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Mu K, Kitts DD. Intestinal polyphenol antioxidant activity involves redox signaling mechanisms facilitated by aquaporin activity. Redox Biol 2023; 68:102948. [PMID: 37922763 PMCID: PMC10643476 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ascertaining whether dietary polyphenols evoke an antioxidant or prooxidant activity, which translates to a functional role required to maintain intestinal cell homeostasis continues to be an active and controversial area of research for food chemists and biochemists alike. We have proposed that the paradoxical function of polyphenols to autoxidize to generate H2O2 is a required first step in the capacity of some plant phenolics to function as intracellular antioxidants. This is based on the fact that cell redox homeostasis is achieved by a balance between H2O2 formation and subsequent outcomes of antioxidant systems function. Maintaining optimal extracellular and intracellular H2O2 concentrations is required for cell survival, since low levels are important to upregulate endogenous antioxidant capacity; whereas, concentrations that go beyond homeostatic control typically result in an inflammatory response, growth arrest, or eventual cell death. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a family of water channel membrane proteins that facilitate cellular transportation of water and other small molecule-derived solutes, such as H2O2, in all organisms. In the intestine, AQPs act as gatekeepers to regulate intracellular uptake of H2O2, generated from extracellular polyphenol autoxidation, thus enabling an intracellular cell signaling responses to mitigate onset of oxidative stress and intestinal inflammation. In this review, we highlight the potential role of AQPs to control important underlying mechanisms that define downstream regulation of intestinal redox homeostasis, specifically. It has been established that polyphenols that undergo oxidation to the quinone form, resulting in subsequent adduction to a thiol group on Keap1-Nrf2 complex, trigger Nrf2 activation and a cascade of indirect intracellular antioxidant effects. Here, we propose a similar mechanism that involves H2O2 generated from specific dietary polyphenols with a predisposition to undergo autoxidation. The ultimate bioactivity is regulated and expressed by AQP membrane function and thus, by extension, represents expression of an intracellular antioxidant chemoprotection mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Mu
- Food Science, Food Nutrition and Health Program. Faculty of Land and Food System, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - David D Kitts
- Food Science, Food Nutrition and Health Program. Faculty of Land and Food System, The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver, B.C, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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2
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Mu K, Kitts DD. Hydrogen Peroxide Produced from Selective Phenolic Acids in Cell Culture Underlies Caco-2 Changes in Cell Proliferation Parameters. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3022-3032. [PMID: 36748840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The physicochemical property of phenolic acids to generate hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cell culture media has been underreported when describing multiple biological effects in vitro. Our aim was to focus on examining the relative capacity of four common phenolic acids widely consumed in the Western diet for autoxidation potential to generate H2O2 during in vitro culture. Furthermore, quantifying H2O2 derived from different phenolic acids cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was associated with changes in cell proliferation in non-differentiated human intestinal carcinoma cells. Results showed that the different percentage losses of phenolic acids, namely, caffeic (84.78 ± 1.51), chlorogenic (37.3 ± 0.38), ferulic (1.26 ± 0.78), and gallic (100%), paralleled a relative capacity to generate H2O2 when present in DMEM media for 24 h. The rate and total H2O2 generated was dependent on both phenolic acid type and concentration (p < 0.05). Gallic acid had the greatest capacity to generate H2O2 in culture without the presence of cells (p < 0.05). When cultured with non-differentiated Caco-2 cells, gallic acid evoked the greatest bioactivity that included cytotoxicity, anti-proliferation, apoptosis, and nuclear condensation, respectively (p < 0.05). Corresponding treatments with cells with phenolic acids in the presence of catalase confirmed that H2O2 generated from phenolic acid autoxidation was involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Mu
- Food Science, Food Nutrition and Health Program. Faculty of Land and Food Systems; The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
| | - David D Kitts
- Food Science, Food Nutrition and Health Program. Faculty of Land and Food Systems; The University of British Columbia, 2205 East Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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Wang D, Nie T, Huang C, Chen Z, Ma X, Fang W, Huang Y, Luo L, Xiao Z. Metal-Cyclic Dinucleotide Nanomodulator-Stimulated STING Signaling for Strengthened Radioimmunotherapy of Large Tumor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203227. [PMID: 36026551 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Combined treatment of immunotherapy and radiotherapy shows promising therapeutic effects for the regression of a variety of cancers. However, even multi-modality therapies often fail to antagonize the regression of large tumors due to the extremely immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, a radioimmunotherapeutic paradigm based on stimulator of interferon genes (STING)-dependent signaling is applied to preclude large tumor progression by utilizing the metal-cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) nanoplatform, which integrates STING agonist c-di-AMP and immunomodulating microelement manganese (II) within the tannic acid nanostructure (TMA-NPs). As observed by magnetic resonance imaging, the localized administration of TMA-NPs effectively relieves hypoxia within TME and causes radical oxygen species overproduction and apoptosis in cancer cells after exposure to X-ray irradiation. The DNA fragments released from the apoptotic cells after the combined treatment augment the production of endogenous CDNs in cancer cells, hence significantly activating the STING-mediated pathway for stronger anti-tumor immunity. The localized therapy of TMA-NPs + X-ray not only inhibits the primary large tumor progression but also retards distant tumor growth by promoting dendritic cell maturation and activating cytotoxic immune cells whil suppressing immunosuppressive cells. Therefore, this work represents the combinatorial potency of TMA-NPs and X-rays on large tumor regression through strengthened STING-mediated radioimmunotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duo Wang
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Tianqi Nie
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Cuiqing Huang
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zerong Chen
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xiaocong Ma
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Weiming Fang
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yanyu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817, USA
| | - Liangping Luo
