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Song Q, Ma C, Tian S, Meng X, Chen L, Wang N, Song Q, Lu S, Liu D, Gui H, Chen H, Lin L, Xu X, Wang J, Liu A. Acceleration of uterine 3D T2-weighted imaging by compressed SENSE-a multicentre study. Br J Radiol 2024; 97:1545-1551. [PMID: 38885406 PMCID: PMC11332668 DOI: 10.1093/bjr/tqae113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To find the optimal acceleration factor (AF) of the compressed SENSE (CS) technique for uterine isotropic high-resolution 3D T2-weighted imaging (3D-ISO-T2WI). METHODS A total of 91 female volunteers from the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, and The Fourth Hospital of Harbin were recruited. A total of 44 volunteers received uterus sagittal 3D-ISO-T2WI scans on 3.0T MRI device with different CS AFs (including SENSE3, CS3, CS4, CS5, CS6, and CS7), 51 received 3D-ISO-T2WI scans with different degrees of fat suppression (none, light, moderate, and severe), while 4 volunteers received both series of scans. Image quality was subjectively evaluated with a 3-point scoring system. Junction zone signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and myometrial SNR were also calculated. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to analyse the consistency of the measurement results by 2 observers. Analysis of variance test or Friedman rank sum test was used to compare the differences in subjective scores, SNR, and CNR under different AFs/different degrees of fat suppression. RESULTS Images by AFs of CS3, CS4, and CS5 had the highest SNR and CNR. Among them, CS5 had the shortest scan time. CS5 also had one of the highest subjective scores. There was no significant difference in SNR and CNR among images acquired with different degrees of fat suppression. Also, images with moderate fat suppression had the highest subjective scores. CONCLUSION The CS5 combined with moderate fat suppression is recommended for routine female pelvic 3D-ISO-T2WI scan. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE The CS5 has the highest image quality and has the shortest scan time, which is the best AF. Moderate fat suppression has the highest subjective scores. The CS5 and moderate fat suppression are the best combination for a female pelvic 3D-ISO-T2WI scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Song
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
- Dalian Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
| | - Changjun Ma
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
- Dalian Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Tian
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
- Dalian Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
| | - Xing Meng
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, Dalian Women and Children Medical Center, Dalian 116033, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Chen
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
- Dalian Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
- Dalian Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
| | - Qingwei Song
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
- Dalian Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
| | - Shan Lu
- Radiology Department, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China
| | - Dengping Liu
- Radiology Department, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Gui
- Magnetic Resonance Department, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin 150026, P. R. China
| | - Honghao Chen
- Magnetic Resonance Department, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin, Harbin 150026, P. R. China
| | - Liangjie Lin
- Clinical and Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, 100036, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofang Xu
- Clinical and Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, 100036, P. R. China
| | - Jiazheng Wang
- Clinical and Technical Support, Philips Healthcare, Beijing, 100036, P. R. China
| | - Ailian Liu
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
- Dalian Medical Imaging Artificial Intelligence Engineering Technology Research Center, Dalian 116011, P. R. China
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Sharma G, Enriquez JS, Armijo R, Wang M, Bhattacharya P, Pudakalakatti S. Enhancing Cancer Diagnosis with Real-Time Feedback: Tumor Metabolism through Hyperpolarized 1- 13C Pyruvate MRSI. Metabolites 2023; 13:606. [PMID: 37233647 PMCID: PMC10224418 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13050606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This review article discusses the potential of hyperpolarized (HP) 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) as a noninvasive technique for identifying altered metabolism in various cancer types. Hyperpolarization significantly improves the signal-to-noise ratio for the identification of 13C-labeled metabolites, enabling dynamic and real-time imaging of the conversion of [1-13C] pyruvate to [1-13C] lactate and/or [1-13C] alanine. The technique has shown promise in identifying upregulated glycolysis in most cancers, as compared to normal cells, and detecting successful treatment responses at an earlier stage than multiparametric MRI in breast and prostate cancer patients. The review provides a concise overview of the applications of HP [1-13C] pyruvate MRSI in various cancer systems, highlighting its potential for use in preclinical and clinical investigations, precision medicine, and long-term studies of therapeutic response. The article also discusses emerging frontiers in the field, such as combining multiple metabolic imaging techniques with HP MRSI for a more comprehensive view of cancer metabolism, and leveraging artificial intelligence to develop real-time, actionable biomarkers for early detection, assessing aggressiveness, and interrogating the early efficacy of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Cardiovascular & Thoracic Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - José S. Enriquez
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA; (J.S.E.); (R.A.); (M.W.); (P.B.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ryan Armijo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA; (J.S.E.); (R.A.); (M.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Muxin Wang
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA; (J.S.E.); (R.A.); (M.W.); (P.B.)
| | - Pratip Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA; (J.S.E.); (R.A.); (M.W.); (P.B.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75390, USA; (J.S.E.); (R.A.); (M.W.); (P.B.)
