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An Updated Overview of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Iron in Movement Disorders. Behav Neurol 2022; 2022:3972173. [PMID: 35251368 PMCID: PMC8894064 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3972173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain iron load is one of the most important neuropathological hallmarks in movement disorders. Specifically, the iron provides most of the paramagnetic metal signals in the brain and its accumulation seems to play a key role, although not completely explained, in the degeneration of the basal ganglia, as well as other brain structures. Moreover, iron distribution patterns have been implicated in depicting different movement disorders. This work reviewed current literature on Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Brain Iron Detection and Quantification (MRI-BIDQ) in neurodegenerative processes underlying movement disorders.
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2
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Jin Z, Wang Y, Jokar M, Li Y, Cheng Z, Liu Y, Tang R, Shi X, Zhang Y, Min J, Liu F, He N, Yan F, Haacke EM. Automatic detection of neuromelanin and iron in the midbrain nuclei using a
magnetic resonance imaging
‐based brain template. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2011-2025. [PMID: 35072301 PMCID: PMC8933249 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized pathologically by early loss of neuromelanin (NM) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and increased iron deposition in the substantia nigra (SN). Degeneration of the SN presents as a 50 to 70% loss of pigmented neurons in the ventral lateral tier of the SNpc at the onset of symptoms. Also, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), iron deposition and volume changes of the red nucleus (RN), and subthalamic nucleus (STN) have been reported to be associated with disease status and rate of progression. Further, the STN serves as an important target for deep brain stimulation treatment in advanced PD patients. Therefore, an accurate in‐vivo delineation of the SN, its subregions and other midbrain structures such as the RN and STN could be useful to better study iron and NM changes in PD. Our goal was to use an MRI template to create an automatic midbrain deep gray matter nuclei segmentation approach based on iron and NM contrast derived from a single, multiecho magnetization transfer contrast gradient echo (MTC‐GRE) imaging sequence. The short echo TE = 7.5 ms data from a 3D MTC‐GRE sequence was used to find the NM‐rich region, while the second echo TE = 15 ms was used to calculate the quantitative susceptibility map for 87 healthy subjects (mean age ± SD: 63.4 ± 6.2 years old, range: 45–81 years). From these data, we created both NM and iron templates and calculated the boundaries of each midbrain nucleus in template space, mapped these boundaries back to the original space and then fine‐tuned the boundaries in the original space using a dynamic programming algorithm to match the details of each individual's NM and iron features. A dual mapping approach was used to improve the performance of the morphological mapping of the midbrain of any given individual to the template space. A threshold approach was used in the NM‐rich region and susceptibility maps to optimize the DICE similarity coefficients and the volume ratios. The results for the NM of the SN as well as the iron containing SN, STN, and RN all indicate a strong agreement with manually drawn structures. The DICE similarity coefficients and volume ratios for these structures were 0.85, 0.87, 0.75, and 0.92 and 0.93, 0.95, 0.89, 1.05, respectively, before applying any threshold on the data. Using this fully automatic template‐based deep gray matter mapping approach, it is possible to accurately measure the tissue properties such as volumes, iron content, and NM content of the midbrain nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijia Jin
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ying Wang
- SpinTech MRI, Inc. Detroit Michigan USA
- Department of Radiology Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
| | | | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zenghui Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Rongbiao Tang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Youmin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jihua Min
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Fangtao Liu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ewart Mark Haacke
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- SpinTech MRI, Inc. Detroit Michigan USA
- Department of Radiology Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
- Department of Neurology Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
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3
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Abbass M, Gilmore G, Taha A, Chevalier R, Jach M, Peters TM, Khan AR, Lau JC. Application of the anatomical fiducials framework to a clinical dataset of patients with Parkinson's disease. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:393-405. [PMID: 34687354 PMCID: PMC8741686 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02408-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Establishing spatial correspondence between subject and template images is necessary in neuroimaging research and clinical applications such as brain mapping and stereotactic neurosurgery. Our anatomical fiducial (AFID) framework has recently been validated to serve as a quantitative measure of image registration based on salient anatomical features. In this study, we sought to apply the AFIDs protocol to the clinic, focusing on structural magnetic resonance images obtained from patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We confirmed AFIDs could be placed to millimetric accuracy in the PD dataset with results comparable to those in normal control subjects. We evaluated subject-to-template registration using this framework by aligning the clinical scans to standard template space using a robust open preprocessing workflow. We found that registration errors measured using AFIDs were higher than previously reported, suggesting the need for optimization of image processing pipelines for clinical grade datasets. Finally, we examined the utility of using point-to-point distances between AFIDs as a morphometric biomarker of PD, finding evidence of reduced distances between AFIDs that circumscribe regions known to be affected in PD including the substantia nigra. Overall, we provide evidence that AFIDs can be successfully applied in a clinical setting and utilized to provide localized and quantitative measures of registration error. AFIDs provide clinicians and researchers with a common, open framework for quality control and validation of spatial correspondence and the location of anatomical structures, facilitating aggregation of imaging datasets and comparisons between various neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Abbass
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Greydon Gilmore
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alaa Taha
- Department of Physiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ryan Chevalier
- Department of Physiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Magdalena Jach
- Department of Physiology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Terry M Peters
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Ali R Khan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Imaging Research Laboratories, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Centre for Functional and Metabolic Mapping, Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Brain and Mind Institute, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Lau
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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4
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Vachha B, Huang SY. MRI with ultrahigh field strength and high-performance gradients: challenges and opportunities for clinical neuroimaging at 7 T and beyond. Eur Radiol Exp 2021; 5:35. [PMID: 34435246 PMCID: PMC8387544 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-021-00216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in ultrahigh magnetic field strength combined with ultrahigh and ultrafast gradient technology has provided enormous gains in sensitivity, resolution, and contrast for neuroimaging. This article provides an overview of the technical advantages and challenges of performing clinical neuroimaging studies at ultrahigh magnetic field strength combined with ultrahigh and ultrafast gradient technology. Emerging clinical applications of 7-T MRI and state-of-the-art gradient systems equipped with up to 300 mT/m gradient strength are reviewed, and the impact and benefits of such advances to anatomical, structural and functional MRI are discussed in a variety of neurological conditions. Finally, an outlook and future directions for ultrahigh field MRI combined with ultrahigh and ultrafast gradient technology in neuroimaging are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behroze Vachha
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Ave, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Susie Y Huang
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Room 2301, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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5
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Cosottini M, Roccatagliata L. Neuroimaging at 7 T: are we ready for clinical transition? Eur Radiol Exp 2021; 5:37. [PMID: 34435257 PMCID: PMC8387509 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-021-00234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last 20 years, ultra-high field (UHF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become an outstanding research tool for the study of the human brain, with 90 of these scanners installed today, worldwide. The recent clearances from regulatory bodies in the USA and Europe to 7-T clinical systems have set the ground for a transition from pure research applications to research and clinical use of these systems. As today, UFH neuroimaging is demonstrating clinical value and, given the importance of this topic for both preclinical scientists and clinical neuroradiologists, European Radiology Experimental is launching a thematic series entitled "7-T neuro MRI: from research to clinic", consisting of peer-reviewed articles, invited or spontaneously submitted, on topics selected by the guest editors, describing the state of the art of UHF MRI neuroimaging across different pathologies, as well as related clinical applications. In this editorial, we discuss some of the challenges related to the clinical use of 7-T scanners and the strengths and weaknesses of clinical imaging at UHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Cosottini
- Department of Translational Research On New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luca Roccatagliata
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Via Pastore 1, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
- Department of Neuroradiology, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genoa, Italy.