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Li C, Fang Z, Czech H, Schneider E, Rüger CP, Pardo M, Zimmermann R, Chen J, Laskin A, Rudich Y. pH modifies the oxidative potential and peroxide content of biomass burning HULIS under dark aging. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155365. [PMID: 35460777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Humic-like substances (HULIS) account for a major redox-active fraction of biomass burning organic aerosols (BBOA). During atmospheric transport, fresh acidic BB-HULIS in droplets and humid aerosols are subject to neutralization and pH-modified aging process. In this study, solutions containing HULIS isolated from wood smoldering emissions were first adjusted with NaOH and NH3 to pH values in the range of 3.6-9.0 and then aged under oxic dark conditions. Evolution of HULIS oxidative potential (OP) and total peroxide content (equivalent H2O2 concentration, H2O2eq) were measured together with the changes in solution absorbance and chemical composition. Notable immediate responses such as peroxide generation, HULIS autoxidation, and an increase in OP and light absorption were observed under alkaline conditions. Initial H2O2eq, OP, and absorption increased exponentially with pH, regardless of the alkaline species added. Dark aging further oxidized the HULIS and led to pH-dependent toxic and chemical changes, exhibiting an alkaline-facilitated initial increase followed by a decrease of OP and H2O2eq. Although highly correlated with HULIS OP, the contributions of H2O2eq to OP are minor but increased both with solution pH and dark aging time. Alkalinity-assisted autoxidation of phenolic compounds and quinoids with concomitant formation of H2O2 and other alkalinity-favored peroxide oxidation reactions are proposed here for explaining the observed HULIS OP and chemical changes in the dark. Our findings suggest that alkaline neutralization of fresh BB-HULIS represents a previously overlooked peroxide source and pathway for modifying aerosol redox-activity and composition. Additionally, these findings imply that the lung fluid neutral environment can modify the OP and peroxide content of inhaled BB-HULIS. The results also suggest that common separation protocols of HULIS using base extraction methods should be treated with caution when evaluating and comparing their composition, absorption, and relative toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Li
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
| | - Zheng Fang
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Hendryk Czech
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81379 München, Germany
| | - Eric Schneider
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81379 München, Germany
| | - Christopher P Rüger
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Michal Pardo
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Ralf Zimmermann
- Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Rostock, 18059 Rostock, Germany; Joint Mass Spectrometry Centre, Comprehensive Molecular Analytics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 81379 München, Germany
| | - Jianmin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Alexandre Laskin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Yinon Rudich
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
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Kawana H, Miwa T, Honda Y, Furuya T. Sustainable Approach for Peroxygenase-Catalyzed Oxidation Reactions Using Hydrogen Peroxide Generated from Spent Coffee Grounds and Tea Leaf Residues. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:20259-20266. [PMID: 35721909 PMCID: PMC9201881 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Peroxygenases are promising catalysts for use in the oxidation of chemicals as they catalyze the direct oxidation of a variety of compounds under ambient conditions using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant. Although the use of peroxygenases provides a simple method for oxidation of chemicals, the anthraquinone process currently used to produce H2O2 requires significant energy input and generates considerable waste, which negatively affects process sustainability and production costs. Thus, generating H2O2 for peroxygenases on site using an environmentally benign method would be advantageous. Here, we utilized spent coffee grounds (SCGs) and tea leaf residues (TLRs) for the production of H2O2. These waste biomass products reacted with molecular oxygen and effectively generated H2O2 in sodium phosphate buffer. The resulting H2O2 was utilized by the bacterial P450 peroxygenase, CYP152A1. Both SCG-derived and TLR-derived H2O2 promoted the CYP152A1-catalyzed oxidation of 4-methoxy-1-naphthol to Russig's blue as a model reaction. In addition, when CYP152A1 was incubated with styrene, the SCG and TLR solutions enabled the synthesis of styrene oxide and phenylacetaldehyde. This new approach using waste biomass provides a simple, cost-effective, and sustainable oxidation method that should be readily applicable to other peroxygenases for the synthesis of a variety of valuable chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Kawana
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toru Miwa
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Honda
- Department
of Chemistry, Biology, and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women’s University, Kitauoyanishi-machi, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Toshiki Furuya
- Faculty
of Science and Technology, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Chiba, Japan
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Marzo F, Milagro FI, Barrenetxe J, Díaz MT, Martínez JA. Azoxymethane-Induced Colorectal Cancer Mice Treated with a Polyphenol-Rich Apple Extract Show Less Neoplastic Lesions and Signs of Cachexia. Foods 2021; 10:863. [PMID: 33921048 PMCID: PMC8071383 DOI: 10.3390/foods10040863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered a risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. In rodents, high-fat (HF) diets are able to increase the formation of azoxymethane (AOM)-induced polyps. Polyphenol-rich apple extracts have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and may induce an amelioration of the manifestations of colorectal cancer. Twenty-seven male Crl:CD-1 mice received AOM during four weeks and were subsequently divided into three groups fed a HF diet (n = 9 each group): a non-supplemented group, a second group supplemented with apple extract at 1%, and a third group supplemented with the same apple extract at 1.5%. Energy metabolism and the respiratory quotient were not affected by the supplementation with the apple extract. Although body weight was not affected by the treatment, the mice supplemented with the apple extract showed less signs of cachexia than the non-treated mice. In the intestine, the mice supplemented with the apple extract showed lower sucrase, dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, and aminopeptidase N activities, and less intestinal lesions (aberrant crypt foci and polyps). Administration of a polyphenol-rich apple extract reduces the number of neoplastic lesions in mice with AOM-induced colorectal cancer and contributes to preserve adipose tissue mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencio Marzo
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, School of Agronomy, Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain;
- ISFOOD (Research Institute for Innovation & Sustainable Development in Food Chain), Universidad Pública de Navarra, 31006 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Fermin I. Milagro
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.B.); (J.A.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaione Barrenetxe
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.B.); (J.A.M.)
| | - María Teresa Díaz
- Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos, Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agraria (INIA), Carretera de la Coruña, km7, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - J. Alfredo Martínez
- Center for Nutrition Research, Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain; (J.B.); (J.A.M.)
