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Eriksson V, Beckerman L, Aerts E, Andersson Trojer M, Evenäs L. Polyanhydride Microcapsules Exhibiting a Sharp pH Transition at Physiological Conditions for Instantaneous Triggered Release. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:18003-18010. [PMID: 37976413 PMCID: PMC10720446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Stimulus-responsive microcapsules pose an opportunity to achieve controlled release of the entire load instantaneously upon exposure to an external stimulus. Core-shell microcapsules based on the polyanhydride poly(bis(2-carboxyphenyl)adipate) as a shell were formulated in this work to encapsulate the model active substance pyrene and enable a pH-controlled triggered release. A remarkably narrow triggering pH interval was found where a change in pH from 6.4 to 6.9 allowed for release of the entire core content within seconds. The degradation kinetics of the shell were measured by both spectrophotometric detection of degradation products and mass changes by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring and were found to correlate excellently with diffusion coefficients fitted to release measurements at varying pH values. The microcapsules presented in this work allow for an almost instantaneous triggered release even under mild conditions, thanks to the designed core-shell morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktor Eriksson
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Leyla Beckerman
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Erik Aerts
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Markus Andersson Trojer
- Department
of Materials and Production, RISE Research
Institutes of Sweden, 431
53 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lars Evenäs
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers
University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
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2
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Gulrajani S, Snyder S, Hackenberg JD, Uhrich K. Effect of pH on salicylic acid-based poly(anhydride-ester): Implications for polymer degradation and controlled salicylic acid release. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115221121844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA)-based poly(anhydride-esters) (SAPAEs) hydrolytically degrade to release SA in a controlled manner over extended time periods. While these polymers have been well investigated under in vivo conditions, this study is the first detailed, systematic assessment of in vitro polymer degradation over a range of pH values. To investigate the effect of pH conditions on SAPAE degradation, in vitro degradation studies were conducted on SAPAE disks over a wide pH range (2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 7.4, 8.0, 9.0, and 10.0) for 30 days. Several parameters were evaluated, including SA concentrations in the degradation media, polymer mass loss, water uptake in the polymer matrices, and SA solubility at different pH values to substantiate SA release results and characterize the in vitro polymer degradation process. Complete SA release was achieved at more basic conditions (pH 9.0 and 10.0) over 9 days, whereas less than 41% SA was released over the same time period at neutral pH conditions (pH 8.0 and 7.4). By comparison, SA release was minimal in acidic pH conditions. Overall, we present quantitative data of polymer degradation as defined by SA in vitro release, which increased with increasing pH values. More basic conditions promoted polymer degradation, whereas acidic conditions minimized polymer degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammy Gulrajani
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sabrina Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Jason D. Hackenberg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kathryn Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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3
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Seidi F, Zhong Y, Xiao H, Jin Y, Crespy D. Degradable polyprodrugs: design and therapeutic efficiency. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:6652-6703. [PMID: 35796314 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00099g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prodrugs are developed to increase the therapeutic properties of drugs and reduce their side effects. Polyprodrugs emerged as highly efficient prodrugs produced by the polymerization of one or several drug monomers. Polyprodrugs can be gradually degraded to release therapeutic agents. The complete degradation of polyprodrugs is an important factor to guarantee the successful disposal of the drug delivery system from the body. The degradation of polyprodrugs and release rate of the drugs can be controlled by the type of covalent bonds linking the monomer drug units in the polymer structure. Therefore, various types of polyprodrugs have been developed based on polyesters, polyanhydrides, polycarbonates, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyketals, polymetallodrugs, polyphosphazenes, and polyimines. Furthermore, the presence of stimuli-responsive groups, such as redox-responsive linkages (disulfide, boronate ester, metal-complex, and oxalate), pH-responsive linkages (ester, imine, hydrazone, acetal, orthoester, P-O and P-N), light-responsive (metal-complex, o-nitrophenyl groups) and enzyme-responsive linkages (ester, peptides) allow for a selective degradation of the polymer backbone in targeted tumors. We envision that new strategies providing a more efficient synergistic therapy will be developed by combining polyprodrugs with gene delivery segments and targeting moieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Seidi
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China. .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand.
| | - Yajie Zhong
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Daniel Crespy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Molecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong 21210, Thailand.