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6
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Poston KL, Ua Cruadhlaoich MAI, Santoso LF, Bernstein JD, Liu T, Wang Y, Rutt B, Kerchner GA, Zeineh MM. Substantia Nigra Volume Dissociates Bradykinesia and Rigidity from Tremor in Parkinson's Disease: A 7 Tesla Imaging Study. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2021; 10:591-604. [PMID: 32250317 PMCID: PMC7242837 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-191890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: In postmortem analysis of late stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) neuronal loss in the substantial nigra (SN) correlates with the antemortem severity of bradykinesia and rigidity, but not tremor. Objective: To investigate the relationship between midbrain nuclei volume as an in vivo biomarker for surviving neurons in mild-to-moderate patients using 7.0 Tesla MRI. Methods: We performed ultra-high resolution quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) on the midbrain in 32 PD participants with less than 10 years duration and 8 healthy controls. Following blinded manual segmentation, the individual volumes of the SN, subthalamic nucleus, and red nucleus were measured. We then determined the associations between the midbrain nuclei and clinical metrics (age, disease duration, MDS-UPDRS motor score, and subscores for bradykinesia/rigidity, tremor, and postural instability/gait difficulty). Results: We found that smaller SN correlated with longer disease duration (r = –0.49, p = 0.004), more severe MDS-UPDRS motor score (r = –0.42, p = 0.016), and more severe bradykinesia-rigidity subscore (r = –0.47, p = 0.007), but not tremor or postural instability/gait difficulty subscores. In a hemi-body analysis, bradykinesia-rigidity severity only correlated with SN contralateral to the less-affected hemi-body, and not contralateral to the more-affected hemi-body, possibly reflecting the greatest change in dopamine neuron loss early in disease. Multivariate generalized estimating equation model confirmed that bradykinesia-rigidity severity, age, and disease duration, but not tremor severity, predicted SN volume. Conclusions: In mild-to-moderate PD, SN volume relates to motor manifestations in a motor domain-specific and laterality-dependent manner. Non-invasive in vivo 7.0 Tesla QSM may serve as a biomarker in longitudinal studies of SN atrophy and in studies of people at risk for developing PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Matthew A I Ua Cruadhlaoich
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Laura F Santoso
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, USA.,California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Bernstein
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian Rutt
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael M Zeineh
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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7
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Bae YJ, Kim JM, Sohn CH, Choi JH, Choi BS, Song YS, Nam Y, Cho SJ, Jeon B, Kim JH. Imaging the Substantia Nigra in Parkinson Disease and Other Parkinsonian Syndromes. Radiology 2021; 300:260-278. [PMID: 34100679 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021203341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease is characterized by dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra of the midbrain. There are various imaging markers for Parkinson disease. Recent advances in MRI have enabled elucidation of the underlying pathophysiologic changes in the nigral structure. This has contributed to accurate and early diagnosis and has improved disease progression monitoring. This article aims to review recent developments in nigral imaging for Parkinson disease and other parkinsonian syndromes, including nigrosome imaging, neuromelanin imaging, quantitative iron mapping, and diffusion-tensor imaging. In particular, this article examines nigrosome imaging using 7-T MRI and 3-T susceptibility-weighted imaging. Finally, this article discusses volumetry and its clinical importance related to symptom manifestation. This review will improve understanding of recent advancements in nigral imaging of Parkinson disease. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Bae
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.J.B., B.S.C., S.J.C., J.H.K.), Neurology (J.M.K., J.H.C.), and Nuclear Medicine (Y.S.S.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Republic of Korea; Departments of Radiology (C.H.S.) and Neurology (B.J.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea (Y.N.)
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.J.B., B.S.C., S.J.C., J.H.K.), Neurology (J.M.K., J.H.C.), and Nuclear Medicine (Y.S.S.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Republic of Korea; Departments of Radiology (C.H.S.) and Neurology (B.J.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea (Y.N.)
| | - Chul-Ho Sohn
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.J.B., B.S.C., S.J.C., J.H.K.), Neurology (J.M.K., J.H.C.), and Nuclear Medicine (Y.S.S.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Republic of Korea; Departments of Radiology (C.H.S.) and Neurology (B.J.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea (Y.N.)
| | - Ji-Hyun Choi
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.J.B., B.S.C., S.J.C., J.H.K.), Neurology (J.M.K., J.H.C.), and Nuclear Medicine (Y.S.S.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Republic of Korea; Departments of Radiology (C.H.S.) and Neurology (B.J.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea (Y.N.)
| | - Byung Se Choi
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.J.B., B.S.C., S.J.C., J.H.K.), Neurology (J.M.K., J.H.C.), and Nuclear Medicine (Y.S.S.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Republic of Korea; Departments of Radiology (C.H.S.) and Neurology (B.J.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea (Y.N.)
| | - Yoo Sung Song
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.J.B., B.S.C., S.J.C., J.H.K.), Neurology (J.M.K., J.H.C.), and Nuclear Medicine (Y.S.S.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Republic of Korea; Departments of Radiology (C.H.S.) and Neurology (B.J.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea (Y.N.)
| | - Yoonho Nam
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.J.B., B.S.C., S.J.C., J.H.K.), Neurology (J.M.K., J.H.C.), and Nuclear Medicine (Y.S.S.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Republic of Korea; Departments of Radiology (C.H.S.) and Neurology (B.J.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea (Y.N.)
| | - Se Jin Cho
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.J.B., B.S.C., S.J.C., J.H.K.), Neurology (J.M.K., J.H.C.), and Nuclear Medicine (Y.S.S.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Republic of Korea; Departments of Radiology (C.H.S.) and Neurology (B.J.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea (Y.N.)
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.J.B., B.S.C., S.J.C., J.H.K.), Neurology (J.M.K., J.H.C.), and Nuclear Medicine (Y.S.S.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Republic of Korea; Departments of Radiology (C.H.S.) and Neurology (B.J.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea (Y.N.)
| | - Jae Hyoung Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (Y.J.B., B.S.C., S.J.C., J.H.K.), Neurology (J.M.K., J.H.C.), and Nuclear Medicine (Y.S.S.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 173-82 Gumi-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 463-707, Republic of Korea; Departments of Radiology (C.H.S.) and Neurology (B.J.), Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; and Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Yongin, Republic of Korea (Y.N.)
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Isherwood SJS, Bazin PL, Alkemade A, Forstmann BU. Quantity and quality: Normative open-access neuroimaging databases. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248341. [PMID: 33705468 PMCID: PMC7951909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The focus of this article is to compare twenty normative and open-access neuroimaging databases based on quantitative measures of image quality, namely, signal-to-noise (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratios (CNR). We further the analysis through discussing to what extent these databases can be used for the visualization of deeper regions of the brain, such as the subcortex, as well as provide an overview of the types of inferences that can be drawn. A quantitative comparison of contrasts including T1-weighted (T1w) and T2-weighted (T2w) images are summarized, providing evidence for the benefit of ultra-high field MRI. Our analysis suggests a decline in SNR in the caudate nuclei with increasing age, in T1w, T2w, qT1 and qT2* contrasts, potentially indicative of complex structural age-dependent changes. A similar decline was found in the corpus callosum of the T1w, qT1 and qT2* contrasts, though this relationship is not as extensive as within the caudate nuclei. These declines were accompanied by a declining CNR over age in all image contrasts. A positive correlation was found between scan time and the estimated SNR as well as a negative correlation between scan time and spatial resolution. Image quality as well as the number and types of contrasts acquired by these databases are important factors to take into account when selecting structural data for reuse. This article highlights the opportunities and pitfalls associated with sampling existing databases, and provides a quantitative backing for their usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Jie Shen Isherwood
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pierre-Louis Bazin
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anneke Alkemade
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Birte Uta Forstmann
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Seiler A, Nöth U, Hok P, Reiländer A, Maiworm M, Baudrexel S, Meuth S, Rosenow F, Steinmetz H, Wagner M, Hattingen E, Deichmann R, Gracien RM. Multiparametric Quantitative MRI in Neurological Diseases. Front Neurol 2021; 12:640239. [PMID: 33763021 PMCID: PMC7982527 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.640239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard imaging technique for diagnosis and monitoring of many neurological diseases. However, the application of conventional MRI in clinical routine is mainly limited to the visual detection of macroscopic tissue pathology since mixed tissue contrasts depending on hardware and protocol parameters hamper its application for the assessment of subtle or diffuse impairment of the structural tissue integrity. Multiparametric quantitative (q)MRI determines tissue parameters quantitatively, enabling the detection of microstructural processes related to tissue remodeling in aging and neurological diseases. In contrast to measuring tissue atrophy via structural imaging, multiparametric qMRI allows for investigating biologically distinct microstructural processes, which precede changes of the tissue volume. This facilitates a more comprehensive characterization of tissue alterations by revealing early impairment of the microstructural integrity and specific disease-related patterns. So far, qMRI techniques have been employed in a wide range of neurological diseases, including in particular conditions with inflammatory, cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative pathology. Numerous studies suggest that qMRI might add valuable information, including the detection of microstructural tissue damage in areas appearing normal on conventional MRI and unveiling the microstructural correlates of clinical manifestations. This review will give an overview of current qMRI techniques, the most relevant tissue parameters and potential applications in neurological diseases, such as early (differential) diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression, and evaluating effects of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Seiler
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrike Nöth
- Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Consortium, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Pavel Hok
- Department of Neurology, Palacký University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Annemarie Reiländer
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Michelle Maiworm
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Consortium, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Simon Baudrexel
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sven Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Rosenow
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Consortium, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, University Hospital, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Helmuth Steinmetz
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Consortium, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marlies Wagner
- Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Consortium, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Consortium, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Department of Neuroradiology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ralf Deichmann
- Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Consortium, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - René-Maxime Gracien
- Department of Neurology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Brain Imaging Center, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Consortium, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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10
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Imaging the Functional Neuroanatomy of Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Applications and Future Directions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052356. [PMID: 33670940 PMCID: PMC7967767 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The neurobiology of Parkinson’s disease and its progression has been investigated during the last few decades. Braak et al. proposed neuropathological stages of this disease based on the recognizable topographical extent of Lewy body lesions. This pathological process involves specific brain areas with an ascending course from the brain stem to the cortex. Post-mortem studies are of importance to better understand not only the progression of motor symptoms, but also the involvement of other domains, including cognition and behavior. The correlation between the neuropathological expansion of the disease and the clinical phases remains demanding. Neuroimaging, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), could help to bridge this existing gap by providing in vivo evidence of the extension of the disorders. In the last decade, we observed an overabundance of reports regarding the sensitivity of neuroimaging techniques. All these studies were aimed at improving the accuracy of Parkinson’s disease (PD) diagnosis and discriminating it from other causes of parkinsonism. In this review, we look at the recent literature concerning PD and address the new frontier of diagnostic accuracy in terms of identification of early stages of the disease and conventional neuroimaging techniques that, in vivo, are capable of photographing the basal ganglia network and its cerebral connections.
