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Bhore N, Bogacki EC, O'Callaghan B, Plun-Favreau H, Lewis PA, Herbst S. Common genetic risk for Parkinson's disease and dysfunction of the endo-lysosomal system. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2024; 379:20220517. [PMID: 38368938 PMCID: PMC10874702 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurological disorder, characterized by prominent movement dysfunction. The past two decades have seen a rapid expansion of our understanding of the genetic basis of Parkinson's, initially through the identification of monogenic forms and, more recently, through genome-wide association studies identifying common risk variants. Intriguingly, a number of cellular pathways have emerged from these analysis as playing central roles in the aetiopathogenesis of Parkinson's. In this review, the impact of data deriving from genome-wide analyses for Parkinson's upon our functional understanding of the disease will be examined, with a particular focus on examples of endo-lysosomal and mitochondrial dysfunction. The challenges of moving from a genetic to a functional understanding of common risk variants for Parkinson's will be discussed, with a final consideration of the current state of the genetic architecture of the disorder. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Understanding the endo-lysosomal network in neurodegeneration'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noopur Bhore
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Erin C. Bogacki
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Benjamin O'Callaghan
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Helene Plun-Favreau
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Patrick A. Lewis
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
| | - Susanne Herbst
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, London NW1 0TU, UK
- Neurodegenerative Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University of London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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Słowikowski B, Owecki W, Jeske J, Jezierski M, Draguła M, Goutor U, Jagodziński PP, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. Epigenetics and the neurodegenerative process. Epigenomics 2024; 16:473-491. [PMID: 38511224 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are multifactorial, genetic and environmental. Environmental factors such as diet, physical activity and emotional state are epigenetic factors. Environmental markers are responsible for epigenetic modifications. The effect of epigenetic changes is increased inflammation of the nervous system and neuronal damage. In recent years, it has been shown that epigenetic changes may cause an increased risk of neurological disorders but, currently, the relationship between epigenetic modifications and neurodegeneration remains unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge about neurological disorders caused by epigenetic changes in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke and epilepsy. Advances in epigenetic techniques may be key to understanding the epigenetics of central changes in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Wojciech Owecki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Jan Jeske
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Michał Jezierski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Michał Draguła
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Ulyana Goutor
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Paweł P Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair & Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
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Huang M, Zhang Y, Liu X. The mechanism of cuproptosis in Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 95:102214. [PMID: 38311254 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease with an increased morbidity. The pathogenesis PD has not been fully elucidated, and whatever mechanism is involved, it ultimately leads to dopamine (DA) neuronal apoptosis. Cuproptosis is a novel form of cell death. Its morphology, biochemical properties, and mechanism of action differ from known forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis and pyroptosis. Copper binds to the lipoylated components of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, causing proteotoxic stress that ultimately leads to cellular cuproptosis. PD has biochemical features such as mitochondrial dysfunction and decreased levels of copper and glutathione in brain regions. This is closely related to the cuproptosis mechanism. However, the specific link between the pathogenesis of PD and cuproptosis is unclear. Herein, we summarizes cuproptosis as the cause of DA neuronal death in PD, and the relationship between cuproptosis and the PD pathogenesis. This article provides a research basis for targeted cuproptosis for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Huang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuehong Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Shaoxing University, Zhejiang, China.