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4
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Heyder RS, Sunbul FS, Almuqbil RM, Fines CB, da Rocha SRP. Poly(anhydride-ester) gemcitabine: Synthesis and particle engineering of a high payload hydrolysable polymeric drug for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2021; 330:1178-1190. [PMID: 33212118 PMCID: PMC10939058 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Gemcitabine (GMT) is a nucleoside analog used in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors. GMT was chemically modified with a hydrolysable linker, and subsequently incorporated into a poly(anhydride-ester) backbone via melt-polymerization, with the active antimetabolite GMT, thus, becoming the repeat unit that makes up this new material, a biodegradable polymer. Characterization of the structure of polymeric GMT (polyGMT) revealed the incorporation of an average 26 molecules of GMT per polymer chain, which corresponds to a drug loading of 58%w/w. The glass transition temperature of the formed polyGMT was determined to be 123 °C. PolyGMT was engineered into nanoparticles (NPs) using a dialysis-based method, with a resulting geometric diameter of 206 ± 38 nm. The particles are easily dispersible and stable in aqueous-based media, with a hydrodynamic diameter of 229 ± 28 nm. The prepared hydrolysable polyGMT NPs demonstrate ultra-long release profile due to the hydrophobic nature of the linker, and as per characteristic erosion behavior of polymers with anhydride-ester bonds. Accelerated in vitro release studies demonstrate the recovery of free GMT upon hydrolysis, with biological activity as assessed by cytotoxicity assays performed in adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial (A549) and highly metastatic murine osteosarcoma (K7M2) cells lines. The characteristics of polyGMT, including its thermal properties and built in hydrolysable structure, are thus conducive for use in the preparation of drug delivery systems. Engineered structures prepared with polyGMT can maintain their morphology at ambient and physiologically relevant conditions, and free GMT is recovered as the anhydride and ester bonds are hydrolyzed. This work is innovative as for the first time we demonstrate the ability to polymerize GMT in a hydrolysable polymer structure, and engineer NPs of this polymeric chemotherapy. The synthetic strategy allows for tuning of the polymer hydrophobicity and thus potentialize its behavior, including degradation profile, by varying the linker chemistry. Such controlled release hydrolysable polymers with very high drug loading and controlled erosion profiles are relevant as they may offer new opportunities in drug delivery applications for the treatment of malignant neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Heyder
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences - School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Fatemah S Sunbul
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences - School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Rashed M Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences - School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Cory B Fines
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences - School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Sandro R P da Rocha
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences - School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, United States.
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5
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Zeng J, Shirihai OS, Grinstaff MW. Modulating lysosomal pH: a molecular and nanoscale materials design perspective. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 2:25-37. [PMID: 33403369 DOI: 10.36069/jols/20201204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes, membrane-bound organelles, play important roles in cellular processes including endocytosis, phagocytosis, and autophagy. Lysosomes maintain cellular homeostasis by generating a highly acidic environment of pH 4.5 - 5.0 and by housing hydrolytic enzymes that degrade engulfed biomolecules. Impairment of lysosomal function, especially in its acidification, is a driving force in the pathogenesis of diseases including neurodegeneration, cancer, metabolic disorders, and infectious diseases. Therefore, lysosomal pH is an attractive and targetable site for therapeutic intervention. Currently, there is a dearth of strategies or materials available to specifically modulate lysosomal acidification. This review focuses on the key aspects of how lysosomal pH is implicated in various diseases and discusses design strategies and molecular or nanoscale agents for lysosomal pH modulation, with the ultimate goal of developing novel therapeutic solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialiu Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90045.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118
| | - Mark W Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215.,Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118.,Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
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6
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Espinosa-Cotton M, Rodman Iii SN, Ross KA, Jensen IJ, Sangodeyi-Miller K, McLaren AJ, Dahl RA, Gibson-Corley KN, Koch AT, Fu YX, Badovinac VP, Laux D, Narasimhan B, Simons AL. Interleukin-1 alpha increases anti-tumor efficacy of cetuximab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:79. [PMID: 30890189 PMCID: PMC6425573 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0550-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the high prevalence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs), incorporation of the EGFR inhibitor cetuximab into the clinical management of HNSCC has not led to significant changes in long-term survival outcomes. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic approaches to enhance the clinical efficacy of cetuximab could lead to improved long-term survival for HNSCC patients. Our previous work suggests that EGFR inhibition activates the interleukin-1 (IL-1) pathway via tumor release of IL-1 alpha (IL-1α), although the clinical implications of activating this pathway are unclear in the context of cetuximab therapy. Given the role of IL-1 signaling in anti-tumor immune response, we hypothesized that increases in IL-1α levels would enhance tumor response to cetuximab. METHODS Parental and stable myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and IL-1 receptor 1 (IL-1R1) knockdown HNSCC cell lines, an IL-1R antagonist (IL-1RA), neutralizing antibodies to IL-1α and IL-1β, and recombinant IL-1α and IL-1β were used to determine cytokine production (using ELISA) in response to cetuximab in vitro. IL-1 pathway modulation in mouse models was accomplished by administration of IL-1RA, stable overexpression of IL-1α in SQ20B cells, administration of rIL-1α, and administration of a polyanhydride nanoparticle formulation of IL-1α. CD4+ and CD8+ T cell-depleting antibodies were used to understand the contribution of T cell-dependent anti-tumor immune responses. Baseline serum levels of IL-1α were measured using ELISA from HNSCC patients treated with cetuximab-based therapy and analyzed for association with progression free survival (PFS). RESULTS Cetuximab induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from HNSCC cells in vitro which was mediated by an IL-1α/IL-1R1/MyD88-dependent signaling pathway. IL-1 signaling blockade did not affect the anti-tumor efficacy of cetuximab, while increased IL-1α expression using polyanhydride nanoparticles in combination with cetuximab safely and effectively induced a T cell-dependent anti-tumor immune response. Detectable baseline serum levels of IL-1α were associated with a favorable PFS in cetuximab-based therapy-treated HNSCC patients compared to HNSCC patients with undetectable levels. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results suggest that IL-1α in combination with cetuximab can induce a T cell-dependent anti-tumor immune response and may represent a novel immunotherapeutic strategy for EGFR-positive HNSCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Espinosa-Cotton