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11
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Saeed U, Lang AE, Masellis M. Neuroimaging Advances in Parkinson's Disease and Atypical Parkinsonian Syndromes. Front Neurol 2020; 11:572976. [PMID: 33178113 PMCID: PMC7593544 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.572976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical Parkinsonian syndromes are progressive heterogeneous neurodegenerative diseases that share clinical characteristic of parkinsonism as a common feature, but are considered distinct clinicopathological disorders. Based on the predominant protein aggregates observed within the brain, these disorders are categorized as, (1) α-synucleinopathies, which include PD and other Lewy body spectrum disorders as well as multiple system atrophy, and (2) tauopathies, which comprise progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. Although, great strides have been made in neurodegenerative disease research since the first medical description of PD in 1817 by James Parkinson, these disorders remain a major diagnostic and treatment challenge. A valid diagnosis at early disease stages is of paramount importance, as it can help accommodate differential prognostic and disease management approaches, enable the elucidation of reliable clinicopathological relationships ideally at prodromal stages, as well as facilitate the evaluation of novel therapeutics in clinical trials. However, the pursuit for early diagnosis in PD and atypical Parkinsonian syndromes is hindered by substantial clinical and pathological heterogeneity, which can influence disease presentation and progression. Therefore, reliable neuroimaging biomarkers are required in order to enhance diagnostic certainty and ensure more informed diagnostic decisions. In this article, an updated presentation of well-established and emerging neuroimaging biomarkers are reviewed from the following modalities: (1) structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), (2) diffusion-weighted and diffusion tensor MRI, (3) resting-state and task-based functional MRI, (4) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, (5) transcranial B-mode sonography for measuring substantia nigra and lentiform nucleus echogenicity, (6) single photon emission computed tomography for assessing the dopaminergic system and cerebral perfusion, and (7) positron emission tomography for quantifying nigrostriatal functions, glucose metabolism, amyloid, tau and α-synuclein molecular imaging, as well as neuroinflammation. Multiple biomarkers obtained from different neuroimaging modalities can provide distinct yet corroborative information on the underlying neurodegenerative processes. This integrative "multimodal approach" may prove superior to single modality-based methods. Indeed, owing to the international, multi-centered, collaborative research initiatives as well as refinements in neuroimaging technology that are currently underway, the upcoming decades will mark a pivotal and exciting era of further advancements in this field of neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Saeed
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,L.C. Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Cognitive and Movement Disorders Clinic, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON, Canada
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12
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Abstract
Qualitative and quantitative structural magnetic resonance imaging offer objective measures of the underlying neurodegeneration in atypical parkinsonism. Regional changes in tissue volume, signal changes and increased deposition of iron as assessed with different structural MRI techniques are surrogate markers of underlying neurodegeneration and may reflect cell loss, microglial proliferation and astroglial activation. Structural MRI has been explored as a tool to enhance diagnostic accuracy in differentiating atypical parkinsonian disorders (APDs). Moreover, the longitudinal assessment of serial structural MRI-derived parameters offers the opportunity for robust inferences regarding the progression of APDs. This review summarizes recent research findings as (1) a diagnostic tool for APDs as well as (2) as a tool to assess longitudinal changes of serial MRI-derived parameters in the different APDs.
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13
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Keuken MC, Isaacs BR, Trampel R, van der Zwaag W, Forstmann BU. Visualizing the Human Subcortex Using Ultra-high Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Brain Topogr 2018; 31:513-545. [PMID: 29497874 PMCID: PMC5999196 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-018-0638-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
With the recent increased availability of ultra-high field (UHF) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), substantial progress has been made in visualizing the human brain, which can now be done in extraordinary detail. This review provides an extensive overview of the use of UHF MRI in visualizing the human subcortex for both healthy and patient populations. The high inter-subject variability in size and location of subcortical structures limits the usability of atlases in the midbrain. Fortunately, the combined results of this review indicate that a large number of subcortical areas can be visualized in individual space using UHF MRI. Current limitations and potential solutions of UHF MRI for visualizing the subcortex are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Keuken
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15926, 1001NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cognitive Psychology Unit, Institute of Psychology and Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - B R Isaacs
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15926, 1001NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R Trampel
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - B U Forstmann
- Integrative Model-Based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Postbus 15926, 1001NK, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Knossalla F, Kohl Z, Winkler J, Schwab S, Schenk T, Engelhorn T, Doerfler A, Gölitz P. High-resolution diffusion tensor-imaging indicates asymmetric microstructural disorganization within substantia nigra in early Parkinson’s disease. J Clin Neurosci 2018; 50:199-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Sugiyama A, Sato N, Kimura Y, Ota M, Maekawa T, Sone D, Enokizono M, Murata M, Matsuda H, Kuwabara S. MR findings in the substantia nigra on phase difference enhanced imaging in neurodegenerative parkinsonism. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2017; 48:10-16. [PMID: 29279191 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging studies using phase difference enhanced imaging (PADRE) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) showed the obscuration of the boundary between the crural fibers and substantia nigra, and the absence of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity, respectively. PADRE images have not been evaluated in other types of neurodegenerative parkinsonism, and PADRE and SWI images have not been compared. Here we evaluated PADRE and SWI images in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), or PD and controls, and we compared the diagnostic values. METHODS PADRE and SWI-like MR images were visually assessed focusing on the substantia nigra in 39 PD patients, eight with PSP, 13 with MSA, and 34 normal controls. RESULTS The obscuration of the boundary between the crural fibers and substantia nigra on PADRE was observed in: the PD group, 62%; PSP, 100%; MSA, 60%, and controls, 19%. The overall collect classification for neurodegenerative parkinsonism was 74%. The absence of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity on SWI-like images was present in: PD, 97%; PSP, 100%; MSA, 67%; and controls, 6%, resulting in the overall correct classification of 96%. CONCLUSIONS The MR feature on PADRE was observed not only in PD but also in other neurodegenerative parkinsonism, especially in PSP with high sensitivity. The finding in substantia nigra on SWI had greater discrimination power than that of PADRE in neurodegenerative parkinsonism, especially in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsuhiko Sugiyama
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yukio Kimura
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Ota
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Maekawa
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daichi Sone
- Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mikako Enokizono
- Department of Radiology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miho Murata
- Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsuda
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kuwabara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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16
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Fang Y, Zheng T, Liu L, Gao D, Shi Q, Dong Y, Du D. Role of the combination of FA and T2* parameters as a new diagnostic method in therapeutic evaluation of parkinson's disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 48:84-93. [PMID: 29148118 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simple diffusion delivery (SDD) has attained good effects with only tiny amounts of drugs. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and relaxation time T2* that indicate the integrity of fiber tracts and iron concentration within brain tissue were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SDD. PURPOSE To evaluate therapeutic effect of SDD in the Parkinson's disease (PD) rat model with FA and T2* parameters. STUDY TYPE Prospective case-control animal study. POPULATION Thirty-two male Sprague Dawley rats (eight normal, eight PD, eight SDD, and eight subcutaneous injection rats). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Single-shot spin echo echo-planar imaging and fast low-angle shot T2 WI sequences at 3.0T. ASSESSMENT Parameters of FA and T2* on the treated side of the substantia nigra were measured to evaluate the therapeutic effect of SDD in a PD rat model. STATISTICAL TESTS The effects of time on FA and T2* values were analyzed by repeated measurement tests. A one-way analysis of variance was conducted, followed by individual comparisons of the mean FA and T2* values at different timepoints. RESULTS The FA values on the treated side of the substantia nigra in the SDD treatment group and subcutaneous injection treatment group were significantly higher at week 1 and lower at week 6 than that of the PD control group (SDD vs. PD, week 1, adjusted P = 0.012; subcutaneous vs. PD, week 1, adjusted P < 0.001; SDD vs. PD, week 6, adjusted P = 0.004; subcutaneous vs. PD, week 6, adjusted P = 0.024). The T2* parameter in the SDD treatment group and subcutaneous injection treatment group was significantly higher than that in the PD control group at week 6 (SDD vs. PD, adjusted P = 0.032; subcutaneous vs. PD, adjusted P < 0.001). DATA CONCLUSION The combination of FA and T2* parameters can potentially serve as a new effective evaluation method of the therapeutic effect of SDD. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 4 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Fang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Lanxiang Liu
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Gao
- Applied Chemical Key Lab of Hebei Province, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Qinglei Shi
- Scientific Clinical Specialist, Siemens Ltd., Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yanchao Dong
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, P.R. China
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17
