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Das T, Chatterjee N, Capanoglu E, Lorenzo JM, Das AK, Dhar P. The synergistic ramification of insoluble dietary fiber and associated non-extractable polyphenols on gut microbial population escorting alleviation of lifestyle diseases. Food Chem X 2023; 18:100697. [PMID: 37206320 PMCID: PMC10189415 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.100697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Most of the pertinent research which aims at exploring the therapeutic effects of polyphenols usually misapprehends a large fraction of non-extractable polyphenols due to their poor aqueous-organic solvent extractability. These polymeric polyphenols (i.e., proanthocyanins, hydrolysable tannins and phenolic acids) possess a unique property to adhere to the food matrix polysaccharides and protein sowing to their structural complexity with high glycosylation, degree of polymerization, and plenty of hydroxyl groups. Surprisingly resistance to intestinal absorption does not hinder its bioactivity but accelerates its functionality manifolds due to the colonic microbial catabolism in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby protecting the body from local and systemic inflammatory diseases. This review highlights not only the chemistry, digestion, colonic metabolism of non-extractable polyphenols (NEPP) but also summarises the synergistic effect of matrix-bound NEPP exerting local as well as systemic health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Das
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
| | - Niloy Chatterjee
- Centre for Research in Nanoscience & Nanotechnology, University of Calcutta, JD 2, Sector III, Salt Lake City, Kolkata 700 098, India
| | - Esra Capanoglu
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Chemical & Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jose M. Lorenzo
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain
- Universidade de Vigo, Área de Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias de Ourense, 32004 Ourense, Spain
- Corresponding authors at: Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (E. Capanoglu).
| | - Arun K. Das
- Eastern Regional Station, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, 37 Belgachia Road, Kolkata-700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Pubali Dhar
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Food and Nutrition Division, Department of Home Science, University of Calcutta, 20B Judges Court Road, Alipore, Kolkata 700027, West Bengal, India
- Corresponding authors at: Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Avd. Galicia n° 4, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrao das Viñas, 32900 Ourense, Spain (E. Capanoglu).
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Talebi M, Esmaeeli H, İlgün S, Talebi M, Farkhondeh T, Mishra G, Samarghandian S. The Protective Role of Grape Seed in Obesity and Lipid Profile: An Updated Narrative Overview of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023; 23:46-62. [PMID: 35786197 DOI: 10.2174/1871530322666220630091859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and dyslipidemia are common disorders universally. According to the acquired outcomes of recent studies, dietary supplementations which have great content of phenolic compounds exert protective effects against obesity and dyslipidemia. Grape [Vitis vinifera] seeds are considered attractive sources of phenolic compounds with anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory effects. There are also various experimental studies describing hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, anti-aging, cardioprotective, and anti-carcinogenic effects of polyphenols isolated from grape seed, highlighting the therapeutic and biological aspects of proanthocyanidins. The present review article first discusses pharmacological, botanical, toxicological, and phytochemical characteristics of Vitis vinifera seeds and afterward designates the protective properties which are attributed to the intake of grape seeds in obesity and hyperlipidemia. Overall valuable and updated findings of this study display that polyphenol of grape seeds has meaningful impacts on the regulation of lipid profile levels and management of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1991953381, Iran
| | - Hadi Esmaeeli
- Research and Development Unit, NIAK Pharmaceutical Company, Gorgan, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Selen İlgün
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, 38039, Turkey
| | - Mohsen Talebi
- Viatris Pharmaceuticals Inc., 3300 Research Plaza, San Antonio, Texas, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, 76019, United States
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Gaurav Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
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Torres‐Fuentes C, Suárez M, Aragonès G, Mulero M, Ávila‐Román J, Arola‐Arnal A, Salvadó MJ, Arola L, Bravo FI, Muguerza B. Cardioprotective Properties of Phenolic Compounds: A Role for Biological Rhythms. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2100990. [PMID: 35279936 PMCID: PMC9786928 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of deaths worldwide and their prevalence is continuously increasing. Available treatments may present several side effects and therefore the development of new safer therapeutics is of interest. Phenolic compounds have shown several cardioprotective properties helpful in reducing different CVD risk factors such as inflammation, elevated blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, or endothelial dysfunction. These factors are significantly influenced by biological rhythms which are in fact emerging as key modulators of important metabolic and physiological processes. Thus, increased events of CVD have been observed under circadian rhythm disruption or in winter versus other seasons. These rhythms can also affect the functionality of phenolic compounds. Indeed, different effects have been observed depending on the administration time or under different photoperiods. Therefore, in this review the focus will be on the potential of phenolic compounds as therapeutics to prevent CVD via biological rhythm modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Torres‐Fuentes