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Samuel N Rodman Iii
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Kathleen A Ross
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Isaac J Jensen
- Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 1161 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel A Dahl
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 1161 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Katherine N Gibson-Corley
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 1161 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Adam T Koch
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 1161 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Vladimir P Badovinac
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Interdisciplinary Immunology Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 1161 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Douglas Laux
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine - Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA.,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Andrean L Simons
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. .,Nanovaccine Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA. .,Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, 1161 Medical Laboratories, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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7
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Snyder SS, Cao Y, Uhrich KE. Extrudable salicylic acid-based poly(anhydride-esters) for injectable drug releasing applications. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911519834808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Injectable biomaterials have attracted more and more interest owing to their advantages over traditional open surgeries: minimal invasive procedure and ease of handling. Commonly used synthetic injectable polymers exhibited low drug loading and poor biodegradability. In this work, we describe a novel series of degradable copolymers comprising salicylic acid–based poly(anhydride-esters) and poly(ethylene glycol) subunits suitable for injectable drug releasing applications. By tuning the rheology properties, these salicylic acid–based poly(anhydride-esters) and poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers may function as injectable drug delivery vehicles that deliver salicylic acid at the injury site. These copolymers were designed to have glass transition temperatures (Tg) below 0ºC, resulting in extrudable polymers that behave like viscous fluids at room temperature. Salicylic acid–based poly(anhydride-esters) and poly(ethylene glycol) copolymers of different ratios (2:1, 1:1, and 1:2 salicylic acid–based poly(anhydride-esters) and poly(ethylene glycol)) were synthesized and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies. Their shear viscosities were determined both at room and physiological temperatures. The in vitro drug release profiles, cytotoxicity, and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed. The shear viscosities were found to compare favorably with current injectable barrier materials on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina S Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
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8
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Noh J, Jung E, Lee J, Hyun H, Hong S, Lee D. Engineered Polymeric Micelles for Combinational Oxidation Anticancer Therapy through Concurrent HO-1 Inhibition and ROS Generation. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:1109-1117. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b01802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Yu W, Bajorek J, Jayade S, Miele A, Mirza J, Rogado S, Sundararajan A, Faig J, Ferrage L, Uhrich KE. Salicylic acid (SA)-eluting bone regeneration scaffolds with interconnected porosity and local and sustained SA release. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:311-318. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiling Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Jennifer Bajorek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Sayeli Jayade
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Alyssa Miele
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Javad Mirza
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Sarah Rogado
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Aravind Sundararajan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Jonathan Faig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
| | - Loïc Ferrage
- Department of Materials Science Engineering; ENSIACET; 31030 Toulouse France
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Piscataway New Jersey 08854
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10
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Prudencio A, Faig JJ, Song M, Uhrich KE. Phenolic Acid-based Poly(anhydride-esters) as Antioxidant Biomaterials. Macromol Biosci 2016; 16:214-22. [PMID: 26425923 PMCID: PMC4752411 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201500244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly(anhydride-esters) comprised of naturally occurring, non-toxic phenolic acids, namely syringic and vanillic acid, with antioxidant properties were prepared via solution polymerization methods. Polymer and polymer precursor physiochemical properties were characterized, including polymer molecular weight and thermal properties. In vitro release studies illustrated that polymer hydrolytic degradation was influenced by relative hydrophobicity and degree of methoxy substitution of the phenolic acids. Further, the released phenolic acids were found to maintain antioxidant potency relative to free phenolic acid controls as determined by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Polymer cytotoxicity was assessed with L929 fibroblasts in polymer-containing media; appropriate cell morphology and high fibroblast proliferation were obtained for the polymers at the lower concentrations. These polymers deliver non-cytotoxic levels of naturally occurring antioxidants, which could be efficacious in topical delivery of antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Prudencio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, USA
| | - Jonathan J Faig
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, USA
| | - MinJung Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, USA.