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Gramsch C, Reuter I, Kraff O, Quick HH, Tanislav C, Roessler F, Deuschl C, Forsting M, Schlamann M. Nigrosome 1 visibility at susceptibility weighted 7T MRI-A dependable diagnostic marker for Parkinson's disease or merely an inconsistent, age-dependent imaging finding? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185489. [PMID: 29016618 PMCID: PMC5634553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Visualisation of nigrosome 1, a substructure of the healthy substantia nigra, was restricted in susceptibility weighted MR imaging in almost all patients with Parkinson's disease studied so far. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of visibility of this substructure in subjects without Parkinson’s disease and to examine the potential link between increasing brain iron accumulation with age and its detectability. Methods In 46 subjects (21 women, 25 men; 19 to 75 y; mean age: 44.5; SD: 15.6) examined with susceptibility weighted MR imaging at 7T visibility of nigrosome 1 was rated and classified. We assessed differences related to age and to signal intensities in the substantia nigra, red nucleus and putamen as correlates of the individual iron concentration. Results In 93% nigrosome 1was at least unilaterally clearly present. In 24% at least one-sided limited visibility was observed. Using predefined classification criteria the specificity of the visibility across all age groups reached approximately 94%. We found no correlation with increasing iron concentrations with age. Conclusion Aging with a related increase in iron concentration probably does not affect the visibility of nigrosome 1 at 7T SWI MRI. Our results support the role of this feature as a future differential diagnostic tool but further large-scale prospective studies are needed to better define the extent of a “limited visibility” to which an individual can be considered healthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Gramsch
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Iris Reuter
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Oliver Kraff
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Harald H. Quick
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- High Field and Hybrid MR Imaging, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Florian Roessler
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cornelius Deuschl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Michael Forsting
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Marc Schlamann
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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18
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Schneider CB, Donix M, Linse K, Werner A, Fauser M, Klingelhoefer L, Löhle M, von Kummer R, Reichmann H, Storch A. Accelerated Age-Dependent Hippocampal Volume Loss in Parkinson Disease With Mild Cognitive Impairment. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2017; 32:313-319. [PMID: 28468552 PMCID: PMC10852576 DOI: 10.1177/1533317517698794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with Parkinson disease are at high risk of developing dementia. During the course of the disease, a substantial number of patients will experience a cognitive decline, indicating the dynamics of the underlying neuropathology. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become increasingly useful for identifying structural characteristics in radiological brain anatomy existing prior to clinical symptoms. Whether these changes reflect pathology, whether they are aging related, or both often remains unclear. We hypothesized that aging-associated brain structural changes would be more pronounced in the hippocampal region among patients with Parkinson disease having mild cognitive deficits relative to cognitively unimpaired patients. METHODS Using MRI, we investigated 30 cognitively healthy patients with Parkinson disease and 33 patients with nondemented Parkinson disease having mild cognitive impairment. All participants underwent structural MRI scanning and extensive clinical and neuropsychological assessments. RESULTS Irrespective of the study participants' cognitive status, older age was associated with reduced cortical thickness in various neocortical regions. Having mild cognitive impairment was not associated with an increased rate of cortical thinning or volume loss in these regions, except in the hippocampus bilaterally. CONCLUSION Patients with Parkinson disease having mild cognitive impairment show an accelerated age-dependent hippocampal volume loss when compared with cognitively healthy patients with Parkinson disease. This may indicate pathological processes in a key region for memory functioning in patients with Parkinson disease at risk of developing dementia. Structural MRI of the hippocampal region could potentially contribute to identifying patients who should receive early treatment aimed at delaying the clinical onset of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine B. Schneider
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Donix
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Old Age Psychiatry and Cognitive Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina Linse
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Werner
- Institute and Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Mareike Fauser
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lisa Klingelhoefer
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Löhle
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
| | - Rüdiger von Kummer
- Institute and Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Heinz Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Storch
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18147 Rostock, Germany
- German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 18147 Rostock, Germany
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19
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Heim B, Krismer F, De Marzi R, Seppi K. Magnetic resonance imaging for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 124:915-964. [PMID: 28378231 PMCID: PMC5514207 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1717-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The differential diagnosis of parkinsonian syndromes is considered one of the most challenging in neurology and error rates in the clinical diagnosis can be high even at specialized centres. Despite several limitations, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has undoubtedly enhanced the diagnostic accuracy in the differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative parkinsonism over the last three decades. This review aims to summarize research findings regarding the value of the different MRI techniques, including advanced sequences at high- and ultra-high-field MRI and modern image analysis algorithms, in the diagnostic work-up of Parkinson's disease. This includes not only the exclusion of alternative diagnoses for Parkinson's disease such as symptomatic parkinsonism and atypical parkinsonism, but also the diagnosis of early, new onset, and even prodromal Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Heim
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Krismer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Roberto De Marzi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
- Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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20
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Keuken MC, Bazin PL, Backhouse K, Beekhuizen S, Himmer L, Kandola A, Lafeber JJ, Prochazkova L, Trutti A, Schäfer A, Turner R, Forstmann BU. Effects of aging on T₁, T₂*, and QSM MRI values in the subcortex. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:2487-2505. [PMID: 28168364 PMCID: PMC5541117 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-016-1352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
The aging brain undergoes several anatomical changes that can be measured with Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Early studies using lower field strengths have assessed changes in tissue properties mainly qualitatively, using [Formula: see text]- or [Formula: see text]- weighted images to provide image contrast. With the development of higher field strengths (7 T and above) and more advanced MRI contrasts, quantitative measures can be acquired even of small subcortical structures. This study investigates volumetric, spatial, and quantitative MRI parameter changes associated with healthy aging in a range of subcortical nuclei, including the basal ganglia, red nucleus, and the periaqueductal grey. The results show that aging has a heterogenous effects across regions. Across the subcortical areas an increase of [Formula: see text] values is observed, most likely indicating a loss of myelin. Only for a number of areas, a decrease of [Formula: see text] and increase of QSM is found, indicating an increase of iron. Aging also results in a location shift for a number of structures indicating the need for visualization of the anatomy of individual brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Keuken
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - P-L Bazin
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K Backhouse
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Beekhuizen
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Himmer
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Kandola
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J Lafeber
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Prochazkova
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Trutti
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Schäfer
- Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Diagnostic Imaging, Magnetic Resonance, Research and Development, Erlangen, Germany
| | - R Turner
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - B U Forstmann
- Integrative Model-based Cognitive Neuroscience Research Unit, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Saeed U, Compagnone J, Aviv RI, Strafella AP, Black SE, Lang AE, Masellis M. Imaging biomarkers in Parkinson's disease and Parkinsonian syndromes: current and emerging concepts. Transl Neurodegener 2017; 6:8. [PMID: 28360997 PMCID: PMC5370489 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-017-0076-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two centuries ago in 1817, James Parkinson provided the first medical description of Parkinson’s disease, later refined by Jean-Martin Charcot in the mid-to-late 19th century to include the atypical parkinsonian variants (also termed, Parkinson-plus syndromes). Today, Parkinson’s disease represents the second most common neurodegenerative disorder with an estimated global prevalence of over 10 million. Conversely, atypical parkinsonian syndromes encompass a group of relatively heterogeneous disorders that may share some clinical features with Parkinson’s disease, but are uncommon distinct clinicopathological diseases. Decades of scientific advancements have vastly improved our understanding of these disorders, including improvements in in vivo imaging for biomarker identification. Multimodal imaging for the visualization of structural and functional brain changes is especially important, as it allows a ‘window’ into the underlying pathophysiological abnormalities. In this article, we first present an overview of the cardinal clinical and neuropathological features of, 1) synucleinopathies: Parkinson’s disease and other Lewy body spectrum disorders, as well as multiple system atrophy, and 2) tauopathies: progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration. A comprehensive presentation of well-established and emerging imaging biomarkers for each disorder are then discussed. Biomarkers for the following imaging modalities are reviewed: 1) structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using T1, T2, and susceptibility-weighted sequences for volumetric and voxel-based morphometric analyses, as well as MRI derived visual signatures, 2) diffusion tensor MRI for the assessment of white matter tract injury and microstructural integrity, 3) proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy for quantifying proton-containing brain metabolites, 4) single photon emission computed tomography for the evaluation of nigrostriatal integrity (as assessed by presynaptic dopamine transporters and postsynaptic dopamine D2 receptors), and cerebral perfusion, 5) positron emission tomography for gauging nigrostriatal functions, glucose metabolism, amyloid and tau molecular imaging, as well as neuroinflammation, 6) myocardial scintigraphy for dysautonomia, and 7) transcranial sonography for measuring substantia nigra and lentiform nucleus echogenicity. Imaging biomarkers, using the ‘multimodal approach’, may aid in making early, accurate and objective diagnostic decisions, highlight neuroanatomical and pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as assist in evaluating disease progression and therapeutic responses to drugs in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Saeed
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jordana Compagnone
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Richard I Aviv
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto and Division of Neuroradiology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antonio P Strafella