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Miquel Mulero
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Javier Ávila‐Román
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Anna Arola‐Arnal
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Maria Josepa Salvadó
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomics Research GroupDepartament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliTarragona43007Spain
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Fan W, Zong H, Zhao T, Deng J, Yang H. Bioactivities and mechanisms of dietary proanthocyanidins on blood pressure lowering: A critical review of in vivo and clinical studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3522-3538. [PMID: 36226711 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2132375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins, widespread in natural plant sources, are bioactive substances that exhibit broad benefits to human health. Of note, proanthocyanidins have been reported to lower blood pressure and prevent hypertension, but a critical review of this is lacking. In this review, information on the basic structures and absorption of dietary proanthocyanidins as well as their bioactivities and related mechanisms on the lowering of blood pressure derived via in vivo and clinical studies are summarized. Clinical studies have shown that proanthocyanidins have a pronounced blood pressure-lowering effect, effectively preventing hypertension and reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The potential mechanisms, which are herein reviewed in detail, involve the improvement of vascular function, reduction of oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulation of lipid metabolism. Taken together, this work provides information for a better understanding of the antihypertensive effects of proanthocyanidins, which may promote their use to reduce the risk of developing hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Fan
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Houru Zong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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TetraSOD®, a Unique Marine Microalgae Ingredient, Promotes an Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status in a Metabolic Syndrome-Induced Model in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194028. [PMID: 36235679 PMCID: PMC9571776 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased oxidative stress has been linked to the pathogenic process of obesity and can trigger inflammation, which is often linked with the risk factors that make up metabolic syndrome (MetS), including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. TetraSOD®, a natural marine vegan ingredient derived from the microalgae Tetraselmis chuii that is high in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) has recently demonstrated in vitro increased activity of these key antioxidant enzymes. In the present study, the potential bioactive effects of three dietary dosages of TetraSOD® in enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms to combat the metabolic disturbances that compose MetS were assessed in rats given a cafeteria (CAF) diet. Chronic supplementation with 0.17, 1.7, and 17 mg kg−1 day−1 of TetraSOD® for 8 weeks ameliorated the abnormalities associated with MetS, including oxidative stress and inflammation, promoting endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms in the liver (GPx and GSH), modulating oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in plasma (NOx, oxLDL and IL-10), and regulating genes involved in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory pathways in the liver, mesenteric white adipose tissue (MWAT), thymus, and spleen. Overall, TetraSOD® appears to be a potential therapeutic option for the management of MetS.
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Grape-Seed Procyanidin Extract (GSPE) Seasonal-Dependent Modulation of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in the Liver of Healthy F344 Rats. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12060839. [PMID: 35740964 PMCID: PMC9221469 DOI: 10.3390/biom12060839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Seasonality is gaining attention in the modulation of some physiological and metabolic functions in mammals. Furthermore, the consumption of natural compounds, such as GSPE, is steadily increasing. Consequently, in order to study the interaction of seasonal variations in day length over natural compounds’ molecular effects, we carried out an animal study using photo-sensitive rats which were chronically exposed for 9 weeks to three photoperiods (L6, L18, and L12) in order to mimic the day length of different seasons (winter/summer/and autumn-spring). In parallel, animals were also treated either with GSPE 25 (mg/kg) or vehicle (VH) for 4 weeks. Interestingly, a seasonal-dependent GSPE modulation on the hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism was observed. For example, some metabolic genes from the liver (SREBP-1c, Gk, Acacα) changed their expression due to seasonality. Furthermore, the metabolomic results also indicated a seasonal influence on the GSPE effects associated with glucose-6-phosphate, D-glucose, and D-ribose, among others. These differential effects, which were also reflected in some plasmatic parameters (i.e., glucose and triglycerides) and hormones (corticosterone and melatonin), were also associated with significant changes in the expression of several hepatic circadian clock genes (Bmal1, Cry1, and Nr1d1) and ER stress genes (Atf6, Grp78, and Chop). Our results point out the importance of circannual rhythms in regulating metabolic homeostasis and suggest that seasonal variations (long or short photoperiods) affect hepatic metabolism in rats. Furthermore, they suggest that procyanidin consumption could be useful for the modulation of the photoperiod-dependent changes on glucose and lipid metabolism, whose alterations could be related to metabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease). Furthermore, even though the GSPE effect is not restricted to a specific photoperiod, our results suggest a more significant effect in the L18 condition.