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdISNA), 31006 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Kirsch V, Bakuradze T, Richling E. Toxicological testing of syringaresinol and enterolignans. Curr Res Toxicol 2020; 1:104-110. [PMID: 34345839 PMCID: PMC8320611 DOI: 10.1016/j.crtox.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Lignans are secondary plant constituents with dibenzylbutane skeletons found in cereals, oilseeds, and nuts. Two members of this class, syringaresinol (Syr) and secoisolariciresinol (Seco), occur at relatively high levels in cereals and processed food products as well as in coniferous trees. In vitro studies have shown that Seco and its metabolites enterodiol (END) and enterolactone (ENL), which are formed by intestinal microbes, exhibit strong antioxidant activity because of their phenolic character. The biological activity and discussion of dietary supplementation with these substances led to questions about the potential adverse health effects of these compounds, which are explored here. Syr and the metabolites END and ENL were investigated by combining structural information generated in silico with practical testing in vitro. An in silico structure-activity analysis was performed using ToxTree and NexusPrediction to suggest plausible mechanisms of toxicity and estimate toxicological endpoints of these compounds. Structural alerts were generated based on the presence of phenolic units with coordinating substituents that could potentially form quinoid structures, promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, bind to cellular structures, or damage chromosomes. To assess the in silico results, the cytotoxicity and genotoxic potential of the studied compounds were tested in vitro using the resazurin reduction and comet assays, respectively. Incubating HepG2 and HT29 cells for 1 h or 24 h with 0–100 μM Syr, END, or ENL induced no cytotoxic effects. Additionally, even the highest tested concentrations of END and ENL showed no modulation of background and total DNA damage. The initial in silico screen thus generated structural alerts linked to toxicological endpoints, but experimental assessments of the studied compounds revealed no detectable toxicity, demonstrating the need for individual mechanistic experimental verification of in silico predictions. This approach makes it possible to connect known biological activity, such as reported antioxidative effects, to underlying mechanisms such as proton abstraction or donation. This in turn can yield insights – for example, that a compound's tendency to act as a pro- or anti-oxidant (and hence to exert adverse or beneficial health effects) may depend on its concentration and the cellular state. Potential of toxicologic mechanisms: cellular stress and chromosomal damage were identified in silico for syringaresinol, enterdiol and enterlactone. However, in confirmatory in vitro assays (cytotoxicity, DNA damage and DNA strand breaks) in HepG2 and HT29 cells no such toxicities were induced by physiological and higher concentrations of syringaresinol and enterolignans. This study serves as a cautionary tale of using in silico prediction of toxicity mechanisms. Experimental verification of in silico predictions is needed as these methodologies are still under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Kirsch
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Str. 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure Extraction on Biological Activities and Phenolics Composition of Winter Savory Leaf Extracts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090841. [PMID: 32911721 PMCID: PMC7554779 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Satureja montana L. has several biological properties related to its diverse composition of secondary metabolites. Nevertheless, it has been mainly studied for its essential oil, with only a few studies on the profile and bioactivities of the bioactive compounds from its leaf extracts being reported. This work aimed to study the antioxidant activity (by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay), antimicrobial minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) determination, antibiofilm (by colorimetry), impact upon DNA (anti- and pro-oxidant assay), and cytotoxicity (by cell metabolism viability assays) of S. montana extracts obtained by high-pressure-assisted extraction (HPE). The extract obtained at 348 MPa, 35% (v/v) ethanol presented the highest concentration of individual phenolic compounds, and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 20 mg/mL against Listeria monocytogenes. HPE extracts showed antioxidant activity not only in ORAC but they were also able to prevent/attenuate peroxide-induced damage upon DNA. Moreover, on its own, HPE extract induced less oxidative damage than the control extract. Concerning the cytotoxicity, HPE extracts (at 0.5 and 1.0 mg/mL) were not harmful to HT29 cell lines, while control extracts (obtained at atmospheric pressure) at higher concentrations (>1.0 mg/mL) slightly reduced the metabolism of the cells. Finally, all extracts showed inhibition of the viability of 3 cancerous cell lines (>2.0 mg/mL for Caco-2, HeLa, and TR146) to below 15%.
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9
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A current perspective on hydrogen peroxide production in honey. A review. Food Chem 2020; 332:127229. [PMID: 32688187 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide plays a key role in honey antibacterial activity. The production of H2O2 in honey requires glucose oxidase (GOx) that oxidizes glucose to gluconolactone and reduces molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide. The content of GOx of honeybee origin was believed to be the main predictor of H2O2 concentration in honey. The observed variations in H2O2 levels among honeys questioned however the direct GOx-H2O2 relationship and left its absence opened for exploration. Here, we evaluated principal causes underlying the imbalance in the quantitative enzyme-product relationship with respect to: (a) enzyme and the product inactivation or destruction by honey compounds; (b) non-enzymatic pathway of H2O2 formation, and (c) a potential contribution of enzymes with GOx activity originating from nectars and microorganisms inhabiting honey. We also bring new facts on the relationship between honey colloidal structure and H2O2 production that change our traditional understanding of honey function as antimicrobial agent.
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Truzzi F, Valerii MC, Tibaldi C, Zhang Y, Abduazizova V, Spisni E, Dinelli G. Are Supplements Safe? Effects of Gallic and Ferulic Acids on In Vitro Cell Models. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061591. [PMID: 32485864 PMCID: PMC7352663 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols display health-promoting properties linked to their biological activities. They are initially absorbed in the small intestine, then they are largely metabolized in the colon, whereupon they are able to exert systemic effects. The health-promoting properties of polyphenols have led to the development of food supplements, which are also largely consumed by healthy people, even if data on their safety are still yet lacking. In the present paper, the content of gallic acid and ferulic acid was analyzed in two supplements, and shown to be higher than the relative contents found in fruit and flour. To evaluate the effects of these phenolic compounds on epithelial intestinal tissue, gallic and ferulic acids were added to a new in vitro model of the intestinal wall at different concentrations. The effects on viability, proliferation and migration of these compounds were respectively tested on three different cell lines (Caco2, L929 and U937), as well as on a tridimensional intestinal model, composed of a mucosal layer and a submucosa with fibroblasts and monocytes. Results indicated that gallic and ferulic acids can exert toxic effects on in vitro cell models at high concentrations, suggesting that an excessive and uncontrolled consumption of polyphenols may induce negative effects on the intestinal wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Truzzi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.T.); (C.T.); (Y.Z.); (V.A.)
| | - Maria Chiara Valerii
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Camilla Tibaldi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.T.); (C.T.); (Y.Z.); (V.A.)
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.T.); (C.T.); (Y.Z.); (V.A.)
| | - Veronika Abduazizova
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.T.); (C.T.); (Y.Z.); (V.A.)
| | - Enzo Spisni
- Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (M.C.V.); (E.S.)
| | - Giovanni Dinelli
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum–University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (F.T.); (C.T.); (Y.Z.); (V.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-051-2096674
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11
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Balbaied T, Moore E. Overview of Optical and Electrochemical Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Biosensors: Recent Approaches in Cells Culture Techniques. BIOSENSORS 2019; 9:E102. [PMID: 31450819 PMCID: PMC6784369 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which catalyzes the dephosphorylation process of proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules, can be found in a variety of tissues (intestine, liver, bone, kidney, and placenta) of almost all living organisms. This enzyme has been extensively used as a biomarker in enzyme immunoassays and molecular biology. ALP is also one of the most commonly assayed enzymes in routine clinical practice. Due to its close relation to a variety of pathological processes, ALP's abnormal level is an important diagnostic biomarker of many human diseases, such as liver dysfunction, bone diseases, kidney acute injury, and cancer. Therefore, the development of convenient and reliable assay methods for monitoring ALP activity/level is extremely important and valuable, not only for clinical diagnoses but also in the area of biomedical research. This paper comprehensively reviews the strategies of optical and electrochemical detection of ALP and discusses the electrochemical techniques that have been addressed to make them suitable for ALP analysis in cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanih Balbaied
- University College Cork, Sensing & Separation Group, School of Chemistry and life Science Interface, Tyndall National Institute, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric Moore
- University College Cork, Sensing & Separation Group, School of Chemistry and life Science Interface, Tyndall National Institute, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland.