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Brain, Imaging & Behaviour - Systems Neuroscience, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sandra E Black
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Heart & Stroke Foundation Canadian Partnership for Stroke Recovery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada.,Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,LC Campbell Cognitive Neurology Research Unit, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, 2075 Bayview Ave., Room A4-55, Toronto, Ontario M4N 3 M5 Canada
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22
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Lehericy S, Vaillancourt DE, Seppi K, Monchi O, Rektorova I, Antonini A, McKeown MJ, Masellis M, Berg D, Rowe JB, Lewis SJG, Williams-Gray CH, Tessitore A, Siebner HR. The role of high-field magnetic resonance imaging in parkinsonian disorders: Pushing the boundaries forward. Mov Disord 2017; 32:510-525. [PMID: 28370449 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has contributed little to the study of Parkinson's disease (PD), but modern MRI approaches have unveiled several complementary markers that are useful for research and clinical applications. Iron- and neuromelanin-sensitive MRI detect qualitative changes in the substantia nigra. Quantitative MRI markers can be derived from diffusion weighted and iron-sensitive imaging or volumetry. Functional brain alterations at rest or during task performance have been captured with functional and arterial spin labeling perfusion MRI. These markers are useful for the diagnosis of PD and atypical parkinsonism, to track disease progression from the premotor stages of these diseases and to better understand the neurobiological basis of clinical deficits. A current research goal using MRI is to generate time-dependent models of the evolution of PD biomarkers that can help understand neurodegeneration and provide reliable markers for therapeutic trials. This article reviews recent advances in MRI biomarker research at high-field (3T) and ultra high field-imaging (7T) in PD and atypical parkinsonism. © 2017 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Lehericy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière - ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche - CENIR, Sorbonne Universités, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - David E Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, Department of Neurology and Centre for Movement Disorders and Neurorestoration, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria and Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Oury Monchi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Irena Rektorova
- First Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brain and Mind Research Program, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Parkinson and Movement Disorders Unit, istituto di ricovero e cura a carattere scientifico (IRCCS) Hospital San Camillo, Venice and Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Martin J McKeown
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Center, Department of Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel and Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cambridge University, and Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessandro Tessitore
- Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic and Aging Sciences, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Hartwig R Siebner
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Department of Neurology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Hvidovre, Denmark
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23
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Sclocco R, Beissner F, Bianciardi M, Polimeni JR, Napadow V. Challenges and opportunities for brainstem neuroimaging with ultrahigh field MRI. Neuroimage 2017; 168:412-426. [PMID: 28232189 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human brainstem plays a central role in connecting the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the spinal cord to one another, hosting relay nuclei for afferent and efferent signaling, and providing source nuclei for several neuromodulatory systems that impact central nervous system function. While the investigation of the brainstem with functional or structural magnetic resonance imaging has been hampered for years due to this brain structure's physiological and anatomical characteristics, the field has seen significant advances in recent years thanks to the broader adoption of ultrahigh-field (UHF) MRI scanning. In the present review, we focus on the advantages offered by UHF in the context of brainstem imaging, as well as the challenges posed by the investigation of this complex brain structure in terms of data acquisition and analysis. We also illustrate how UHF MRI can shed new light on the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology underlying different brainstem-based circuitries, such as the central autonomic network and neurotransmitter/neuromodulator systems, discuss existing and foreseeable clinical applications to better understand diseases such as chronic pain and Parkinson's disease, and explore promising future directions for further improvements in brainstem imaging using UHF MRI techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sclocco
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY 149-2301, 13th St. Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO, USA.
| | - Florian Beissner
- Somatosensory and Autonomic Therapy Research, Institute for Neuroradiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Marta Bianciardi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY 149-2301, 13th St. Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jonathan R Polimeni
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY 149-2301, 13th St. Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vitaly Napadow
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, CNY 149-2301, 13th St. Charlestown, Boston, MA 02129, USA; Department of Radiology, Logan University, Chesterfield, MO, USA
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24
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Massey LA, Miranda MA, Al-Helli O, Parkes HG, Thornton JS, So PW, White MJ, Mancini L, Strand C, Holton J, Lees AJ, Revesz T, Yousry TA. 9.4 T MR microscopy of the substantia nigra with pathological validation in controls and disease. Neuroimage Clin 2016; 13:154-163. [PMID: 27981030 PMCID: PMC5144755 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2016.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anatomy of the substantia nigra on conventional MRI is controversial. Even using histological techniques it is difficult to delineate with certainty from surrounding structures. We sought to define the anatomy of the SN using high field spin-echo MRI of pathological material in which we could study the anatomy in detail to corroborate our MRI findings in controls and Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. METHODS 23 brains were selected from the Queen Square Brain Bank (10 controls, 8 progressive supranuclear palsy, 5 Parkinson's disease) and imaged using high field 9.4 Tesla spin-echo MRI. Subsequently brains were cut and stained with Luxol fast blue, Perls stain, and immunohistochemistry for substance P and calbindin. Once the anatomy was defined on histology the dimensions and volume of the substantia nigra were determined on high field magnetic resonance images. RESULTS The anterior border of the substantia nigra was defined by the crus cerebri. In the medial half it was less distinct due to the deposition of iron and the interdigitation of white matter and the substantia nigra. The posterior border was flanked by white matter bridging the red nucleus and substantia nigra and seen as hypointense on spin-echo magnetic resonance images. Within the substantia nigra high signal structures corresponded to confirmed nigrosomes. These were still evident in Parkinson's disease but not in progressive supranuclear palsy. The volume and dimensions of the substantia nigra were similar in Parkinson's disease and controls, but reduced in progressive supranuclear palsy. CONCLUSIONS We present a histologically validated anatomical description of the substantia nigra on high field spin-echo high resolution magnetic resonance images and were able to delineate all five nigrosomes. In accordance with the pathological literature we did not observe changes in the nigrosome structure as manifest by volume or signal characteristics within the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease whereas in progressive supranuclear palsy there was microarchitectural destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- LA Massey
- Sara Koe Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - MA Miranda
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - O Al-Helli
- Sara Koe Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - HG Parkes
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - JS Thornton
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - P-W So
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - MJ White
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Mancini
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Strand
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - AJ Lees
- Sara Koe Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Revesz
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - TA Yousry
- Department of Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
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25
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Verhagen R, Schuurman PR, van den Munckhof P, Contarino MF, de Bie RMA, Bour LJ. Comparative study of microelectrode recording-based STN location and MRI-based STN location in low to ultra-high field (7.0 T) T2-weighted MRI images. J Neural Eng 2016; 13:066009. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/13/6/066009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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26
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Trattnig S, Bogner W, Gruber S, Szomolanyi P, Juras V, Robinson S, Zbýň Š, Haneder S. Clinical applications at ultrahigh field (7 T). Where does it make the difference? NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1316-34. [PMID: 25762432 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Presently, three major MR vendors provide commercial 7-T units for clinical research under ethical permission, with the number of operating 7-T systems having increased to over 50. This rapid increase indicates the growing interest in ultrahigh-field MRI because of improved clinical results with regard to morphological as well as functional and metabolic capabilities. As the signal-to-noise ratio scales linearly with the field strength (B0 ) of the scanner, the most obvious application at 7 T is to obtain higher spatial resolution in the brain, musculoskeletal system and breast. Of specific clinical interest for neuro-applications is the cerebral cortex at 7 T, for the detection of changes in cortical structure as a sign of early dementia, as well as for the visualization of cortical microinfarcts and cortical plaques in multiple sclerosis. In the imaging of the hippocampus, even subfields of the internal hippocampal anatomy and pathology can be visualized with excellent resolution. The dynamic and static blood oxygenation level-dependent contrast increases linearly with the field strength, which significantly improves the pre-surgical evaluation of eloquent areas before tumor removal. Using susceptibility-weighted imaging, the plaque-vessel relationship and iron accumulation in multiple sclerosis can be visualized for the first time. Multi-nuclear clinical applications, such as sodium imaging for the evaluation of repair tissue quality after cartilage transplantation and (31) P spectroscopy for the differentiation between non-alcoholic benign liver disease and potentially progressive steatohepatitis, are only possible at ultrahigh fields. Although neuro- and musculoskeletal imaging have already demonstrated the clinical superiority of ultrahigh fields, whole-body clinical applications at 7 T are still limited, mainly because of the lack of suitable coils. The purpose of this article was therefore to review the clinical studies that have been performed thus far at 7 T, compared with 3 T, as well as those studies performed at 7 T that cannot be routinely performed at 3 T. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- CD Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Gruber