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Chedea VS, Tomoiagǎ LL, Macovei ŞO, Mǎgureanu DC, Iliescu ML, Bocsan IC, Buzoianu AD, Voşloban CM, Pop RM. Antioxidant/Pro-Oxidant Actions of Polyphenols From Grapevine and Wine By-Products-Base for Complementary Therapy in Ischemic Heart Diseases. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:750508. [PMID: 34805304 PMCID: PMC8595212 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.750508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Grape pomace and grape seeds, by-products of the wine industry, and grapevine cane resulting from grapevine pruning are cheap matrices containing important amounts of polyphenols. While there is a continuous need of introducing new ways of these by-products valorization, we propose their use as a source of bioactive polyphenols for complementary therapy in ischemic heart diseases. As oxidative stress plays an important role in these diseases, by their antioxidant/pro-oxidant properties, these compounds, mainly flavan-3-ols, procyanidins, and resveratrol may counteract the damage of the oxidative stress. For instance, to some extent, the grape seed extract, considered as an antioxidant nutritive supplement, may have pro-oxidant activity as well, depending on dose, duration of administration, and other dietary components. In vitro studies confirm that the antioxidant activity of this extract might be mediated by pro-oxidant o-quinones and oxidation products of the polyphenols from grape and winery byproducts, indicating that quinones, as oxidation products, are involved in the modulation of the antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance at the cellular level in the case of catechin-type compounds, in the absence or presence of oxidative stress inducers. In vivo, studies indicate that a grape pomace-rich diet results in a significant increase of the total antioxidant status in the plasma, liver, spleen, and kidneys. Also, the administration of grape pomace shows antioxidant activity with positive effects on health. In this context, the present review aims to present the most recent research focused on the antioxidant/pro-oxidant actions of the bioactive polyphenols from grapevine and wine byproducts, in conditions of ischemic heart diseases as assessed in vitro or in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Maria Lucia Iliescu
- Research Station for Viticulture and Enology Blaj (SCDVV Blaj), Blaj, Romania
| | - Ioana Corina Bocsan
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Dana Buzoianu
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Raluca Maria Pop
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Clinical Pharmacology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Qi Y, Chen S, Lu Y, Zhang Z, Wang S, Chen N, Shen M, Chen F, Chen M, Quan Y, Yang L, Xu Y, Su Y, Hu M, Wang J. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract ameliorates ionizing radiation-induced hematopoietic stem progenitor cell injury by regulating Foxo1 in mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 174:144-156. [PMID: 34389464 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation (IR)-induced excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important contributor of the injury of hematopoietic system. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) is a new type of antioxidant, whereas whether it could ameliorate IR-induced hematopoietic injury remains unclear. Here, we show that GSPE treatment improves the survival of irradiated mice and alleviates IR-induced myelosuppression. Meanwhile, the hematopoietic reconstituting ability of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in mice following irradiation exposure is significantly increased after GSPE treatment. Furthermore, GSPE treatment can reduce IR-induced ROS production and relieve DNA damage and apoptosis in hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs). Interestingly, we find that a critical antioxidant-associated gene fokhead box transcription factor O1 (Foxo1) is significantly decreased in HSPCs after irradiation. Consistently, hematopoietic specific deletion of Foxo1 increases the radiosensitivity of mice. Further investigations reveal that GSPE treatment specifically upregulates the expression of Foxo1, as well as its target genes superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase (CAT). Importantly, Foxo1 deficiency largely abolishes the radioprotection of GSPE on HSPCs. Collectively, our data demonstrate that GSPE plays an important role in ameliorating IR-induced HSPC injury via the Foxo1-mediated pathway. Therefore, GSPE may be used as a promising radioprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shilei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yukai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Song Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Naicheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mingqiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Fang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lijing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yongping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Mengjia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Junping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Nanomedicine, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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A Brief Overview of Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue with a Therapeutic Approach to Taking Antioxidant Supplements. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040594. [PMID: 33924341 PMCID: PMC8069597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the leading causes of obesity associated with oxidative stress (OS) is excessive consumption of nutrients, especially fast-foods, and a sedentary lifestyle, characterized by the ample accumulation of lipid in adipose tissue (AT). When the body needs energy, the lipid is broken down into glycerol (G) and free fatty acids (FFA) during the lipolysis process and transferred to various tissues in the body. Materials secreted from AT, especially adipocytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), are impressive in causing inflammation and OS of AT. There are several ways to improve obesity, but researchers have highly regarded the use of antioxidant supplements due to their neutralizing properties in removing ROS. In this review, we have examined the AT response to OS to antioxidant supplements focusing on animal studies. The results are inconsistent due to differences in the study duration and diversity in animals (strain, age, and sex). Therefore, there is a need for different studies, especially in humans.