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11
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Qin JX, Zhang M, Zhang C, Li CT, Zhang Y, Song J, Asif Javed HM, Qiu JH. New insight into the difference of PC lipase-catalyzed degradation on poly(butylene succinate)-based copolymers from molecular levels. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13738a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the difference of enzymatic degradation of PBS-based polyesters was investigated from the molecular level with molecular modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-xiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry
- Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi'an 710021
- China
| | - Min Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry
- Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi'an 710021
- China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry
- Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi'an 710021
- China
| | - Cheng-tao Li
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry
- Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi'an 710021
- China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry
- Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi'an 710021
- China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of Auxiliary Chemistry & Technology for Chemical Industry
- Ministry of Education
- Shaanxi University of Science & Technology
- Xi'an 710021
- China
| | - Hafiz M. Asif Javed
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory
- International Center for Dielectric Research
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- China
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12
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Subramanian S, Mitchell A, Yu W, Snyder S, Uhrich K, O'Connor JP. Salicylic Acid-Based Polymers for Guided Bone Regeneration Using Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2. Tissue Eng Part A 2015; 21:2013-24. [PMID: 25813520 PMCID: PMC4507132 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2014.0455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is used clinically to promote spinal fusion, treat complex tibia fractures, and to promote bone formation in craniomaxillofacial surgery. Excessive bone formation at sites where BMP-2 has been applied is an established complication and one that could be corrected by guided tissue regeneration methods. In this study, anti-inflammatory polymers containing salicylic acid [salicylic acid-based poly(anhydride-ester), SAPAE] were electrospun with polycaprolactone (PCL) to create thin flexible matrices for use as guided bone regeneration membranes. SAPAE polymers hydrolyze to release salicylic acid, which is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. PCL was used to enhance the mechanical integrity of the matrices. Two different SAPAE-containing membranes were produced and compared: fast-degrading (FD-SAPAE) and slow-degrading (SD-SAPAE) membranes that release salicylic acid at a faster and slower rate, respectively. Rat femur defects were treated with BMP-2 and wrapped with FD-SAPAE, SD-SAPAE, or PCL membrane or were left unwrapped. The effects of different membranes on bone formation within and outside of the femur defects were measured by histomorphometry and microcomputed tomography. Bone formation within the defect was not affected by membrane wrapping at BMP-2 doses of 12 μg or more. In contrast, the FD-SAPAE membrane significantly reduced bone formation outside the defect compared with all other treatments. The rapid release of salicylic acid from the FD-SAPAE membrane suggests that localized salicylic acid treatment during the first few days of BMP-2 treatment can limit ectopic bone formation. The data support development of SAPAE polymer membranes for guided bone regeneration applications as well as barriers to excessive bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeta Subramanian
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Ashley Mitchell
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Weiling Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Sabrina Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Kathryn Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - J. Patrick O'Connor
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey
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Li CT, Zhang M, Qin JX, Zhang Y, Qiu JH. Study on molecular modeling and the difference of PC lipase-catalyzed degradation of poly (butylene succinate) copolymers modified by linear monomers. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Poetz KL, Mohammed HS, Shipp DA. Surface Eroding, Semicrystalline Polyanhydrides via Thiol–Ene “Click” Photopolymerization. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:1650-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L. Poetz
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and ‡Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, United States
| | - Halimatu S. Mohammed
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and ‡Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, United States
| | - Devon A. Shipp
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science and ‡Center for Advanced Materials Processing, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York 13699-5810, United States
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15