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavol Szomolanyi
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vladimir Juras
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Simon Robinson
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Štefan Zbýň
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Haneder
- Vascular and Abdominal Imaging, Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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27
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Tuite P. Magnetic resonance imaging as a potential biomarker for Parkinson's disease. Transl Res 2016; 175:4-16. [PMID: 26763585 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD) remains an unfulfilled objective, there have been numerous developments in MRI methodology and some of these have shown promise for PD. With funding from the National Institutes of Health and the Michael J Fox Foundation there will be further validation of structural, diffusion-based, and iron-focused MRI methods as possible biomarkers for PD. In this review, these methods and other strategies such as neurochemical and metabolic MRI have been covered. One of the challenges in establishing a biomarker is in the selection of individuals as PD is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical features, different etiologies, and a range of pathologic changes. Additionally, longitudinal studies are needed of individuals with clinically diagnosed PD and cohorts of individuals who are at great risk for developing PD to validate methods. Ultimately an MRI biomarker will be useful in the diagnosis of PD, predicting the course of PD, providing a means to track its course, and provide an approach to select and monitor treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Tuite
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
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28
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Kim JM, Jeong HJ, Bae YJ, Park SY, Kim E, Kang SY, Oh ES, Kim KJ, Jeon B, Kim SE, Cho ZH, Kim YB. Loss of substantia nigra hyperintensity on 7 Tesla MRI of Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 26:47-54. [PMID: 26951846 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seven Tesla (7T) MRI can visualize anatomical alterations occurring in a hyperintense structure of the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE We investigated whether 7T MRI can detect the loss of substantia nigra hyperintensity in patients with PD, multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). METHODS Using 7T MRI, we evaluated 26 healthy subjects, 30 patients with PD, 7 patients with MSA, and 3 patients with PSP. Two blinded readers independently assessed the images. We carried out a comparative analysis of five patients with hemiparkinsonism via (123)I-2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-iodophenyl)-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-nortropane ((123)I-FP-CIT) SPECT. RESULTS 7T MRI revealed a definitive shape of nigral hyperintensity in healthy subjects, nearly identical to neuropathological characterization of nigrosome 1, and enabled instantaneous determination of its presence or absence in all subjects. Nigral hyperintensity was lost in all patients with PD, MSA with predominant parkinsonism, and PSP. One of five patients with MSA with predominant cerebellar ataxia showed an intact nigral hyperintensity. The side effects were mild and tolerable, and imaging was successful in patients with dyskinesia. Motion artifact incidence was higher in elderly subjects. In hemiparkinsonism cases, we observed partial loss of nigral hyperintensity on the side of less reduced (123)I-FP-CIT binding, suggesting an ongoing iron deposition on the unaffected side in hemiparkinsonism. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that 7T MRI represents an excellent tool for evaluating nigral hyperintensity in PD, MSA, and PSP, with tolerable side effects and limited motion artifacts. Thus, imaging of parkinsonism may benefit from using 7T MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Jeong
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yun Jung Bae
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sung-Yeon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Eunhee Kim
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seo Young Kang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Eung Seok Oh
- Department of Neurology, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyeong Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Sang Eun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Zang-Hee Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Young-Bo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University of Medicine and Science, Incheon, South Korea.
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29
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Weingarten CP, Sundman MH, Hickey P, Chen NK. Neuroimaging of Parkinson's disease: Expanding views. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 59:16-52. [PMID: 26409344 PMCID: PMC4763948 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular and structural and functional neuroimaging are rapidly expanding the complexity of neurobiological understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD). This review article begins with an introduction to PD neurobiology as a foundation for interpreting neuroimaging findings that may further lead to more integrated and comprehensive understanding of PD. Diverse areas of PD neuroimaging are then reviewed and summarized, including positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, transcranial sonography, magnetoencephalography, and multimodal imaging, with focus on human studies published over the last five years. These included studies on differential diagnosis, co-morbidity, genetic and prodromal PD, and treatments from L-DOPA to brain stimulation approaches, transplantation and gene therapies. Overall, neuroimaging has shown that PD is a neurodegenerative disorder involving many neurotransmitters, brain regions, structural and functional connections, and neurocognitive systems. A broad neurobiological understanding of PD will be essential for translational efforts to develop better treatments and preventive strategies. Many questions remain and we conclude with some suggestions for future directions of neuroimaging of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol P Weingarten
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Mark H Sundman
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, United States
| | - Patrick Hickey
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Nan-kuei Chen
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, United States
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30
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Langley J, Huddleston DE, Chen X, Sedlacik J, Zachariah N, Hu X. A multicontrast approach for comprehensive imaging of substantia nigra. Neuroimage 2015; 112:7-13. [PMID: 25731994 PMCID: PMC4415274 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterize the contrast behavior of substantia nigra (SN) in both magnetization transfer (MT) imaging, which is believed to be sensitive to neuromelanin (NM), and susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI). Images were acquired with a MT prepared dual echo gradient echo sequence. The first echo was taken as the MT contrast image and the second was used to generate the SWI image. SN volumes were segmented from these two types of images using a thresholding method. The spatial and signal characteristics of the extracted SWI and MT volumes were compared. Both images showed the presence of SN but the volumes of the SN identified in the two are spatially incongruent. The MT volume was more caudal than the SWI volume and with only a 12% overlap between the two volumes. Considering the SN volumes in each hemisphere separately, the average distances between the centers of mass of the volumes from the two types images are 5.1±1.1mm and 4.1±1.2mm, respectively. The frequency offsets (homodyne filtered phase/echo time) for the volumes derived from MT (NM) images and SWI images are 0.09±0.32radians/s and -1.12±0.57radians/s (p<0.0001), respectively. The MT contrasts for the two volumes are 0.16±0.02 and 0.10±0.03 (p<0.001), respectively. Our results indicate that the two contrasts are sensitive to different portions of the SN, with MT seeing the more caudal portion of the SN than SWI, likely due to variations of NM and iron content in the SN. Despite the small overlap, these regions are complementary. Our results provide a new understanding of the contrast behavior of the SN in the two imaging approaches commonly used to image it and indicate that using both may yield a more comprehensive visualization of the SN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Langley
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daniel E Huddleston
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Center for Health Research Southeast, Kaiser Permanente, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xiangchuan Chen
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jan Sedlacik
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nishant Zachariah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Reiter E, Mueller C, Pinter B, Krismer F, Scherfler C, Esterhammer R, Kremser C, Schocke M, Wenning GK, Poewe W, Seppi K. Dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity on 3.0T susceptibility-weighted imaging in neurodegenerative Parkinsonism. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1068-76. [PMID: 25773707 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Absence of a hyperintense, ovoid area within the dorsolateral border of the otherwise hypointense pars compacta of the substantia nigra (referred to as dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity) on iron-sensitive high-field magnetic resonance imaging sequences seems to be a typical finding for patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE This study was undertaken to evaluate the diagnostic value of the dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity in a cohort of patients with neurodegenerative parkinsonism including PD, multiple system atrophy (MSA), and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) as well as healthy controls using high-field susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) at 3.0 Tesla (T). METHODS Absence of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity was assessed on visual inspection of anonymized 3.0T SWI scans in a case-control study including 148 patients with neurodegenerative parkinsonism (PD: n = 104; MSA: n = 22; PSP: n = 22) and 42 healthy controls. RESULTS Dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity was absent unilaterally in all patients with MSA or PSP, in 83 of 90 patients with PD, but only in one of the healthy controls resulting in an overall correct classification of 95.2% in discriminating neurodegenerative parkinsonism from controls in the per-protocol analysis. Overall correct classification was 93.2% in the intent-to-diagnose analysis, including also SWI scans with poor quality (12.1% of all scans) for nigral evaluation. CONCLUSION Visual assessment of dorsolateral nigral hyperintensity on high-field SWI scans may serve as a new simple diagnostic imaging marker for neurodegenerative parkinsonian disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Reiter
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bernadette Pinter
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Florian Krismer
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christoph Scherfler
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Regina Esterhammer
- Department of Radiology I, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Kremser
- Department of Radiology I, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Schocke
- Department of Radiology I, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Gregor K Wenning
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Poewe
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Seppi
- Department of Neurology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.,Neuroimaging Research Core Facility, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ben-David
- From the Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - R Tu
- From the Department of Radiology, George Washington University Hospital, Washington, DC.
