NK) cells were examined by flow cytometry following co‑culture with OCEXs. The expression of killer cell lectin like receptor K1 (KLRK1; also known as NKG2D, as used herein) and natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3 (NCR3; also known as NKp30, as used herein) in NK cells was found to be significantly upregulated following co‑culture with the OCEXs for 1 day, whereas this expression decreased at 7 days. Killer cell lectin like receptor C1 (KLRC1; also known as NKG2A; as used herein) expression exhibited an opposite trend at 1 day. In addition, NK cell cytotoxicity against the OC cells was enhanced at 1 day, but was attenuated at 7 days. TGF‑β1 inhibited the function of NK cells at 7 days, whereas it had no obvious effects at 1 and 3 days. On the whole, the findings of the present study reveal changes in NK cell function and provide new insight into NK cell dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yingnan Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wei Cao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
- Correspondence to: Professor Wantao Chen, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology and Faculty of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Ding Q, Sun N, Wang X. [Effect of glycoside of short-horned epimedium Herb on the expressions of transforming growth factor β 1 and basic fibroblast growth factor induced membrane by Masquelet technology]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 34:1405-1409. [PMID: 33191698 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201905060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To observe the expressions of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced membrane by Masquelet technique in rats treated with glycoside of short-horned epimedium Herb, and to explore the effect of glycoside of short-horned epimedium Herb on Masquelet induced membrane. Methods Sixty 3-month-old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 20 rats in each group; a tibial bone defect (6 mm in length) model was established. The blank group (group A) was not treated; the control group (group B) and the experimental group (group C) were filled with vancomycin antibiotic bone cement in the drawing stage, and the bone cement was completely solidified. Group C was given perfused flavonoids glycoside of short-horned epimedium Herb (10 μmol/L) by gavage once a day (0.3 mL) from 1 day after operation, and groups A and B were given the same amount of normal saline by gavage. After operation, the recovery and wound healing of experimental animals were observed; at 4 weeks after operation, X-ray film was taken to observe the recovery of bone defect of proximal tibia; at 6 weeks after operation, the bone defect was observed, and the morphological changes and vascularization degree of granulation tissue and induction membrane tissue were observed; the expressions of TGF-β 1 and bFGF were observed by immunohistochemistry staining and ELISA detection. Results The bone defect models of the 3 groups were established successfully, and there was no abnormality after operation. The incisions healed by first intention after operation. At 4 weeks after operation, X-ray films of proximal tibial defect showed that there was obvious space in group A, while bone cement was filled and Kirschner wire fixation was good in groups B and C. At 6 weeks after operation, the gross observation showed that the granulation tissue was filled in the defect area in group A; transparent membrane was formed in groups B and C, and microvessels were seen in some areas, and the microvessels in group C were significantly more than those in group B. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the expressions of TGF-β 1 and bFGF were negative in group A, but they were expressed in groups B and C, and the expressions of TGF-β 1 and bFGF in group B were significantly less than those in group C. ELISA detection showed that the expressions of TGF-β 1 and bFGF in group C were significantly higher than those in groups A and B ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between groups A and B ( P>0.05). Conclusion Glycoside of short-horned epimedium Herb can significantly increase the expressions of TGF-β 1 and bFGF, accelerate the process of osteogenesis, and contribute to bone shaping and reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Ding
- Department of Osteonecrosis, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Luoyang Henan, 471002, P.R.China
| | - Nan Sun
- Department of Osteonecrosis, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Luoyang Henan, 471002, P.R.China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Osteonecrosis, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Luoyang Henan, 471002, P.R.China
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Zhang J, Jiang N, Ping J, Xu L. TGF‑β1‑induced autophagy activates hepatic stellate cells via the ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Int J Mol Med 2020; 47:256-266. [PMID: 33236148 PMCID: PMC7723502 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is one of the most important fibrogenic factors promoting the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Autophagy is a process used by cells to degrade and recycle cellular proteins. Although TGF-β1 induces autophagy in several other cellular systems, the association between its effect on fibrogenesis and autophagy in HSCs have not been determined. Liver tissues from C57BL/6 mice and the mouse HSC line JS1 were analyzed. Acute and chronic liver injury models were induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and JS1 cells were stimulated by TGF-β1 to assess the mechanism and relationship between autophagy and fibrosis. Liver tissues from acute and chronic injury models induced by CCl4 demonstrated evidence of increased