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12
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Uebel T, Wilken M, Vu Chi H, Esselen M. In vitro combinatory cytotoxicity of hepatocarcinogenic asarone isomers and flavonoids. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:19-26. [PMID: 31047974 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Acorus calamus is a swamp herb, which is widely spread in northern hemisphere. It is used in infusions and in bitters but also in food supplements and in traditional herbal medicine. However, the main A. calamus ingredients, propenylic 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenylpropene isomers, termed alpha- (trans) and beta- (cis) asarone, are known carcinogens in rodents. Genotoxic and mutagenic properties are proposed. The presented in vitro cytotoxicity study focused on time-dependent and combinatory exposure scenarios. All experiments performed in HepG2 cells show moderate (in middle micromolar range) cytotoxicity with a time-dependent increase in effectiveness. The combination of the two asarone isomers in short time experiments (1 h) did not show any effect, whereas asarone isomer interaction changes from synergistic to antagonistic with an extended duration of exposure up to 72 h. The antagonism occurred predominantly in the naturally occurring trans/cis-asarone ratio of approximately 1:10. Combinatory cytotoxicity of asarones and selected, dietary relevant flavonoids in constant ratios was mainly attributed to flavonoid toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Uebel
- University of Muenster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Markus Wilken
- University of Muenster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Hung Vu Chi
- University of Muenster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Melanie Esselen
- University of Muenster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstraße 45, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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13
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Ma Y, Feng Y, Zeng W, Luo H. Anthocyanin Encapsulated by Ferulic Acid-Grafted-Maltodextrin (FA-g-MD) Microcapsules Potentially Improved its Free Radical Scavenging Capabilities Against H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081596. [PMID: 31018491 PMCID: PMC6515387 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity and release behavior of anthocyanin (ANC) loaded within FA-g-MD wall (ANC-FA-g-MD microcapsule) in vitro. The microencapsulation of ANC was prepared by spray drying and displayed a biphasic release profile. The combination of ANC and FA-g-MD (0.0625–1 mg/mL) showed a higher antioxidant activity than that of both individuals. A possible intermolecular interaction between ANC and FA-g-MD was studied by UV-vis spectra. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test, and protein expression of quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1), glutathione reductase (GSR) and γ-glutamate cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (γ-GCLC) were measured through human colon cancer cells (HT-29). After a 24-hour incubation of the HT-29, the combinations (0–60 μg/mL) exhibited a high potential to diminish the ROS level. And the distinct upregulated expressions of GCLC and NQO1 of HT-29 were detected after treatment with combinations compared to those of single ones. These results suggested that the ANC-FA-g-MD microcapsules exerts enhanced antioxidant effect with capability of the modulation of GCLC and NQO1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ma
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Yunhui Feng
- Department of Physical Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Wanling Zeng
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
| | - Huibo Luo
- College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science and Engineering, Zigong 643000, China.
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14
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Knickle A, Fernando W, Greenshields AL, Rupasinghe HPV, Hoskin DW. Myricetin-induced apoptosis of triple-negative breast cancer cells is mediated by the iron-dependent generation of reactive oxygen species from hydrogen peroxide. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 118:154-167. [PMID: 29742465 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Myricetin is a dietary phytochemical with anticancer activity; however, the effect of myricetin on breast cancer cells remains unclear. Here, we show that myricetin inhibited the growth of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells but was less inhibitory for normal cells. The effect of myricetin was comparable to epigallocatechin gallate and doxorubicin, and greater than resveratrol and cisplatin. Myricetin-treated TNBC cells showed evidence of early and late apoptosis/necrosis, which was associated with intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, extracellular regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, mitochondrial membrane destabilization and cytochrome c release, and double-strand DNA breaks. The antioxidant N-acetyl-cysteine protected myricetin-treated TNBC cells from cytotoxicity due to DNA damage. Myricetin also induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production in cell-free culture medium, as well as in the presence of TNBC cells and normal cells. In addition, deferiprone-mediated inhibition of intracellular ROS generation via the iron-dependent Fenton reaction and inhibition of extracellular ROS accumulation with superoxide dismutase plus catalase prevented myricetin-induced cytotoxicity in TNBC cell cultures. We conclude that the cytotoxic effect of myricetin on TNBC cells was due to oxidative stress initiated by extracellular H2O2 formed by autoxidation of myricetin, leading to intracellular ROS production via the Fenton reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Knickle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Wasundara Fernando
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Anna L Greenshields
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - H P Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - David W Hoskin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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15
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Garbetta A, Nicassio L, D'Antuono I, Cardinali A, Linsalata V, Attolico G, Minervini F. Influence of in vitro digestion process on polyphenolic profile of skin grape (cv. Italia) and on antioxidant activity in basal or stressed conditions of human intestinal cell line (HT-29). Food Res Int 2018; 106:878-884. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Goszcz K, Duthie GG, Stewart D, Leslie SJ, Megson IL. Bioactive polyphenols and cardiovascular disease: chemical antagonists, pharmacological agents or xenobiotics that drive an adaptive response? Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1209-1225. [PMID: 28071785 PMCID: PMC5429332 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are widely regarded to have a wide range of health-promoting qualities, including beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease. Historically, the benefits have been linked to their well-recognized powerful antioxidant activity. However, the concept that the beneficial effects are attributable to direct antioxidant activity in vivo does not pay sufficient heed to the fact that polyphenols degrade rapidly, are poorly absorbed and rapidly metabolized, resulting in very low bioavailability. This review explores alternative mechanisms by which polyphenols, or their metabolites, exert biological activity via mechanisms that can be activated by physiologically relevant concentrations. Evidence is presented to support the action of phenolic derivatives on receptors and signalling pathways to induce adaptive responses that drive changes in endogenous antioxidant, antiplatelet, vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The implications are that in vitro antioxidant measures as predictors of polyphenol protective activity in vivo hold little relevance and that closer attention needs to be paid to bioavailable metabolites to understand the mode of action of these diet-derived components. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Principles of Pharmacological Research of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.11/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Goszcz
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health ScienceInvernessUK
| | - Garry G Duthie
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Derek Stewart
- The James Hutton InstituteDundeeUK
- School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityEdinburghUK
| | - Stephen J Leslie
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health ScienceInvernessUK
- Cardiology UnitRaigmore HospitalInvernessUK
| | - Ian L Megson
- Department of Diabetes and Cardiovascular ScienceUniversity of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health ScienceInvernessUK
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17
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Xue Y, Zhang S, Du M, Zhu MJ. Dandelion extract suppresses reactive oxidative species and inflammasome in intestinal epithelial cells. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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18