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Kuchling J, Sinnecker T, Bozin I, Dörr J, Madai VI, Sobesky J, Niendorf T, Paul F, Wuerfel J. [Ultrahigh field MRI in context of neurological diseases]. DER NERVENARZT 2014; 85:445-58. [PMID: 24549692 DOI: 10.1007/s00115-013-3967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultrahigh field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF-MRI) has recently gained substantial scientific interest. At field strengths of 7 Tesla (T) and higher UHF-MRI provides unprecedented spatial resolution due to an increased signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The UHF-MRI method has been successfully applied in various neurological disorders. In neuroinflammatory diseases UHF-MRI has already provided a detailed insight into individual pathological disease processes and elucidated differential diagnoses of several disease entities, e.g. multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and Susac's syndrome. The excellent depiction of normal blood vessels, vessel abnormalities and infarct morphology by UHF-MRI can be utilized in vascular diseases. Detailed imaging of the hippocampus in Alzheimer's disease and the substantia nigra in Parkinson's disease as well as sensitivity to iron depositions could be valuable in neurodegenerative diseases. Current UHF-MRI studies still suffer from small sample sizes, selection bias or propensity to image artefacts. In addition, the increasing clinical relevance of 3T-MRI has not been sufficiently appreciated in previous studies. Although UHF-MRI is only available at a small number of medical research centers it could provide a high-end diagnostic tool for healthcare optimization in the foreseeable future. The potential of UHF-MRI still has to be carefully validated by profound prospective research to define its place in future medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kuchling
- NeuroCure Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Deutschland
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Ward RJ, Zucca FA, Duyn JH, Crichton RR, Zecca L. The role of iron in brain ageing and neurodegenerative disorders. Lancet Neurol 2014; 13:1045-60. [PMID: 25231526 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(14)70117-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1067] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY In the CNS, iron in several proteins is involved in many important processes such as oxygen transportation, oxidative phosphorylation, myelin production, and the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters. Abnormal iron homoeostasis can induce cellular damage through hydroxyl radical production, which can cause the oxidation and modification of lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and DNA. During ageing, different iron complexes accumulate in brain regions associated with motor and cognitive impairment. In various neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, changes in iron homoeostasis result in altered cellular iron distribution and accumulation. MRI can often identify these changes, thus providing a potential diagnostic biomarker of neurodegenerative diseases. An important avenue to reduce iron accumulation is the use of iron chelators that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier, penetrate cells, and reduce excessive iron accumulation, thereby affording neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta J Ward
- Centre for Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Department of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Imperial College London, London, UK; Faculte de Science, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Fabio A Zucca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Jeff H Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Robert R Crichton
- Faculte de Science, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Luigi Zecca
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Segrate, Milan, Italy.
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Lehéricy S, Bardinet E, Poupon C, Vidailhet M, François C. 7 tesla magnetic resonance imaging: A closer look at substantia nigra anatomy in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2014; 29:1574-81. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2014] [Revised: 08/09/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Lehéricy
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR; Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06 Paris France
- ICM Team Control of Normal and Abnormal Movement
- Service de neuroradiologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière; Paris France
| | - Eric Bardinet
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière-ICM, Centre de NeuroImagerie de Recherche-CENIR; Paris France
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06 Paris France
| | | | - Marie Vidailhet
- Sorbonne Universités; UPMC Univ Paris 06 Paris France
- ICM Team Control of Normal and Abnormal Movement
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Pyatigorskaya N, Gallea C, Garcia-Lorenzo D, Vidailhet M, Lehericy S. A review of the use of magnetic resonance imaging in Parkinson's disease. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2014; 7:206-20. [PMID: 25002908 DOI: 10.1177/1756285613511507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the most frequently used Parkinson's disease (PD) biomarkers are the brain imaging measures of dopaminergic dysfunction using positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography. However, major advances have occurred in the development of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers for PD in the past decade. Although conventional structural imaging remains normal in PD, advanced techniques have shown changes in the substantia nigra and the cortex. The most well-developed MRI markers in PD include diffusion imaging and iron load using T2/T2* relaxometry techniques. Other quantitative biomarkers such as susceptibility-weighted imaging for iron load, magnetization transfer and ultra-high-field MRI have shown great potential. More sophisticated techniques such as tractography and resting state functional connectivity give access to anatomical and functional connectivity changes in the brain, respectively. Brain perfusion can be assessed using non-contrast-agent techniques such as arterial spin labelling and spectroscopy gives access to metabolites concentrations. However, to date these techniques are not yet fully validated and standardized quantitative metrics for PD are still lacking. This review presents an overview of new structural, perfusion, metabolic and anatomo-functional connectivity biomarkers, their use in PD and their potential applications to improve the clinical diagnosis of Parkinsonian syndromes and the quality of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Pyatigorskaya
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Gallea
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Garcia-Lorenzo
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Centre de Neuroimagerie de Recherche, Paris, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC Univ Paris 6), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle epiniere, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Lehericy
- Service de neuroradiologie, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, 47 boulevard de l'hopital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
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Pictorial Review of In Vivo Human Brain: From Anatomy to Molecular Imaging. World Neurosurg 2014; 82:72-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2012.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ellmore TM, Murphy SM, Cruz K, Castriotta RJ, Schiess MC. Averaging of diffusion tensor imaging direction-encoded color maps for localizing substantia nigra. Comput Biol Med 2014; 51:104-10. [PMID: 24905890 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a form of MRI that has been used extensively to map in vivo the white matter architecture of the human brain. It is also used for mapping subcortical nuclei because of its general sensitivity to tissue orientation differences and effects of iron accumulation on the diffusion signal. While DTI provides excellent spatial resolution in individual subjects, a challenge is visualizing consistent patterns of diffusion orientation across subjects. Here we present a simple method for averaging direction-encoded color anisotropy maps in standard space, explore this technique for visualizing the substantia nigra (SN) in relation to other midbrain structures, and show with signal-to-noise analysis that averaging improves the direction-encoded color signature. SN is distinguished on averaged maps from neighboring structures, including red nucleus (RN) and cerebral crus, and is proximal to SN location from existing brain atlases and volume of interest (VOI) delineation on individual scans using two blinded raters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Ellmore
- Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Program in Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sara M Murphy
- Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katarina Cruz
- Department of Psychology, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard J Castriotta
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mya C Schiess
- Department of Neurology and UT MOVE, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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40
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Cosottini M, Frosini D, Pesaresi I, Costagli M, Biagi L, Ceravolo R, Bonuccelli U, Tosetti M. MR imaging of the substantia nigra at 7 T enables diagnosis of Parkinson disease. Radiology 2014; 271:831-8. [PMID: 24601752 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.14131448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the anatomy of the substantia nigra (SN) in healthy subjects by performing 7-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the SN, and to prospectively define the accuracy of 7-T MR imaging in distinguishing Parkinson disease (PD) patients from healthy subjects on an individual basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 7-T MR imaging protocol was approved by the Italian Ministry of Health and by the local competent ethics committee. SN anatomy was described ex vivo on a gross brain specimen by using highly resolved proton-density (spin-echo proton density) and gradient-recalled-echo (GRE) images, and in vivo in eight healthy subjects (mean age, 40.1 years) by using GRE three-dimensional multiecho susceptibility-weighted images. After training on appearance of SN in eight healthy subjects, the SN anatomy was evaluated twice by two blinded observers in 13 healthy subjects (mean age, 54.7 years) and in 17 PD patients (mean age, 56.9 years). Deviations from normal SN appearance were described and indicated as abnormal, and both diagnostic accuracy and intra- and interobserver agreement for diagnosis of PD with 7-T MR imaging were calculated. RESULTS Three-dimensional multiecho susceptibility-weighted 7-T MR imaging reveals a three-layered organization of the SN allowing readers to distinguish pars compacta ventralis and dorsalis from pars reticulata. The abnormal architecture of the SN allowed a discrimination between PD patients and healthy subjects with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 96.2% (range, 92.3%-100%), respectively. Intraobserver agreement (κ = 1) and interobserver agreement (κ = 0.932) were excellent. CONCLUSION MR imaging at 7-T allows a precise characterization of the SN and visualization of its inner organization. Three-dimensional multiecho susceptibility-weighted images can be used to accurately differentiate healthy subjects from PD patients, which provides a novel diagnostic opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Cosottini
- From the IMAGO7 Foundation, Pisa, Italy (M. Cosottini, M. Costagli); Department of Translational Research and New Surgical and Medical Technologies (M. Cosottini) and Neurology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (D.F., R.C., U.B.), University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), Pisa, Italy (I.P.); and Stella Maris Scientific Institute, Pisa, Italy (L.B., M.T.)