autophagic activity, as assessed by the expression of the microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3BII protein. TGF-β1 stimulated the activation of JS1 cells and simultaneously increased autophagy flux. However, this effect was attenuated when autophagy was inhibited using chloroquine, 3-methyladenine or lentiviral short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of autophagy-related gene 7. Furthermore, whether MAPK, including ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK cascades were associated with TGF-β1-induced autophagy in JS1 cells was determined. Subsequently, it was shown that the ERK inhibitor, PD98059, and JNK inhibitor, SP600125, were able to reverse TGF-β1-induced autophagy and fibrosis. The results of the present study suggest that TGF-β1-induced autophagy is involved in the activation of JS1 cells, possibly through activation of the ERK and JNK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Na Jiang
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ping
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
| | - Lieming Xu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P.R. China
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Miki Y, Yashiro M, Moyano-Galceran L, Sugimoto A, Ohira M, Lehti K. Crosstalk Between Cancer Associated Fibroblasts and Cancer Cells in Scirrhous Type Gastric Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:568557. [PMID: 33178597 PMCID: PMC7596590 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.568557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause among all cancer deaths globally. Although the treatment outcome of GC has improved, the survival of patients with GC at stages III and IV remains unsatisfactory. Among several types of GC, scirrhous type GC (SGC) shows highly aggressive growth and invasive activity, leading to frequent peritoneal metastasis. SGC is well known to accompany abundant stromal cells that compose the tumor microenvironment (TME) along with the produced extracellular matrix (ECM) and secreted factors. One of the main stromal components is cancer associated fibroblast (CAF). In the SGC microenvironment, CAFs are a source of various secreted factors, including fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), which mediate prominent tumor-stimulating activity. In turn, cancer cells also secrete numerous factors, which can activate and educate CAFs. Current findings suggest that cancer cells and stromal cells communicate interactively via the soluble factors, the ECM, and likely also by exosomes. In this review, we focus on the soluble factors mediating communication between cancer cells and CAFs in SGC, and consider how they are related to the modulation of TME and the high rate of peritoneal metastasis. At last, we discuss the perspectives on targeting these communication pathways for improved future treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Miki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masakazu Yashiro
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lidia Moyano-Galceran
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Atsushi Sugimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaichi Ohira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaisa Lehti
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Khedr EM, Gomaa AMS, Ahmed OG, Sayed HMM, Gamea A. Cognitive Impairment, P300, and Transforming Growth Factor β1 in Different Forms of Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:837-845. [PMID: 33044184 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are currently few biomarkers to assist in early diagnosis of dementias. OBJECTIVE To distinguish between different dementias: Alzheimer's disease (AD), vascular dementia (VaD), and Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD) using simple neurophysiologic (P300) and laboratory markers (transforming growth factor β1 "TGF-β1"). METHODS The study included 15 patients for each type of dementia and 25 age- and sex-matched control subjects. Dementia patients were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition-revised (DSM-IV-R). Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS), Memory Assessment Scale (MAS), P300, and TGF-β1 were examined for each participant. RESULTS There were no significant differences between groups as regard to age, sex, and education, social, and economic levels. Significant differences between groups were observed in registration and naming variables of the 3MS. Compared with the control group, P300 latency was prolonged in all groups, although to a greater extent in AD and PDD than in VaD. A serum level of TGF-β1 was significantly elevated in all groups but was significantly higher in AD and VaD than in PDD. 3MS tended to correlate with P300 more than TGF-β1, and to be stronger in AD than the other groups. CONCLUSION Measurements of P300 latency and serum levels of TGF-β1 can help distinguish AD, PDD, and VaD. P300 was more prolonged in AD and PDD than VaD whereas TGF-β1 was significantly higher in AD and VaD than PDD. Thus P300 and TGF-β1 may be useful biomarkers for detection and evaluation of the extent of cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman M Khedr
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Asmaa M S Gomaa
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Omyma G Ahmed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanaa M M Sayed
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ayman Gamea
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
