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Casula V, Karjalainen J, Mlynarik V, Liimatainen T, Hanni M, Oei EHG, Nissi MJ, Nieminen MT. Does T1ρ Measure Proteoglycan Concentration in Cartilage? J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:1874-1875. [PMID: 37698287 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Casula
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouni Karjalainen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Vladimir Mlynarik
- Institute for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging in the Musculoskeletal Area, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Timo Liimatainen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Hanni
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Edwin H G Oei
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mikko J Nissi
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Miika T Nieminen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Bae WC, Statum S, Masuda K, Chung CB. T1rho MR properties of human patellar cartilage: correlation with indentation stiffness and biochemical contents. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:649-656. [PMID: 37740079 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cartilage degeneration involves structural, compositional, and biomechanical alterations that may be detected non-invasively using quantitative MRI. The goal of this study was to determine if topographical variation in T1rho values correlates with indentation stiffness and biochemical contents of human patellar cartilage. DESIGN Cadaveric patellae from unilateral knees of 5 donors with moderate degeneration were imaged at 3-Telsa with spiral chopped magnetization preparation T1rho sequence. Indentation testing was performed, followed by biochemical analyses to determine water and sulfated glycosaminoglycan contents. T1rho values were compared to indentation stiffness, using semi-circular regions of interest (ROIs) of varying sizes at each indentation site. ROIs matching the resected tissues were analyzed, and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to compare T1rho values to biochemical contents. RESULTS Grossly, superficial degenerative change of the cartilage (i.e., roughened texture and erosion) corresponded with regions of high T1rho values. High T1rho values correlated with low indentation stiffness, and the strength of correlation varied slightly with the ROI size. Spatial variations in T1rho values correlated positively with that of the water content (R2 = 0.10, p < 0.05) and negatively with the variations in the GAG content (R2 = 0.13, p < 0.01). Multivariate correlation (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.01) was stronger than either of the univariate correlations. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the sensitivity of T1rho values to spatially varying function and composition of cartilage and that the strength of correlation depends on the method of data analysis and consideration of multiple variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won C Bae
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0997, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive MC-114, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
| | - Sheronda Statum
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0997, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive MC-114, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Koichi Masuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0863, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0997, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive MC-114, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
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Kantola V, Karjalainen J, Jaakola T, Leskinen HPP, Nissi MJ, Casula V, Nieminen MT. Anisotropy of T 2 and T 1ρ relaxation time in articular cartilage at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2024. [PMID: 38558167 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The anisotropy of R2 and R1ρ relaxation rates in articular cartilage contains information about the collagenous structure of the tissue. Here we determine and study the anisotropic and isotropic components of T2 and T1ρ relaxation parameters in articular cartilage with a clinical 3T MRI device. Furthermore, a visual representation of the topographical variation in anisotropy is given via anisotropy mapping. METHODS Eight bovine stifle joints were imaged at 22 orientations with respect to the main magnetic field using T2, continuous-wave (CW) T1ρ, and adiabatic T1ρ mapping sequences. Relaxation rates were separated into isotropic and anisotropic relaxation components using a previously established relaxation anisotropy model. Pixel-wise anisotropy values were determined from the relaxation-time maps using Michelson contrast. RESULTS The relaxation rates obtained from the samples displayed notable variation depending on the sample orientation, magnetization preparation, and cartilage layer. R2 demonstrated significant anisotropy, whereas CW-R1ρ (300 Hz) and CW-R1ρ (500 Hz) displayed a low degree of anisotropy. Adiabatic R1ρ was largely isotropic. In the deep cartilage regions, relaxation rates were generally faster and more anisotropic than in the cartilage closer to the tissue surface. The isotropic relaxation rate components were found to have similar values regardless of measurement sequence. CONCLUSIONS The fitted relaxation model for T2 and T1ρ demonstrated varying amounts anisotropy, depending on magnetization preparation, and studied the articular cartilage layer. Anisotropy mapping of full joints showed varying amounts of anisotropy depending on the quantitative MRI parameter and topographical location, and in the case of T2, showed systematic changes in anisotropy across cartilage depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ville Kantola
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouni Karjalainen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Tomi Jaakola
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Henri P P Leskinen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko J Nissi
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Victor Casula
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Miika T Nieminen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Ma Y, Carl M, Tang Q, Moazamian D, Athertya JS, Jang H, Bukata SV, Chung CB, Chang EY, Du J. Whole knee joint mapping using a phase modulated UTE adiabatic T 1ρ (PM-UTE-AdiabT 1ρ ) sequence. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:896-910. [PMID: 37755319 PMCID: PMC10843531 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a 3D phase modulated UTE adiabatic T1ρ (PM-UTE-AdiabT1ρ ) sequence for whole knee joint mapping on a clinical 3 T scanner. METHODS This new sequence includes six major features: (1) a magnetization reset module, (2) a train of adiabatic full passage pulses for spin locking, (3) a phase modulation scheme (i.e., RF cycling pair), (4) a fat saturation module, (5) a variable flip angle scheme, and (6) a 3D UTE Cones sequence for data acquisition. A simple exponential fitting was used for T1ρ quantification. Phantom studies were performed to investigate PM-UTE-AdiabT1ρ 's sensitivity to compositional changes and reproducibility as well as its correlation with continuous wave-T1ρ measurement. The PM-UTE-AdiabT1ρ technique was then applied to five ex vivo and five in vivo normal knees to measure T1ρ values of femoral cartilage, meniscus, posterior cruciate ligament, anterior cruciate ligament, patellar tendon, and muscle. RESULTS The phantom study demonstrated PM-UTE-AdiabT1ρ 's high sensitivity to compositional changes, its high reproducibility, and its strong linear correlation with continuous wave-T1ρ measurement. The ex vivo and in vivo knee studies demonstrated average T1ρ values of 105.6 ± 8.4 and 77.9 ± 3.9 ms for the femoral cartilage, 39.2 ± 5.1 and 30.1 ± 2.2 ms for the meniscus, 51.6 ± 5.3 and 29.2 ± 2.4 ms for the posterior cruciate ligament, 79.0 ± 9.3 and 52.0 ± 3.1 ms for the anterior cruciate ligament, 19.8 ± 4.5 and 17.0 ± 1.8 ms for the patellar tendon, and 91.1 ± 8.8 and 57.6 ± 2.8 ms for the muscle, respectively. CONCLUSION The 3D PM-UTE-AdiabT1ρ sequence allows volumetric T1ρ assessment for both short and long T2 tissues in the knee joint on a clinical 3 T scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Qingbo Tang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
| | - Dina Moazamian
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiyo S Athertya
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Susan V Bukata
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, CA, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, CA, USA
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Nosrat C, Gao KT, Bhattacharjee R, Pedoia V, Koff MF, Gold GE, Potter HG, Majumdar S. Multiparametric MRI of Knees in Collegiate Basketball Players: Associations With Morphological Abnormalities and Functional Deficits. Orthop J Sports Med 2023; 11:23259671231216490. [PMID: 38107843 PMCID: PMC10722938 DOI: 10.1177/23259671231216490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Rates of cartilage degeneration in asymptomatic elite basketball players are significantly higher compared with the general population due to excessive loads on the knee. Compositional quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) techniques can identify local biochemical changes of macromolecules observed in cartilage degeneration. Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to utilize multiparametric qMRI to (1) quantify how T1ρ and T2 relaxation times differ based on the presence of anatomic abnormalities and (2) correlate T1ρ and T2 with self-reported functional deficits. It was hypothesized that prolonged relaxation times will be associated with knees with MRI-graded abnormalities and knees belonging to basketball players with greater self-reported functional deficits. Study Design Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods A total of 75 knees from National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I basketball players (40 female, 35 male) were included in this multicenter study. All players completed the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and had bilateral knee MRI scans taken. T1ρ and T2 were calculated on a voxel-by-voxel basis. The cartilage surfaces were segmented into 6 compartments: lateral femoral condyle, lateral tibia, medial femoral condyle, medial tibia (MT), patella (PAT), and trochlea (TRO). Lesions from the MRI scans were graded for imaging abnormalities, and statistical parametric mapping was performed to study cross-sectional differences based on MRI scan grading of anatomic knee abnormalities. Pearson partial correlations between relaxation times and KOOS subscore values were computed, obtaining r value statistical parametric mappings and P value clusters. Results Knees without patellar tendinosis displayed significantly higher T1ρ in the PAT compared with those with patellar tendinosis (average percentage difference, 10.4%; P = .02). Significant prolongation of T1ρ was observed in the MT, TRO, and PAT of knees without compared with those with quadriceps tendinosis (average percentage difference, 12.7%, 13.3%, and 13.4%, respectively; P ≤ .05). A weak correlation was found between the KOOS-Symptoms subscale values and T1ρ/T2. Conclusion Certain tissues that bear the brunt of impact developed tendinosis but spared cartilage degeneration. Whereas participants reported minimal functional deficits, their high-impact activities resulted in structural damage that may lead to osteoarthritis after their collegiate careers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Nosrat
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kenneth T. Gao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rupsa Bhattacharjee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Valentina Pedoia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew F. Koff
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Garry E. Gold
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Hollis G. Potter
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Sharmila Majumdar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Bae WC, Malis V, Kassai Y, Miyazaki M. 3D T1rho sequences with FASE, UTE, and MAPSS acquisitions for knee evaluation. Jpn J Radiol 2023; 41:1308-1315. [PMID: 37247122 DOI: 10.1007/s11604-023-01453-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE For biochemical evaluation of soft tissues of the knee, T1rho magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed. Purpose of this study was to compare three T1rho sequences based on fast advanced spin echo (FASE), ultrashort echo time (UTE), and magnetization-prepared angle-modulated partitioned k-space spoiled gradient echo snapshots (MAPSS) acquisitions for the knee evaluation. MATERIALS AND METHODS We developed two T1rho sequences using 3D FASE or 3D radial UTE acquisitions. 3D MAPSS T1rho was provided by the manufacturer. Agarose phantoms with varying concentrations were imaged. Additionally, bilateral knees of asymptomatic subjects were imaged sagittally. T1rho values of the phantoms and 4 regions of interest (ROI) of the knees (i.e., anterior and posterior meniscus, femoral and tibial cartilage) were determined. RESULTS In phantoms, all T1rho values monotonically decreased with increasing agarose concentration. 3D MAPSS T1rho values of 51, 34, and 38 ms were found for 2, 3, and 4% agarose, respectively, similar to published values on another platform. In the knee, the raw images were detailed with good contrast. Cartilage and meniscus T1rho values varied with the pulse sequence, being the lowest in the 3D UTE T1rho sequence. Comparing different ROIs, menisci generally had lower T1rho values compared to cartilage, as expected in healthy knees. CONCLUSION We have successfully developed and implemented the new T1rho sequences and validated them using agarose phantoms and volunteer knees. All sequences were optimized to be clinically feasible (~ 5 min or less) and yielded satisfactory image quality and T1rho values consistent with the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won C Bae
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Vadim Malis
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Mitsue Miyazaki
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Jerban S, Afsahi AM, Ma Y, Moazamian D, Statum S, Lombardi AF, Kakos L, Dorthe E, Dlima D, Du J, Chung CB, Chang EY. Correlations between elastic modulus and ultrashort echo time (UTE) adiabatic T1ρ relaxation time (UTE-Adiab-T1ρ) in Achilles tendons and entheses. J Biomech 2023; 160:111825. [PMID: 37856976 PMCID: PMC10991081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Patients with psoriatic arthritis commonly have abnormalities of their entheses, which are the connections between tendons and bone. There are shortcomings with the use of conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences for the evaluation of entheses and tendons, whereas ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequences are superior for the detection of high signals, and can also be used for non-invasive quantitative assessments of these structures. The combination of UTE-MRI with an adiabatic-T1ρ preparation (UTE-Adiab-T1ρ) allows for reliable assessment of entheses and tendons with decreased susceptibility to detrimental magic angle effects. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between quantitative UTE-MRI measures and the biomechanical properties of Achilles tendons and entheses. In total, 28 tendon-enthesis sections were harvested from 11 fresh-frozen human cadaveric foot-ankle specimens (52 ± years old). Tendon-enthesis sections were scanned using the UTE-Adiab-T1ρ and UTE-T1 sequences on a clinical 3 T scanner. MRI-based measures and indentation tests were performed on the enthesis, transitional, and tensile tendon zones of the specimens. Hayes' elastic modulus showed significant inverse correlations (Spearman's) with UTE-Adiab-T1ρ in all zones (R= - 0.46, - 0.54, and - 0.61 in enthesis, transition, and tensile tendon zones, respectively). Oliver-Pharr's elastic modulus showed significant inverse correlations with UTE-Adiab-T1ρ in transition (R= - 0.52) and tensile tendon zone (R=- 0.60). UTE-T1 did not show significant correlations with the elastic modulus. UTE-MRI and elastic modulus were significantly lower in the tensile tendon compared with the enthesis regions This study highlights the potential of the UTE-Adiab-T1ρ technique for the non-invasive evaluation of tendons and enthuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Amir Masoud Afsahi