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Paek SH. The role of ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging for track density imaging: application in neuromodulation of the brain. World Neurosurg 2013; 83:4-6. [PMID: 24056219 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2013.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ha Paek
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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42
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Menke RAL, Szewczyk-Krolikowski K, Jbabdi S, Jenkinson M, Talbot K, Mackay CE, Hu M. Comprehensive morphometry of subcortical grey matter structures in early-stage Parkinson's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:1681-90. [PMID: 23861334 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous imaging studies that investigated morphometric group differences of subcortical regions outside the substantia nigra between non-demented Parkinson's patients and controls either did not find any significant differences, or reported contradictory results. Here, we performed a comprehensive morphometric analysis of 20 cognitively normal, early-stage PD patients and 19 matched control subjects. In addition to relatively standard analyses of whole-brain grey matter volume and overall regional volumes, we examined subtle localized surface shape differences in striatal and limbic grey matter structures and tested their utility as a diagnostic marker. Voxel-based morphometry and volumetric comparisons did not reveal significant group differences. Shape analysis, on the other hand, demonstrated significant between-group shape differences for the right pallidum. Careful diffusion tractography analysis showed that the affected parts of the pallidum are connected subcortically with the subthalamic nucleus, the pedunculopontine nucleus, and the thalamus and cortically with the frontal lobe. Additionally, microstructural measurements along these pathways, but not along other pallidal connections, were significantly different between the two groups. Vertex-wise linear discriminant analysis, however, revealed limited accuracy of pallidal shape for the discrimination between patients and controls. We conclude that localized disease-related changes in the right pallidum in early Parkinson's disease, undetectable using standard voxel-based morphometry or volumetry, are evident using sensitive shape analysis. However, the subtle nature of these changes makes it unlikely that shape analysis alone will be useful for early diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda A L Menke
- FMRIB Centre, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre (OPDC), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Blazejewska AI, Schwarz ST, Pitiot A, Stephenson MC, Lowe J, Bajaj N, Bowtell RW, Auer DP, Gowland PA. Visualization of nigrosome 1 and its loss in PD: pathoanatomical correlation and in vivo 7 T MRI. Neurology 2013; 81:534-40. [PMID: 23843466 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e31829e6fd2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study assessed whether high-resolution 7 T MRI allowed direct in vivo visualization of nigrosomes, substructures of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) undergoing the greatest and earliest dopaminergic cell loss in Parkinson disease (PD), and whether any disease-specific changes could be detected in patients with PD. METHODS Postmortem (PM) midbrains, 2 from healthy controls (HCs) and 1 from a patient with PD, were scanned with high-resolution T2*-weighted MRI scans, sectioned, and stained for iron and neuromelanin (Perl), TH, and calbindin. To confirm the identification of nigrosomes in vivo on 7 T T2*-weighted scans, we assessed colocalization with neuromelanin-sensitive T1-weighted scans. We then assessed the ability to depict PD pathology on in vivo T2*-weighted scans by comparing data from 10 patients with PD and 8 age- and sex-matched HCs. RESULTS A hyperintense, ovoid area within the dorsolateral border of the otherwise hypointense SNpc was identified in the HC brains on in vivo and PM T2*-weighted MRI. Location, size, shape, and staining characteristics conform to nigrosome 1. Blinded assessment by 2 neuroradiologists showed consistent bilateral absence of this nigrosome feature in all 10 patients with PD, and bilateral presence in 7/8 HC. CONCLUSIONS In vivo and PM MRI with histologic correlation demonstrates that high-resolution 7 T MRI can directly visualize nigrosome 1. The absence of nigrosome 1 in the SNpc on MRI scans might prove useful in developing a neuroimaging diagnostic test for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna I Blazejewska
- Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Berg D, Lang AE, Postuma RB, Maetzler W, Deuschl G, Gasser T, Siderowf A, Schapira AH, Oertel W, Obeso JA, Olanow CW, Poewe W, Stern M. Changing the research criteria for the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease: obstacles and opportunities. Lancet Neurol 2013; 12:514-24. [DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(13)70047-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
Recent developments in brain imaging methods are on the verge of changing the evaluation of people with Parkinson's disease (PD). This includes an assortment of techniques ranging from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to iron-sensitive methods such as T2*, as well as adiabatic methods R1ρ and R2ρ, resting-state functional MRI, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Using a multi-modality approach that ascertains different aspects of the pathophysiology or pathology of PD, it may be possible to better characterize disease phenotypes as well as provide a surrogate of disease and a potential means to track disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Tuite
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Silvia Mangia
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
| | - Shalom Michaeli
- Department of Radiology, Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455 USA
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) enables a noninvasive in vivo quantification of iron in various organs. Several techniques have been developed that detect signal alterations derived mainly from the magnetic properties of ferritin and hemosiderin, the major iron storage compounds. High magnetic susceptibility of ferritin shortens the transversal relaxation time of nearby water protons and thus induces a focal signal extinction of iron-rich areas in T2-weighted (T2w) MRI. T2w tissue contrast is additionally influenced by other factors such as water content, myelin density, and the presence of other metals. Therefore, more specific methods are needed with higher specificity to iron. These in vivo techniques can be divided into three groups: relaxometry, magnetic field correlation imaging and phase-based contrast covering susceptibility-weighted imaging, and quantitative susceptibility mapping. The differential diagnosis of various neurological disorders is aided by characteristic patterns of iron depositions. Reliable estimates of cerebral tissue iron concentration are equally important in studying physiological age-related as well as pathological conditions in neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory, and vascular diseases. In the future, monitoring changes in iron storage and content may serve as sensitive biomarker for diagnosis as well as treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Dusek
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, Charles University in Prague, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic; Institut für interventionelle und diagnostische Neuroradiologie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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Boelmans K, Sedlacik J, Niehaus L, Jahn H, Münchau A. Recent advances in structural MRI in Parkinson’s disease and atypical parkinsonian syndromes. Neurodegener Dis Manag 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/nmt.12.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY In the past 2 years, technical developments in conventional and advanced MRI, such as ultra-high-field MRI or mapping of brain mineralization, has allowed novel insights into the nature of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian syndromes, which may aid diagnostic accuracy and differential diagnosis. In addition, sophisticated post-processing analyses, such as morphometry- and surface-based classifications and automated whole-brain analyses, have become available; in PD, this has led to direct visualization of structural substantia nigra abnormalities, monitoring disease progression or screening for brain atrophy associated with dementia. Based on conventional MRI, new MRI rating scales have been established for progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy and have been further assessed with a view to their diagnostic accuracy. Clinicopathological series of patients with tauopathies imply that correlations between clinical syndromes, imaging patterns and underlying histopathology are not always strong. Here, some of the issues related to conventional and advanced MRI for the diagnostic accuracy of PD and atypical parkinsonian syndromes are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Boelmans
- Department of Psychiatry, Memory Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Sedlacik
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludwig Niehaus
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Holger Jahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Memory Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Godau J, Hussl A, Lolekha P, Stoessl AJ, Seppi K. Neuroimaging: current role in detecting pre-motor Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2012; 27:634-43. [PMID: 22508281 DOI: 10.1002/mds.24976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Convergent evidence suggests a pre-motor period in Parkinson's disease (PD) during which typical motor symptoms have not yet developed although dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra have started to degenerate. Advances in different neuroimaging techniques have allowed the detection of functional and structural changes in early PD. This review summarizes the state of the art knowledge concerning structural neuroimaging techniques including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transcranial B-mode-Doppler-sonography (TCS) as well as functional neuroimaging techniques using radiotracer imaging (RTI) with different radioligands in detecting pre-motor PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Godau
- Center of Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration and German Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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In-vivo human brain molecular imaging with a brain-dedicated PET/MRI system. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2012; 26:71-9. [PMID: 22864642 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-012-0329-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the new-generation of ultra-high-resolution, brain-dedicated positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) systems have begun to provide many interesting insights into the molecular dynamics of the brain. First, the finely delineated structural information from ultra-high-field MRI can help us to identify accurate landmark structures, thereby making it easier to locate PET activation sites that are anatomically well-correlated with metabolic or ligand-specific organs in the neural structures in the brain. This synergistic potential of PET/MRI imaging is discussed in terms of neuroscience and neurological research from both translational and basic research perspectives. Experimental results from the hippocampus, thalamus, and brainstem obtained with (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose and (11)C-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylsulfanyl)benzonitrile are used to demonstrate the potential of this new brain PET/MRI system.
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