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Effects of Fish Oil and Grape Seed Extract Combination on Hepatic Endogenous Antioxidants and Bioactive Lipids in Diet-Induced Early Stages of Insulin Resistance in Rats. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18060318. [PMID: 32560216 PMCID: PMC7345288 DOI: 10.3390/md18060318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerols (DAG) and ceramides have been suggested as early predictors of insulin resistance. This study was aimed to examine the combined effects of fish oil (FO) and grape seed extract (GSE) on hepatic endogenous antioxidants, DAG and ceramides in diet-induced early stages of insulin resistance. Thirty-five rats were fed one of the following diets: (1) a standard diet (STD group), (2) a high-fat high-sucrose diet (HFHS group), (3) an HFHS diet enriched with FO (FO group), (4) an HFHS diet enriched with GSE (GSE group) or (5) an HFHS diet enriched with FO and GSE (FO + GSE group). In the liver, endogenous antioxidants were measured using spectrophotometric and fluorometric techniques, and non-targeted lipidomics was conducted for the assessment of DAG and ceramides. After 24 weeks, the FO + GSE group showed increased glutathione peroxidase activity, as well as monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing DAG, and long-chain fatty acid-containing ceramides abundances compared to the STD group. The FO and GSE combination induced similar activation of the antioxidant system and bioactive lipid accumulation in the liver than the HFHS diet without supplementation. In addition, the FO and GSE combination increased the abundances of polyunsaturated fatty acid-containing DAG in the liver.
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Zhang L, Virgous C, Si H. How Does Ginsenoside Rh2 Mitigate Adipogenesis in Cultured Cells and Obese Mice? Molecules 2020; 25:E2412. [PMID: 32455850 PMCID: PMC7287807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ginsenoside Rh2, an intermediate metabolite of ginseng, but not naturally occurring, has recently drawn attention because of its anticancer effect. However, it is not clear if and how Rh2 inhibits preadipocytes differentiation. In the present study, we hypothesized that ginsenoside Rh2 attenuates adipogenesis through regulating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) pathway both in cells and obese mice. Different concentrations of Rh2 were applied both in 3T3-L1 cells and human primary preadipocytes to determine if Rh2 inhibits cell differentiation. Dietary Rh2 was administered to obese mice to determine if Rh2 prevents obesity in vivo. The mRNA and protein expression of PPAR-γ pathway molecules in cells and tissues were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot, respectively. Our results show that Rh2 dose-dependently (30-60 μM) inhibited cell differentiation in 3T3-L1 cells (44.5% ± 7.8% of control at 60 μM). This inhibitory effect is accompanied by the attenuation of the protein and/or mRNA expression of adipogenic markers including PPAR-γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha, fatty acid synthase, fatty acid binding protein 4, and perilipin significantly (p < 0.05). Moreover, Rh2 significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited differentiation in human primary preadipocytes at much lower concentrations (5-15 μM). Furthermore, dietary intake of Rh2 (0.1 g Rh2/kg diet, w/w for eight weeks) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced protein PPAR-γ expression in liver and hepatic glutathione reductase and lowered fasting blood glucose. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rh2 dose-dependently inhibits adipogenesis through down-regulating the PPAR-γ pathway, and Rh2 may be a potential agent in preventing obesity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyun Zhang
- Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
| | - Carlos Virgous
- Animal Care Facility, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA;
| | - Hongwei Si
- Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA;
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Maurer LH, Cazarin CBB, Quatrin A, Nichelle SM, Minuzzi NM, Teixeira CF, Manica da Cruz IB, Maróstica Júnior MR, Emanuelli T. Dietary fiber and fiber-bound polyphenols of grape peel powder promote GSH recycling and prevent apoptosis in the colon of rats with TNBS-induced colitis. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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13
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Rodríguez-Pérez C, García-Villanova B, Guerra-Hernández E, Verardo V. Grape Seeds Proanthocyanidins: An Overview of In Vivo Bioactivity in Animal Models. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2435. [PMID: 31614852 PMCID: PMC6835351 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, proanthocyanidins (PACs) are attracting attention not only from the food industry but also from public health organizations due to their health benefits. It is well-known that grapes are a good source of PACs and for that reason, the industry is also focused on grape by-products identification and bioactivity evaluation. Grape seeds extract (GSPE) is a rich source of PACs, mainly composed of monomeric catechin and epicatechin, gallic acid and polymeric and oligomeric proanthocyanidins. Thus, this review encompasses the state-of-art structure and the most recent evidence about the impact of GSPE on chronic diseases, with a focus on oxidative stress, inflammation and metabolic syndrome (MeS)-related disorders such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular risk disease in vivo to offer new perspectives in the field that allow further research. Despite the controversial results, is undeniable that PACs from grape seeds are highly antioxidants, thus, the capacity of GSPE to improve oxidative stress might mediate the inflammation process and the progress of MeS-related pathologies. However, further well-design animal studies with standardized dosages and GSPE composition are necessary to shed light into the cause-effect relationship in a more accurate way to later allow a deeper study of the effect of GSPE in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celia Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Belén García-Villanova