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Marras C, Fereshtehnejad SM, Berg D, Bohnen NI, Dujardin K, Erro R, Espay AJ, Halliday G, Van Hilten JJ, Hu MT, Jeon B, Klein C, Leentjens AFG, Mollenhauer B, Postuma RB, Rodríguez-Violante M, Simuni T, Weintraub D, Lawton M, Mestre TA. Transitioning from Subtyping to Precision Medicine in Parkinson's Disease: A Purpose-Driven Approach. Mov Disord 2024; 39:462-471. [PMID: 38243775 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) created a task force (TF) to provide a critical overview of the Parkinson's disease (PD) subtyping field and develop a guidance on future research in PD subtypes. Based on a literature review, we previously concluded that PD subtyping requires an ultimate alignment with principles of precision medicine, and consequently novel approaches were needed to describe heterogeneity at the individual patient level. In this manuscript, we present a novel purpose-driven framework for subtype research as a guidance to clinicians and researchers when proposing to develop, evaluate, or use PD subtypes. Using a formal consensus methodology, we determined that the key purposes of PD subtyping are: (1) to predict disease progression, for both the development of therapies (use in clinical trials) and prognosis counseling, (2) to predict response to treatments, and (3) to identify therapeutic targets for disease modification. For each purpose, we describe the desired product and the research required for its development. Given the current state of knowledge and data resources, we see purpose-driven subtyping as a pragmatic and necessary step on the way to precision medicine. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Marras
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolaas I Bohnen
- Departments of Radiology & Neurology, University of Michigan, University of Michigan Udall Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kathy Dujardin
- Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, CHU Lille, Univ Lille, Inserm, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Roberto Erro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", Neuroscience Section, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Alberto J Espay
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Glenda Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre and Faculty of Medicine and Health School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jacobus J Van Hilten
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Michele T Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Oxford University and John Radcliffe Hospital, West Wing, Neurology Department, Level 3, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Beomseok Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Albert F G Leentjens
- Department of Psychiatry, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Goettingen, Kassel, Germany
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Department of Neurology, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Tanya Simuni
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel Weintraub
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Parkinson's Disease Research, Education and Clinical Center (PADRECC), Philadelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Lawton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Tiago A Mestre
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease and the Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorders Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The University of Ottawa Brain and Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Rački V, Bergant G, Papić E, Kovanda A, Hero M, Rožmarić G, Starčević Čizmarević N, Ristić S, Ostojić S, Kapović M, Maver A, Peterlin B, Vuletić V. GiOPARK Project: The Genetic Study of Parkinson's Disease in the Croatian Population. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:255. [PMID: 38397244 PMCID: PMC10888376 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder that affects motor function, autonomic functions, and cognitive abilities. It is likely that both genetic and environmental factors, along with age, contribute to the cause. However, there is no comprehensive guideline for genetic testing for Parkinson's disease, and more research is needed to understand genetic variations in different populations. There has been no research on the genetic background of Parkinson's disease in Croatia so far. Therefore, with the GiOPARK project, we aimed to investigate the genetic variants responsible for Parkinson's disease in 153 Croatian patients with early onset, familial onset, and sporadic late-onset using whole-exome sequencing, along with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and Sanger sequencing in select patients. We found causative variants in 7.84% of the patients, with GBA being the most common gene (4.58%), followed by PRKN (1.96%), ITM2B (0.65%), and MAPT (0.65%). Moreover, variants of uncertain significance were identified in 26.14% of the patients. The causative variants were found in all three subgroups, indicating that genetic factors play a role in all the analyzed Parkinson's disease subtypes. This study emphasizes the need for more inclusive research and improved guidelines to better understand the genetic basis of Parkinson's disease and facilitate more effective clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Rački
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.R.); (E.P.); (M.H.); (G.R.)
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gaber Bergant
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (G.B.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Eliša Papić
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.R.); (E.P.); (M.H.); (G.R.)
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Anja Kovanda
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (G.B.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Mario Hero
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.R.); (E.P.); (M.H.); (G.R.)
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gloria Rožmarić
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.R.); (E.P.); (M.H.); (G.R.)
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nada Starčević Čizmarević
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.S.Č.); (S.R.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Smiljana Ristić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.S.Č.); (S.R.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Saša Ostojić
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.S.Č.); (S.R.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Miljenko Kapović
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (N.S.Č.); (S.R.); (S.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Aleš Maver
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (G.B.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Genomic Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (G.B.); (A.K.); (A.M.); (B.P.)
| | - Vladimira Vuletić
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.R.); (E.P.); (M.H.); (G.R.)