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Kaufmann CM, Letzel T, Grassmann J, Pfaffl MW. Effect of Perilla frutescens Extracts on Porcine Jejunal Epithelial Cells. Phytother Res 2016; 31:303-311. [PMID: 27958644 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Green-leaved Perilla frutescens extracts were investigated on their effect on cell proliferation of the porcine jejunal epithelial cell line, IPEC-J2, as well as on the gene expression of cell cycle or cancer-related genes. Some extracted compounds were, however, susceptible to degradation in cell culture medium, whereas others were found to be stable during the entire experimental time. Control experiments also included the assessment of H2 O2 generation in cell culture medium caused by oxidation of natural extract compounds, which was proved to be absent at low extract concentrations. A fast and significant inhibition of cell growth at low physiological extract concentrations could be observed. This finding, along with an immediate downregulation of 67 kDa laminin receptor and cyclin D1 expression, can be accounted to the presence of Perilla frutescens extract. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Kaufmann
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany.,Institute of Animal Physiology and Immunology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Letzel
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Johanna Grassmann
- Chair of Urban Water Systems Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Am Coulombwall 3, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Immunology Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
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19
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The Natural Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate Protects Intervertebral Disc Cells from Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:7031397. [PMID: 27119009 PMCID: PMC4826942 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7031397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress-related phenotypic changes and a decline in the number of viable cells are crucial contributors to intervertebral disc degeneration. The polyphenol epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG) can interfere with painful disc degeneration by reducing inflammation, catabolism, and pain. In this study, we hypothesized that EGCG furthermore protects against senescence and/or cell death, induced by oxidative stress. Sublethal and lethal oxidative stress were induced in primary human intervertebral disc cells with H2O2 (total n = 36). Under sublethal conditions, the effects of EGCG on p53-p21 activation, proliferative capacity, and accumulation of senescence-associated β-galactosidase were tested. Further, the effects of EGCG on mitochondria depolarization and cell viability were analyzed in lethal oxidative stress. The inhibitor LY249002 was applied to investigate the PI3K/Akt pathway. EGCG inhibited accumulation of senescence-associated β-galactosidase but did not affect the loss of proliferative capacity, suggesting that EGCG did not fully neutralize exogenous radicals. Furthermore, EGCG increased the survival of IVD cells in lethal oxidative stress via activation of prosurvival PI3K/Akt and protection of mitochondria. We demonstrated that EGCG not only inhibits inflammation but also can enhance the survival of disc cells in oxidative stress, which makes it a suitable candidate for the development of novel therapies targeting disc degeneration.
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20
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Zhao D, Shah NP. Synergistic Application of Black Tea Extracts and Lactic Acid Bacteria in Protecting Human Colonocytes against Oxidative Damage. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:2238-2246. [PMID: 26790920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In view of the potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) to enhance the antioxidant activity of food products, this work explored the effectiveness of LAB fermented black tea samples in alleviating H2O2-induced oxidative stress in human colonocytes. The antioxidant capacity of tea samples was evaluated in terms of cyto-protectiveness, mitochondria membrane potential (Δψm)-stabilizing activity, ROS-inhibitory effect, and antioxidant enzyme-modulating activity. The effect on oxidative DNA damage and repair was studied in CCD 841 by comet assay. Results showed that the protective effect of tea pretreatment was more pronounced in normal cells (CCD 841) than in carcinomas (Caco-2), and fermented samples were invariably more effective. Higher cell viability and Δψm were maintained and ROS production was markedly inhibited with tea pretreatment. The fermented tea samples also remarkably stimulated DNA repair, resulting in fewer strand breaks and oxidative lesions. Our study implied that LAB fermentation may be an efficient way to enhance the antioxidative effectiveness of black tea flavonoid-enriched foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyue Zhao
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nagendra P Shah
- Food and Nutritional Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Rodd AL, Ververis K, Sayakkarage D, Khan AW, Rafehi H, Ziemann M, Loveridge SJ, Lazarus R, Kerr C, Lockett T, El-Osta A, Karagiannis TC, Bennett LE. RNA sequencing supports distinct reactive oxygen species-mediated pathways of apoptosis by high and low size mass fractions of Bay leaf (Lauris nobilis) in HT-29 cells. Food Funct 2015; 6:2507-24. [PMID: 26114728 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00467e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of Bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) in mammalian cancer and HT-29 adenocarcinoma cells have been previously attributed to effects of polyphenolic and essential oil chemical species. Recently, we demonstrated differentiated growth-regulating effects of high (HFBL) versus low molecular mass (LFBL) aqueous fractions of bay leaf and now confirm by comparative effects on gene expression, that HFBL and LFBL suppress HT-29 growth by distinct mechanisms. Induction of intra-cellular lesions including DNA strand breakage by extra-cellular HFBL, invoked the hypothesis that iron-mediated reactive oxygen species with capacity to penetrate cell membrane, were responsible for HFBL-mediated effects, supported by equivalent effects of HFBL in combination with γ radiation. Activities of HFBL and LFBL were interpreted to reflect differentiated responses to iron-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS), occurring either outside or inside cells. In the presence of LFBL, apoptotic death was relatively delayed compared with HFBL. ROS production by LFBL mediated p53-dependent apoptosis and recovery was suppressed by promoting G1/S phase arrest and failure of cellular tight junctions. In comparison, intra-cellular anti-oxidant protection exerted by LFBL was absent for extra-cellular HFBL (likely polysaccharide-rich), which potentiated more rapid apoptosis by producing DNA double strand breaks. Differentiated effects on expression of genes regulating ROS defense and chromatic condensation by LFBL versus HFBL, were observed. The results support ferrous iron in cell culture systems and potentially in vivo, can invoke different extra-cellular versus intra-cellular ROS-mediated chemistries, that may be regulated by exogenous, including dietary species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle L Rodd
- Epigenomic Medicine, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, The Alfred Medical Research and Education Precinct, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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22
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Hossler P, Wang M, McDermott S, Racicot C, Chemfe K, Zhang Y, Chumsae C, Manuilov A. Cell culture media supplementation of bioflavonoids for the targeted reduction of acidic species charge variants on recombinant therapeutic proteins. Biotechnol Prog 2015; 31:1039-52. [PMID: 25920009 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Charge variants in recombinant proteins are an important series of protein modifications, whose potential role on protein stability, activity, immunogenicity, and pharmacokinetics continues to be studied. Monoclonal antibodies in particular have been shown to have a wide range of acidic species variants, including those associated with the addition of covalent modifications as well as the chemical degradation at specific peptide regions on the antibody. These variants play a significant role toward the overall heterogeneity of recombinant therapeutic proteins and are typically monitored during manufacturing to ensure they lie within proven acceptable ranges. In this work, it has been found that the supplementation of members of the bioflavonoid chemical family into mammalian cell culture media was effective toward the reduction of acidic species charge variants on recombinant monoclonal antibodies and dual variable domain immunoglobulins. The demonstrated reduction in acidic species through the use of bioflavonoids facilitates the manufacturing of a less heterogeneous product with potential improvements in antibody structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Hossler
- Process Sciences, Global Pharmaceutical Operations, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Min Wang