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Eduardo Guerra-Hernández
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
| | - Vito Verardo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA) 'José Mataix', Biomedical Research Centre, University of Granada, Avenida del Conocimiento s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain.
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14
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Zhou JW, Muhammad J, Sun B, Yang R, Wadood A, Wang JS, Jia AQ. Metabolomic analysis of quorum sensing inhibitor hordenine on Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:6271-6285. [PMID: 31161392 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09878-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance-based metabolomics analysis was performed to determine the global metabolite changes in pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 following exposure to quorum sensing (QS) inhibitor hordenine. Pyocyanin inhibition assay confirmed that hordenine exhibited potent QS inhibitory activity. A total of 40 metabolites were assigned by PMR spectra. Hordenine treatment resulted in the destruction of QS system in P. aeruginosa PAO1 by downregulating the expressions of genes involved in QS. The synthesis of antioxidant enzymes was repressed and the oxidative stress was enhanced due to the dysfunctional QS system of P. aeruginosa PAO1. The enhanced oxidative stress induced by the dysfunctional QS system of P. aeruginosa PAO1 altered the membrane components, enhanced membrane permeability, and disturbed energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism, and would ultimately attenuate the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Hordenine may have promising potential for controlling nosocomial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China.,School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Junaid Muhammad
- Department of Bioinformatic and Biostatistics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Bing Sun
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Rui Yang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
| | - Ai-Qun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry Education, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China. .,School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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15
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Rauf A, Imran M, Abu-Izneid T, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Patel S, Pan X, Naz S, Sanches Silva A, Saeed F, Rasul Suleria HA. Proanthocyanidins: A comprehensive review. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:108999. [PMID: 31146109 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins are condensed tannins with various pharmacological properties. These phytochemicals are considered as 'offense and defense molecules because of their human health benefits. The validation of their diverse health aspects, namely, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and antimicrobial has earned them repute in thermochemistry. Proanthocyanidins are oligo- or polymers of monomeric flavan-3-ols produced as an end product of flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Agricultural wastes and food processing wastes contain immense amount of proanthocyanidins, exploitation of which can be a sustainable source of dietary supplements and functional ingredients. The current review article discusses recent developments in the health promoting properties of proanthocyanidins and the associated hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- University Institute of Diet & Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tareq Abu-Izneid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University of Science and Technology, Al Ain Campus, UAE
| | - Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- Department of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Allied Sciences, Imperial College of Business Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA
| | - Xiandao Pan
- Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Saima Naz
- Department of Biotechnology, Woman University Mardan, Mardan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ana Sanches Silva
- National Institute for Agricultural and Veterinary Research, 4485-655, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Science, Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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16
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Garcés-Rimón M, González C, Vera G, Uranga JA, López-Fandiño R, López-Miranda V, Miguel M. Pepsin Egg White Hydrolysate Improves Glucose Metabolism Complications Related to Metabolic Syndrome in Zucker Fatty Rats. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040441. [PMID: 29614007 PMCID: PMC5946226 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of two egg white hydrolysates on glucose metabolism complications related to Metabolic Syndrome (MS) in Zucker fatty rats (ZFR). ZFR were given 750 mg/kg/day of egg white hydrolyzed with pepsin (HEW1) or with aminopeptidase (HEW2) for 12 weeks in their drinking water or just water. Zucker lean rats (ZLR), which received water, were used as a control. The presence of tactile allodynia, which is a sign of peripheral neuropathy, was assessed. Blood samples and pancreas were collected to determine the effect of the hydrolysates on glucose metabolism. The intake of HEW1 significantly lowered plasma insulin levels and improved the quantitative indexes of insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, and pancreatic β-cell functionality (HOMA-IR, HOMA-β, and QUICKI, respectively), but non-significant changes were observed in group treated with HEW2. Compared to ZLR, ZFR showed tactile allodynia, but the consumption of both hydrolysates significantly increased mechanical sensitivity in ZFR. In conclusion, HEW1 pepsin could improve the glucose metabolism abnormalities associated with MS in obese Zucker rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Garcés-Rimón
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Cristina González
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Farmacología (URJC), Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid 28922, Spain.