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Hong D, Batsios G, Viswanath P, Gillespie AM, Vaidya M, Larson PEZ, Ronen SM. Acquisition and quantification pipeline for in vivo hyperpolarized 13 C MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1673-1687. [PMID: 34775639 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The goal of this study was to combine a specialized acquisition method with a new quantification pipeline to accurately and efficiently probe the metabolism of hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled compounds in vivo. In this study, we tested our approach on [2-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]α-ketoglutarate data in rat orthotopic brain tumor models at 3T. METHODS We used a multiband metabolite-specific radiofrequency (RF) excitation in combination with a variable flip angle scheme to minimize substrate polarization loss and measure fast metabolic processes. We then applied spectral-temporal denoising using singular value decomposition to enhance spectral quality. This was combined with LCModel-based automatic 13 C spectral fitting and flip angle correction to separate overlapping signals and rapidly quantify the different metabolites. RESULTS Denoising improved the metabolite signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by approximately 5. It also improved the accuracy of metabolite quantification as evidenced by a significant reduction of the Cramer Rao lower bounds. Furthermore, the use of the automated and user-independent LCModel-based quantification approach could be performed rapidly, with the kinetic quantification of eight metabolite peaks in a 12-spectrum array achieved in less than 1 minute. CONCLUSION The specialized acquisition method combined with denoising and a new quantification pipeline using LCModel for the first time for hyperpolarized 13 C data enhanced our ability to monitor the metabolism of [2-13 C]pyruvate and [1-13 C]α-ketoglutarate in rat orthotopic brain tumor models in vivo. This approach could be broadly applicable to other hyperpolarized agents both preclinically and in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Hong
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Georgios Batsios
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Anne Marie Gillespie
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Manushka Vaidya
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Characterization of Distinctive In Vivo Metabolism between Enhancing and Non-Enhancing Gliomas Using Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MRI. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11080504. [PMID: 34436445 PMCID: PMC8398100 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11080504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of hyperpolarized carbon-13 (13C) metabolic MRI has enabled the sensitive and noninvasive assessment of real-time in vivo metabolism in tumors. Although several studies have explored the feasibility of using hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging for neuro-oncology applications, most of these studies utilized high-grade enhancing tumors, and little is known about hyperpolarized 13C metabolic features of a non-enhancing tumor. In this study, 13C MR spectroscopic imaging with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was applied for the differential characterization of metabolic profiles between enhancing and non-enhancing gliomas using rodent models of glioblastoma and a diffuse midline glioma. Distinct metabolic profiles were found between the enhancing and non-enhancing tumors, as well as their contralateral normal-appearing brain tissues. The preliminary results from this study suggest that the characterization of metabolic patterns from hyperpolarized 13C imaging between non-enhancing and enhancing tumors may be beneficial not only for understanding distinct metabolic features between the two lesions, but also for providing a basis for understanding 13C metabolic processes in ongoing clinical trials with neuro-oncology patients using this technology.