- Process Sciences, Global Pharmaceutical Operations, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Sean McDermott
- Process Sciences, Global Pharmaceutical Operations, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Christopher Racicot
- Process Sciences, Global Pharmaceutical Operations, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Kofi Chemfe
- Process Sciences, Global Pharmaceutical Operations, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Yun Zhang
- Process Sciences, Global Pharmaceutical Operations, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Christopher Chumsae
- Process Sciences, Global Pharmaceutical Operations, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, 01605
| | - Anton Manuilov
- Process Sciences, Global Pharmaceutical Operations, AbbVie Bioresearch Center, Worcester, MA, 01605
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23
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Mendes V, Costa V, Mateus N. Involvement of the modulation of cancer cell redox status in the anti-tumoral effect of phenolic compounds. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra10590g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between the anti-tumoral properties of phenolics, the generation of ROS in culture medium and modulation of redox homeostasis was analyzed. In AGS cells, the anti-proliferative effect of quercetin was not reverted by catalase or SOD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanda Mendes
- Centro de Investigação em Química
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
- IBMC
| | - Vítor Costa
- IBMC
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular
- Universidade do Porto
- 4150-180 Porto
- Portugal
| | - Nuno Mateus
- Centro de Investigação em Química
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- 4169-007 Porto
- Portugal
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24
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Lin S, Lai TC, Chen L, Kwok HF, Lau CBS, Cheung PCK. Antioxidant and antiangiogenic properties of phenolic extract from Pleurotus tuber-regium. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:9488-9498. [PMID: 25185869 DOI: 10.1021/jf5031604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fries) Singer (PTR), both an edible and a medicinal mushroom also known as tiger milk mushroom, has experienced growing popularity and economic importance due to its flavor, nutritive value, and medicinal effects. In this study, the antioxidant and antiangiogenic activities of a 60% ethanol extract (EE) obtained from the sclerotium of PTR were investigated. Typical phenolic compounds including protocatechuic, chlorogenic, syringic, ferulic, and folic acid were identified and quantified in EE by the HPLC-UV-ESI/MS analyses. EE possessed strong antioxidant activity and could dose-dependently inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) migration and tube formation. qPCR results showed that VEGF-induced FGF, ANG-Tie, and MMP gene expression as well as VEGFR were down-regulated at the mRNA level after treated with EE, suggesting that multiple molecular targets related to angiogenesis was involved. Furthermore, EE also inhibited the formation of subintestinal vessel plexus (SIVs) in zebrafish embryos in vivo. All of these suggested that EE of PTR could be the source of potential inhibitors to target angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoling Lin
- School of Life Sciences and ‡Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Jing P, Qian B, Zhao S, Qi X, Ye L, Mónica Giusti M, Wang X. Effect of glycosylation patterns of Chinese eggplant anthocyanins and other derivatives on antioxidant effectiveness in human colon cell lines. Food Chem 2014; 172:183-9. [PMID: 25442541 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared the scavenging ROS of anthocyanins from Chinese eggplant var. Niu Jiao Qie and other delphinidin derivatives with different glycosylation patterns in HT-29 and HCT-116 cell lines. The eggplant anthocyanins were isolated and identified using LC-MSn and (1)H/(13)C NMR as delphinidin-3-[(4"-trans-p-coumaroyl)-rhamnosyl (1 → 6)glucoside]-5-glucoside, also known as nasunin. Delphinidin derivatives with glycosylation only on C3 (delphinidin-3-glucoside, 3-sambubioside, or 3-rutinoside) exhibited greater effects on ROS reduction as compared to delphinidin derivatives that have glycosylation on C3 and C5 (delphinidin-3,5-diglucoside>delphinidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside). Nasunin has glycosylation on C3 and C5 and an acyl group (p-coumaric acid), demonstrated the least effect on ROS reduction. Meanwhile, their ROS reduction activities were consistent with glutathione reductase protein expression levels in HT-29. Although not potent in ROS reduction, nasunin and its deacylated derivatives protected cells from DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our results suggest that the anthocyanins isolated from Chinese eggplant var. Niu Jiao Qie and other delphinidin have antioxidant activities in colon cancer cells and also protect cells from DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Jing
- Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Bingjun Qian
- Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shujuan Zhao
- Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Horticultural Engineering Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300122, China
| | - Ludan Ye
- Research Center for Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), Bor S. Luh Food Safety Research Center, School of Agriculture & Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - M Mónica Giusti
- Department of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xingya Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang 310053, China.
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26
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Baum M, Schantz M, Leick S, Berg S, Betz M, Frank K, Rehage H, Schwarz K, Kulozik U, Schuchmann H, Richling E. Is the antioxidative effectiveness of a bilberry extract influenced by encapsulation? JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:2301-2307. [PMID: 24395460 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) have been suggested to have preventive properties against diseases associated with oxidative stress such as colon cancer or inflammatory bowel diseases. Therefore the gastrointestinal tract is regarded as a potential target for prevention. In this study the antioxidative properties of a commercially available anthocyanin-rich bilberry extract (BE) were investigated in comparison with four different BE-loaded microcapsule systems. As markers to describe the antioxidant status in this cellular system, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, oxidative DNA damage and total glutathione (tGSH) levels were monitored. RESULTS Incubations with the BE-loaded capsule systems showed an increase in cellular glutathione levels and reduction of ROS levels at high BE concentrations (100-500 µg mL(-1) ) and a positive effect on the formation of DNA strand breaks (5-10 µg mL(-1) BE). The biological properties of BE-loaded pectin amide core-shell capsules, whey protein matrix capsules and coated apple pectin matrix capsules were comparable to those of the non-encapsulated BE. CONCLUSION Overall, the BE and the encapsulated BE types tested have antioxidative activity under the studied assay conditions in terms of the prevention of oxidative DNA damage, the reduction of intracellular ROS and the enhancement of cellular tGSH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Baum
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Molecular Nutrition, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Prooxidant effects of verbascoside, a bioactive compound from olive oil mill wastewater, on in vitro developmental potential of ovine prepubertal oocytes and bioenergetic/oxidative stress parameters of fresh and vitrified oocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:878062. [PMID: 24719893 PMCID: PMC3955694 DOI: 10.1155/2014/878062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Verbascoside (VB) is a bioactive polyphenol from olive oil mill wastewater with known antioxidant activity. Oxidative stress is an emerging problem in assisted reproductive technology (ART). Juvenile ART is a promising topic because, in farm animals, it reduces the generation gap and, in human reproductive medicine, it helps to overcome premature ovarian failure. The aim of this study was to test the effects of VB on the developmental competence of ovine prepubertal oocytes and the bioenergetic/oxidative stress status of fresh and vitrified oocytes. In fresh oocytes, VB exerted prooxidant short-term effects, that is, catalase activity increase and uncoupled increases of mitochondria and reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluorescence signals, and long-term effects, that is, reduced blastocyst formation rate. In vitrified oocytes, VB increased ROS levels. Prooxidant VB effects in ovine prepubertal oocytes could be related to higher VB accumulation, which was found as almost one thousand times higher than that reported in other cell systems in previous studies. Also, long exposure times of oocytes to VB, throughout the duration of in vitro maturation culture, may have contributed to significant increase of oocyte oxidation. Further studies are needed to identify lower concentrations and/or shorter exposure times to figure out VB antioxidant effects in juvenile ARTs.
