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Li Z, Chu Y, Huang Q, Jin X, Qiu Z, Jin J. Crystallization Behavior of Copolyesters Containing Sulfonates. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1177. [PMID: 38675096 PMCID: PMC11054151 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The polar sulfonate groups in cationic dyeable polyester (CDP) lead to complex crystallization behavior, affecting CDP production's stability. In this study, cationic dyeable polyesters (CDP) with different sulfonate group contents were prepared via one-step feeding of sodium isophthalic acid-5-sulfonate (SIPA), terephthalic acid (PTA), and ethylene glycol (EG). The non-isothermal crystallization behavior of these copolyesters was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Results show that the crystallization temperature of the sample shifts to lower values with the increase in SIPA content. The relaxation behavior of the molecular chain is enhanced due to the ionic aggregation effect of sulfonate groups in CDP. Therefore, at low cooling rates (2.5 °C/min and 5 °C/min), some molecular chain segments in CDP are still too late to orderly stack into the lattice, forming metastable crystals, and melting double peaks appear on the melting curve after crystallization. When the cooling rate increases (10-20 °C/min), the limited region of sulfonate aggregation in CDP increases, resulting in more random chain segments, and a cold crystallization peak appears on the melting curve after crystallization. The non-isothermal crystallization behavior of all samples was fitted and analyzed by the Jeziorny equation, Ozawa equation, and Mo equation. The results indicate that the nucleation density and nucleation growth rate of CDP decrease with the increase in SIPA content. Meanwhile, analysis of the Kissinger equation reveals that the activation energy of non-isothermal crystallization decreases gradually with the increase in SIPA content, and the addition of SIPA makes CDP crystallization more difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Z.L.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100025, China; (X.J.); (Z.Q.); (J.J.)
| | - Yongjing Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Z.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Qing Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China; (Z.L.); (Y.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100025, China; (X.J.); (Z.Q.); (J.J.)
| | - Xiaopei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100025, China; (X.J.); (Z.Q.); (J.J.)
| | - Zhicheng Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100025, China; (X.J.); (Z.Q.); (J.J.)
| | - Jian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100025, China; (X.J.); (Z.Q.); (J.J.)
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Sempere-Torregrosa J, Ferri JM, de la Rosa-Ramírez H, Pavon C, Samper MD. Effect of Epoxidized and Maleinized Corn Oil on Properties of Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Blend. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194205. [PMID: 36236152 PMCID: PMC9571960 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work analyzes the influence of modified, epoxidized and maleinized corn oil as a plasticizing and/or compatibilizing agent in the PLA-PHB blend (75% PLA and 25% PHB wt.%). The chemical modification processes of corn oil were successfully carried out and different quantities were used, between 0 and 10% wt.%. The different blends obtained were characterized by thermal, mechanical, morphological, and disintegration tests under composting conditions. It was observed that to achieve the same plasticizing effect, less maleinized corn oil (MCO) is needed than epoxidized corn oil (ECO). Both oils improve the ductile properties of the PLA-PHB blend, such as elongation at break and impact absorb energy, however, the strength properties decrease. The ones that show the highest ductility values are those that contain 10% ECO and 5% MCO, improving the elongation of the break of the PLA-PHB blend by more than 400% and by more than 800% for the sample PLA.
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Zhang L, Li H, Zhao K, Zhang T, Liu D, Wang S, Wu F, Zhang Q, Han Y. Improving crystallinity and ordering of PBTTT by inhibiting nematic to smectic phase transition via rapid cooling. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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4
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Kukhta NA, Luscombe CK. Gaining control over conjugated polymer morphology to improve the performance of organic electronics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:6982-6997. [PMID: 35604084 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01430k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) are widely used in various domains of organic electronics. However, the performance of organic electronic devices can be variable due to the lack of precise predictive control over the polymer microstructure. While the chemical structure of CPs is important, CP microstructure also plays an important role in determining the charge-transport, optical and mechanical properties suitable for a target device. Understanding the interplay between CP microstructure and the resulting properties, as well as predicting and targeting specific polymer morphologies, would allow current comprehension of organic electronic device performance to be improved and potentially enable more facile device optimization and fabrication. In this Feature Article, we highlight the importance of investigating CP microstructure, discuss previous developments in the field, and provide an overview of the key aspects of the CP microstructure-property relationship, carried out in our group over recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadzeya A Kukhta
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, USA
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- pi-Conjugated Polymers Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, 904-0495, Japan.