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Bogner W, Otazo R, Henning A. Accelerated MR spectroscopic imaging-a review of current and emerging techniques. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4314. [PMID: 32399974 PMCID: PMC8244067 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Over more than 30 years in vivo MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) has undergone an enormous evolution from theoretical concepts in the early 1980s to the robust imaging technique that it is today. The development of both fast and efficient sampling and reconstruction techniques has played a fundamental role in this process. State-of-the-art MRSI has grown from a slow purely phase-encoded acquisition technique to a method that today combines the benefits of different acceleration techniques. These include shortening of repetition times, spatial-spectral encoding, undersampling of k-space and time domain, and use of spatial-spectral prior knowledge in the reconstruction. In this way in vivo MRSI has considerably advanced in terms of spatial coverage, spatial resolution, acquisition speed, artifact suppression, number of detectable metabolites and quantification precision. Acceleration not only has been the enabling factor in high-resolution whole-brain 1 H-MRSI, but today is also common in non-proton MRSI (31 P, 2 H and 13 C) and applied in many different organs. In this process, MRSI techniques had to constantly adapt, but have also benefitted from the significant increase of magnetic field strength boosting the signal-to-noise ratio along with high gradient fidelity and high-density receive arrays. In combination with recent trends in image reconstruction and much improved computation power, these advances led to a number of novel developments with respect to MRSI acceleration. Today MRSI allows for non-invasive and non-ionizing mapping of the spatial distribution of various metabolites' tissue concentrations in animals or humans, is applied for clinical diagnostics and has been established as an important tool for neuro-scientific and metabolism research. This review highlights the developments of the last five years and puts them into the context of earlier MRSI acceleration techniques. In addition to 1 H-MRSI it also includes other relevant nuclei and is not limited to certain body regions or specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Bogner
- High‐Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ricardo Otazo
- Department of Medical PhysicsMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York, New YorkUSA
| | - Anke Henning
- Max Planck Institute for Biological CyberneticsTübingenGermany
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, UT Southwestern Medical CenterDallasTexasUSA
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Nguyen NT, Bae EH, Do LN, Nguyen TA, Park I, Shin SS. In Vivo Assessment of Metabolic Abnormality in Alport Syndrome Using Hyperpolarized [1- 13C] Pyruvate MR Spectroscopic Imaging. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040222. [PMID: 33917329 PMCID: PMC8067337 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alport Syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired kidney function. The development of a noninvasive tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of renal function during disease progression is of clinical importance. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI is an emerging technique that enables non-invasive, real-time measurement of in vivo metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using this technique for assessing changes in renal metabolism in the mouse model of AS. Mice with AS demonstrated a significant reduction in the level of lactate from 4- to 7-week-old, while the levels of lactate were unchanged in the control mice over time. This reduction in lactate production in the AS group accompanied a significant increase of PEPCK expression levels, indicating that the disease progression in AS triggered the gluconeogenic pathway and might have resulted in a decreased lactate pool size and a subsequent reduction in pyruvate-to-lactate conversion. Additional metabolic imaging parameters, including the level of lactate and pyruvate, were found to be different between the AS and control groups. These preliminary results suggest that hyperpolarized 13C MRI might provide a potential noninvasive tool for the characterization of disease progression in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Trong Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea;
| | - Eun-Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea;
| | - Luu-Ngoc Do
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
| | - Tien-Anh Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
| | - Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (S.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-62-220-5744 (I.P.); +82-62-220-5882 (S.-S.S.)
| | - Sang-Soo Shin
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (S.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-62-220-5744 (I.P.); +82-62-220-5882 (S.-S.S.)
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7
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Park I, Kim S, Pucciarelli D, Song J, Choi JM, Lee KH, Kim YH, Jung S, Yoon W, Nakamura JL. Differentiating Radiation Necrosis from Brain Tumor Using Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MR Metabolic Imaging. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:417-426. [PMID: 33442835 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-020-01574-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Differentiation between radiation-induced necrosis and tumor recurrence is crucial to determine proper management strategies but continues to be one of the central challenges in neuro-oncology. We hypothesized that hyperpolarized 13C MRI, a unique technique to measure real-time in vivo metabolism, would distinguish radiation necrosis from tumor on the basis of cell-intrinsic metabolic differences. The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate for differentiating radiation necrosis from brain tumors. PROCEDURES Radiation necrosis was initiated by employing a CT-guided 80-Gy single-dose irradiation of a half cerebrum in mice (n = 7). Intracerebral tumor was modeled with two orthotopic mouse models: GL261 glioma (n = 6) and Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) metastasis (n = 7). 13C 3D MR spectroscopic imaging data were acquired following hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate injection approximately 89 and 14 days after treatment for irradiated and tumor-bearing mice, respectively. The ratio of lactate to pyruvate (Lac/Pyr), normalized lactate, and pyruvate in contrast-enhancing lesion was compared between the radiation-induced necrosis and brain tumors. Histopathological analysis was performed from resected brains. RESULTS Conventional MRI exhibited typical radiographic features of radiation necrosis and brain tumor with large areas of contrast enhancement and T2 hyperintensity in all animals. Normalized lactate in radiation necrosis (0.10) was significantly lower than that in glioma (0.26, P = .004) and LLC metastatic tissue (0.25, P = .00007). Similarly, Lac/Pyr in radiation necrosis (0.18) was significantly lower than that in glioma (0.55, P = .00008) and LLC metastasis (0.46, P = .000008). These results were consistent with histological findings where tumor-bearing brains were highly cellular, while irradiated brains exhibited pathological markers consistent with reparative changes from radiation necrosis. CONCLUSION Hyperpolarized 13C MR metabolic imaging of pyruvate is a noninvasive imaging method that differentiates between radiation necrosis and brain tumors, providing a groundwork for further clinical investigation and translation for the improved management of patients with brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea.
