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Szulc J, Okrasa M, Nowak A, Ryngajłło M, Nizioł J, Kuźniar A, Ruman T, Gutarowska B. Uncontrolled Post-Industrial Landfill-Source of Metals, Potential Toxic Compounds, Dust, and Pathogens in Environment-A Case Study. Molecules 2024; 29:1496. [PMID: 38611776 PMCID: PMC11013361 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this case study was the evaluation of the selected metals' concentration, potential toxic compound identification, cytotoxicity analysis, estimation of the airborne dust concentration, biodiversity, and number of microorganisms in the environment (leachate, soil, air) of the biggest uncontrolled post-industrial landfills in Poland. Based on the results obtained, preliminary solutions for the future management of post-industrial objects that have become an uncontrolled landfill were indicated. In the air, the PM1 fraction dominated, constituting 78.1-98.2% of the particulate matter. Bacterial counts were in the ranges of 9.33 × 101-3.21 × 103 CFU m-3 (air), 1.87 × 105-2.30 × 106 CFU mL-1 (leachates), and 8.33 × 104-2.69 × 106 CFU g-1 (soil). In the air, the predominant bacteria were Cellulosimicrobium and Stenotrophomonas. The predominant fungi were Mycosphaerella, Cladosporium, and Chalastospora. The main bacteria in the leachates and soils were Acinetobacter, Mortierella, Proteiniclasticum, Caloramator, and Shewanella. The main fungi in the leachates and soils were Lindtneria. Elevated concentrations of Pb, Zn, and Hg were detected. The soil showed the most pronounced cytotoxic potential, with rates of 36.55%, 63.08%, and 100% for the A-549, Caco-2, and A-549 cell lines. Nine compounds were identified which may be responsible for this cytotoxic effect, including 2,4,8-trimethylquinoline, benzo(f)quinoline, and 1-(m-tolyl)isoquinoline. The microbiome included bacteria and fungi potentially metabolizing toxic compounds and pathogenic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Szulc
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-530 Łódź, Poland; (A.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Okrasa
- Department of Personal Protective Equipment, Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, 90-133 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-530 Łódź, Poland; (A.N.); (B.G.)
| | - Małgorzata Ryngajłło
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-573 Łódź, Poland;
| | - Joanna Nizioł
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.N.); (A.K.); (T.R.)
| | - Anna Kuźniar
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.N.); (A.K.); (T.R.)
| | - Tomasz Ruman
- Faculty of Chemistry, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland; (J.N.); (A.K.); (T.R.)
| | - Beata Gutarowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, 90-530 Łódź, Poland; (A.N.); (B.G.)
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Wen M, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Liu C, Li Y, Yang Y. Effects of dissolved organic matter derived from chicken manure on the biotransformation of roxarsone in soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137118. [PMID: 36336016 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Roxarsone (3-nitro-4-hydroxyphenylarsonic acid, ROX), widely used as a livestock feed additive, is excreted untransformed in large concentrations. Accumulation of this manure in the open environment increases dissolved organic matter (DOM) and ROX in soil within the aeration zone. And microbial action plays a dominant role in the transformation of ROX. However, the specific effect of DOM on the biotransformation of ROX is not known. In this paper, we investigated the transformation rate, metabolite content, and microbial community response of ROX in soils with different DOM concentrations (71.61, 100, 200, 500, and 800 mg L-1). The transformation of ROX was consistent with first-order transformation kinetics. DOM promoted the transformation of ROX, and with high DOM (DOM ≥200 mg L-1), ROX was transformed almost completely within two days. In this case, DOM provided nutrients to microorganisms and promoted their growth, accelerating the transformation of ROX. Also, the solubility of ROX was enhanced by DOM to increase its bioavailability. The microbial diversity was negatively correlated with DOM concentration and ROX transformation time; during the transformation of ROX, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Enterococcus, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas became dominant in the soil with anomalously high levels of DOM. This study demonstrates the transformation process of ROX under actual environmental conditions where organic matter coexists with ROX, and this understanding is important for the prevention and control of arsenic pollution in soil within the aeration zone with anomalously high levels of DOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtuo Wen
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes, Xiamen, 361000, PR China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Yaci Liu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes, Xiamen, 361000, PR China.