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Ouimet MA, Fogaça R, Snyder SS, Sathaye S, Catalani LH, Pochan DJ, Uhrich KE. Poly(anhydride-ester) and poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) blends: salicylic acid-releasing blends with hydrogel-like properties that reduce inflammation. Macromol Biosci 2015; 15:342-50. [PMID: 25333420 PMCID: PMC4424597 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polymers such as poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (PVP) have been used to prepare hydrogels for wound dressing applications but are not inherently bioactive. For enhanced healing, PVP was blended with salicylic acid-based poly(anhydride-esters) (SAPAE) and shown to exhibit hydrogel properties upon swelling. In vitro release studies demonstrated that the chemically incorporated drug (SA) was released from the polymer blends over 3-4 d in contrast to 3 h, and that blends of higher PVP content displayed greater swelling values and faster SA release. The polymer blends significantly the inflammatory cytokine, TNF-α, in vitro without negative effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A. Ouimet
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, USA
| | - Renata Fogaça
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05513-970, Brazil
| | - Sabrina S. Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, 599 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, USA
| | - Sameer Sathaye
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716-1501, USA
| | - Luiz H. Catalani
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05513-970, Brazil
| | - Darrin J. Pochan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, 201 DuPont Hall, Newark, DE 19716-1501, USA
| | - Kathryn E. Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8087, USA
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16
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Chandorkar Y, Bhaskar N, Madras G, Basu B. Long-term sustained release of salicylic acid from cross-linked biodegradable polyester induces a reduced foreign body response in mice. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:636-49. [PMID: 25559641 DOI: 10.1021/bm5017282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There has been a continuous surge toward developing new biopolymers that exhibit better in vivo biocompatibility properties in terms of demonstrating a reduced foreign body response (FBR). One approach to mitigate the undesired FBR is to develop an implant capable of releasing anti-inflammatory molecules in a sustained manner over a long time period. Implants causing inflammation are also more susceptible to infection. In this article, the in vivo biocompatibility of a novel, biodegradable salicylic acid releasing polyester (SAP) has been investigated by subcutaneous implantation in a mouse model. The tissue response to SAP was compared with that of a widely used biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), as a control over three time points: 2, 4, and 16 weeks postimplantation. A long-term in vitro study illustrates a continuous, linear (zero order) release of salicylic acid with a cumulative mass percent release rate of 7.34 × 10(-4) h(-1) over ∼1.5-17 months. On the basis of physicochemical analysis, surface erosion for SAP and bulk erosion for PLGA have been confirmed as their dominant degradation modes in vivo. On the basis of the histomorphometrical analysis of inflammatory cell densities and collagen distribution as well as quantification of proinflammatory cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-1β), a reduced foreign body response toward SAP with respect to that generated by PLGA has been unambiguously established. The favorable in vivo tissue response to SAP, as manifest from the uniform and well-vascularized encapsulation around the implant, is consistent with the decrease in inflammatory cell density and increase in angiogenesis with time. The above observations, together with the demonstration of long-term and sustained release of salicylic acid, establish the potential use of SAP for applications in improved matrices for tissue engineering and chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashoda Chandorkar
- Laboratory for Biomaterials, Materials Research Centre, ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, §Bioengineering Program, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore 560012, India
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17
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Rogers MA, Yan YF, Ben-Elazar K, Lan Y, Faig J, Smith K, Uhrich KE. Salicylic acid (SA) bioaccessibility from SA-based poly(anhydride-ester). Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:3406-11. [PMID: 25082798 DOI: 10.1021/bm500927r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The bioaccessibility of salicylic acid (SA) can be effectively modified by incorporating the pharmacological compound directly into polymers such as poly(anhydride-esters). After simulated digestion conditions, the bioaccessibility of SA was observed to be statistically different (p < 0.0001) in each sample: 55.5 ± 2.0% for free SA, 31.2 ± 2.4% the SA-diglycolic acid polymer precursor (SADG), and 21.2 ± 3.1% for SADG-P (polymer). The release rates followed a zero-order release rate that was dependent on several factors, including (1) solubilization rate, (2) macroscopic erosion of the powdered polymer, (3) hydrolytic cleavage of the anhydride bonds, and (4) subsequent hydrolysis of the polymer precursor (SADG) to SA and diglycolic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Rogers
- Department of Food Science and †New Jersey Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey , New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, United States
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18