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Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus (D.C) Stapf) polyphenols protect human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) from oxidative damage induced by high glucose, hydrogen peroxide and oxidised low-density lipoprotein. Food Chem 2013; 151:175-81. [PMID: 24423518 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aromatic herb Cymbopogon citratus Stapf is widely used in tropical and subtropical countries in cooking, as a herbal tea, and in traditional medicine for hypertension and diabetes. Some of its properties have been associated with the in vitro antioxidant effect of polyphenols isolated from their aerial parts. However, little is known about C. citratus effects on endothelial cells oxidative injury. Using chromatographic procedures, a polyphenol-rich fraction was obtained from C. citratus (CCF) and their antioxidant properties were assessed by cooper-induced LDL oxidation assay. The main constituents of the active CCF, identified by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS), were chlorogenic acid, isoorientin and swertiajaponin. CCF 10 and 100 μg/ml diminishes reactive oxidative species (ROS) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs), challenged with high D-glucose (60% inhibition), hydrogen peroxide (80% inhibition) or oxidised low-density lipoprotein (55% inhibition). CCF 10 or 100 μg/ml did not change nitric oxide (NO) production. However, CCF was able to inhibit vasoconstriction induced by the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U46619, which suggest a NO-independent vasodilatador effect on blood vessels. Our results suggest that lemon grass antioxidant properties might prevent endothelial dysfunction associated to an oxidative imbalance promoted by different oxidative stimuli.
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Odiatou EM, Skaltsounis AL, Constantinou AI. Identification of the factors responsible for the in vitro pro-oxidant and cytotoxic activities of the olive polyphenols oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. Cancer Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Plant polyphenols and oxidative metabolites of the herbal alkenylbenzene methyleugenol suppress histone deacetylase activity in human colon carcinoma cells. J Nutr Metab 2013; 2013:821082. [PMID: 23476753 PMCID: PMC3583079 DOI: 10.1155/2013/821082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence has been provided that diet and environmental factors directly influence epigenetic mechanisms associated with cancer development in humans. The inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity and the disruption of the HDAC complex have been recognized as a potent strategy for cancer therapy and chemoprevention. In the present study, we investigated whether selected plant constituents affect HDAC activity or HDAC1 protein status in the human colon carcinoma cell line HT29. The polyphenols (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and genistein (GEN) as well as two oxidative methyleugenol (ME) metabolites were shown to inhibit HDAC activity in intact HT29 cells. Concomitantly, a significant decrease of the HDAC1 protein level was observed after incubation with EGCG and GEN, whereas the investigated ME metabolites did not affect HDAC1 protein status. In conclusion, dietary compounds were found to possess promising HDAC-inhibitory properties, contributing to epigenetic alterations in colon tumor cells, which should be taken into account in further risk/benefit assessments of polyphenols and alkenylbenzenes.
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Odenthal J, van Heumen BWH, Roelofs HMJ, te Morsche RHM, Marian B, Nagengast FM, Peters WHM. The Influence of Curcumin, Quercetin, and Eicosapentaenoic Acid on the Expression of Phase II Detoxification Enzymes in the Intestinal Cell Lines HT-29, Caco-2, HuTu 80, and LT97. Nutr Cancer 2012; 64:856-63. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2012.700994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Benes P, Alexova P, Knopfova L, Spanova A, Smarda J. Redox state alters anti-cancer effects of wedelolactone. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2012; 53:515-524. [PMID: 22733624 DOI: 10.1002/em.21712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Wedelolactone is one of the active plant polyphenolic compounds. Anti-tumor effects of this drug have been demonstrated recently. We have described that wedelolactone acts as catalytic inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase IIα. The aim of this study was to further characterize the mechanism of its anti-tumor effects. We showed that wedelolactone inhibits binding of DNA topoisomerase IIα to plasmid DNA and antagonizes formation of etoposide-induced DNA cleavage complex. The inhibition of topoisomerase IIα by wedelolactone is reversible by excess of the enzyme but not DNA. The in vitro inhibitory effect of wedelolactone on the topoisomerase IIα activity is redox-dependent as it diminished in the presence of reducing agents. Cytotoxicity of wedelolactone was partially inhibited by N-acetylcysteine and glutathione ethyl ester in breast cancer MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells while the inhibitory effect of catalase was observed only in the former cell line. Finally, we found that wedelolactone can be oxidized in the presence of copper ions resulting in DNA strand break and abasic site formation in vitro. However, wedelolactone induced neither DNA damage in MDA-MB-231 cells nor mutations in bacterial cells detectable by Ames test suggesting that wedelolactone may not be an effective inducer of DNA damage. We conclude that the topoisomerase IIα inhibitory- and DNA damaging activities of wedelolactone in vitro depend on its redox state. Pro-oxidant activity could, however, explain only part of wedelolactone-induced cytotoxicity. Therefore, the major cellular target(s) of wedelolactone and the exact mechanism of wedelolactone-induced cytotoxicity still remain to be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Benes
- Department of Experimental Biology, Masaryk University, Czech Republic.