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Park M, Lee YG. Association of Family History and Polygenic Risk Score With Longitudinal Prognosis in Parkinson Disease. Neurol Genet 2024; 10:e200115. [PMID: 38169864 PMCID: PMC10759146 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Evidence suggests that either family history or polygenic risk score (PRS) is associated with developing Parkinson disease (PD). However, little is known about the longitudinal prognosis of PD according to family history and higher PRS. Methods From the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative database, 395 patients with PD who followed up for more than 2 years were grouped into those with family history within first-degree, second-degree, and third-degree relatives (N = 127 [32.2%]) vs those without (N = 268 [67.8%]). The PRS of 386 patients was computed using whole-genome sequencing data. Longitudinal assessment of motor, cognition, and imaging based on dopaminergic degeneration was conducted during the regular follow-up period. Effects of family history, PRS, or both on longitudinal changes of cognition, motor severity, and nigrostriatal degeneration were tested using a linear mixed model. The risk of freezing of gait (FOG) according to family history was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. Results During a median follow-up of 9.1 years, PD with positive family history showed a slower decline of caudate dopamine transporter uptake (β estimate of family history × time = 0.02, 95% CI = 0.002-0.036, p = 0.027). Family history of PD and higher PRS were independently associated with a slower decline of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (β estimate of family history × time = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.02-0.22, p = 0.017; β estimate of PRS × time = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.03-0.16, p = 0.006). In those 364 patients without FOG at baseline, PD with positive family history had a lower risk of FOG (hazard ratio of family history = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.38-0.84, p = 0.005). Discussion Having a family history of PD predicts slower progression of cognitive decline and caudate dopaminergic degeneration, and less FOG compared with those without a family history independent of PRS. Taken together, information on family history could be used as a proxy for the clinical heterogeneity of PD. Trial Registration Information The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01141023), and the enrollment began June 1, 2010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mincheol Park
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P.), Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Y.L.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Young-Gun Lee
- From the Department of Neurology (M.P.), Gwangmyeong Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine; and Department of Neurology (Y.L.), Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Tan AH, Cornejo‐Olivas M, Okubadejo N, Pal PK, Saranza G, Saffie‐Awad P, Ahmad‐Annuar A, Schumacher‐Schuh AF, Okeng'o K, Mata IF, Gatto EM, Lim S. Genetic Testing for Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders in Less Privileged Areas: Barriers and Opportunities. Mov Disord Clin Pract 2024; 11:14-20. [PMID: 38291851 PMCID: PMC10828609 DOI: 10.1002/mdc3.13903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ai Huey Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Mario Cornejo‐Olivas
- Neurogenetics Working GroupUniversidad Científica del SurLimaPeru
- Neurogenetics Research Center, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias NeurológicasLimaPeru
| | - Njideka Okubadejo
- Department of Medicine, College of MedicineUniversity of LagosLagosNigeria
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS)BengaluruIndia
| | - Gerard Saranza
- Movement Disorders Service, Section of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chong Hua Hospital and Vicente Sotto Memorial Medical CenterCebuPhilippines
| | - Paula Saffie‐Awad
- CETRAM‐Centro de Estudios de Transtornos del Movimiento, Clínica Santa MaríaSantiagoChile
| | - Azlina Ahmad‐Annuar
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Artur F. Schumacher‐Schuh
- Departamento de FarmacologiaUniversidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto AlegreBrazil
- Serviço de Neurologia, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto AlegreBrazil
| | | | - Ignacio F. Mata
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Genomic Medicine, Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Emilia M. Gatto
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Sanatorio de la Trinidad Mitre, Instituto de Neurociencias Buenos Aires, School of MedicineBuenos Aires UniversityBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Shen‐Yang Lim
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia
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Lim SY, Klein C. Parkinson's Disease is Predominantly a Genetic Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:467-482. [PMID: 38552119 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of a pathogenic variant in the alpha-synuclein (SNCA) gene in the Contursi kindred in 1997 indisputably confirmed a genetic cause in a subset of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Currently, pathogenic variants in one of the seven established PD genes or the strongest known risk factor gene, GBA1, are identified in ∼15% of PD patients unselected for age at onset and family history. In this Debate article, we highlight multiple avenues of research that suggest an important - and in some cases even predominant - role for genetics in PD aetiology, including familial clustering, high rates of monogenic PD in selected populations, and complete penetrance with certain forms. At first sight, the steep increase in PD prevalence exceeding that of other neurodegenerative diseases may argue against a predominant genetic etiology. Notably, the principal genetic contribution in PD is conferred by pathogenic variants in LRRK2 and GBA1 and, in both cases, characterized by an overall late age of onset and age-related penetrance. In addition, polygenic risk plays a considerable role in PD. However, it is likely that, in the majority of PD patients, a complex interplay of aging, genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors leads to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Yang Lim