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Bukgu, Gwangju, 61186, South Korea.
| | - Seulkee Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Hwasun, 58128, South Korea
| | - Daniela Pucciarelli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
| | - Juhyun Song
- Department of Anatomy, Chonnam National University Medical School, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Hwasun, 58128, South Korea
| | - Jin Myung Choi
- Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Hwasun, 58128, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Yun Hyeon Kim
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Shin Jung
- Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, 322 Seoyang-ro, Hwasun-gun, Jeollanam-do, Hwasun, 58128, South Korea
| | - Woong Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42 Jaebongro, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea
| | - Jean L Nakamura
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been the cornerstone of imaging of brain tumors in the past 4 decades. Conventional MRI remains the workhorse for neuro-oncologic imaging, not only for basic information such as location, extent, and navigation but also able to provide information regarding proliferation and infiltration, angiogenesis, hemorrhage, and more. More sophisticated MRI sequences have extended the ability to assess and quantify these features; for example, permeability and perfusion acquisitions can assess blood-brain barrier disruption and angiogenesis, diffusion techniques can assess cellularity and infiltration, and spectroscopy can address metabolism. Techniques such as fMRI and diffusion fiber tracking can be helpful in diagnostic planning for resection and radiation therapy, and more sophisticated iterations of these techniques can extend our understanding of neurocognitive effects of these tumors and associated treatment responses and effects. More recently, MRI has been used to go beyond such morphological, physiological, and functional characteristics to assess the tumor microenvironment. The current review highlights multiple recent and emerging approaches in MRI to characterize the tumor microenvironment.
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Deh K, Granlund KL, Eskandari R, Kim N, Mamakhanyan A, Keshari KR. Dynamic volumetric hyperpolarized 13 C imaging with multi-echo EPI. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:978-986. [PMID: 32820566 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To generate dynamic, volumetric maps of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and its metabolic products in vivo. METHODS Maps of chemical species were generated with iterative least squares (IDEAL) reconstruction from multiecho echo-planar imaging (EPI) of phantoms of thermally polarized 13 C-labeled chemicals and mice injected with hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate on a preclinical 3T scanner. The quality of the IDEAL decomposition of single-shot and multishot phantom images was evaluated using quantitative results from a simple pulse-and-acquire sequence as the gold standard. Time course and area-under-the-curve plots were created to analyze the distribution of metabolites in vivo. RESULTS Improved separation of chemical species by IDEAL, evaluated by the amount of residual signal measured for chemicals not present in the phantoms, was observed as the number of EPI shots was increased from one to four. Dynamic three-dimensional metabolite maps of [1-13 C]pyruvate,[1-13 C]pyruvatehydrate, [1-13 C]lactate, [1-13 C]bicarbonate, and [1-13 C]alanine generated by IDEAL from interleaved multishot multiecho EPI of live mice were used to construct time course and area-under-the-curve graphs for the heart, kidneys, and liver, which showed good agreement with previously published results. CONCLUSIONS IDEAL decomposition of multishot multiecho 13C EPI images is a simple, yet robust method for generating high-quality dynamic volumetric maps of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and its products in vivo and has potential applications for the assessment of multiorgan metabolic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Deh
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kristin L Granlund
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nathaniel Kim
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Arsen Mamakhanyan
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Grist JT, Miller JJ, Zaccagna F, McLean MA, Riemer F, Matys T, Tyler DJ, Laustsen C, Coles AJ, Gallagher FA. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI: A novel approach for probing cerebral metabolism in health and neurological disease. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:1137-1147. [PMID: 32153235 PMCID: PMC7238376 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x20909045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral metabolism is tightly regulated and fundamental for healthy neurological function. There is increasing evidence that alterations in this metabolism may be a precursor and early biomarker of later stage disease processes. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) is a powerful tool to non-invasively assess tissue metabolites and has many applications for studying the normal and diseased brain. However, the technique has limitations including low spatial and temporal resolution, difficulties in discriminating overlapping peaks, and challenges in assessing metabolic flux rather than steady-state concentrations. Hyperpolarized carbon-13 magnetic resonance imaging is an emerging clinical technique that may overcome some of these spatial and temporal limitations, providing novel insights into neurometabolism in both health and in pathological processes such as glioma, stroke and multiple sclerosis. This review will explore the growing body of pre-clinical data that demonstrates a potential role for the technique in assessing metabolism in the central nervous system. There are now a number of clinical studies being undertaken in this area and this review will present the emerging clinical data as well as the potential future applications of hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance imaging in the brain, in both clinical and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Grist