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Majerczak K, Wadkin‐Snaith D, Magueijo V, Mulheran P, Liggat J, Johnston K. Polyhydroxybutyrate: a review of experimental and simulation studies on the effect of fillers on crystallinity and mechanical properties. POLYM INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Majerczak
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Dominic Wadkin‐Snaith
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XJ United Kingdom
| | - Vitor Magueijo
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XJ United Kingdom
| | - Paul Mulheran
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XJ United Kingdom
| | - John Liggat
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XL United Kingdom
| | - Karen Johnston
- Department of Chemical and Processing Engineering James Weir Building, 75 Montrose Street, University of Strathclyde Glasgow G1 1XJ United Kingdom
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Ge S, Wang E, Li J, Tang BZ. Aggregation-Induced Emission Boosting the Study of Polymer Science. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200080. [PMID: 35320607 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The past one hundred years witness the great development of polymer science. The advancement of polymer science is closely related with the developing of characterization techniques and methods, from viscometry in molecular weight determination to advanced techniques including differential scanning calorimetry, nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscopy. However, these techniques are normally constrained to tedious sample preparation, high cost, harsh experimental condition, or ex-situ characterization. Fluorescence technology has the merits of high sensitivity and direct visualization. Contrary to conventional aggregation-causing quenching fluorophores, those dyes with aggregation-induced emission characteristic show high emission efficiency in aggregate states. Based on the restriction of intramolecular motions for AIE properties, the AIE materials are very sensitive to the surrounding microenvironments owing to the twisted propeller-like structures and therefore reveal great potentials in polymer's study. The AIE concept has been successfully used in polymer's study and provides us a deeper understanding on polymer structure and properties. In this review, the applications of AIEgens in polymer science for visualizing polymerization, glass transition, dissolution, crystallization, gelation, self-assembly, phase separation, cracking and self-healing were exemplified and summarized. Lastly, the challenges and perspectives in the study of polymer science using AIEgens are addressed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Ge
- S. Ge, Dr. E. Wang, Prof. J. Li, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No. 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Erjing Wang
- S. Ge, Dr. E. Wang, Prof. J. Li, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No. 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Jinhua Li
- S. Ge, Dr. E. Wang, Prof. J. Li, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, No. 368 Youyi Avenue, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Prof. B. Z. Tang, Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and Technology, School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, No. 2001 Longxiang Boulevard, Longgang District, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
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7
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Cao X, Fan H. Formation of D-A conjugated polymer crystals: Diffusion and conformational transition theory. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.124606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lee C, Ndaya D, Bosire R, Kim NK, Kasi RM, Osuji CO. Fast Photoswitchable Order-Disorder Transitions in Liquid-Crystalline Block Co-oligomers. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 144:390-399. [PMID: 34962798 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Optically driven ordering transitions are rarely observed in macromolecular systems, often because of kinetic limitations. Here, we report a series of block co-oligomers (BCOs) that rapidly order and disorder at room temperature in response to optical illumination, and the absence thereof. The system is a triblock where rigid azobenzene (Azo) mesogens are attached to each end of a flexible siloxane chain. UV-induced trans-to-cis Azo isomerization, and vice versa in the absence of UV light, drive disordering and ordering of lamellar superstructures and smectic mesophases, as manifested by liquefaction and solidification of the material, respectively. The impacts of chemical structure on BCO self-assembly and photoswitching kinetics are explored by in situ microscopy and X-ray measurements for different mesogen end groups (NO2 or CN), and different carbon chain lengths (0C or 12C) between the siloxane and the mesogen. The presence of the 12C spacer leads to hierarchical ordering with smectic layers of mesogens existing alongside larger length-scale lamellae, versus only smectic ordering without the spacer. These hierarchically ordered BCOs display highly persistent lamellar sheets that contrast with the tortuous, low-persistence "fingerprint"-type structures seen in conventional block copolymers. The reordering kinetics upon removal of UV illumination are extremely rapid (<5 s). This fast response is due to the electron-withdrawing NO2 and CN, which facilitate cis-to-trans isomerization via thermal relaxation at room temperature without additional stimuli. This work elucidates structure-property relationships in photoswitching BCOs and advances the possibility of developing systems in which ordered nanostructures can be easily optically written and erased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyeon Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Dennis Ndaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Polymer Program, Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Reuben Bosire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Polymer Program, Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Na Kyung Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Rajeswari M Kasi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States.,Polymer Program, Institute of Material Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, United States
| | - Chinedum O Osuji