- The Mah Pooi Soo and Tan Chin Nam Centre for Parkinson's and Related Disorders, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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9
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Miltenberger-Miltenyi G, Ortega RA, Domingo A, Yadav R, Nishiyama A, Raymond D, Katsnelson V, Urval N, Swan M, Shanker V, Miravite J, Walker RH, Bressman SB, Ozelius LJ, Cabassa JC, Saunders-Pullman R. Genetic risk variants in New Yorkers of Puerto Rican and Dominican Republic heritage with Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:160. [PMID: 38062033 PMCID: PMC10703927 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00599-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of genetic characterization in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) of Latino and Afro-Caribbean descent. Screening LRRK2 and GBA variants in 32 New Yorkers of Puerto Rican ethnicity with PD and in 119 non-Hispanic-non-Jewish European PD cases revealed that Puerto Rican participants were more likely to harbor the LRRK2-p.G2019S variant (15.6% vs. 4.2%, respectively). Additionally, whole exome sequencing of twelve Puerto Rican and Dominican PD participants was performed as an exploratory study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Miltenberger-Miltenyi
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Roberto A Ortega
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aloysius Domingo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genomics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachita Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genomics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ayumi Nishiyama
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah Raymond
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Viktoriya Katsnelson
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikita Urval
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Swan
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vicki Shanker
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joan Miravite
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth H Walker
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Susan B Bressman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laurie J Ozelius
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José C Cabassa
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Koros C, Bougea A, Simitsi AM, Papagiannakis N, Angelopoulou E, Pachi I, Antonelou R, Bozi M, Stamelou M, Stefanis L. The Landscape of Monogenic Parkinson's Disease in Populations of Non-European Ancestry: A Narrative Review. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2097. [PMID: 38003040 PMCID: PMC10671808 DOI: 10.3390/genes14112097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There has been a bias in the existing literature on Parkinson's disease (PD) genetics as most studies involved patients of European ancestry, mostly in Europe and North America. Our target was to review published research data on the genetic profile of PD patients of non-European or mixed ancestry. METHODS We reviewed articles published during the 2000-2023 period, focusing on the genetic status of PD patients of non-European origin (Indian, East and Central Asian, Latin American, sub-Saharan African and Pacific islands). RESULTS There were substantial differences regarding monogenic PD forms between patients of European and non-European ancestry. The G2019S Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) mutation was rather scarce in non-European populations. In contrast, East Asian patients carried different mutations like p.I2020T, which is common in Japan. Parkin (PRKN) variants had a global distribution, being common in early-onset PD in Indians, in East Asians, and in early-onset Mexicans. Furthermore, they were occasionally present in Black African PD patients. PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) and PD protein 7 (DJ-1) variants were described in Indian, East Asian and Pacific Islands populations. Glucocerebrosidase gene variants (GBA1), which represent an important predisposing factor for PD, were found in East and Southeast Asian and Indian populations. Different GBA1 variants have been reported in Black African populations and Latin Americans. CONCLUSIONS Existing data reveal a pronounced heterogeneity in the genetic background of PD. A number of common variants in populations of European ancestry appeared to be absent or scarce in patients of diverse ethnic backgrounds. Large-scale studies that include genetic screening in African, Asian or Latin American populations are underway. The outcomes of such efforts will facilitate further clinical studies and will possibly contribute to the identification of either new pathogenic mutations in already described genes or novel PD-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos Koros
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Athina Maria Simitsi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Nikolaos Papagiannakis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Ioanna Pachi
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Roubina Antonelou
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
| | - Maria Bozi
- Dafni Psychiatric Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece;
- 2nd Department of Neurology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Leonidas Stefanis
- 1st Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (C.K.); (A.M.S.); (N.P.); (E.A.); (I.P.); (R.A.); (L.S.)