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Chandorkar Y, Bhagat RK, Madras G, Basu B. Cross-linked, biodegradable, cytocompatible salicylic acid based polyesters for localized, sustained delivery of salicylic acid: an in vitro study. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15:863-75. [PMID: 24517727 DOI: 10.1021/bm401715z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to suppress chronic inflammation while supporting cell proliferation, there has been a continuous surge toward development of polymers with the intention of delivering anti-inflammatory molecules in a sustained manner. In the above backdrop, we report the synthesis of a novel, stable, cross-linked polyester with salicylic acid (SA) incorporated in the polymeric backbone and propose a simple synthesis route by melt condensation. The as-synthesized polymer was hydrophobic with a glass transition temperature of 1 °C, which increases to 17 °C upon curing. The combination of NMR and FT-IR spectral techniques established the ester linkages in the as-synthesized SA-based polyester. The pH-dependent degradation rate and the rate of release of salicylic acid from the as-synthesized SA-based polymer were studied at physiological conditions in vitro. The polyester underwent surface erosion and exhibited linear degradation kinetics in which a change in degradation rate is observed after 4-10 days and 24% mass loss was recorded after 4 months at 37 °C and pH 7.4. The delivery of salicylic acid also showed a similar change in slopes, with a sustained release rate of 3.5% in 4 months. The cytocompatibility studies of these polyesters were carried out with C2C12 murine myoblast cells using techniques like MTT assay and flow cytometry. Our results strongly suggest that SA-based polyester supports cell proliferation for 3 days in culture and do not cause cell death (<7%), as quantified by propidium iodide (PI) stained cells. Hence, these polyesters can be used as implant materials for localized, sustained delivery of salicylic acid and have applications in adjuvant cancer therapy, chronic wound healing, and as an alternative to commercially available polymers like poly(lactic acid) and poly(glycolic acid) or their copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashoda Chandorkar
- Laboratory for biomaterials, Materials Research Centre and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science , Bangalore, India
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19
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Asafo-Adjei TA, Dziubla TD, Puleo DA. Synthesis and Characterization of a Poly(ethylene glycol)-Poly(simvastatin) Diblock Copolymer. RSC Adv 2014; 4:58287-58298. [PMID: 25431653 PMCID: PMC4242434 DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10310f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable polyesters are commonly used as drug delivery vehicles, but their role is typically passive, and encapsulation approaches have limited drug payload. An alternative drug delivery method is to polymerize the active agent or its precursor into a degradable polymer. The prodrug simvastatin contains a lactone ring that lends itself to ring-opening polymerization (ROP). Consequently, simvastatin polymerization was initiated with 5 kDa monomethyl ether poly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG) and catalyzed via stannous octoate. Melt condensation reactions produced a 9.5 kDa copolymer with a polydispersity index of 1.1 at 150 °C up to a 75 kDa copolymer with an index of 6.9 at 250 °C. Kinetic analysis revealed first-order propagation rates. Infrared spectroscopy of the copolymer showed carboxylic and methyl ether stretches unique to simvastatin and mPEG, respectively. Slow degradation was demonstrated in neutral and alkaline conditions. Lastly, simvastatin, simvastatin-incorporated molecules, and mPEG were identified as the degradation products released. The present results show the potential of using ROP to polymerize lactone-containing drugs such as simvastatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas D. Dziubla
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - David A. Puleo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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20
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Kelley EG, Albert JNL, Sullivan MO, Epps TH. Stimuli-responsive copolymer solution and surface assemblies for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:7057-71. [PMID: 23403471 PMCID: PMC3703495 DOI: 10.1039/c3cs35512h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymeric materials is one of the fastest growing fields of the 21st century, with the annual number of papers published more than quadrupling in the last ten years. The responsiveness of polymer solution assemblies and surfaces to biological stimuli (e.g. pH, reduction-oxidation, enzymes, glucose) and externally applied triggers (e.g. temperature, light, solvent quality) shows particular promise for various biomedical applications including drug delivery, tissue engineering, medical diagnostics, and bioseparations. Furthermore, the integration of copolymer architectures into stimuli-responsive materials design enables exquisite control over the locations of responsive sites within self-assembled nanostructures. The combination of new synthesis techniques and well-defined copolymer self-assembly has facilitated substantial developments in stimuli-responsive materials in recent years. In this tutorial review, we discuss several methods that have been employed to synthesize self-assembling and stimuli-responsive copolymers for biomedical applications, and we identify common themes in the response mechanisms among the targeted stimuli. Additionally, we highlight parallels between the chemistries used for generating solution assemblies and those employed for creating copolymer surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Kelley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. Tel: +1 302 831 0215; Fax: +1 302 831 1048