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Dina Moazamian
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sheronda Statum
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alecio F Lombardi
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lena Kakos
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erik Dorthe
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Daryll Dlima
- Shiley Center for Orthopaedic Research and Education at Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Zhang M, Liu C, Lin H, Wang H, Qin L, Zhang Z, Liu C, Lu Y, Yan F, Zhang Y, Wei H. Age-Related Changes in the Spatial Variation of Magnetic Susceptibility of Human Articular Cartilage. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 58:198-207. [PMID: 36322382 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has shown great potential for revealing the layer structure of articular cartilage based on the laminar susceptibility difference at different depths. However, more information is needed on the effects of age on the spatial distribution of magnetic susceptibility in human cartilage. PURPOSE To assess the ability of QSM to quantify the age-related differences in depth-wise cartilage susceptibility values in healthy populations. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION A total of 94 healthy asymptomatic subjects in three age cohorts: 19-30 (n = 36, 20 males), 31-50 (n = 45, 27 males), and 51-66 years (n = 13, 7 males). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3D gradient echo sequences at 3.0 T. ASSESSMENT Four cartilage compartments were analyzed, including the central lateral/medial femur (cLF/cMF) and the lateral/medial tibia (LT/MT). The spatial susceptibility profile and the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of each age cohort were obtained as functions of the normalized distance from the bone-cartilage interface to the cartilage surface (cartilage depth from 0.0 to 1.0). STATISTICAL TESTS The relationship between age and cartilage thickness of each cartilage subregion was tested by Pearson correlation with P < 0.05 considered significant. Cartilage depths with separations of 95% CIs were considered to have significant susceptibility differences between two age cohorts with a Bonferroni-corrected P < 0.05. RESULTS The cartilage thickness did not change significantly with age (P value range: 0.06-0.85). Susceptibilities were significantly higher in the 51-66-year-olds compared with the 31-50-year-olds in the deep layer of cMF (cartilage depth: 0.0-0.22) and LT (0.05-0.28). Susceptibilities were significantly higher in the 51-66-year-olds compared with the 19-30-year-olds near the cartilage-bone interface of cMF (0.0-0.34), cLF (0.0-0.28), and LT (0.0-0.58). There were also significantly higher susceptibilities in the 31-50-year-olds compared with the 19-30-year-olds in the deeper regions of cMF (0.26-0.57), cLF (0.0-0.40), and LT (0.07-0.80). DATA CONCLUSION Age-related susceptibility changes in the deeper regions of knee cartilage were observed using QSM. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenglei Liu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Lin
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanqi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Qin
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyao Zhang
- School of Information and Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Burstein D, Mitchell R, Brown E, Gray ML. Supplemental educational program to heighten the impact of research - an opportunity for OA imaging. OSTEOARTHRITIS IMAGING 2023; 3:100155. [PMID: 37799979 PMCID: PMC10552445 DOI: 10.1016/j.ostima.2023.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To develop and evaluate a supplementary educational program ("IMPACT") centered on enabling participants to consider specifically and articulate explicitly the best path for and potential impact of their research. Design Participants (trainees) and faculty mentors were from all areas of biomedical research. The group worked longitudinally in small, rotating groups, through a process of developing a written statement ("Impact Statement"), an overview ("Impact Storyline") and an oral presentation ("Impact Case") of their work. Results One hundred and eighty-seven Fellows enrolled in the program. Of the 179 (96%) Fellows who completed the program, 159 (89%) responded to a post-program survey; 94% indicated that IMPACT was a significant learning experience, 89% indicated that they were more able to identify the long-term potential of their research, 95% felt more able to talk about their work to diverse audiences. Conclusion This voluntary educational program was appreciated by the participants and led to increased confidence in their ability to drive their science towards a clear impact and communicating that potential to others. This type of program may aid in redirecting some of the efforts and resources of imaging in OA from the large focus on technical developments to more direct biological and clinical questions which might be resolved with current technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Burstein
- Associate Professor, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rudolph Mitchell
- Associate Director for Research and Evaluation in the Teaching + Learning Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emery Brown
- Edward Hood Taplin Professor of Computational Neuroscience and Health Sciences and Technology, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Martha L. Gray
- J.W. Kieckefer Professor of Medical and Electrical Engineering, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
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Su F, Tong MW, Lansdown DA, Luke A, Ma CB, Feeley BT, Majumdar S, Zhang AL. Leukocyte-Poor Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections Improve Cartilage T1ρ and T2 and Patient-Reported Outcomes in Mild-to-Moderate Knee Osteoarthritis. Arthrosc Sports Med Rehabil 2023; 5:e817-e825. [PMID: 37388893 PMCID: PMC10300591 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmr.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To use T1ρ and T2 magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the effect of leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) injections on knee cartilage health and to correlate structural changes with patient-reported outcome measurements. Methods Ten patients with symptomatic unilateral mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence Grade 1-2) underwent T1ρ and T2 magnetic resonance imaging of both the symptomatic and contralateral knee before injection and 6 months after injection with LP-PRP. Patient-reported outcome questionnaires (Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score and International Knee Documentation Committee) that evaluate the domains of pain, symptoms, activities of daily living, sports function, and quality of life were completed at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after injection. T1ρ and T2 relaxation times, which are correlated with the proteoglycan and collagen concentration of cartilage, were measured in compartments with and without chondral lesions. Results Ten patients were prospectively enrolled (9 female, 1 male) with a mean age of 52.9 years (range, 42-68) years and mean body mass index of 23.2 ± 1.9. Significant increases in Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for all subscales and International Knee Documentation Committee scores were observed 3 months after injection and the improvements were sustained at 12 months. T1ρ and T2 values of compartments with chondral lesions were observed to significantly decrease by 6.0% (P = .036) and 7.1% (P = .017) 6 months after LP-PRP injection, respectively. No significant associations between T1ρ and T2 relaxation times and improvement in patient-reported outcomes were observed. Conclusions Patients undergoing LP-PRP injections for the treatment of mild-to-moderate knee osteoarthritis had increased proteoglycan and collagen deposition in the cartilage of affected compartments by 6 months after injection. Patient-reported outcomes scores improved 3 months after injection and were sustained through 1 year after injection, but these improvements were not associated with the changes in proteoglycan and collagen deposition in knee cartilage. Level of Evidence Level II, prospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Favian Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Michelle W. Tong
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Drew A. Lansdown
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Anthony Luke
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - C. Benjamin Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Brian T. Feeley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Sharmila Majumdar
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
| | - Alan L. Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, U.S.A
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11
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Tolkkinen K, Mailhiot SE, Selent A, Mankinen O, Henschel H, Nieminen MT, Hanni M, Kantola AM, Liimatainen T, Telkki VV. SPICY: a method for single scan rotating frame relaxometry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13164-13169. [PMID: 37129427 PMCID: PMC10171246 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp05988f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
T 1ρ is an NMR relaxation mode that is sensitive to low frequency molecular motions, making it an especially valuable tool in biomolecular research. Here, we introduce a new method, SPICY, for measuring T1ρ relaxation times. In contrast to conventional T1ρ experiments, in which the sequence is repeated many times to determine the T1ρ time, the SPICY sequence allows determination of T1ρ within a single scan, shortening the experiment time remarkably. We demonstrate the method using 1H T1ρ relaxation dispersion experiments. Additionally, we combine the sequence with spatial encoding to produce 1D images in a single scan. We show that T1ρ relaxation times obtained using the single scan approach are in good agreement with those obtained using the traditional experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Selent
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Otto Mankinen
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Henning Henschel
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Miika T Nieminen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Hanni
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anu M Kantola
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Timo Liimatainen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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12
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Martel-Pelletier J, Paiement P, Pelletier JP. Magnetic resonance imaging assessments for knee segmentation and their use in combination with machine/deep learning as predictors of early osteoarthritis diagnosis and prognosis. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis 2023; 15:1759720X231165560. [PMID: 37151912 PMCID: PMC10155034 DOI: 10.1177/1759720x231165560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent and disabling disease that can develop over decades. This disease is heterogeneous and involves structural changes in the whole joint, encompassing multiple tissue types. Detecting OA before the onset of irreversible changes is crucial for early management, and this could be achieved by allowing knee tissue visualization and quantifying their changes over time. Although some imaging modalities are available for knee structure assessment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is preferred. This narrative review looks at existing literature, first on MRI-developed approaches for evaluating knee articular tissues, and second on prediction using machine/deep-learning-based methodologies and MRI as input or outcome for early OA diagnosis and prognosis. A substantial number of MRI methodologies have been developed to assess several knee tissues in a semi-quantitative and quantitative fashion using manual, semi-automated and fully automated systems. This dynamic field has grown substantially since the advent of machine/deep learning. Another active area is predictive modelling using machine/deep-learning methodologies enabling robust early OA diagnosis/prognosis. Moreover, incorporating MRI markers as input/outcome in such predictive models is important for a more accurate OA structural diagnosis/prognosis. The main limitation of their usage is the ability to move them in rheumatology practice. In conclusion, MRI knee tissue determination and quantification provide early indicators for individuals at high risk of developing this disease or for patient prognosis. Such assessment of knee tissues, combined with the development of models/tools from machine/deep learning using, in addition to other parameters, MRI markers for early diagnosis/prognosis, will maximize opportunities for individualized risk assessment for use in clinical practice permitting precision medicine. Future efforts should be made to integrate such prediction models into open access, allowing early disease management to prevent or delay the OA outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne Martel-Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of
Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), 900 Saint-Denis, R11.412B,
Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Patrice Paiement
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of
Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-Pierre Pelletier
- Osteoarthritis Research Unit, University of
Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada
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13
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Roach KE, Souza RB, Majumdar S, Pedoia V. Local Patterns in 2-Year T 1ρ and T 2 Changes of Hip Cartilage Are Related to Sex and Functional Data: A Prospective Evaluation on Hip Osteoarthritis Participants. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:1042-1053. [PMID: 35852477 PMCID: PMC9849484 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although T1ρ and T2 have emerged as early indicators for hip osteoarthritis (OA), there is little information regarding longitudinal changes across the cartilage in the early stages of this disease. PURPOSE To characterize the variability in 2-year hip cartilage T1ρ and T2 changes and investigate associations between these patterns of change and common indicators of hip OA. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION A total of 25 women (age: 51.9 ± 16.3 years old; BMI: 22.6 ± 2.0 kg/m2 ) and 17 men (age: 55.8 ± 14.9 years old; body mass index (BMI): 24.4 ± 3.8 kg/m2 ) who were healthy or with early-to-moderate hip OA. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A 3 T MRI (GE), 3D combined T1ρ /T2 magnetization-prepared angle-modulated partitioned k-space spoiled gradient echo snapshots. ASSESSMENT Principal component (PC) analysis of Z-score difference maps of 2-year changes in hip cartilage T1ρ and T2 relaxation times, participant hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome scores (HOOS) and functional tests at 2-year follow-up. STATISTICAL TESTS Shapiro-Wilk test, unpaired t-tests, Kruskal Wallis tests, Pearson or Spearman (ρ) correlations. Significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Women (-6.40 ± 14.48) had significantly lower T1ρ PC1 scores than men (10.05 ± 26.15). T1ρ PC4 was significantly correlated with HOOSsport , HOOSsymptoms , HOOSpain , HOOSadl , and HOOSqol at 2-year follow-up (ρ: [0.36, 0.50]). T1ρ PC2 and PC4 were significantly correlated with 30-second chair test (ρ = -0.39 and ρ = 0.24, respectively) and side plank (ρ = -0.32 and ρ = 0.21). T1ρ and T2 PC2 were significantly correlated with 40 m walk test (ρ = 0.34 and ρ = 0.31) and 30-second chair rise test (ρ = -0.39 and ρ = -0.32). DATA CONCLUSION Men exhibited accelerated T1ρ increases across the femoral cartilage compared to women, suggesting sex should be considered when evaluating early hip OA. Participants with poorer HOOS and function exhibited greater T1ρ and T2 increases in superior and anterior femoral cartilage and greater T1ρ increases in the anterior femoral cartilage. These patterns of short-term relaxometry increases could indicate hip OA progression. EVIDENCE LEVEL 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koren E. Roach