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of
Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| | - Jack J Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of
Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John
Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Fulvio Zaccagna
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| | - Mary A McLean
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
- CRUK Cambridge Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Riemer
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| | - Tomasz Matys
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge,
UK
| | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of
Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John
Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Alasdair J Coles
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge,
Cambridge, UK
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11
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Park I, Lupo JM, Nelson SJ. Correlation of Tumor Perfusion Between Carbon-13 Imaging with Hyperpolarized Pyruvate and Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast MRI in Pre-Clinical Model of Glioblastoma. Mol Imaging Biol 2020; 21:626-632. [PMID: 30225760 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-018-1275-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare C-13 imaging parameters with hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate with conventional gadolinium (Gd)-based perfusion weighted imaging using an orthotopic xenograft model of human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). PROCEDURES C-13 3D magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data were obtained from 14 tumor-bearing rats after the injection of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate at a 3T scanner. Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) perfusion-weighted MR images were obtained following intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA. Normalized lactate, pyruvate, total carbon, and lactate to pyruvate ratio from C-13 MRSI data were compared with normalized peak height and percent recovery of ΔR2* curve from the DSC images in the voxels containing tumor using a Pearson's linear correlation. RESULTS Normalized peak height from DSC imaging showed substantial correlations with normalized lactate (r = 0.6, p = 0.02) and total carbon (r = 0.6, p = 0.02) from hyperpolarized C-13 MRSI data. CONCLUSIONS Since the peak height in the ΔR2* curve from DSC data is related to the extent of blood volume, these hyperpolarized C-13 imaging parameters may be used to assess blood volume in rodent intracranial xenograft models of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jeabongro 42, Donggu, Gwangju, 61469, South Korea. .,Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Janine M Lupo
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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12
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Parker JG, Diller EE, Cao S, Nelson JT, Yeom K, Ho C, Lober R. Statistical multiscale mapping of IDH1, MGMT, and microvascular proliferation in human brain tumors from multiparametric MR and spatially-registered core biopsy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17112. [PMID: 31745125 PMCID: PMC6864039 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose a statistical multiscale mapping approach to identify microscopic and molecular heterogeneity across a tumor microenvironment using multiparametric MR (mp-MR). Twenty-nine patients underwent pre-surgical mp-MR followed by MR-guided stereotactic core biopsy. The locations of the biopsy cores were identified in the pre-surgical images using stereotactic bitmaps acquired during surgery. Feature matrices mapped the multiparametric voxel values in the vicinity of the biopsy cores to the pathologic outcome variables for each patient and logistic regression tested the individual and collective predictive power of the MR contrasts. A non-parametric weighted k-nearest neighbor classifier evaluated the feature matrices in a leave-one-out cross validation design across patients. Resulting class membership probabilities were converted to chi-square statistics to develop full-brain parametric maps, implementing Gaussian random field theory to estimate inter-voxel dependencies. Corrections for family-wise error rates were performed using Benjamini-Hochberg and random field theory, and the resulting accuracies were compared. The combination of all five image contrasts correlated with outcome (P < 10−4) for all four microscopic variables. The probabilistic mapping method using Benjamini-Hochberg generated statistically significant results (α ≤ 0.05) for three of the four dependent variables: (1) IDH1, (2) MGMT, and (3) microvascular proliferation, with an average classification accuracy of 0.984 ± 0.02 and an average classification sensitivity of 1.567% ± 0.967. The images corrected by random field theory demonstrated improved classification accuracy (0.989 ± 0.008) and classification sensitivity (5.967% ± 2.857) compared with Benjamini-Hochberg. Microscopic and molecular tumor properties can be assessed with statistical confidence across the brain from minimally-invasive, mp-MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Parker
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, USA. .,School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Indiana, USA.