| | - Julie N. L. Albert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Millicent O. Sullivan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. Tel: +1 302 831 0215; Fax: +1 302 831 1048
| | - Thomas H. Epps
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. Tel: +1 302 831 0215; Fax: +1 302 831 1048
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22
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Haroun AA, El-Halawany NR, Loira-Pastoriza C, Maincent P. Synthesis and in vitro release study of ibuprofen-loaded gelatin graft copolymer nanoparticles. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2012; 40:61-5. [PMID: 23244199 DOI: 10.3109/03639045.2012.746359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This work deals with the preparation, characterization and in vitro release study of IBU-loaded gel graft copolymer nanoparticles. METHOD Gelatin (Gel) graft copolymer nanoparticles were prepared using styrene (Sty) and/or 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomers in the presence of potassium persulfate and glutaraldehyde as an initiator and cross-linker, respectively. The prepared nanoparticles as sustained release drug carriers were investigated using the nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory model drug, ibuprofen (IBU). RESULTS The prepared nanoparticles as sustained release drug carriers were investigated using the nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory model drug, IBU. The prepared Gel/HEMA and Gel/Sty nanoparticles exhibited particles size ranging from 15 to 17 nm and from 0.42 to 5 mm, respectively. The dissolution of IBU in phosphate buffer, pH 7.4, at 37°C from the prepared nanoparticles was evaluated using UV spectroscopy. In addition, the prepared nanoparticles were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmitting electron microscope (TEM) and zeta potential/particle size analyzer. In vitro dissolution study showed that the dissolution rates of the crosslinked nanoparticles were retarded relative to the uncrosslinked ones. Moreover, the released amount constantly decreases with increasing gluteraldehyde content in the gel nanoparticles. CONCLUSION Crosslinked gel-based graft copolymers exhibited slow IBU release within six hours. Furthermore, results from different characterization techniques such as TEM, particles size and zeta potential measurements confirmed the formation of pH-responsive gel-graft copolymer nanoparticles.
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Ouimet MA, Snyder SS, Uhrich KE. Tunable drug release profiles from salicylate-based poly(anhydride-ester) matrices using small molecule admixtures. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2012; 27:540-549. [PMID: 24078768 PMCID: PMC3782750 DOI: 10.1177/0883911512464605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(anhydride-esters) with salicylic acid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, chemically incorporated into the polymer backbone provide high inherent drug loading. These poly(anhydride-esters) hydrolytically degrade to release salicylic acid over extended time periods (>30 days); however, an initial lag period of no salicylic acid release is observed. This lag period could be unfavorable in applications where immediate salicylic acid release is desired. Poly(anhydride-esters) with short (2 days) and long (11 days) lag periods were admixed with various small molecules as a means to shorten or eliminate the lag period. Salicylic acid, larger salicylic acid prodrugs, and 1:1 combinations of the two were physically admixed, each at 1%, 5%, and 10% (w/w). All admixtures resulted in immediate salicylic acid release and a decrease in glass transition temperatures compared to polymer alone. By varying the amounts of salicylic acid and salicylic acid prodrugs incorporated into the polymer matrix, immediate and constant salicylic acid release profiles over varied time periods were achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle A Ouimet
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Sabrina S Snyder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kathryn E Uhrich
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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24
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Formulation of salicylate-based poly(anhydride-ester) microspheres for short- and long-term salicylic acid delivery. Polym Bull (Berl) 2012; 70:343-351. [PMID: 23420391 DOI: 10.1007/s00289-012-0839-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The formulation of salicylate-based poly(anhydride-ester) (PAE) microspheres was optimized by altering polymer concentration and homogenization speed to improve the overall morphology. The microspheres were prepared using three salicylate-based PAEs with different chemical compositions comprised of either a heteroatomic, linear aliphatic, or branched aliphatic moiety. These PAEs broadened the range of complete salicylic acid release to now include days, weeks and months. The molecular weight (M(w)), polydispersity index (PDI) and glass transition temperature (T(g)) of the formulated polymers were compared to the unformulated polymers. In general, the M(w) and PDI exhibited decreased and increased values, respectively, after formulation, whereas the T(g) changes did not follow a specific trend. Microsphere size and morphology were determined using scanning electron microscopy. These microspheres exhibited smooth surfaces, no aggregation, and size distributions ranging from 2-34 m in diameter. In vitro release studies of the chemically incorporated salicylic acid displayed widely tunable release profiles.