| | - Gema Vera
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Farmacología (URJC), Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid 28922, Spain.
| | - José-A Uranga
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Farmacología (URJC), Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid 28922, Spain.
| | - Rosina López-Fandiño
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28049, Spain.
| | - Visitación López-Miranda
- Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición y Farmacología (URJC), Unidad Asociada al Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CSIC), Madrid 28049, Spain.
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas de la Salud, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid 28922, Spain.
| | - Marta Miguel
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28049, Spain.
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17
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Bioactivity-based antioxidative components screening and evaluation in grape seed proanthocyanidin extract. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2017; 54:2645-2652. [PMID: 28928504 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-017-2692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE), a type of functional food, possesses potent antioxidant activity. In this study, GSPE protected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells from H2O2-induced cell injury and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. The key effective constituents that exerted the most potent antioxidative activity in GSPE were screened by using a modified ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF MS) integrated 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical cation antioxidative activity analysis system. Two compounds, which were presumed to be Procyanidin B2 and Procyanidin C2, showed obvious antioxidant activity. H2O2 scavenging effect of Procyanidin B2 in HEK 293 cells was visualized in situ by a molecular imaging technique via a novel N-borylbenzyloxycarbonyl-3,7-dihydroxyphenoxazine (NBCD) fluorescent probe to detect levels of H2O2. In conclusion, the application of UPLC-Q/TOF MS integrated modified ABTS radical cation antioxidative activity analysis system and NBCD fluorescent probe successfully screened out and confirmed the antioxidative components from GSPE.
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18
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Zhang L, Zhang L, Wang X, Si H. Anti-adipogenic Effects and Mechanisms of Ginsenoside Rg3 in Pre-adipocytes and Obese Mice. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:113. [PMID: 28337143 PMCID: PMC5340763 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Red or black ginseng has been reported more powerful than white/fresh ginseng in dealing with various diseases/conditions including obesity. The major reason is that heating/steaming, the process of making red or black ginseng, produces large amount of bioactive compounds including ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3), which are trace in fresh or white ginseng. In the present study, Rg3 was applied both in pre-adipocytes and obese mice to investigate the anti-adipogenic effects and relevant mechanisms. Our results show that Rg3 dose-dependently inhibited cell differentiation both in 3T3-L1 cells (30, 50, and 100 μM) and human primary pre-adipocytes (10, 20, and 30 μM). This inhibitory effect is accompanied by the attenuation of the expressions of adipogenic markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP-α), fatty acid synthase (FAS), fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and perilipin. Although dietary intake of Rg3 (0.1 mg Rg3/kg diet, 8 weeks) did not significantly affect body weight gain, fat pads and food intake as well as of PPAR-γ expression in fat tissues, we found that hepatic PPAR-γ and C/EBP-α protein expressions and hepatic glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase, two major antioxidants molecules were significantly reduced by Rg3. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rg3 may be a potential agent in reducing/preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyun Zhang
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Hongwei Si
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN, USA
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19
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Chardonnay Grape Seed Flour Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis and Insulin Resistance via Altered Hepatic Gene Expression for Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Lipid and Ceramide Synthesis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167680. [PMID: 27977712 PMCID: PMC5157984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To identify differentially expressed hepatic genes contributing to the improvement of high-fat (HF) diet-induced hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance following supplementation of partially defatted flavonoid-rich Chardonnay grape seed flour (ChrSd), diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were fed HF diets containing either ChrSd or microcrystalline cellulose (MCC, control) for 5 weeks. The 2-h insulin area under the curve was significantly lowered by ChrSd, indicating that ChrSd improved insulin sensitivity. ChrSd intake also significantly reduced body weight gain, liver and adipose tissue weight, hepatic lipid content, and plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, despite a significant increase in food intake. Exon microarray analysis of hepatic gene expression revealed down-regulation of genes related to triglyceride and ceramide synthesis, immune response, oxidative stress, and inflammation and upregulation of genes related to fatty acid oxidation, cholesterol, and bile acid synthesis. In conclusion, the effects of ChrSd supplementation in a HF diet on weight gain, insulin resistance, and progression of hepatic steatosis in DIO mice were associated with modulation of hepatic genes related to oxidative stress, inflammation, ceramide synthesis, and lipid and cholesterol metabolism.