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Zong M, Zhao H, Li Q, Li Y, Zhang J. Irbesartan ameliorates myocardial fibrosis in diabetic cardiomyopathy rats by inhibiting the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:117. [PMID: 33005243 PMCID: PMC7523283 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis (MF) is an important pathological change in diabetic cardiomyopathy. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether irbesartan serves a role in improving MF in a diabetic rat model. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were measured in rats using biochemical methods. Heart weight index (HWI), left ventricular weight index (LVWI), left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP) and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) were also measured, whilst type I collagen and hydroxyproline content in myocardial tissue was quantified. Western blotting was used to measure the expression of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), phosphorylated (p)-Smad2/3 and collagen type I α 1 chain (COL1A1) inmyocardial tissues or rat cardiac fibroblast (RCF) cells. Cell proliferation was measured using EdU staining. Procollagen type III N-terminal peptide (PIIINP) content, FBG, TC, TG and LDL-C levels were found to be significantly higher, whilst HDL-C levels were found to be significantly lower in rats in the diabetic group. Those in the diabetic group also exhibited significantly elevated HWI, LVWI, LVEDP, myocardial tissue type I collagen content and hydroxyproline content values, but significantly reduced LVSP. Changes in the aforementioned indicators were reversed after treatment with irbesartan, where the protein expression levels of TGFβ1 and p-Smad2/3 in myocardial tissue were also significantly reduced. In RCF cells, irbesartan significantly reversed high glucose-induced upregulation of TGFβ1 expression, Smad2/3 phosphorylation and COL1A1 expression, as well as reducing cell proliferation and rat type I PICP and PIIINP levels. Application of pirfenidone produced additive effects on reducing the expression levels of the proteins aforementioned when combined with irbesartan. Therefore, the present results demonstrated that irbesartan reduced the activity of the TGFβ1/Smad2/3 pathway and ameliorated diabetic MF by downregulating the expression of TGFβ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zong
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Yanbing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100043, P.R. China
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Liu F, Wang H, Zhang M. Distinct prognostic values and antitumor effects of tumor growth factor β1 and its receptors in gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2621-2632. [PMID: 32782580 PMCID: PMC7400994 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies and is the second leading cause of cancer-associated mortality world-wide. In the present study, the prognostic value and antitumor effects of transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and its receptors in GC were explored. The online Kaplan-Meier plotter database was used to investigate the prognostic values of TGFβ1 and its receptors. The present study demonstrated that low mRNA expression levels of TGFβ1 and its 3 receptors, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβR1), TGFβR2 and TGFβR3, was associated with improved overall survival time in patients with GC. Cell Counting Kit-8 and Transwell assays were used to confirm the effects of TGFβ1, TGFβR1, TGFβR2 and TGFβR3 on the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of the AGS and MKN45 GC cell lines. It was found that the knockdown of these genes blocked cell proliferation, migration and invasion in GC cells. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to determine the role of TGFβR1 and TGFβR3 in GC cells. The results indicate that in addition to TGFβ1 and TGFβR2, TGFβR1 also plays a specific role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Thus, these markers may be considered as potential prognostic indicators in human GC. The findings of the present study indicate that not only TGFβ1 and TGFβR2, but also TGFβR1 is involved in the progression of GC. The findings of the present study provide new ideas and approaches for the treatment of patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengping Liu
- Operation Room, Linyi Lanshan Cancer Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276002, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Operation Room, Linyi Lanshan Cancer Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276002, P.R. China
| | - Mei Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy Technology, Linyi Lanshan Cancer Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276002, P.R. China
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Li YY, Jiang GT, Chen LJ, Jiang YH, Jiao JD. Formin mDia1 contributes to migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tubular epithelial cells exposed to TGF-β1. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3861-3870. [PMID: 31692057 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Renal tubular epithelial cells may undergo epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in response to stimuli, such as transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, leading to myofibroblast activation and renal fibrosis. The formin mDia1 is required for nucleation and polymerization of actin and the microtubule cytoskeleton. The present study sought to explore the role of mDia1 in EMT of tubular epithelial cells. A rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) was established. The expression of TGF-β1, collagen I, collagen III, and mDia1 in the kidneys was examined at day 7 after surgery. The effect of mDia1 on EMT was explored in NRK-52E cells by exposing them to TGF-β1. Increased expression of TGF-β1, collagen I, collagen III, and mDia1 was found in obstructive kidneys of UUO model rats. Exposing rat tubular epithelial cells to TGF-β1 promoted collagen I and collagen III expression but had no effect on mDia1 expression. Silencing