- University of California – San Francisco, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging
| | - Richard B. Souza
- University of California – San Francisco, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging
- University of California – San Francisco, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science
| | - Sharmila Majumdar
- University of California – San Francisco, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging
- University of California – San Francisco, Center for Intelligent Imaging
| | - Valentina Pedoia
- University of California – San Francisco, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging
- University of California – San Francisco, Center for Intelligent Imaging
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14
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Elsayed H, Karjalainen J, Nissi MJ, Ketola J, Kajabi AW, Casula V, Zbýň Š, Nieminen MT, Hanni M. Assessing post-traumatic changes in cartilage using T 1ρ dispersion parameters. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 97:91-101. [PMID: 36610648 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of cartilage can be studied non-invasively with quantitative MRI. A promising parameter for detecting early osteoarthritis in articular cartilage is T1ρ, which can be tuned via the amplitude of the spin-lock pulse. By measuring T1ρ at several spin-lock amplitudes, the dispersion of T1ρ is obtained. The aim of this study is to find out if the dispersion contains diagnostically relevant information complementary to a T1ρ measurement at a single spin-lock amplitude. To this end, five differently acquired dispersion parameters are utilized; A, B, τc, T1ρ/T2, and R2 - R1ρ. An open dataset of an equine model of post-traumatic cartilage was utilized to assess the T1ρ dispersion parameters for the evaluation of cartilage degeneration. Firstly, the parameters were compared for their sensitivity in detecting degenerative changes. Secondly, the relationship of the dispersion parameters to histological and biomechanical reference parameters was studied. Parameters A, T1ρ/T2, and R2 - R1ρ were found to be sensitive to lesion-induced changes in the cartilage within sample. Strong correlations of several dispersion parameters with optical density, as well as with collagen fibril angle were found. Most of the dispersion parameters correlated strongly with individual T1ρ values. The results suggest that dispersion parameters can in some cases provide a more accurate description of the biochemical composition of cartilage as compared to conventional MRI parameters. However, in most cases the information given by the dispersion parameters is more of a refinement than complementary to conventional quantitative MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassaan Elsayed
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jouni Karjalainen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko J Nissi
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juuso Ketola
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Abdul Wahed Kajabi
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Victor Casula
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Štefan Zbýň
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Miika T Nieminen
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Matti Hanni
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O.Box 5000, 90014 Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
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15
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Lee W, Miller EY, Zhu H, Luetkemeyer CM, Schneider SE, Neu CP. High frame rate deformation analysis of knee cartilage by spiral dualMRI and relaxation mapping. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:694-709. [PMID: 36300860 PMCID: PMC10017275 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Daily activities including walking impose high-frequency cyclic forces on cartilage and repetitive compressive deformation. Analyzing cartilage deformation during walking would provide spatial maps of displacement and strain and enable viscoelastic characterization, which may serve as imaging biomarkers for early cartilage degeneration when the damage is still reversible. However, the time-dependent biomechanics of cartilage is not well described, and how defects in the joint impact the viscoelastic response is unclear. METHODS We used spiral acquisition with displacement-encoding MRI to quantify displacement and strain maps at a high frame rate (25 frames/s) in tibiofemoral joints. We also employed relaxometry methods (T1 , T1ρ , T2 , T2 *) on the cartilage. RESULTS Normal and shear strains were concentrated on the bovine tibiofemoral contact area during loading, and the defected joint exhibited larger compressive strains. We also determined a positive correlation between the change of T1ρ in cartilage after cyclic loading and increased compressive strain on the defected joint. Viscoelastic behavior was quantified by the time-dependent displacement, where the damaged joint showed increased creep behavior compared to the intact joint. This technique was also successfully demonstrated on an in vivo human knee showing the gradual change of displacement during varus load. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that spiral scanning with displacement encoding can quantitatively differentiate the damaged from intact joint using the strain and creep response. The viscoelastic response identified with this methodology could serve as biomarkers to detect defects in joints in vivo and facilitate the early diagnosis of joint diseases such as osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woowon Lee
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Emily Y. Miller
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Hongtian Zhu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Callan M. Luetkemeyer
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Stephanie E. Schneider
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Corey P. Neu
- Paul M. Rady Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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16
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Pala S, Hänninen NE, Nykänen O, Liimatainen T, Nissi MJ. New methods for robust continuous wave T 1ρ relaxation preparation. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4834. [PMID: 36115012 PMCID: PMC10078184 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of the longitudinal relaxation time in the rotating frame of reference (T1ρ ) is sensitive to the fidelity of the main imaging magnetic field (B0 ) and that of the RF pulse (B1 ). The purpose of this study was to introduce methods for producing continuous wave (CW) T1ρ contrast with improved robustness against field inhomogeneities and to compare the sensitivities of several existing and the novel T1ρ contrast generation methods with the B0 and B1 field inhomogeneities. Four hard-pulse and four adiabatic CW-T1ρ magnetization preparations were investigated. Bloch simulations and experimental measurements at different spin-lock amplitudes under ideal and non-ideal conditions, as well as theoretical analysis of the hard-pulse preparations, were conducted to assess the sensitivity of the methods to field inhomogeneities, at low (ω1 << ΔB0 ) and high (ω1 >> ΔB0 ) spin-locking field strengths. In simulations, previously reported single-refocus and new triple-refocus hard-pulse and double-refocus adiabatic preparation schemes were found to be the most robust. The mean normalized absolute deviation between the experimentally measured relaxation times under ideal and non-ideal conditions was found to be smallest for the refocused preparation schemes and broadly in agreement with the sensitivities observed in simulations. Experimentally, all refocused preparations performed better than those that were non-refocused. The findings promote the use of the previously reported hard-pulse single-refocus ΔB0 and B1 insensitive T1ρ as a robust method with minimal RF energy deposition. The double-refocus adiabatic B1 insensitive rotation-4 CW-T1ρ preparation offers further improved insensitivity to field variations, but because of the extra RF deposition, may be preferred for ex vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Pala
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Nina E. Hänninen
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Olli Nykänen
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Timo Liimatainen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
- Department of RadiologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Mikko J. Nissi
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
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17
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Ma Y, Jang H, Jerban S, Chang EY, Chung CB, Bydder GM, Du J. Making the invisible visible-ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging: Technical developments and applications. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 9:041303. [PMID: 36467869 PMCID: PMC9677812 DOI: 10.1063/5.0086459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses a large magnetic field and radio waves to generate images of tissues in the body. Conventional MRI techniques have been developed to image and quantify tissues and fluids with long transverse relaxation times (T2s), such as muscle, cartilage, liver, white matter, gray matter, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid. However, the body also contains many tissues and tissue components such as the osteochondral junction, menisci, ligaments, tendons, bone, lung parenchyma, and myelin, which have short or ultrashort T2s. After radio frequency excitation, their transverse magnetizations typically decay to zero or near zero before the receiving mode is enabled for spatial encoding with conventional MR imaging. As a result, these tissues appear dark, and their MR properties are inaccessible. However, when ultrashort echo times (UTEs) are used, signals can be detected from these tissues before they decay to zero. This review summarizes recent technical developments in UTE MRI of tissues with short and ultrashort T2 relaxation times. A series of UTE MRI techniques for high-resolution morphological and quantitative imaging of these short-T2 tissues are discussed. Applications of UTE imaging in the musculoskeletal, nervous, respiratory, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems of the body are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Graeme M Bydder
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California 92037, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel.: (858) 246-2248, Fax: (858) 246-2221
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18
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Kim JS, Borges S, Clauw DJ, Conaghan PG, Felson DT, Fleming TR, Glaser R, Hart E, Hochberg M, Kim Y, Kraus VB, Lapteva L, Li X, Majumdar S, McAlindon TE, Mobasheri A, Neogi T, Roemer FW, Rothwell R, Shibuya R, Siegel J, Simon LS, Spindler KP, Nikolov NP. FDA/Arthritis Foundation osteoarthritis drug development workshop recap: Assessment of long-term benefit. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2022; 56:152070. [PMID: 35870222 PMCID: PMC9452453 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize proceedings of a workshop convened to discuss the current state of science in the disease of osteoarthritis (OA), identify the knowledge gaps, and examine the developmental and regulatory challenges in bringing these products to market. DESIGN Summary of the one-day workshop held virtually on June 22nd, 2021. RESULTS Speakers selected by the Planning Committee presented data on the current approach to assessment of OA therapies, biomarkers in OA drug development, and the assessment of disease progression and long-term benefit. CONCLUSIONS Demonstrated by numerous failed clinical trials, OA is a challenging disease for which to develop therapeutics. The challenge is magnified by the slow time of onset of disease and the need for clinical trials of long duration and/or large sample size to demonstrate the effect of an intervention. The OA science community, including academia, pharmaceutical companies, regulatory agencies, and patient communities, must continue to develop and test better clinical endpoints that meaningfully reflect disease modification related to long-term patient benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Kim
- The Arthritis Foundation, 1355 Peachtree St NE, Suite 600, Atlanta, GA 30309, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rachel Glaser
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Marc Hochberg
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yura Kim
- US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Tuhina Neogi
- Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Wu M, Ma YJ, Liu M, Xue Y, Gong L, Wei Z, Jerban S, Jang H, Chang DG, Chang EY, Ma L, Du J. Quantitative assessment of articular cartilage degeneration using 3D ultrashort echo time cones adiabatic T 1ρ (3D UTE-Cones-AdiabT 1ρ) imaging. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:6178-6186. [PMID: 35357540 PMCID: PMC9388581 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08722-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate articular cartilage degeneration using quantitative three-dimensional ultrashort-echo-time cones adiabatic-T1ρ (3D UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ) imaging. METHODS Sixty-six human subjects were recruited for this study. Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grade and Whole-Organ Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging Score (WORMS) were evaluated by two musculoskeletal radiologists. The human subjects were categorized into three groups, namely normal controls (KL0), doubtful-minimal osteoarthritis (OA) (KL1-2), and moderate-severe OA (KL3-4). WORMS were regrouped to encompass the extent of lesions and the depth of lesions. The UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ values were obtained using 3D UTE-Cones data acquisitions preceded by seven paired adiabatic full passage pulses that corresponded to seven spin-locking times (TSLs) of 0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 ms. The performance of the UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ technique in evaluating the degeneration of knee cartilage was assessed via the ANOVA comparisons with subregional analysis and Spearman's correlation coefficient as well as the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ showed significant positive correlations with KL grade (r = 0.15, p < 0.05) and WORMS (r = 0.57, p < 0.05). Higher UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ values were observed in both larger and deeper lesions in the cartilage. The differences in UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ values among different extent and depth groups of cartilage lesions were all statistically significant (p < 0.05). Subregional analyses showed that the correlations between UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ and WORMS varied with the location of cartilage. The AUC value of UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ for mild cartilage degeneration (WORMS=1) was 0.8. The diagnostic threshold value of UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ for mild cartilage degeneration was 39.4 ms with 80.8% sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The 3D UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ sequence can be useful in quantitative evaluation of articular cartilage degeneration. KEY POINTS • The 3D UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ sequence can distinguish mild cartilage degeneration from normal cartilage with a diagnostic threshold value of 39.4 ms for mild cartilage degeneration with 80.8% sensitivity. • Higher UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ values were observed in both larger and deeper lesions in the articular cartilage. • UTE-Cones-AdiabT1ρ is a promising biomarker for quantitative evaluation of early cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ya-Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Mouyuan Liu
- Imaging Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanping Xue
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Lillian Gong
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Douglas G Chang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Liheng Ma
- Imaging Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9452 Medical Center Dr., San Diego, CA, 92037, USA.