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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Wei N, Zhu B, He J, Shan H, Zhou J, Huo H. Controlling the organization and stretchability of poly(3-butylthiophene) spherulites. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:8850-8857. [PMID: 34533557 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00486g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a simple strategy to readily prepare poly(3-butylthiophene) (P3BT) films with patterned spherulites by brushing the P3BT film surface and annealing the film with carbon disulfide (CS2) vapor. The spherulites nucleated preferentially at the mechanically scratched areas over the unscratched region of the film. The ridge (formed at the side of the scratch) hinders the diffusion of the P3BT molecules, promoting the aggregation and nucleation of P3BT along the ridge to form spherulites upon the CS2 vapor-annealing. The sizes of the ridge and the scratch have no effect on the nucleation and crystallization of the patterned spherulites. We evaluated the crack formation of the P3BT films with patterned spherulites in response to mechanical stretching along different directions. When the stretching direction was parallel to the scratching direction, cracks appeared preferentially at the boundary between the ordered spherulites. In contrast, cracks occurred first at the boundary of stochastic nucleated spherulites located away from the patterned spherulites, when the stretching direction was perpendicular to the scratching direction. The patterned spherulites with regulated mechanical properties may find applications in the design and fabrication of stretchable organic optoelectronic devices with enhanced stability and durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Bingyan Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Jiaxin He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Hongtao Shan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Jianjun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
| | - Hong Huo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Xinjiekouwai Street No. 19, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
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10
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Nagaraja M, Geetha T, Pattar J, Mahesh HM, Prashanth S. Temperature-Dependent Studies on Electrical Properties of ZnCl2 Doped Polyaniline. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421050080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Gu K, Wang Y, Li R, Tsai E, Onorato JW, Luscombe CK, Priestley RD, Loo YL. Role of Postdeposition Thermal Annealing on Intracrystallite and Intercrystallite Structuring and Charge Transport in Poly(3-hexylthiophene). ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:999-1007. [PMID: 33372509 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The performance of electronic devices comprising conjugated polymers as the active layer depends not only on the intrinsic characteristics of the materials but also on the details of the extrinsic processing conditions. In this study, we examine the effect of postdeposition thermal treatments on the microstructure of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) thin films and its impact on their electrical properties. Unsurprisingly, we find thermal annealing of P3HT thin films to generally increase their crystallinity and crystallite coherence length while retaining the same crystal structure. Despite such favorable structural improvements of the polymer active layers, however, thermal annealing at high temperatures can lead to a net reduction in the mobility of transistors, implicating structural changes in the intercrystallite amorphous regions of these semicrystalline active layers take place on annealing, and the simplistic picture that crystallinity governs charge transport is not always valid. Our results instead suggest tie-chain pullout, which occurs during crystal growth and perfection upon thermal annealing to govern charge transport, particularly in low-molecular-weight systems in which the tie-chain fraction is low. By demonstrating the interplay between intracrystallite and intercrystallite structuring in determining the macroscopic charge transport, we shed light on how structural evolution and charge-transport properties of nominally the same polymer can vary depending on the details of processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaichen Gu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yucheng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Esther Tsai
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Jonathan W Onorato
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-2120, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195-1700, United States
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Rodney D Priestley
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Yueh-Lin Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
- Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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12
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Wu T, Pfohl T, Chandran S, Sommer M, Reiter G. Formation of Needle-like Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Crystals from Metastable Solutions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wu
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pfohl
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sivasurender Chandran
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institute of Chemistry, Chemnitz University of Technology, Str. der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center FMF, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies FIT, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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Trefz D, Gross YM, Dingler C, Tkachov R, Hamidi-Sakr A, Kiriy A, McNeill CR, Brinkmann M, Ludwigs S. Tuning Orientational Order of Highly Aggregating P(NDI2OD-T2) by Solvent Vapor Annealing and Blade Coating. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Trefz
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry (IPOC), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yannic M. Gross
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry (IPOC), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Carsten Dingler
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry (IPOC), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roman Tkachov
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry (IPOC), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amer Hamidi-Sakr
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS − Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anton Kiriy
- Leibniz Institute
of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Martin Brinkmann
- Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS − Université de Strasbourg, 23 rue du loess, 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry (IPOC), University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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