mDia1 expression impeded epithelial cell migration as well as reduced TGF-β1, collagen, and Profilin1 expression, whereas mDia1 overexpression exerted an opposite effect. Furthermore, mDia1 regulated the expression of vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin, and E-cadherin and focal adhesion-kinase (FAK)/Src activation through Profilin1. Inhibition of the mDia1 activator RhoA by fasudil reversed EMT, and FAK/Src activation induced by mDia1. In conclusion, mDia1 regulated tubular epithelial cell migration, collagen expression, and EMT in NRK-52E cells exposed to TGF-β1. Thus, suppression of mDia1 activation might be a strategy to counteract renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ying Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.,Department of Nephrology, The 962 Hospital of PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guo-Tao Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Li-Jie Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Hospital of Harbin, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yan-Hong Jiang
- Department of Paediatrics, Hefei BOE Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun-Dong Jiao
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Correction: The deregulation of STIM1 and store operative calcium entry (SOCE) impaired aortic smooth muscle cells contractility in aortic medial degeneration. Biosci Rep 2020; 40:BSR-20181504_COR. [PMID: 32691070 DOI: 10.1042/BSR-20181504_COR] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Zhang T, Zhou Y, You B, You Y, Yan Y, Zhang J, Pei Y, Zhang W, Chen J. miR-30a-5p Inhibits Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition by Targeting CDK6 in Nasal Polyps. Am J Rhinol Allergy 2020; 35:152-163. [PMID: 32623901 DOI: 10.1177/1945892420939814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is considered as a crucial event in disease development and dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) is involved in the regulation of EMT in various human diseases. Emerging evidences congregated over the years have demonstrated that miR-30a-5p was decreased in diseases and its overexpression inhibited the process of diseases via attenuating EMT. Although aberrant expression of miRNAs and occurrence of EMT were previously reported in Nasal Polyps (NPs), the role of miR-30a-5p in EMT of NPs is still remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of our present study was to explore the expression and potential function of miR-30a-5p in EMT of NPs. METHODS The expression of miR-30a-5p and mRNA expression level were detected by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) - induced EMT model and NPs patients. Western Blot (WB) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed to evaluate the protein expression level of EMT markers. The cells mobility was assessed by Wound-Healing assay. Luciferase reporter assay was utilized to verify the relationship between Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) and miR-30a-5p. RESULTS Firstly, we observed that miR-30a-5p was down-regulated notably, accompanying with the alteration of EMT markers expression in NPs tissues and EMT model induced by TGF-β1 in primary Human Nasal Epithelial Cells (pHNECs) and A549 cells in vitro. Moreover, the functional assays demonstrated that overexpression of miR-30a-5p significantly inhibited EMT and cells mobility. Subsequently, CDK6 was validated as a direct target of miR-30a-5p. Finally, we performed the rescue experiments indicating that overexpression of CDK6 eliminated the suppressive effects of miR-30a-5p in TGF-β1-induced EMT in pHNECs and A549 cells. CONCLUSION Taken together, our results suggested that EMT was involved in NPs, and overexpression of miR-30a-5p could attenuate EMT via repressing the expression of the CDK6 in pHNECs and A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo You
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiwen You
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yongbing Yan
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinyin Pei
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Institute of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
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Wang B, Wang H, Zhang M, Ji R, Wei J, Xin Y, Jiang X. Radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis: Mechanisms underlying its pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7717-7729. [PMID: 32536032 PMCID: PMC7348163 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis (RIMF) is a potentially lethal clinical complication of chest radiotherapy (RT) and a final stage of radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD). RIMF is characterized by decreased ventricular elasticity and distensibility, which can result in decreased ejection fraction, heart failure and even sudden cardiac death. Together, these conditions impair the long-term health of post-RT survivors and limit the dose and intensity of RT required to effectively kill tumour cells. Although the exact mechanisms involving in RIMF are unclear, increasing evidence indicates that the occurrence of RIMF is related to various cells, regulatory molecules and cytokines. However, accurately diagnosing and identifying patients who may progress to RIMF has been challenging. Despite the urgent need for an effective treatment, there is currently no medical therapy for RIMF approved for routine clinical application. In this review, we investigated the underlying pathophysiology involved in the initiation and progression of RIMF before outlining potential preventative and therapeutic strategies to counter this toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of RadiobiologySchool of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Huanhuan Wang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of RadiobiologySchool of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Phase I Clinical Research CenterThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of BiologyValencia CollegeOrlandoFLUSA