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20
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Lye TH, Gachouch O, Renner L, Elezkurtaj S, Cash H, Messroghli D, Raum K, Mamou J. Quantitative Ultrasound Assessment of Early Osteoarthritis in Human Articular Cartilage Using a High-Frequency Linear Array Transducer. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:1429-1440. [PMID: 35537895 PMCID: PMC9246887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) assessment of osteoarthritis (OA) using high-frequency, research-grade single-element ultrasound systems has been reported. The objective of this ex vivo study was to assess the performance of QUS in detecting early OA using a high-frequency linear array transducer. Osteochondral plugs (n = 26) of human articular cartilage were scanned with ExactVu Micro-Ultrasound using an EV29L side-fire transducer. For comparison, the samples were also imaged with SAM200Ex, a custom 40-MHz scanning acoustic microscope with a single-element, focused transducer. Thirteen QUS parameters were derived from the ultrasound data. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, with T1 and T2 extracted as the quantitative parameters, were also acquired for comparison. Cartilage degeneration was graded from histology and correlated to all quantitative parameters. A maximum Spearman rank correlation coefficient (ρ) of 0.75 was achieved using a combination of ExactVu QUS parameters, while a maximum ρ of 0.62 was achieved using a combination of parameters from SAM200Ex. A maximum ρ of 0.75 was achieved using the T1 and T2 MRI parameters. This study illustrates the potential of a high-frequency linear array transducer to provide a convenient method for early OA screening with results comparable to those of research-grade single-element ultrasound and MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa H Lye
- Frederic L. Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research, New York, New York, USA
| | - Omar Gachouch
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lisa Renner
- Centrum für Muskuloskeletale Chirurgie (CMSC), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sefer Elezkurtaj
- Institut für Pathologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hannes Cash
- Department of Urology, Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany and PROURO, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Messroghli
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin and Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kay Raum
- Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan Mamou
- Frederic L. Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research, New York, New York, USA.
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21
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Yamasaki T, Ogawa M, Okamura K, Inagaki Y, Tanaka Y. A pilot study with 3D T1ρ-mapping for quantitative evaluation of cartilage after open-wedge high tibial osteotomy. Eur J Radiol 2022; 151:110308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Nieminen MT, Casula V, Nissi MJ. Compositional MRI of articular cartilage - current status and the way forward. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:633-635. [PMID: 35093515 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M T Nieminen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.
| | - V Casula
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - M J Nissi
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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23
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Feng L, Ma D, Liu F. Rapid MR relaxometry using deep learning: An overview of current techniques and emerging trends. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4416. [PMID: 33063400 PMCID: PMC8046845 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative mapping of MR tissue parameters such as the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1 ), the spin-spin relaxation time (T2 ), and the spin-lattice relaxation in the rotating frame (T1ρ ), referred to as MR relaxometry in general, has demonstrated improved assessment in a wide range of clinical applications. Compared with conventional contrast-weighted (eg T1 -, T2 -, or T1ρ -weighted) MRI, MR relaxometry provides increased sensitivity to pathologies and delivers important information that can be more specific to tissue composition and microenvironment. The rise of deep learning in the past several years has been revolutionizing many aspects of MRI research, including image reconstruction, image analysis, and disease diagnosis and prognosis. Although deep learning has also shown great potential for MR relaxometry and quantitative MRI in general, this research direction has been much less explored to date. The goal of this paper is to discuss the applications of deep learning for rapid MR relaxometry and to review emerging deep-learning-based techniques that can be applied to improve MR relaxometry in terms of imaging speed, image quality, and quantification robustness. The paper is comprised of an introduction and four more sections. Section 2 describes a summary of the imaging models of quantitative MR relaxometry. In Section 3, we review existing "classical" methods for accelerating MR relaxometry, including state-of-the-art spatiotemporal acceleration techniques, model-based reconstruction methods, and efficient parameter generation approaches. Section 4 then presents how deep learning can be used to improve MR relaxometry and how it is linked to conventional techniques. The final section concludes the review by discussing the promise and existing challenges of deep learning for rapid MR relaxometry and potential solutions to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Feng
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute and Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts
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24
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[Low-field magnetic resonance imaging : Just less expensive or completely different?]. Radiologe 2022; 62:385-393. [PMID: 35258684 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-022-00977-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the years the development of field strength in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has continued to increase from the low-field systems in the early years (0.2-0.5 T) to 1.5 T to 3 T to 7 T and more. In the last 2 years, there has been a renewed interest in MRI at lower fields, mainly driven by the development of "dry" superconductive magnets. The following article demonstrates that this renewed interest for lower fields is not a déjà vu purely driven by economic needs. The field strength appears to be from yesterday, but the combination with the tremendous improvements and innovations of all relevant components-gradients, radiofrequency system and especially new algorithms including the use of artificial intelligence (AI)-allow the realization of diagnostically adequate MRI without compromise in patient throughput and efficiency. In addition to the lower field, there are also some inherent advantages, e.g., for MRI of the lung and of metallic implants and especially for interventional MRI. It has already been shown that many of the devices used for interventional procedures (catheters, biopsy needles) can be used at lower fields without costly modifications. In addition, low-field MRI also allows the robust use of highly efficient sampling methods like spiral MRI. It is therefore safe to predict that low-field MRI is not only a cost-efficient compromise, but has the potential to open up new fields of application.