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11
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Bandres-Ciga S, Faghri F, Majounie E, Koretsky MJ, Kim J, Levine KS, Leonard H, Makarious MB, Iwaki H, Crea PW, Hernandez DG, Arepalli S, Billingsley K, Lohmann K, Klein C, Lubbe SJ, Jabbari E, Saffie-Awad P, Narendra D, Reyes-Palomares A, Quinn JP, Schulte C, Morris HR, Traynor BJ, Scholz SW, Houlden H, Hardy J, Dumanis S, Riley E, Blauwendraat C, Singleton A, Nalls M, Jeff J, Vitale D. NeuroBooster Array: A Genome-Wide Genotyping Platform to Study Neurological Disorders Across Diverse Populations. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.11.06.23298176. [PMID: 37986980 PMCID: PMC10659467 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.06.23298176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide genotyping platforms have the capacity to capture genetic variation across different populations, but there have been disparities in the representation of population-dependent genetic diversity. The motivation for pursuing this endeavor was to create a comprehensive genome-wide array capable of encompassing a wide range of neuro-specific content for the Global Parkinson's Genetics Program (GP2) and the Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (CARD). CARD aims to increase diversity in genetic studies, using this array as a tool to foster inclusivity. GP2 is the first supported resource project of the Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) initiative that aims to support a collaborative global effort aimed at significantly accelerating the discovery of genetic factors contributing to Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonism by generating genome-wide data for over 200,000 individuals in a multi-ancestry context. Here, we present the Illumina NeuroBooster array (NBA), a novel, high-throughput and cost-effective custom-designed content platform to screen for genetic variation in neurological disorders across diverse populations. The NBA contains a backbone of 1,914,934 variants (Infinium Global Diversity Array) complemented with custom content of 95,273 variants implicated in over 70 neurological conditions or traits with potential neurological complications. Furthermore, the platform includes over 10,000 tagging variants to facilitate imputation and analyses of neurodegenerative disease-related GWAS loci across diverse populations. The NBA can identify low frequency variants and accurately impute over 15 million common variants from the latest release of the TOPMed Imputation Server as of August 2023 (reference of over 300 million variants and 90,000 participants). We envisage this valuable tool will standardize genetic studies in neurological disorders across different ancestral groups, allowing researchers to perform genetic research inclusively and at a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bandres-Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Faraz Faghri
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | | | - Mathew J Koretsky
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey Kim
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kristin S Levine
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Hampton Leonard
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Mary B Makarious
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hirotaka Iwaki
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | - Peter Wild Crea
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sampath Arepalli
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kimberley Billingsley
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Steven J Lubbe
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Edwin Jabbari
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paula Saffie-Awad
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Centro de Trastornos del Movimiento (CETRAM), Santiago, Chile
- Clínica Santa María, Santiago, Chile
| | - Derek Narendra
- Inherited Movement Disorders Unit, Neurogenetics Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Armando Reyes-Palomares
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - John P Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Claudia Schulte
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tuebingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
- Aligning Science Against Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Bryan J. Traynor
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonja W. Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Aligning Science Against Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - John Hardy
- Aligning Science Against Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Sonya Dumanis
- Aligning Science Against Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Ekemini Riley
- Aligning Science Against Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mike Nalls
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC 20037, USA
| | | | - Dan Vitale
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias (CARD), National Institute on Aging and National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Data Tecnica International, Washington, DC 20037, USA
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12
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Li T, Le W, Jankovic J. Linking the cerebellum to Parkinson disease: an update. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:645-654. [PMID: 37752351 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00874-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is characterized by heterogeneous motor and non-motor symptoms, resulting from neurodegeneration involving various parts of the central nervous system. Although PD pathology predominantly involves the nigral-striatal system, growing evidence suggests that pathological changes extend beyond the basal ganglia into other parts of the brain, including the cerebellum. In addition to a primary involvement in motor control, the cerebellum is now known to also have an important role in cognitive, sleep and affective processes. Over the past decade, an accumulating body of research has provided clinical, pathological, neurophysiological, structural and functional neuroimaging findings that clearly establish a link between the cerebellum and PD. This Review presents an overview and update on the involvement of the cerebellum in the clinical features and pathogenesis of PD, which could provide a novel framework for a better understanding the heterogeneity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianbai Li