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20
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Margalef M, Pons Z, Iglesias-Carres L, Quiñones M, Bravo FI, Arola-Arnal A, Muguerza B. Rat health status affects bioavailability, target tissue levels, and bioactivity of grape seed flavanols. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Margalef
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS); TECNIO, CEICS; Reus Spain
| | - Zara Pons
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Mar Quiñones
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Department of Physiology; CIMUS; University of Santiago de Compostela - Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria; Santiago de Compostela Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Universitat Rovira i Virgili; Tarragona Spain
- Centre Tecnològic de Nutrició i Salut (CTNS); TECNIO, CEICS; Reus Spain
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21
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Acute consumption of organic and conventional tropical grape juices (Vitis labrusca L.) increases antioxidants in plasma and erythrocytes, but not glucose and uric acid levels, in healthy individuals. Nutr Res 2016; 36:808-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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22
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Li W, Jiang Y, Sun T, Yao X, Sun X. Supplementation of procyanidins B2 attenuates photooxidation-induced apoptosis in ARPE-19 cells. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 67:650-9. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1189886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weinan Li
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Sun
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Yao
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangjun Sun
- College of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Aragonès G, Suárez M, Ardid-Ruiz A, Vinaixa M, Rodríguez MA, Correig X, Arola L, Bladé C. Dietary proanthocyanidins boost hepatic NAD(+) metabolism and SIRT1 expression and activity in a dose-dependent manner in healthy rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24977. [PMID: 27102823 PMCID: PMC4840337 DOI: 10.1038/srep24977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PACs) have been reported to modulate multiple targets by simultaneously controlling many pivotal metabolic pathways in the liver. However, the precise mechanism of PAC action on the regulation of the genes that control hepatic metabolism remains to be clarified. Accordingly, we used a metabolomic approach combining both nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry analysis to evaluate the changes induced by different doses of grape-seed PACs in the liver of healthy rats. Here, we report that PACs significantly increased the hepatic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD(+)) content in a dose-dependent manner by specifically modulating the hepatic concentrations of the major NAD(+) precursors as well as the mRNA levels of the genes that encode the enzymes involved in the cellular metabolism of NAD(+). Notably, Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) gene expression was also significantly up-regulated in a dose-response pattern. The increase in both the NAD(+) availability and Sirt1 mRNA levels, in turn, resulted in the hepatic activation of SIRT1, which was significantly associated with improved protection against hepatic triglyceride accumulation. Our data clearly indicates that PAC consumption could be a valid tool to enhance hepatic SIRT1 activity through the modulation of NAD(+) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Aragonès
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Suárez
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Andrea Ardid-Ruiz
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Vinaixa
- Metabolomics Platform of the Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), University Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel A Rodríguez
- Center for Omic Sciences (COS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Xavier Correig
- Metabolomics Platform of the Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Disorders (CIBERDEM), University Rovira i Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Center for Omic Sciences (COS), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Cinta Bladé
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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24
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Anthocyanin-rich phenolic extracts of purple root vegetables inhibit pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by H2O2 and enhance antioxidant enzyme activities in Caco-2 cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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25
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Akaberi M, Hosseinzadeh H. Grapes (Vitis vinifera) as a Potential Candidate for the Therapy of the Metabolic Syndrome. Phytother Res 2016; 30:540-56. [PMID: 26800498 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with several disorders, including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia as well as cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Plant-derived polyphenols, compounds found in numerous plant species, play an important role as potential treatments for components of metabolic syndrome. Studies have provided evidence for protective effects of various polyphenol-rich foods against metabolic syndrome. Fruits, vegetables, cereals, nuts, and berries are rich in polyphenolic compounds. Grapes (Vitis vinifera), especially grape seeds, stand out as rich sources of polyphenol potent antioxidants and have been reported helpful for inhibiting the risk factors involved in the metabolic syndrome such as hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension. There are also many studies about gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, and anti-obesity effects of grape polyphenolic compounds especially proanthocyanidins in the literature. The present study investigates the protective effects of grape seeds in metabolic syndrome. The results of this study show that grape polyphenols have significant effects on the level of blood glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, as well as beneficial activities in liver and heart with various mechanisms. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of grape polyphenols is discussed. More detailed mechanistic investigations and phytochemical studies for finding the exact bioactive component(s) and molecular signaling pathways are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Akaberi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hosein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamy and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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26
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Margalef M, Pons Z, Iglesias-Carres L, Bravo FI, Muguerza B, Arola-Arnal A. Lack of tissue accumulation of grape seed flavanols after daily long-term administration in healthy and cafeteria-diet obese rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:9996-10003. [PMID: 26496863 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b03856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
After ingestion flavanols are metabolized by phase-II enzymes and the microbiota and are distributed throughout the body depending on several factors. Herein we aim to evaluate whether flavanols are tissue-accumulated after the long-term administration of a grape seed polyphenol extract (GSPE) in rats and to study if compounds present in tissues differ in a cafeteria-diet obesity state. For that, plasma, liver, mesenteric white adipose tissue (MWAT), brain, and aorta flavanol metabolites from standard chow-diet-fed (ST) and cafeteria-diet-fed (CAF) rats were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS) 21 h after the last 12-week-daily GSPE (100 mg/kg) dosage. Results showed that long-term GSPE intake did not trigger a flavanol tissue accumulation, indicating a clearance of products at each daily dosage. Therefore, results suggest that polyphenol benefits in a disease state would be due to a daily pulsatile effect. Moreover, obesity induced by diet also influences the metabolism and bioavailability of flavanols in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Margalef
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona 43003, Spain
| | - Zara Pons
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona 43003, Spain
| | - Lisard Iglesias-Carres
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona 43003, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona 43003, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona 43003, Spain
- Technological Center of Nutrition and Health (CTNS), TECNIO, CEICS , Reus 43204, Spain
| | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Nutrigenomic Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University , Tarragona 43003, Spain
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Advance on the bioactivity and potential applications of dietary fibre from grape pomace. Food Chem 2015; 186:207-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ribas-Latre A, Del Bas JM, Baselga-Escudero L, Casanova E, Arola-Arnal A, Salvadó MJ, Bladé C, Arola L. Dietary proanthocyanidins modulate the rhythm of BMAL1 expression and induce RORα transactivation in HepG2 cells. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Cordero-Herrera I, Martín MA, Goya L, Ramos S. Cocoa flavonoids protect hepatic cells against high-glucose-induced oxidative stress: relevance of MAPKs. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:597-609. [PMID: 25594685 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Oxidative stress plays a main role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cocoa and (-)-epicatechin (EC), a main cocoa flavanol, have been suggested to exert beneficial effects in type 2 diabetes mellitus because of their protective effects against oxidative stress and insulin-like properties. In this study, the protective effect of EC and a cocoa phenolic extract (CPE) against oxidative stress induced by a high-glucose challenge, which causes insulin resistance, was investigated on hepatic HepG2 cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Oxidative status, phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), nuclear factor E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and p-(Ser)-IRS-1 expression, and glucose uptake were evaluated. EC and CPE regulated antioxidant enzymes and activated extracellular-regulated kinase and Nrf2. EC and CPE pre-treatment prevented high-glucose-induced antioxidant defences and p-MAPKs, and maintained Nrf2 stimulation. The presence of selective MAPK inhibitors induced changes in redox status, glucose uptake, p-(Ser)- and total IRS-1 levels that were observed in CPE-mediated protection. CONCLUSION EC and CPE recovered redox status of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells, suggesting that the functionality in EC- and CPE-treated cells was protected against high-glucose-induced oxidative insult. CPE beneficial effects on redox balance and insulin resistance were mediated by targeting MAPKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Cordero-Herrera
- Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Ciudad Universitaria, Madrid, Spain
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