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25
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Shao H, Yang J, Ma Y, Su X, Tang G, Jiang J, Du J, Liu J. Evaluation of cartilage degeneration using multiparametric quantitative ultrashort echo time-based MRI: an ex vivo study. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:1738-1749. [PMID: 35284286 PMCID: PMC8899946 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quantitative MR techniques developed rapidly, vary MR-biomarkers have shown the ability to assess the quality of articular cartilage. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of multi-parametric quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE)-based MRI for evaluating human cartilage degeneration. METHODS Twenty fresh anterolateral femoral condyle samples were obtained from 20 patients (age, 58.8±6.6 years; 6 females) who underwent total knee arthroplasty due to primary osteoarthritis (OA). The samples were imaged using UTE-based magnetization transfer (UTE-MT), UTE-based adiabatic T1ρ (UTE-AdiabT1ρ), UTE-based T2* (UTE-T2*), and CubeQuant-T2 sequences. Cartilage degeneration was classified based on the OA Research Society International grade and polarized light microscopy (PLM) collagen organization score. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to determine the relationships between quantitative MRI biomarkers [UTE-MT ratio (UTE-MTR), UTE-AdiabT1ρ, UTE-T2*, and CubeQuant-T2], OA Research Society International grade, and PLM collagen organization score. The diagnostic efficacy of each MRI biomarker for the detection of mild cartilage degeneration was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). RESULTS Of the quantitative MRI biomarkers, UTE-MTR had the strongest correlation with both OA Research Society International grade (r=-0.709, P<0.001) and PLM collagen organization score (r=0.579, P<0.001). The UTE-MTR and UTE-AdiabT1ρ values showed significant differences between the normal group and the mild degeneration group (P=0.047 and 0.015, respectively), while UTE-T2* and CubeQuant-T2 did not. The UTE-MTR values were 15.90%±1.06% and 14.59%±1.35% for normal and mildly degenerated cartilage, respectively. The UTE-AdiabT1ρ values were 40.19±2.87 and 42.6±2.26 ms for normal and mildly degenerated cartilage, respectively. ROC analysis showed that UTE-MTR (AUC =0.805, P=0.001, sensitivity =73.7%, specificity =89.5%) had the highest diagnostic efficacy for mild cartilage degeneration, while UTE-AdiabT1ρ (AUC =0.727, P=0.017) and CubeQuant-T2 (AUC =0.712, P=0.026) showed lower diagnostic efficacy. CONCLUSIONS Quantitative UTE-MT and UTE-AdiabT1ρ biomarkers may potentially be used in the evaluation of early cartilage degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongda Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Xiaolian Su
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, People’s Hospital of Jingjiang, Jingjiang, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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26
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Alexandrou E, Dauber A, Tyzinski L, Hwa V, Andrew M, Kim H, Elangovan S, Gubanich P, Taylor-Haas JA, Paterno M, Backeljauw P. Clinical phenotype and musculoskeletal characteristics of patients with aggrecan deficiency. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:1193-1203. [PMID: 35001504 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Aggrecan is a proteoglycan within the physeal and articular cartilage. Aggrecan deficiency, due to heterozygous mutations in the ACAN gene, causes dominantly inherited short stature and, in many patients, early-onset osteoarthritis and degenerative disc disease. We aimed to further characterize this phenotypic spectrum with an emphasis on musculoskeletal health. Twenty-two individuals from nine families were enrolled. Histories and examinations focused on joint health, gait analysis, joint specific patient reported outcomes, and imaging studies were performed. All patients had dominantly inherited short stature, with the exception of a de novo mutation. Short stature was worse in adults versus children (median height -3.05 SD vs. -2.25 SD). ACAN mutations were not always associated with bone age advancement (median advancement +1.1 years, range 0 to +2 years). Children had subtle disproportionality and clinically silent joint disease-25% with osteochondritis dissecans (OD). Adults had a high prevalence of joint symptomatology-decline in knee function, disability from spinal complaints, and lower physical activity on outcome measures. Osteoarthritis (OA) and OD was detected in 90% of adults, and orthopedic surgeries were reported in 60%. Aggrecan deficiency leads to short stature with progressive decline in height SD, mild skeletal dysplasia, and increasing prevalence of joint pathology over time. Optimal musculoskeletal health and quality of life can be attained with timely identification of pathology and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirene Alexandrou
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Andrew Dauber
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, George Washington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Leah Tyzinski
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Vivian Hwa
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Melissa Andrew
- Division of Endocrinology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Hee Kim
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stacey Elangovan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Paul Gubanich
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Mark Paterno
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Philippe Backeljauw
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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27
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Afsahi AM, Ma Y, Jang H, Jerban S, Chung CB, Chang EY, Du J. Ultrashort Echo Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques: Met and Unmet Needs in Musculoskeletal Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:1597-1612. [PMID: 34962335 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article summarizes recent technical developments in ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging of musculoskeletal (MSK) tissues with short-T2 relaxation times. A series of contrast mechanisms are discussed for high-contrast morphological imaging of short-T2 MSK tissues including the osteochondral junction, menisci, ligaments, tendons, and bone. Quantitative UTE mapping of T1, T2*, T1ρ, adiabatic T1ρ, magnetization transfer ratio, MT modeling of macromolecular proton fraction, quantitative susceptibility mapping, and water content is also introduced. Met and unmet needs in MSK imaging are discussed. EVIDENCE LEVEL: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Masoud Afsahi
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.,Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
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28
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Jena A, Taneja S, Rana P, Goyal N, Vaish A, Botchu R, Vaishya R. Emerging role of integrated PET-MRI in osteoarthritis. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:2349-2363. [PMID: 34185124 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disorder of the articular cartilage, which is associated with hypertrophic changes in the bone, synovial inflammation, subchondral sclerosis, and joint space narrowing (JSN). Radiography remains the first line of imaging till now. Due to the lack of soft-tissue depiction in radiography, researchers are exploring various imaging techniques to detect OA at an early stage and understand its pathophysiology to restrict its progression and discover disease-modifying agents in OA. As the OA relates to the degradation of articular cartilage and remodeling of the underlying bone, an optimal imaging tool must be sensitive to the bone and soft tissue health. In that line, many non-invasive imaging and minimally invasive techniques have been explored. Out of these, the non-invasive compositional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for evaluation of the integrity of articular cartilage and positron emission tomography (PET) scan with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and more specific bone-seeking tracer like sodium fluoride (18F-NaF) for bone cartilage interface are some of the leading areas of ongoing work. Integrated PET-MRI system, a new hybrid modality that combines the virtues of the above two individual modalities, allows detailed imaging of the entire joint, including soft tissue cartilage and bone, and holds great potential to research complex disease processes of OA. This narrative review attempts to signify individual characteristics of MRI, PET, the fusion of these characteristics in PET-MRI, and the ongoing research on PET-MRI as a potential tool to understand the pathophysiology of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Jena
- PET SUITE (Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals and House of Diagnostics), Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Sangeeta Taneja
- PET SUITE (Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals and House of Diagnostics), Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Prerana Rana
- PET SUITE (Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals and House of Diagnostics), Department of Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India.,Apollo Hospitals Education & Research Foundation, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Nidhi Goyal
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Imaging, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Abhishek Vaish
- Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India
| | - Rajesh Botchu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Raju Vaishya
- Department of Orthopaedics and Joint Replacement Surgery, Indraprastha Apollo Hospitals, Sarita Vihar, Delhi-Mathura Road, New Delhi, 110076, India
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29
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Han M, Tibrewala R, Bahroos E, Pedoia V, Majumdar S. Magnetization-prepared spoiled gradient-echo snapshot imaging for efficient measurement of R 2 -R 1ρ in knee cartilage. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:733-745. [PMID: 34590728 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate the potential of quantifying R2 -R1ρ using one pair of signals with T1ρ preparation and T2 preparation incorporated to magnetization-prepared angle-modulated partitioned k-space spoiled gradient-echo snapshots (MAPSS) acquisition and to find an optimal preparation time (Tprep ) for in vivo knee MRI. METHODS Bloch equation simulations were first performed to assess the accuracy of quantifying R2 -R1ρ using T1ρ - and T2 -prepared signals with an equivalent Tprep . For validation of this technique in comparison to the conventional approach that calculates R2 -R1ρ after estimating both T2 and T1ρ , phantom experiments and in vivo validation with five healthy subjects and five osteoarthritis patients were performed at a clinical 3T scanner. RESULTS Bloch equation simulations demonstrated that the accuracy of this efficient R2 -R1ρ quantification method and the optimal Tprep can be affected by image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and tissue relaxation times, but quantification can be closest to the reference with an around 25 ms Tprep for knee cartilage. Phantom experiments demonstrated that the proposed method can depict R2 -R1ρ changes with agarose gel concentration. With in vivo data, significant correlation was observed between cartilage R2 -R1ρ measured from the conventional and the proposed methods, and a Tprep of 25.6 ms provided the most agreement by Bland-Altman analysis. R2 -R1ρ was significantly lower in patients than in healthy subjects for most cartilage compartments. CONCLUSION As a potential biomarker to indicate cartilage degeneration, R2 -R1ρ can be efficiently measured using one pair of T1ρ -prepared and T2 -prepared signals with an optimal Tprep considering cartilage relaxation times and image SNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misung Han
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Radhika Tibrewala
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emma Bahroos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Valentina Pedoia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sharmila Majumdar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Center for Digital Health Innovation, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Common Biochemical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers of Early Knee Osteoarthritis and of Exercise/Training in Athletes: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081488. [PMID: 34441422 PMCID: PMC8391340 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease of the world population. Although considered a disease of old age, OA also affects young individuals and, more specifically among them, those practicing knee-joint-loading sports. Predicting OA at an early stage is crucial but remains a challenge. Biomarkers that can predict early OA development will help in the design of specific therapeutic strategies for individuals and, for athletes, to avoid adverse outcomes due to exercising/training regimens. This review summarizes and compares the current knowledge of fluid and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers common to early knee OA and exercise/training in athletes. A variety of fluid biochemical markers have been proposed to detect knee OA at an early stage; however, few have shown similar behavior between the two studied groups. Moreover, in endurance athletes, they are often contingent on the sport involved. MRI has also demonstrated its ability for early detection of joint structural alterations in both groups. It is currently suggested that for optimal forecasting of early knee structural alterations, both fluid and MRI biomarkers should be analyzed as a panel and/or combined, rather than individually.
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Roach KE, Pedoia V, Lee JJ, Popovic T, Link TM, Majumdar S, Souza RB. Multivariate functional principal component analysis identifies waveform features of gait biomechanics related to early-to-moderate hip osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1722-1731. [PMID: 33615524 PMCID: PMC8180534 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Clinicians often examine movement patterns to design hip osteoarthritis (OA) interventions, yet traditional biomechanical analyses only report a single timepoint. Multivariate principal component analysis (MFPCA) analyzes the entire waveform (i.e., movement pattern), which clinicians observe to direct treatment. This study investigated hip OA indicators, by (1) employing MFPCA to characterize variance across the hip, knee, and ankle angles in healthy and early-to-moderate hip OA participants; and (2) investigating relationships between these waveform features and hip cartilage health. Bilateral hip magnetic resonance images from 72 participants with Kellgren-Lawrence grades ranging from 0 to 3 were used to calculate mean T 1ρ and T 2 relaxation times in the femoral and acetabular cartilage. MFPCA was performed on lower-limb gait biomechanics and used to identify primary modes of variation, which were related to T 1ρ and T 2 relaxation times. Here, a MFPC = mode of variation = waveform feature. In the femoral cartilage, transverse plane MFPCs 3 and 5 and body mass index (BMI) was related to T 1ρ , while MFPC 2 and BMI were related to T 2 relaxation times. In the acetabular cartilage, sagittal plane MFPC 1 and BMI were related to T 1ρ , while BMI was related to T 2 relaxation times. Greater internal rotation was related to increased T 1ρ and T 2 relaxation times in the femoral cartilage, while the greater extension was related to increased T 1ρ relaxation times in the acetabular cartilage. This study established a data-driven framework to assess relationships between multi-joint biomechanics and quantitative assessments of cartilage health and identified waveform features that could be evaluated in future hip OA intervention studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koren E. Roach