| | - Emily E Diller
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, USA.,School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, Indiana, USA
| | - Sha Cao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, USA
| | - Jeremy T Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, USA.,Military Health Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Kristen Yeom
- Radiology, Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital and Stanford University Medical Center, California, USA
| | - Chang Ho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert Lober
- Neurosurgery, Dayton Children's Hospital, Ohio, USA
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13
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Vidya Shankar R, Chang JC, Hu HH, Kodibagkar VD. Fast data acquisition techniques in magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4046. [PMID: 30637822 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) is an important technique for assessing the spatial variation of metabolites in vivo. The long scan times in MRSI limit clinical applicability due to patient discomfort, increased costs, motion artifacts, and limited protocol flexibility. Faster acquisition strategies can address these limitations and could potentially facilitate increased adoption of MRSI into routine clinical protocols with minimal addition to the current anatomical and functional acquisition protocols in terms of imaging time. Not surprisingly, a lot of effort has been devoted to the development of faster MRSI techniques that aim to capture the same underlying metabolic information (relative metabolite peak areas and spatial distribution) as obtained by conventional MRSI, in greatly reduced time. The gain in imaging time results, in some cases, in a loss of signal-to-noise ratio and/or in spatial and spectral blurring. This review examines the current techniques and advances in fast MRSI in two and three spatial dimensions and their applications. This review categorizes the acceleration techniques according to their strategy for acquisition of the k-space. Techniques such as fast/turbo-spin echo MRSI, echo-planar spectroscopic imaging, and non-Cartesian MRSI effectively cover the full k-space in a more efficient manner per TR . On the other hand, techniques such as parallel imaging and compressed sensing acquire fewer k-space points and employ advanced reconstruction algorithms to recreate the spatial-spectral information, which maintains statistical fidelity in test conditions (ie no statistically significant differences on voxel-wise comparisions) with the fully sampled data. The advantages and limitations of each state-of-the-art technique are reviewed in detail, concluding with a note on future directions and challenges in the field of fast spectroscopic imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Vidya Shankar
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - John C Chang
- Banner M D Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ, USA
- School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Houchun H Hu
- Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Vikram D Kodibagkar
- School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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14
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Miller JJ, Grist JT, Serres S, Larkin JR, Lau AZ, Ray K, Fisher KR, Hansen E, Tougaard RS, Nielsen PM, Lindhardt J, Laustsen C, Gallagher FA, Tyler DJ, Sibson N. 13C Pyruvate Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier in Preclinical Hyperpolarised MRI. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15082. [PMID: 30305655 PMCID: PMC6180068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33363-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarised MRI with Dynamic Nuclear Polarisation overcomes the fundamental thermodynamic limitations of conventional magnetic resonance, and is translating to human studies with several early-phase clinical trials in progress including early reports that demonstrate the utility of the technique to observe lactate production in human brain cancer patients. Owing to the fundamental coupling of metabolism and tissue function, metabolic neuroimaging with hyperpolarised [1-13C]pyruvate has the potential to be revolutionary in numerous neurological disorders (e.g. brain tumour, ischemic stroke, and multiple sclerosis). Through the use of [1-13C]pyruvate and ethyl-[1-13C]pyruvate in naïve brain, a rodent model of metastasis to the brain, or porcine brain subjected to mannitol osmotic shock, we show that pyruvate transport across the blood-brain barrier of anaesthetised animals is rate-limiting. We show through use of a well-characterised rat model of brain metastasis that the appearance of hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate production corresponds to the point of blood-brain barrier breakdown in the disease. With the more lipophilic ethyl-[1-13C]pyruvate, we observe pyruvate production endogenously throughout the entire brain and lactate production only in the region of disease. In the in vivo porcine brain we show that mannitol shock permeabilises the blood-brain barrier sufficiently for a dramatic 90-fold increase in pyruvate transport and conversion to lactate in the brain, which is otherwise not resolvable. This suggests that earlier reports of whole-brain metabolism in anaesthetised animals may be confounded by partial volume effects and not informative enough for translational studies. Issues relating to pyruvate transport and partial volume effects must therefore be considered in pre-clinical studies investigating neuro-metabolism in anaesthetised animals, and we additionally note that these same techniques may provide a distinct biomarker of blood-brain barrier permeability in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Miller
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK.