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - Joseph Jankovic
- Parkinson's Disease Center and Movement Disorders Clinic, Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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13
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Outeiro TF, Alcalay RN, Antonini A, Attems J, Bonifati V, Cardoso F, Chesselet MF, Hardy J, Madeo G, McKeith I, Mollenhauer B, Moore DJ, Rascol O, Schlossmacher MG, Soreq H, Stefanis L, Ferreira JJ. Defining the Riddle in Order to Solve It: There Is More Than One "Parkinson's Disease". Mov Disord 2023. [PMID: 37156737 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 200 years after James Parkinsondescribed a clinical syndrome based on his astute observations, Parkinson's disease (PD) has evolved into a complex entity, akin to the heterogeneity of other complex human syndromes of the central nervous system such as dementia, motor neuron disease, multiple sclerosis, and epilepsy. Clinicians, pathologists, and basic science researchers evolved arrange of concepts andcriteria for the clinical, genetic, mechanistic, and neuropathological characterization of what, in their best judgment, constitutes PD. However, these specialists have generated and used criteria that are not necessarily aligned between their different operational definitions, which may hinder progress in solving the riddle of the distinct forms of PD and ultimately how to treat them. OBJECTIVE This task force has identified current in consistencies between the definitions of PD and its diverse variants in different domains: clinical criteria, neuropathological classification, genetic subtyping, biomarker signatures, and mechanisms of disease. This initial effort for "defining the riddle" will lay the foundation for future attempts to better define the range of PD and its variants, as has been done and implemented for other heterogeneous neurological syndromes, such as stroke and peripheral neuropathy. We strongly advocate for a more systematic and evidence-based integration of our diverse disciplines by looking at well-defined variants of the syndrome of PD. CONCLUSION Accuracy in defining endophenotypes of "typical PD" across these different but interrelated disciplines will enable better definition of variants and their stratification in therapeutic trials, a prerequisite for breakthroughs in the era of precision medicine. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Goettingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Neurological Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angelo Antonini
- Department of Neurosciences (DNS), Padova University, Padova, Italy
| | - Johannes Attems
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Bonifati
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Francisco Cardoso
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Internal Medicine Department, The Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - John Hardy
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Reta Lila Weston Institute, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Advanced Study, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Ian McKeith
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, Kassel, Germany
| | - Darren J Moore
- Department of Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Olivier Rascol
- Department of Neurosciences, Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Parkinson Toulouse Expert Centre, NS-Park/FCRIN Network and Neuro Toul COEN Centre, Toulouse University Hospital, INSERM, University of Toulouse 3, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael G Schlossmacher
- Program in Neuroscience and Division of Neurology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hermona Soreq
- The Institute of Life Sciences and The Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- First Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joaquim J Ferreira
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- CNS-Campus Neurológico, Torres Vedras, Portugal
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14
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Recent Advances in the Treatment of Genetic Forms of Parkinson's Disease: Hype or Hope? Cells 2023; 12:cells12050764. [PMID: 36899899 PMCID: PMC10001341 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifarious neurodegenerative disease. Its pathology is characterized by a prominent early death of dopaminergic neurons in the pars compacta of the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies with aggregated α-synuclein. Although the α-synuclein pathological aggregation and propagation, induced by several factors, is considered one of the most relevant hypotheses, PD pathogenesis is still a matter of debate. Indeed, environmental factors and genetic predisposition play an important role in PD. Mutations associated with a high risk for PD, usually called monogenic PD, underlie 5% to 10% of all PD cases. However, this percentage tends to increase over time because of the continuous identification of new genes associated with PD. The identification of genetic variants that can cause or increase the risk of PD has also given researchers the possibility to explore new personalized therapies. In this narrative review, we discuss the recent advances in the treatment of genetic forms of PD, focusing on different pathophysiologic aspects and ongoing clinical trials.
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