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Valentina Pedoia
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jinhee J. Lee
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tijana Popovic
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas M. Link
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sharmila Majumdar
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Richard B. Souza
- Musculoskeletal Quantitative Imaging Research, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California – San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Pfeiffer SJ, Spang JT, Nissman D, Lalush D, Wallace K, Harkey MS, Pietrosimone LS, Padua D, Blackburn T, Pietrosimone B. Association of Jump-Landing Biomechanics With Tibiofemoral Articular Cartilage Composition 12 Months After ACL Reconstruction. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211016424. [PMID: 34368382 PMCID: PMC8299897 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211016424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessively high joint loading during dynamic movements may negatively influence articular cartilage health and contribute to the development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). Little is known regarding the link between aberrant jump-landing biomechanics and articular cartilage health after ACLR. PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between jump-landing biomechanics and tibiofemoral articular cartilage composition measured using T1ρ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relaxation times 12 months postoperatively. We hypothesized that individuals who demonstrate alterations in jump-landing biomechanics, commonly observed after ACLR, would have longer T1ρ MRI relaxation times (longer T1ρ relaxation times associated with less proteoglycan density). STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A total of 27 individuals with unilateral ACLR participated in this cross-sectional study. Jump-landing biomechanics (peak vertical ground-reaction force [vGRF], peak internal knee extension moment [KEM], peak internal knee adduction moment [KAM]) and T1ρ MRI were collected 12 months postoperatively. Mean T1ρ relaxation times for the entire weightbearing medial femoral condyle, lateral femoral condyle (global LFC), medial tibial condyle, and lateral tibial condyle (global LTC) were calculated bilaterally. Global regions of interest were further subsectioned into posterior, central, and anterior regions of interest. All T1ρ relaxation times in the ACLR limb were normalized to the uninjured contralateral limb. Linear regressions were used to determine associations between T1ρ relaxation times and biomechanics after accounting for meniscal/chondral injury. RESULTS Lower ACLR limb KEM was associated with longer T1ρ relaxation times for the global LTC (ΔR 2 = 0.24; P = .02), posterior LTC (ΔR 2 = 0.21; P = .03), and anterior LTC (ΔR 2 = 0.18; P = .04). Greater ACLR limb peak vGRF was associated with longer T1ρ relaxation times for the global LFC (ΔR 2 = 0.20; P = .02) and central LFC (ΔR 2 = 0.15; P = .05). Peak KAM was not associated with T1ρ outcomes. CONCLUSION At 12 months postoperatively, lower peak KEM and greater peak vGRF during jump landing were related to longer T1ρ relaxation times, suggesting worse articular cartilage composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J. Pfeiffer
- Ohio Musculoskeletal & Neurological Institute, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Division of Exercise Physiology, School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Athens, Ohio, USA
- MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jeffrey T. Spang
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel Nissman
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Lalush
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kyle Wallace
- MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew S. Harkey
- Department of Kinesiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Laura S. Pietrosimone
- Doctor of Physical Therapy Division, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darin Padua
- MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Troy Blackburn
- MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Pietrosimone
- MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise and Sports Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Gao KT, Pedoia V, Young KA, Kogan F, Koff MF, Gold GE, Potter HG, Majumdar S. Multiparametric MRI characterization of knee articular cartilage and subchondral bone shape in collegiate basketball players. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1512-1522. [PMID: 32910520 PMCID: PMC8359246 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is commonly used to evaluate the morphology of the knee in athletes with high-knee impact; however, complex repeated loading of the joint can lead to biochemical and structural degeneration that occurs before visible morphological changes. In this study, we utilized multiparametric quantitative MRI to compare morphology and composition of articular cartilage and subchondral bone shape between young athletes with high-knee impact (basketball players; n = 40) and non-knee impact (swimmers; n = 25). We implemented voxel-based relaxometry to register all cases to a single reference space and performed a localized compositional analysis of T 1ρ - and T 2 -relaxation times on a voxel-by-voxel basis. Additionally, statistical shape modeling was employed to extract differences in subchondral bone shape between the two groups. Evaluation of cartilage composition demonstrated a significant prolongation of relaxation times in the medial femoral and tibial compartments and in the posterolateral femur of basketball players in comparison to relaxation times in the same cartilage compartments of swimmers. The compositional analysis also showed depth-dependent differences with prolongation of the superficial layer in basketball players. For subchondral bone shape, three total modes were found to be significantly different between groups and related to the relative sizes of the tibial plateaus, intercondylar eminences, and the curvature and concavity of the patellar lateral facet. In summary, this study identified several characteristics associated with a high-knee impact which may expand our understanding of local degenerative patterns in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth T. Gao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Valentina Pedoia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Feliks Kogan
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Matthew F. Koff
- Department of Radiology and ImagingHospital for Special SurgeryNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Garry E. Gold
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | - Hollis G. Potter
- Department of Radiology and ImagingHospital for Special SurgeryNew York CityNew YorkUSA
| | - Sharmila Majumdar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical ImagingUniversity of CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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Zhang M, Li Y, Feng R, Wang Z, Wang W, Zheng N, Wang S, Yan F, Lu Y, Tsai TY, Wei H. Change in Susceptibility Values in Knee Cartilage After Marathon Running Measured Using Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1585-1593. [PMID: 34031930 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has been used to study the magnetic susceptibility properties of collagen fibers in articular cartilage; however, it is unclear whether QSM is sensitive to changes due to degradation caused by long-distance running. It is clinically important to understand the link between long-distance running and microstructural changes in knee cartilage. PURPOSE To investigate the ability of QSM to assess microstructural changes within cartilage after repetitive loading. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION Thirteen recreational, male long-distance runners. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Three-dimensional gradient recalled echo acquired at 3 T. ASSESSMENT Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3D kinematics (translations and rotations during treadmill walking and running) of the knee joint were collected before and after marathon running. The compartments for analysis included the patella, trochlea, and subregions of femoral and tibial cartilage. Changes in regional susceptibility and cartilage thickness were calculated after marathon running. A susceptibility profile was obtained by fitting susceptibility as a function of the normalized depth of cartilage from the superficial to deep layers. STATISTICAL TESTS Paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test, 95% confidence interval (CI) of the depth-wise susceptibility profile, Pearson correlation or Spearman correlation. RESULTS There was a statistically significant increase in susceptibility value in the weight-bearing region of central medial femoral cartilage (cMF-c) after marathon running (pre-marathon: -0.0219 ± 0.0151 ppm, post-marathon: -0.0070 ± 0.0213 ppm, P < 0.05), while the cartilage thickness did not show significant changes in any regions (P-value range: 0.068-0.963). Significant susceptibility elevations occurred in the middle and deep layers of cMF-c (95% CIs did not overlap). A trend toward a positive correlation was found between the changes in susceptibility value in cMF-c and proximal-distal translation of the knee joint during walking (r = 0.55, P = 0.101) and running (r = 0.57, P = 0.089). DATA CONCLUSION Localized magnetic susceptibility alterations were observed within knee cartilage in the weight-bearing area after repetitive loading without any morphologic changes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufei Li
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruimin Feng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongzheng Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjin Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaobai Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Radiology, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tsung-Yuan Tsai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjiang Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Osteoarthritis is a major source of disability, pain and socioeconomic cost worldwide. The epidemiology of the disorder is multifactorial including genetic, biological and biomechanical components, some of them detectable by MRI. This review provides the most recent update on MRI biomarkers which can provide functional information of the joint structures for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment response monitoring in osteoarthritis trials. RECENT FINDINGS Compositional or functional MRI can provide clinicians with valuable information on glycosaminoglycan content (chemical exchange saturation transfer, sodium MRI, T1ρ) and collagen organization (T2, T2, apparent diffusion coefficient, magnetization transfer) in joint structures. Other parameters may also provide useful information, such as volumetric measurements of joint structures or advanced image data postprocessing and analysis. Automated tools seem to have a great potential to be included in these efforts providing standardization and acceleration of the image data analysis process. SUMMARY Functional or compositional MRI has great potential to provide noninvasive imaging biomarkers for osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis as a whole joint condition needs to be diagnosed in early stages to facilitate selection of patients into clinical trials and/or to measure treatment effectiveness. Advanced evaluation including machine learning, neural networks and multidimensional data analysis allow for wall-to-wall understanding of parameter interactions and their role in clinical evaluation of osteoarthritis.
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36
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Kajabi AW, Casula V, Sarin JK, Ketola JH, Nykänen O, te Moller NCR, Mancini IAD, Visser J, Brommer H, René van Weeren P, Malda J, Töyräs J, Nieminen MT, Nissi MJ. Evaluation of articular cartilage with quantitative MRI in an equine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:63-73. [PMID: 32543748 PMCID: PMC7818146 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chondral lesions lead to degenerative changes in the surrounding cartilage tissue, increasing the risk of developing post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) for evaluation of articular cartilage in PTOA. Articular explants containing surgically induced and repaired chondral lesions were obtained from the stifle joints of seven Shetland ponies (14 samples). Three age-matched nonoperated ponies served as controls (six samples). The samples were imaged at 9.4 T. The measured qMRI parameters included T1 , T2 , continuous-wave T1ρ (CWT1ρ ), adiabatic T1ρ (AdT1ρ ), and T2ρ (AdT2ρ ) and relaxation along a fictitious field (TRAFF ). For reference, cartilage equilibrium and dynamic moduli, proteoglycan content and collagen fiber orientation were determined. Mean values and profiles from full-thickness cartilage regions of interest, at increasing distances from the lesions, were used to compare experimental against control and to correlate qMRI with the references. Significant alterations were detected by qMRI parameters, including prolonged T1 , CWT1ρ , and AdT1ρ in the regions adjacent to the lesions. The changes were confirmed by the reference methods. CWT1ρ was more strongly associated with the reference measurements and prolonged in the affected regions at lower spin-locking amplitudes. Moderate to strong correlations were found between all qMRI parameters and the reference parameters (ρ = -0.531 to -0.757). T1 , low spin-lock amplitude CWT1ρ , and AdT1ρ were most responsive to changes in visually intact cartilage adjacent to the lesions. In the context of PTOA, these findings highlight the potential of T1 , CWT1ρ , and AdT1ρ in evaluation of compositional and structural changes in cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Wahed Kajabi
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland,Medical Research Center OuluUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Victor Casula
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland,Medical Research Center OuluUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Jaakko K. Sarin
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland,Diagnostic Imaging CenterKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Juuso H. Ketola
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland
| | - Olli Nykänen