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33
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Maini S, Hodgson HL, Krol ES. The UVA and aqueous stability of flavonoids is dependent on B-ring substitution. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:6966-6976. [PMID: 22715887 DOI: 10.1021/jf3016128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavonols such as kaempferol and quercetin are believed to provide protection against ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage to plants. Recent in vitro studies have examined the ability of flavonols to protect against UV-induced damage to mammalian cells. Stability of flavonols in cell culture media, however, has been problematic, especially for quercetin, one of the most widely studied flavonols. As part of our investigations into the potential for flavonols to protect skin against UV-induced damage, we have determined the stability of a series of flavonols that differ only in the number of substituents on the B-ring. We measured the stability of these flavonols over time to UVA radiation, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), and Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline (DPBS) using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV). The identification of the breakdown products of flavonols was accomplished by using a hybrid quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometer coupled with liquid chromatography. Tandem mass spectrometric analysis (MS/MS) of flavonol photoproducts was confirmed by comparing with the known standard samples. We have determined that flavonol stability decreases with increasing B-ring substitution, suggesting that future investigation of potential photoprotective flavonols will need to be cognizant of this trend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabia Maini
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Babich H, Ickow IM, Weisburg JH, Zuckerbraun HL, Schuck AG. Cranberry Juice Extract, A Mild Prooxidant with Cytotoxic Properties Independent of Reactive Oxygen Species. Phytother Res 2012; 26:1358-65. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Babich
- Department of Biology; Stern College for Women; 245 Lexington Avenue; New York; NY; 10016; USA
| | - I. M. Ickow
- Department of Biology; Stern College for Women; 245 Lexington Avenue; New York; NY; 10016; USA
| | - J. H. Weisburg
- Department of Biology; Stern College for Women; 245 Lexington Avenue; New York; NY; 10016; USA
| | - H. L. Zuckerbraun
- Department of Biology; Stern College for Women; 245 Lexington Avenue; New York; NY; 10016; USA
| | - A. G. Schuck
- Department of Biology; Stern College for Women; 245 Lexington Avenue; New York; NY; 10016; USA
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Sánchez-Tena S, Fernández-Cachón ML, Carreras A, Mateos-Martín ML, Costoya N, Moyer MP, Nuñez MJ, Torres JL, Cascante M. Hamamelitannin from witch hazel (Hamamelis virginiana) displays specific cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2012; 75:26-33. [PMID: 22216935 DOI: 10.1021/np200426k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Hamamelis virginiana (witch hazel) bark is a rich source of condensed and hydrolyzable tannins reported to exert a protective action against colon cancer. The present study characterizes different witch hazel tannins as selective cytotoxic agents against colon cancer. To cover the structural diversity of the tannins that occur in H. virginiana bark, the hydrolyzable tannins, hamamelitannin and pentagalloylglucose, together with a proanthocyanidin-rich fraction (F800H4) were selected for the study. Treatment with these compounds reduced tumor viability and induced apoptosis, necrosis, and S-phase arrest in the cell cycle of HT29 cells, with hamamelitannin being the most efficient. Owing to polyphenol-mediated H(2)O(2) formation in the incubation media, the antiproliferative effect was determined in the presence and absence of catalase to rule out any such interference. The presence of catalase significantly changed the IC(50) only for F800H4. Furthermore, at concentrations that inhibit the growth of HT29 cells by 50%, hamamelitannin had no harmful effects on NCM460 normal colonocytes, whereas pentagalloylglucose inhibited both cancerous and normal cell growth. Using the TNPTM assay, we identified a highly reactive phenolic position in hamamelitannin, which may explain its efficacy at inhibiting colon cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Sánchez-Tena
- Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, IBUB, Unit Associated with CSIC, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Cheli F, Baldi A. Nutrition-based health: cell-based bioassays for food antioxidant activity evaluation. J Food Sci 2011; 76:R197-205. [PMID: 22416720 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Food science has progressively evolved and now there are wide evidences that foods have biological activities that are beyond their classical nutritional value. In this field, the antioxidant activity of pure compounds, food, feed, and dietary supplements has been extensively studied and numerous analytical approaches and assay models have been developed, involving various systems from simple chemical assays to animal models and human studies. This article is an overview of different cell-based models that have been used for testing the antioxidant properties of food, feed, and dietary supplements. Advantages, drawbacks, and technical problems to develop and validate suitable, robust, and high-throughput cell-based bioassays for screening food antioxidant activity will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Cheli
- Dept. of Veterinary Science and Technology for Food Safety, Univ. degli Studi di Milano, Via Trentacoste 2, 20134, Milano, Italy.
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Genotoxicity and apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster exposed to benzene, toluene and xylene: Attenuation by quercetin and curcumin. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2011; 253:14-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2011.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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38
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Esselen M, Fritz J, Hutter M, Teller N, Baechler S, Boettler U, Marczylo TH, Gescher AJ, Marko D. Anthocyanin-rich extracts suppress the DNA-damaging effects of topoisomerase poisons in human colon cancer cells. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55 Suppl 1:S143-53. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Bakuradze T, Lang R, Hofmann T, Stiebitz H, Bytof G, Lantz I, Baum M, Eisenbrand G, Janzowski C. Antioxidant effectiveness of coffee extracts and selected constituents in cell-free systems and human colon cell lines. Mol Nutr Food Res 2010; 54:1734-43. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201000147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Long LH, Hoi A, Halliwell B. Instability of, and generation of hydrogen peroxide by, phenolic compounds in cell culture media. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010; 501:162-9. [PMID: 20558131 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many papers in the literature have described complex effects of flavonoids and other polyphenols on cells in culture. In this paper we show that hydroxytyrosol, delphinidin chloride and rosmarinic acid are unstable in three commonly-used cell culture media (Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), RPMI 1640 (RPMI) and Minimal Essential Medium Eagle (MEM)) and undergo rapid oxidation to generate H2O2. This may have confounded some previous studies on the cellular effects of these compounds. By contrast, apigenin, curcumin, hesperetin, naringenin, resveratrol and tyrosol did not generate significant H2O2 levels in these media. Nevertheless, curcumin and, to a lesser extent, resveratrol (but not tyrosol) were also unstable in DMEM, so the absence of detectable H2O2 production by a compound in cell culture media should not be equated to stability of that compound. Compound instability and generation of H2O2 must be taken into account in interpreting effects of phenolic compounds on cells in culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Hua Long
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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41
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Bellion P, Digles J, Will F, Dietrich H, Baum M, Eisenbrand G, Janzowski C. Polyphenolic apple extracts: effects of raw material and production method on antioxidant effectiveness and reduction of DNA damage in Caco-2 cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:6636-6642. [PMID: 20455581 DOI: 10.1021/jf904150x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A diet rich in fruits and vegetables is commonly perceived to be associated with reduced cancer risk, attributed to its high content of polyphenols. As apples represent a major polyphenol source in Western countries, we studied differentially produced extracts (1-100 microg/mL): two from different apple juices (AEs), one from pomace (APE), and one peel extract (PE) on their potential to reduce DNA oxidation damage and induce antioxidant defense in Caco-2 cells. Additionally, we measured direct antioxidant capacity (TEAC/ORAC) of the extracts. Quercetin-rich PE and APE most effectively diminished DNA damage and ROS level after 24 h incubation (PE > APE), whereas the AEs were only moderately effective. GPx activity was diminished for all extracts, with AEs > APE > PE. Direct antioxidant activity decreased in the order AEs > PE > APE, displaying no significant correlation with cellular markers. In conclusion, apple phenolics at low, nutritionally relevant concentrations may protect intestinal cells from ROS-induced DNA damage, mediated by cellular defense mechanisms rather than by antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip Bellion
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry & Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin Schroedinger Strasse 52, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Strathmann J, Klimo K, Sauer SW, Okun JG, Prehn JHM, Gerhäuser C. Xanthohumol‐induced transient superoxide anion radical formation triggers cancer cells into apoptosis
via
a mitochondria‐mediated mechanism. FASEB J 2010; 24:2938-50. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-155846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Klimo
- German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
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