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25
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PolyMorphine: an innovative biodegradable polymer drug for extended pain relief. J Control Release 2012; 162:538-44. [PMID: 22877734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Morphine, a potent narcotic analgesic used for the treatment of acute and chronic pain, was chemically incorporated into a poly(anhydride-ester) backbone. The polymer termed "PolyMorphine", was designed to degrade hydrolytically releasing morphine in a controlled manner to ultimately provide analgesia for an extended time period. PolyMorphine was synthesized via melt-condensation polymerization and its structure was characterized using proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies, and infrared spectroscopy. The weight-average molecular weight and the thermal properties were determined. The hydrolytic degradation pathway of the polymer was determined by in vitro studies, showing that free morphine is released. In vitro cytocompatibility studies demonstrated that PolyMorphine is non-cytotoxic towards fibroblasts. In vivo studies using mice showed that PolyMorphine provides analgesia for 3 days, 20 times the analgesic window of free morphine. The animals retained full responsiveness to morphine after being subjected to an acute morphine challenge.
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26
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Rosario-Meléndez R, Lavelle L, Bodnar S, Halperin F, Harper I, Griffin J, Uhrich KE. Stability of a salicylate-based poly(anhydride-ester) to electron beam and gamma radiation. Polym Degrad Stab 2011; 96:1625-1630. [PMID: 21909173 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2011.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The effect of electron beam and gamma radiation on the physicochemical properties of a salicylate-based poly(anhydride-ester) was studied by exposing polymers to 0 (control), 25 and 50 kGy. After radiation exposure, salicylic acid release in vitro was monitored to assess any changes in drug release profiles. Molecular weight, glass transition temperature and decomposition temperature were evaluated for polymer chain scission and/or crosslinking as well as changes in thermal properties. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopies were also used to determine polymer degradation and/or chain scission. In vitro cell studies were performed to identify cytocompatibility following radiation exposure. These studies demonstrate that the physicochemical properties of the polymer are not substantially affected by exposure to electron beam and gamma radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roselin Rosario-Meléndez
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Song Y, Kwon J, Kim B, Jeon Y, Khang G, Lee D. Physicobiological properties and biocompatibility of biodegradable poly(oxalate-co-oxamide). J Biomed Mater Res A 2011; 98:517-26. [PMID: 21681944 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.33135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of biodegradable and biocompatible materials is the basis for tissue engineering and drug delivery. The aims of this study are to develop the poly(oxalate-co-oxamide) (POXAM) and evaluate its physicochemical properties and biocompatibility as the initial step for the development of new biomaterials. POXAM had a molecular weight of ~70,000 Da and rapidly degraded under physiological condition with a half-hydrolysis of ~4 days. POXAM films exhibited relative hydrophilic nature because of the presence of oxamide linkages and induced a higher cell attachment and proliferation compared with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) films. In vitro inflammatory responses to POXAM were evaluated using murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. POXAM films minimally stimulated the cells to generate less production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) than PLGA films. We assessed the in vivo inflammatory responses to POXAM films implanted in the dorsal skin of rats. Histological studies revealed that POXAM provoked remarkably reduced inflammatory responses, evidenced by the less accumulation of inflammatory cells and giant cells, thinner fibrotic capsules, in comparison with PLGA. Given its excellent biocompatibility, fast degradation, and very mild inflammatory responses, POXAM has great potential for biomedical applications, such as scaffolds, wound dressing, and fast drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiseul Song
- Polymer Fusion Research Center, Department of Polymer·Nano Science and Technology, Chonbuk National University, Dukjin, Jeonju 561-756, Republic of Korea
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28
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Deronde BM, Carbone AL, Uhrich KE. Storage Stability Study of Salicylate-based Poly(anhydride-esters). Polym Degrad Stab 2010; 95:1778-1782. [PMID: 21152105 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Storage stability was evaluated on a biodegradable salicylate-based poly(anhydride-ester) to elucidate the effects of storage conditions over time. The hydrolytically labile polymer samples were stored in powdered form at five relevant storage temperatures (-12 °C, 4 °C, 27 °C, 37 °C, 50 °C) and monitored over four weeks for changes in color, glass transition temperature, molecular weight, and extent of hydrolysis. Samples stored at lower temperatures remained relatively constant with respect to bond hydrolysis and molecular weight. Whereas, samples stored at higher temperatures displayed significant hydrolysis. For hydrolytically degradable polymers, such as these poly(anhydride-esters), samples are best stored at low temperatures under an inert atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany M Deronde
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854-8087
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