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
| | - Nikae C. R. te Moller
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Irina A. D. Mancini
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Jetze Visser
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center Utrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Harold Brommer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - P. René van Weeren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUtrecht UniversityUtrechtthe Netherlands,Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Center Utrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland,Diagnostic Imaging CenterKuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland,School of Information Technology and Electrical EngineeringThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Miika T. Nieminen
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland,Medical Research Center OuluUniversity of Oulu and Oulu University HospitalOuluFinland,Department of Diagnostic RadiologyOulu University HospitalOuluFinland
| | - Mikko J. Nissi
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and TechnologyUniversity of OuluOuluFinland,Department of Applied PhysicsUniversity of Eastern FinlandKuopioFinland
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Bae WC, Tadros AS, Finkenstaedt T, Du J, Statum S, Chung CB. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging of meniscal pathology ex vivo. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:2405-2414. [PMID: 33983499 PMCID: PMC8536602 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-021-03808-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the ability of conventional spin echo (SE) T2 and ultrashort echo time (UTE) T2* relaxation times to characterize pathology in cadaveric meniscus samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 10 human donors, 54 triangular (radially cut) meniscus samples were harvested. Meniscal pathology was classified as normal (n = 17), intrasubstance degenerated (n = 33), or torn (n = 4) using a modified arthroscopic grading system. Using a 3-T MR system, SE T2 and UTE T2* values of the menisci were determined, followed by histopathology. Effect of meniscal pathology on relaxation times and histology scores were determined, along with correlation between relaxation times and histology scores. RESULTS Mean ± standard deviation UTE T2* values for normal, degenerated, and torn menisci were 3.6 ± 1.3 ms, 7.4 ± 2.5 ms, and 9.8 ± 5.7 ms, respectively, being significantly higher in degenerated (p < 0.0001) and torn (p = 0.0002) menisci compared to that in normal. In contrast, the respective mean SE T2 values were 27.7 ± 9.5 ms, 25.9 ± 7.0 ms, and 35.7 ± 10.4 ms, without significant differences between groups (all p > 0.14). In terms of histology, we found significant group-wise differences (each p < 0.05) in fiber organization and inner-tip surface integrity sub-scores, as well as the total score. Finally, we found a significant weak correlation between UTE T2* and histology total score (p = 0.007, Rs2 = 0.19), unlike the correlation between SE T2 and histology (p = 0.09, Rs2 = 0.05). CONCLUSION UTE T2* values were found to distinguish normal from both degenerated and torn menisci and correlated significantly with histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won C. Bae
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, MC-114, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161 USA ,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0997 USA
| | - Anthony S. Tadros
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0997 USA
| | - Tim Finkenstaedt
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0997 USA
| | - Sheronda Statum
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, MC-114, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161 USA ,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0997 USA
| | - Christine B. Chung
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, MC-114, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92161 USA ,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0997 USA
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38
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Grondin MM, Liu F, Vignos MF, Samsonov A, Li WJ, Kijowski R, Henak CR. Bi-component T2 mapping correlates with articular cartilage material properties. J Biomech 2020; 116:110215. [PMID: 33482593 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.110215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-invasive estimation of cartilage material properties is useful for understanding cartilage health and creating subject-specific computational models. Bi-component T2 mapping measured using Multi-Component Driven Equilibrium Single Shot Observation of T1 and T2 (mcDESPOT) is sensitive for detecting cartilage degeneration within the human knee joint, but has not been correlated with cartilage composition and mechanical properties. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between bi-component T2 parameters measured using mcDESPOT at 3.0 T and cartilage composition and mechanical properties. Ex-vivo patellar cartilage specimens harvested from five human cadaveric knees were imaged using mcDESPOT at 3.0 T. Cartilage samples were removed from the patellae, mechanically tested to determine linear modulus and dissipated energy, and chemically tested to determine proteoglycan and collagen content. Parameter maps of single-component T2 relaxation time (T2), the T2 relaxation times of the fast relaxing macromolecular bound water component (T2F) and slow relaxing bulk water component (T2S), and the fraction of the fast relaxing macromolecular bound water component (FF) were compared to mechanical and chemical measures using linear regression. FF was significantly (p < 0.05) correlated with energy dissipation and linear modulus. T2 was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) correlated with elastic modulus at 1 Hz and energy dissipated at all frequencies. There were no other significant (p = 0.13-0.97) correlations between mcDESPOT parameters and mechanical properties. FF was significantly (p = 0.04) correlated with proteoglycan content. There were no other significant (p = 0.19-0.92) correlations between mcDESPOT parameters and proteoglycan or collagen content. This study suggests that FF measured using mcDESPOT at 3.0 T could be used to non-invasively estimate cartilage proteoglycan content, elastic modulus, and energy dissipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Grondin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael F Vignos
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alexey Samsonov
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Richard Kijowski
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Corinne R Henak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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39
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Chaudhari AS, Kogan F, Pedoia V, Majumdar S, Gold GE, Hargreaves BA. Rapid Knee MRI Acquisition and Analysis Techniques for Imaging Osteoarthritis. J Magn Reson Imaging 2020; 52:1321-1339. [PMID: 31755191 PMCID: PMC7925938 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a major source of disability that has no known treatment or cure. Morphological and compositional MRI is commonly used for assessing the bone and soft tissues in the knee to enhance the understanding of OA pathophysiology. However, it is challenging to extend these imaging methods and their subsequent analysis techniques to study large population cohorts due to slow and inefficient imaging acquisition and postprocessing tools. This can create a bottleneck in assessing early OA changes and evaluating the responses of novel therapeutics. The purpose of this review article is to highlight recent developments in tools for enhancing the efficiency of knee MRI methods useful to study OA. Advances in efficient MRI data acquisition and reconstruction tools for morphological and compositional imaging, efficient automated image analysis tools, and hardware improvements to further drive efficient imaging are discussed in this review. For each topic, we discuss the current challenges as well as potential future opportunities to alleviate these challenges. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Feliks Kogan
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Valentina Pedoia
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center of Digital Health Innovation (CDHI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sharmila Majumdar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Center of Digital Health Innovation (CDHI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Garry E. Gold
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Brian A. Hargreaves
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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40
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Wan L, Ma Y, Yang J, Jerban S, Searleman AC, Carl M, Le N, Chang EY, Tang G, Du J. Fast quantitative three-dimensional ultrashort echo time (UTE) Cones magnetic resonance imaging of major tissues in the knee joint using extended sprial sampling. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4376. [PMID: 32667115 PMCID: PMC7952018 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of extending the spiral sampling window on quantitative 3D ultrashort echo time (UTE) Cones imaging of major knee joint tissues including articular cartilage, menisci, tendons and ligaments at 3 T. Nine cadaveric human whole knee specimens were imaged on a 3 T clinical MRI scanner. A series of quantitative 3D UTE Cones imaging biomarkers including T2 *, T1 , adiabatic T1ρ , magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) and macromolecular fraction (MMF) were estimated using spiral sampling trajectories with various durations. Errors in UTE MRI biomarkers as a function of sampling time were evaluated using a nonstretched spiral trajectory as a reference standard. No significant differences were observed by increasing the spiral sampling window from 1116 to 2232 μs in the calculated T2 *, T1 , adiabatic T1ρ , MTR and MMF, as all P-values were over .05 as assessed by ANOVA with two-sided Dunnett's test. Although extending the sampling window results in signal loss for short T2 components, there was limited effect on the calculated quantitative biomarkers, with error percentages typically smaller than 5% in all the evaluated tissues. The total scan time can be reduced by up to 54% with quantification errors of less than 5% in any evaluated major tissue in the knee joint, suggesting that 3D UTE Cones MRI techniques can be greatly accelerated by using a longer spiral sampling window without causing additional quantitative bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidi Wan
- Department of Radiology, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiawei Yang
- Department of Radiology, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Adam C Searleman
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Nicole Le
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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41
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Horiuchi S, Yu HJ, Luk A, Rudd A, Ton J, Kuoy E, Russell JA, Sharp K, Yoshioka H. T1rho and T2 mapping of ankle cartilage of female and male ballet dancers. Acta Radiol 2020; 61:1365-1376. [PMID: 32028774 DOI: 10.1177/0284185120902381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since ballet dancers begin their training before skeletal maturity, accurate and non-invasive identification of cartilage diseases is clinically important. Angle-dependent analysis of T1rho and T2 sequences can be useful for quantification of the composition of cartilage. PURPOSE To investigate the angle-dependent T1rho and T2 profiles of ankle cartilage in non-dancers and dancers. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten female non-dancers, ten female dancers, and 9 male dancers were evaluated using T1rho and T2 mapping sequences. Manual segmentation of talar and tibial cartilage on these images was performed by two radiologists. Inter- and intra-rater reliabilities were calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland-Altman analysis. Mean thickness and volume of cartilage were estimated. Angle-dependent relaxation time profiles of talar and tibial cartilage were created. RESULTS ICCs of the number of segmented pixels were poor to excellent. Bland-Altman plots indicated that differences were associated with segment sizes. Segmented cartilage on T1rho demonstrated larger thickness and volume than those on T2 in all populations. Male dancers showed larger cartilage thickness and volume than female dancers and non-dancers. Each cartilage demonstrated angular-dependent T1rho and T2 profiles. Minimal T1rho and T2 values were observed at approximately 180°-200°; higher values were seen at the angle closer to the magic angle. Minimal T2 value of talar cartilage of dancers was larger than that of non-dancers. CONCLUSION In this small cohort study, regional and sex variations of ankle cartilage T1rho and T2 values in dancers and non-dancers were demonstrated using an angle-dependent approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saya Horiuchi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hon J Yu
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alex Luk
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Adam Rudd
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jimmy Ton
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Edward Kuoy
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Russell
- Science and Health in Artistic Performance, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | - Kelli Sharp
- Department of Dance, The Claire Trevor School of the Arts, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Yoshioka
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Abstract
This review outlines the current use of magnetic resonance (MR) techniques to study digestion and highlights their potential for providing markers of digestive processes such as texture changes and nutrient breakdown. In vivo digestion research can be challenging due to practical constraints and biological complexity. Therefore, digestion is primarily studied using in vitro models. These would benefit from further in vivo validation. NMR is widely used to characterise food systems. MRI is a related technique that can be used to study both in vitro model systems and in vivo gastro-intestinal processes. MRI allows visualisation and quantification of gastric processes such as gastric emptying and coagulation. Both MRI and NMR scan sequences can be configured to be sensitive to different aspects of gastric or intestinal contents. For example, magnetisation transfer and chemical exchange saturation transfer can detect proton (1H) exchange between water and proteins. MRI techniques have the potential to provide molecular-level and quantitative information on in vivo gastric (protein) digestion. This requires careful validation in order to understand what these MR markers of digestion mean in a specific digestion context. Combined with other measures they can be used to validate and inform in vitro digestion models. This may bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo digestion research and can aid the optimisation of food properties for different applications in health and disease.