| | - Jinlong Wei
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Ying Xin
- Key Laboratory of PathobiologyMinistry of EducationJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Xin Jiang
- Department of Radiation OncologyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology & TherapyThe First Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- NHC Key Laboratory of RadiobiologySchool of Public HealthJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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Wang J, Luo Y, Bi P, Lu J, Wang F, Liu X, Zhang B, Li X. Mechanisms of Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 favor Tregs accumulation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Med 2020; 9:5598-5608. [PMID: 32573058 PMCID: PMC7402843 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Documented reports proved that Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) infection increased infiltration of Tregs in malignancy. However, the mechanism of EBV recruitment Tregs into nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) tissues has not been detailed discussion. Methods Expression of EBV nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) and Foxp3 in NPC tissue samples was detected by immunohistochemistry. EBNA1+ NPC cell lines were used to coculture with PBMC, naïve T cells, Tregs, and monocytes. Percent of Treg was detected by flow cytometry. Results EBNA1 protein was overexpressed in NPC tissues, and was associated with a number of infiltrated Tregs. EBNA1+ NPC cells converted naïve T cells into Tregs by up‐regulated TGF‐β1. Enhanced CCL20 production in EBNA1‐expressed tumor cells increased Tregs migration. Polarized‐M2 macrophages by EBNA1 expression cells converted naïve T cells into Tregs. Conclusions EBNA1 favors accumulation of Tregs in NPC through: (a) upregulated TGF‐β1 converted naïve T cell into Treg; (b) upregulated CCL20 increased Treg migration; and (c) polarized‐M2 macrophage converted naïve T cell into Treg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunfan Luo
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Bi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangping Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu J, Gui X, Jiang H, Liang X, Wang E, Xu X, Chen X, Wu X. [Study on effect of echinococcus granulosus protoscolices on fibrosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells]. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 2020; 34:630-636. [PMID: 32410432 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201909050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effect of echinococcus granulosus protoscolices on the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into fibroblasts. Methods Femur bone marrow of 4-week-old C57BL/6 mice was taken and BMSCs were isolated and cultured by adherent culture. Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices was extracted from the liver of sheep infected with echinococcus granulosus. The experiment was divided into two groups. The experimental group was co-cultured with the 3rd generation BMSCs and the echinococcus granulosus protoscolices, and the control group was the 3rd generation BMSCs. Before and after co-culture, the morphology of BMSCs and the activity of echinococcus granulosus protoscolices were observed by inverted microscope. After cultured for 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, the mRNA expressions of transforming growth factor β 1 (TGF-β 1), collagen type Ⅰ, and collagen type Ⅲ were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR, the protein expressions of TGF-β 1, collagen type Ⅰ, collagen type Ⅲ, Smad7, and phosphorylated Smad2/3 were detected by Western blot, and the contents of collagen type Ⅰ and collagen type Ⅲ in the supernatant of the two groups were detected by ELISA. Results After 7 days of co-culture, the morphology of BMSCs changed into fusiform and irregular triangle, which was closer to the mouse fibroblasts. The relative mRNA expressions of TGF-β 1, collagen type Ⅰ, and collagen type Ⅲ in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group; the relative protein expressions of TGF-β 1, collagen type Ⅰ, collagen type Ⅲ, and phosphorylated Smad2/3 in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the relative protein expression of Smad7 in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group; the contents of collagen type Ⅰ and collagen type Ⅲ in the supernatant of the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The differences between the two groups were significant ( P<0.05). Conclusion Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices may promote the secretion of collagen type Ⅰ, collagen type Ⅲ, and TGF-β 1 by TGF-β 1/Smad signal pathway, which can promote the fibrosis of BMSCs that related to the formation of fibrocystic wall by echinococcosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang, 832008, P.R.China
| | - Xianwei Gui
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang, 832008, P.R.China
| | - Huijiao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang, 832008, P.R.China
| | - Xueqi Liang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang, 832008, P.R.China
| | - Erqiang Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang, 832008, P.R.China
| | - Xiaodan Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang, 832008, P.R.China
| | - Xueling Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang, 832008, P.R.China
| | - Xiangwei Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi Xinjiang, 832008, P.R.China
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