| | - James T Grist
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sébastien Serres
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James R Larkin
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angus Z Lau
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kevin Ray
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Esben Hansen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Stilling Tougaard
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lindhardt
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Damian J Tyler
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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15
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Park I, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Carvajal L, Chen HY, Bok R, Van Criekinge M, Ferrone M, Slater JB, Xu D, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Chang S, Nelson SJ. Development of methods and feasibility of using hyperpolarized carbon-13 imaging data for evaluating brain metabolism in patient studies. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:864-873. [PMID: 29322616 PMCID: PMC5980662 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging is a non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating real-time metabolism. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement experimental strategies for using [1-13C]pyruvate to probe in vivo metabolism for patients with brain tumors and other neurological diseases. Methods The 13C RF coils and pulse sequences were tested in a phantom and were performed using a 3T whole body scanner. Samples of [1-13C]pyruvate were polarized using a SPINlab system. Dynamic 13C data were acquired from eight patients previously diagnosed with brain tumors, who had received treatment and were being followed with serial MR scans. Results The phantom studies produced good quality spectra with a reduction in signal intensity in the center due to the reception profiles of the 13C receive coils. Dynamic data obtained from a 3 cm slice through a patient’s brain following injection with [1-13C]pyruvate showed the anticipated arrival of the agent, its conversion to lactate and bicarbonate, and subsequent reduction in signal intensity. A similar temporal pattern was observed in 2D dynamic patient studies, with signals corresponding to pyruvate, lactate and bicarbonate being in normal appearing brain but only pyruvate and lactate being detected in regions corresponding to the anatomic lesion. Physiological monitoring and follow-up confirmed that there were no adverse events associated with the injection. Conclusions This study has presented the first application of hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging in patients with brain tumor and demonstrated the safety and feasibility of using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate to evaluate in vivo brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Peder EZ. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Marcus Ferrone
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - James B. Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Susan Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sarah J. Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
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16
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Park I, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Carvajal L, Chen HY, Bok R, Van Criekinge M, Ferrone M, Slater JB, Xu D, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB, Chang S, Nelson SJ. Development of methods and feasibility of using hyperpolarized carbon-13 imaging data for evaluating brain metabolism in patient studies. Magn Reson Med 2018. [PMID: 29322616 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.v80.310.1002/mrm.27077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging is a non-invasive imaging modality for evaluating real-time metabolism. The purpose of this study was to develop and implement experimental strategies for using [1-13C]pyruvate to probe in vivo metabolism for patients with brain tumors and other neurological diseases. METHODS The 13C RF coils and pulse sequences were tested in a phantom and were performed using a 3T whole body scanner. Samples of [1-13C]pyruvate were polarized using a SPINlab system. Dynamic 13C data were acquired from eight patients previously diagnosed with brain tumors, who had received treatment and were being followed with serial MR scans. RESULTS The phantom studies produced good quality spectra with a reduction in signal intensity in the center due to the reception profiles of the 13C receive coils. Dynamic data obtained from a 3 cm slice through a patient’s brain following injection with [1-13C]pyruvate showed the anticipated arrival of the agent, its conversion to lactate and bicarbonate, and subsequent reduction in signal intensity. A similar temporal pattern was observed in 2D dynamic patient studies, with signals corresponding to pyruvate, lactate and bicarbonate being in normal appearing brain but only pyruvate and lactate being detected in regions corresponding to the anatomic lesion. Physiological monitoring and follow-up confirmed that there were no adverse events associated with the injection. CONCLUSIONS This study has presented the first application of hyperpolarized 13C metabolic imaging in patients with brain tumor and demonstrated the safety and feasibility of using hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate to evaluate in vivo brain metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark Van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marcus Ferrone
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James B Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Duan Xu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Susan Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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17