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43
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Zelenski N, Falk DP, D'Aquilla K, Borthakur A, Bannister E, Kneeland B, Reddy R, Zgonis M. Zone- and layer-specific differences in proteoglycan content in patellofemoral pain syndrome are detectable on T1ρ MRI. Skeletal Radiol 2020; 49:1397-1402. [PMID: 32253471 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Determine if differences in T1ρ would be detected in specific regions or layers of patellofemoral cartilage between patients with symptomatic patellofemoral pain syndrome and asymptomatic control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten subjects diagnosed with patellofemoral pain syndrome were compared with ten age-, gender-, and BMI-matched control subjects with no knee pain or prior trauma. Conventional turbo (fast) spin echo sequences and T1ρ-weighted imaging were performed on the symptomatic knee in each of the ten subjects. At the patella and distal femur, cartilage regions of interest were divided into medial and lateral sub-regions, each then further sub-divided by layer (superficial, middle, or deep). Two-tailed t test and chi-squared tests were used to analyze demographic data. A mixed effect model was run for each sub-region of T1ρ imaging. Statistical significance was determined using the likelihood ratio test against reduced models without patellofemoral pain syndrome symptomatic status as a fixed effect. RESULTS There was no difference in age, sex, or BMI between symptomatic and control patients. T1ρ values were significantly higher among patellofemoral pain syndrome patients when compared with controls in the superficial zone of the lateral patella (58.43 vs. 50.83, p = 0.03) and the middle zone of the lateral patella (52.67 vs. 43.60, p = 0.03). T1ρ was also higher in the superficial zone of the medial femur (50.94 vs. 46.70, p = 0.09) with a value approaching statistical significance. CONCLUSION We report statistically significant differences in the T1ρ value in the superficial and middle zones of the lateral patella in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome who had no abnormalities seen on conventional MRI sequences, suggesting an alteration the macromolecular structure of the cartilage in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Zelenski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David P Falk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3737 Market Street, 6th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kevin D'Aquilla
- Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, 422 Curie Boulevard, B1 Stellar Chance Labs, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Arijitt Borthakur
- Center for Practice Transformation, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Donner Basement, 34000 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Evan Bannister
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3737 Market Street, 6th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Bruce Kneeland
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard Atrium, Ground Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Magnetic Resonance & Optical Imaging, 422 Curie Boulevard, B1 Stellar Chance Labs, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Miltiadis Zgonis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, 3737 Market Street, 6th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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44
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Galbusera F, Cina A, Panico M, Albano D, Messina C. Image-based biomechanical models of the musculoskeletal system. Eur Radiol Exp 2020; 4:49. [PMID: 32789547 PMCID: PMC7423821 DOI: 10.1186/s41747-020-00172-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Finite element modeling is a precious tool for the investigation of the biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system. A key element for the development of anatomically accurate, state-of-the art finite element models is medical imaging. Indeed, the workflow for the generation of a finite element model includes steps which require the availability of medical images of the subject of interest: segmentation, which is the assignment of each voxel of the images to a specific material such as bone and cartilage, allowing for a three-dimensional reconstruction of the anatomy; meshing, which is the creation of the computational mesh necessary for the approximation of the equations describing the physics of the problem; assignment of the material properties to the various parts of the model, which can be estimated for example from quantitative computed tomography for the bone tissue and with other techniques (elastography, T1rho, and T2 mapping from magnetic resonance imaging) for soft tissues. This paper presents a brief overview of the techniques used for image segmentation, meshing, and assessing the mechanical properties of biological tissues, with focus on finite element models of the musculoskeletal system. Both consolidated methods and recent advances such as those based on artificial intelligence are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Cina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Panico
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenico Albano
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience and Advanced Diagnostics, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Carmelo Messina
- IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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45
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Wu M, Ma Y, Wan L, Jerban S, Jang H, Chang EY, Du J. Magic angle effect on adiabatic T 1ρ imaging of the Achilles tendon using 3D ultrashort echo time cones trajectory. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4322. [PMID: 32431025 PMCID: PMC7393640 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The protons in collagen-rich musculoskeletal (MSK) tissues such as the Achilles tendon are subject to strong dipolar interactions which are modulated by the term (3cos2 θ-1) where θ is the angle between the fiber orientation and the static magnetic field B0 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the magic angle effect in three-dimensional ultrashort echo time Cones Adiabatic T1ρ (3D UTE Cones-AdiabT1ρ ) imaging of the Achilles tendon using a clinical 3 T scanner. The magic angle effect was investigated by Cones-AdiabT1ρ imaging of five cadaveric human Achilles tendon samples at five angular orientations ranging from 0° to 90° relative to the B0 field. Conventional Cones continuous wave T1ρ (Cones-CW-T1ρ ) and Cones T2 * (Cones-T2 *) sequences were also applied for comparison. On average, Cones-AdiabT1ρ increased 3.6-fold from 13.6 ± 1.5 ms at 0° to 48.4 ± 5.4 ms at 55°, Cones-CW-T1ρ increased 6.1-fold from 7.0 ± 1.1 ms at 0° to 42.6 ± 5.2 ms at 55°, and Cones-T2* increased 12.3-fold from 2.9 ± 0.5 ms at 0° to 35.8 ± 6.4 ms at 55°. Although Cones-AdiabT1ρ is still subject to significant angular dependence, it shows a much-reduced magic angle effect compared to Cones-CW-T1ρ and Cones-T2 *, and may be used as a novel and potentially more effective approach for quantitative evaluation of the Achilles tendon and other MSK tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, US
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, US
| | - Lidi Wan
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, US
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, US
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, US
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, US
- Radiology Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, US
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, US
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46
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Abstract
Deep learning methods have shown promising results for accelerating quantitative musculoskeletal (MSK) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for T2 and T1ρ relaxometry. These methods have been shown to improve musculoskeletal tissue segmentation on parametric maps, allowing efficient and accurate T2 and T1ρ relaxometry analysis for monitoring and predicting MSK diseases. Deep learning methods have shown promising results for disease detection on quantitative MRI with diagnostic performance superior to conventional machine-learning methods for identifying knee osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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47
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Wu M, Ma YJ, Kasibhatla A, Chen M, Jang H, Jerban S, Chang EY, Du J. Convincing evidence for magic angle less-sensitive quantitative T 1ρ imaging of articular cartilage using the 3D ultrashort echo time cones adiabatic T 1ρ (3D UTE cones-AdiabT 1ρ ) sequence. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:2551-2560. [PMID: 32419199 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the magic angle effect in three-dimensional ultrashort echo time Cones Adiabatic T1ρ (3D UTE Cones-AdiabT1ρ ) imaging of articular cartilage at 3T. METHODS The magic angle effect was investigated by repeated 3D UTE Cones-AdiabT1ρ imaging of eight human patellar samples at five angular orientations ranging from 0° to 90° relative to the B0 field. Cones continuous wave T1ρ (Cones-CW-T1ρ ) and Cones- T 2 ∗ sequences were also applied for comparison. Cones-AdiabT1ρ , Cones-CW-T1ρ and Cones- T 2 ∗ values were measured for four regions of interest (ROIs) (10% superficial layer, 60% transitional layer, 30% radial layer, and a global ROI) for each sample at each orientation to evaluate their angular dependence. RESULTS 3D UTE Cones-AdiabT1ρ values increased from the radial layer to the superficial layer for all angular orientations. The superficial layer showed the least angular dependence (around 4.4%), while the radial layer showed the strongest angular dependence (around 34.4%). Cones-AdiabT1ρ values showed much reduced magic angle effect compared to Cones-CW-T1ρ and Cones- T 2 ∗ values for all four ROIs. On average over eight patellae, Cones-AdiabT1ρ values increased by 27.2% (4.4% for superficial, 23.8% for transitional, and 34.4% for radial layers), Cones-CW-T1ρ values increased by 76.9% (11.3% for superficial, 59.1% for transitional, and 117.8% for radial layers), and Cones- T 2 ∗ values increased by 237.5% (87.9% for superficial, 262.9% for transitional, and 327.3% for radial layers) near the magic angle. CONCLUSIONS The 3D UTE Cones-AdiabT1ρ sequence is less sensitive to the magic angle effect in the evaluation of articular cartilage compared to Cones- T 2 ∗ and Cones-CW-T1ρ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wu
- Department of Radiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Ya-Jun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Akhil Kasibhatla
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Mingxin Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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48
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Ling Z, Li L, Chen Y, Hu H, Zhao X, Wilson J, Qi Q, Liu D, Wei F, Chen X, Lu J, Zhou Z, Zou X. Changes of the end plate cartilage are associated with intervertebral disc degeneration: A quantitative magnetic resonance imaging study in rhesus monkeys and humans. J Orthop Translat 2020; 24:23-31. [PMID: 32542179 PMCID: PMC7281301 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The end plate plays an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration progression. The aim of the study was to examine the compositional and structural changes of the end plate with age and to investigate the correlation between end plate and disc degeneration by T1ρ and T2 map magnetic resonance imaging. Methods There were 12 young monkeys (6-7 years old), 20 aged monkeys (14-17 years old) and 12 human participants (30-50 years old) in this study. T1ρ or T2 map values of the nucleus pulposus and end plate cartilage were analyzed according to Pfirrmann grades and age. Afterwards, micro computed tomography and histological analysis were used to confirm the end plate changes in monkeys. Pearson’s correlation was performed to investigate the relationship between end plate and disc degeneration. Results In monkeys, T1ρ (r=-0.794, P<0.001) and T2 map values (r=-0.8, P<0.001) of the nucleus pulposus were negatively associated with Pfirrmann grades. Moreover, the T2 map was more suitable than T1ρ for the evaluation of end plate degeneration. Age was an important influence factor of end plate and disc degeneration, which was confirmed by microcomputed tomography, Safranin O/fast green staining, and collagen II staining. The T2 map value of lower end plate degeneration positively correlated with that of the intervertebral discs in monkeys (R2=0.3133, P<0.001) and humans (R2=0.2092, P<0.001). Conclusion This study suggests that the compositional and structural changes of the end plate can be quantitatively evaluated by T2 map. Furthermore, cartilage end plate degeneration is associated with disc degeneration during ageing. The translational potential of this article A better understanding of how the cartilage end plate affects disc degeneration is needed, which may propose a new clinical application using T2 map to evaluate end plate degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zemin Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Liangping Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hao Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Eastern Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Jordan Wilson
- Department of Orthopaedics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Qihua Qi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Delong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fuxin Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital and Orthopedic Research, Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoying Chen
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA
| | - Zhiyu Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital and Orthopedic Research, Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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49
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Wyatt CR, Barbara TM, Guimaraes AR. T 1ρ magnetic resonance fingerprinting. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4284. [PMID: 32125050 PMCID: PMC8818303 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
T1ρ relaxation imaging is a quantitative imaging technique that has been used to assess cartilage integrity, liver fibrosis, tumors, cardiac infarction, and Alzheimer's disease. T1 , T2 , and T1ρ relaxation time constants have each demonstrated different degrees of sensitivity to several markers of fibrosis and inflammation, allowing for a potential multi-parametric approach to tissue quantification. Traditional magnetic resonance fingerprinting (MRF) has been shown to provide quick, quantitative mapping of T1 and T2 relaxation time constants. In this study, T1ρ relaxation is added to the MRF framework using spin lock preparations. An MRF sequence involving an RF-spoiled sequence with TR , flip angle, T1ρ , and T2 preparation variation is described. The sequence is then calibrated against conventional T1 , T2 , and T1ρ relaxation mapping techniques in agar phantoms and the abdomens of four healthy volunteers. Strong intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC > 0.9) were found between conventional and MRF sequences in phantoms and also in healthy volunteers (ICC > 0.8). The highest ICC correlation values were seen in T1 , followed by T1ρ and then T2 . In this study, T1ρ relaxation has been incorporated into the MRF framework by using spin lock preparations, while still fitting for T1 and T2 relaxation time constants. The acquisition of these parameters within a single breath hold in the abdomen alleviates the issues of movement between breath holds in conventional techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory R. Wyatt
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Thomas M. Barbara
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - Alexander R. Guimaraes
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, OR 97239
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50
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Franklin SP, Stoker AM, Lin ASP, Pownder SL, Burke EE, Bozynski CC, Kuroki K, Guldberg RE, Cook JL, Holmes SP. T1ρ, T2 mapping, and EPIC-µCT Imaging in a Canine Model of Knee Osteochondral Injury. J Orthop Res 2020; 38:368-377. [PMID: 31429976 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The dog is the most commonly used large animal model for the study of osteoarthritis. Optimizing methods for assessing cartilage health would prove useful in reducing the number of dogs needed for a valid study of osteoarthritis and cartilage repair. Twelve beagles had critical-sized osteochondral defects created in the medial femoral condyle of both knees. Eight dogs had T1ρ and T2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed approximately 6 months after defect creation. Following MRI evaluations, all 12 dogs were humanely euthanatized and cartilage samples were obtained from the medial and lateral femoral condyles, medial and lateral tibial plateaus, trochlear groove, and patella for proteoglycan and collagen quantification. Equilibrium partitioning of an ionic contrast (EPIC)-µCT was then performed followed by the histologic assessment of the knees. Correlations between T1ρ, T2, EPIC-µCT and proteoglycan, collagen, and histology scores were assessed using a multivariate analysis accounting for correlations from samples within the same knee and in the same dog. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated to assess the strength of significant relationships. Correlations between µCT values and biochemical or histologic assessment were weak to moderately strong (0.09-0.41; p < 0.0001-0.66). There was a weak correlation between the T2 values and cartilage proteoglycan (-0.32; p = 0.04). The correlation between T1ρ values and cartilage proteoglycan were moderately strong (-0.38; p < 0.05) while the strongest correlation was between the T1ρ values and histological assessment of cartilage with a correlation coefficient of 0.58 (p < 0.0001). These data suggest that T1ρ shows promise for possible utility in the translational study of cartilage health and warrants further development in this species. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:368-377, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Franklin
- Department of Small Animal Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.,Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Aaron M Stoker
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Angela S P Lin
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - Sarah L Pownder
- MRI Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Emily E Burke
- Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Chantelle C Bozynski
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kei Kuroki
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Robert E Guldberg
- Knight Campus for Accelerating Scientific Impact, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon
| | - James L Cook
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, Missouri Orthopaedic Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Shannon P Holmes
- Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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