| | - Qiulan Zhang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Changli Liu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes, Xiamen, 361000, PR China
| | - Yasong Li
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, PR China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes, Xiamen, 361000, PR China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, PR China
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Environmental Behavior and Remediation Methods of Roxarsone. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Roxarsone (ROX) is used extensively in the broiler chicken industry, and most is excreted in poultry litter. ROX degradation produces inorganic arsenic, which causes arsenic contamination of soil and aquatic environment. Furthermore, elevated arsenic concentrations are found in livers of chickens fed ROX. Microorganisms, light, and ions are the main factors that promote ROX degradation in the environment. The adsorption of ROX on different substances and its influencing factors have also been studied extensively. Additionally, the remediation method, combining adsorption and degradation, can effectively restore ROX contamination. Based on this, the review reports the ecological hazards, discussed the transformation and adsorption of ROX in environmental systems, documents the biological response to ROX, and summarizes the remediation methods of ROX contamination. Most previous studies of ROX have been focused on identifying the mechanisms involved under theoretical conditions, but more attention should be paid to the behavior of ROX under real environmental conditions, including the fate and transport of ROX in the real environment. ROX remediation methods at real contaminated sites should also be assessed and verified. The summary of previous studies on the environmental behavior and remediation methods of ROX is helpful for further research in the future.
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Xie X, Li J, Luo L, Liao W, Luo S. Phenylarsonics in concentrated animal feeding operations: Fate, associated risk, and treatment approaches. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128394. [PMID: 35158239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phenylarsonics are present as additives in animal feed in some countries. As only a small fraction of these additives is metabolized in animals, they mostly end up in the environment. A comprehensive investigation of the fate of these additives is crucial for evaluating their risks. This review aims to provide a clear understanding of the transformation mechanism of phenylarsonics in vivo and in vitro and to evaluate their fate and associated risks. Degradation of phenylarsonics releases toxic As species (mainly as inorganic arsenic (iAs)). Trivalent phenylarsonics are the metabolites or biotic degradation intermediates of phenylarsonics. The cleavage of As groups from trivalent phenylarsonics catalyzed by C-As lyase or other unknown pathways generates arsenite (As(III)). As(III) can be further oxidized to arsenate (As(V)) and methylated to methyl-arsenic species. The half-lives associated with abiotic degradation of phenylarsonics ranged from a few minutes to tens of hours, while those associated with biotic degradation ranged from several days to hundreds of days. Abiotic degradation resulted in a higher yield of iAs than biotic degradation. The use of phenylarsonics led to elevated total As and iAs levels in animal products and environmental matrices, resulting in As exposure risk to humans. The oxidation of phenylarsonics to As(V) facilitated the sorptive removal of As, which provides a general approach for treating these compounds. This review provides solid evidence that the use of phenylarsonics has adverse effects on both human health and environmental safety, and therefore, supports their withdrawal from the global market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiande Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jingxia Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Lin Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wenjuan Liao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Shuang Luo
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
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Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Fei Y, Tian X, Cao S. Identification of an anaerobic bacterial consortium that degrades roxarsone. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1003. [PMID: 32053294 PMCID: PMC7142373 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The degradation of roxarsone, an extensively used organoarsenic feed additive, occurs quickly under anaerobic conditions with microorganisms playing an important role in its degradation. Here, an anaerobic bacterial consortium that effectively degraded roxarsone was isolated, and its degradation efficiency and community changes along a roxarsone concentration gradient under anaerobic conditions were assessed. We used batch experiments to determine the roxarsone degradation rates, as well as the bacterial community structure and diversity, at initial roxarsone concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. The results showed that roxarsone was degraded completely within 28, 28, 36, and 44 hr at concentrations of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. The anaerobic bacterial consortium displayed considerable potential to degrade roxarsone, as the degradation rate increased with increasing roxarsone concentrations. Roxarsone promoted microbial growth, and in turn, the microorganisms degraded the organoarsenic compound, with the functional bacterial community varying between different roxarsone concentrations. Lysinibacillus, Alkaliphilus, and Proteiniclasticum were the main genera composing the roxarsone‐degrading bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasong Li
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yaci Liu
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhaoji Zhang
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuhong Fei
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xia Tian
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shengwei Cao
- Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China.,Key Laboratory of Groundwater Remediation of Hebei Province and China Geological Survey, Shijiazhuang, China
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