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Measuring Tumor Metabolism in Pediatric Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma Using Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MR Metabolic Imaging. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2018; 2018:3215658. [PMID: 30174560 PMCID: PMC6098895 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3215658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objective The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of using hyperpolarized carbon-13 (13C) metabolic imaging with [1-13C]-labeled pyruvate for evaluating real-time in vivo metabolism of orthotopic diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) xenografts. Materials and Methods 3D 13C magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) data were acquired on a 3T scanner from 8 rats that had been implanted with human-derived DIPG cells in the brainstem and 5 healthy controls, following injection of 2.5 mL (100 mM) hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate. Results Anatomical images from DIPG-bearing rats characteristically exhibited T2-hyperintensity throughout the cerebellum and pons that was not accompanied by contrast enhancement. Evaluation of real-time in vivo13C spectroscopic data revealed ratios of lactate-to-pyruvate (p < 0.002), lactate-to-total carbon (p < 0.002), and normalized lactate (p < 0.002) that were significantly higher in T2 lesions harboring tumor relative to corresponding values of healthy normal brain. Elevated levels of lactate in lesions demonstrated a distinct metabolic profile that was associated with infiltrative, viable tumor recapitulating the histopathology of pediatric DIPG. Conclusions Results from this study characterized pyruvate and lactate metabolism in orthotopic DIPG xenografts and suggest that hyperpolarized 13C MRSI may serve as a noninvasive imaging technique for in vivo monitoring of biochemical processes in patients with DIPG.
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18
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Salzillo TC, Hu J, Nguyen L, Whiting N, Lee J, Weygand J, Dutta P, Pudakalakatti S, Millward NZ, Gammon ST, Lang FF, Heimberger AB, Bhattacharya PK. Interrogating Metabolism in Brain Cancer. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am 2017; 24:687-703. [PMID: 27742110 DOI: 10.1016/j.mric.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews existing and emerging techniques of interrogating metabolism in brain cancer from well-established proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to the promising hyperpolarized metabolic imaging and chemical exchange saturation transfer and emerging techniques of imaging inflammation. Some of these techniques are at an early stage of development and clinical trials are in progress in patients to establish the clinical efficacy. It is likely that in vivo metabolomics and metabolic imaging is the next frontier in brain cancer diagnosis and assessing therapeutic efficacy; with the combined knowledge of genomics and proteomics a complete understanding of tumorigenesis in brain might be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis C Salzillo
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jingzhe Hu
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linda Nguyen
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicholas Whiting
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jaehyuk Lee
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Weygand
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prasanta Dutta
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shivanand Pudakalakatti
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Niki Zacharias Millward
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seth T Gammon
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frederick F Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pratip K Bhattacharya
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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19
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Adamson EB, Ludwig KD, Mummy DG, Fain SB. Magnetic resonance imaging with hyperpolarized agents: methods and applications. Phys Med Biol 2017; 62:R81-R123. [PMID: 28384123 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aa6be8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade, hyperpolarized (HP) contrast agents have been under active development for MRI applications to address the twin challenges of functional and quantitative imaging. Both HP helium (3He) and xenon (129Xe) gases have reached the stage where they are under study in clinical research. HP 129Xe, in particular, is poised for larger scale clinical research to investigate asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and fibrotic lung diseases. With advances in polarizer technology and unique capabilities for imaging of 129Xe gas exchange into lung tissue and blood, HP 129Xe MRI is attracting new attention. In parallel, HP 13C and 15N MRI methods have steadily advanced in a wide range of pre-clinical research applications for imaging metabolism in various cancers and cardiac disease. The HP [1-13C] pyruvate MRI technique, in particular, has undergone phase I trials in prostate cancer and is poised for investigational new drug trials at multiple institutions in cancer and cardiac applications. This review treats the methodology behind both HP gases and HP 13C and 15N liquid state agents. Gas and liquid phase HP agents share similar technologies for achieving non-equilibrium polarization outside the field of the MRI scanner, strategies for image data acquisition, and translational challenges in moving from pre-clinical to clinical research. To cover the wide array of methods and applications, this review is organized by numerical section into (1) a brief introduction, (2) the physical and biological properties of the most common polarized agents with a brief summary of applications and methods of polarization, (3) methods for image acquisition and reconstruction specific to improving data acquisition efficiency for HP MRI, (4) the main physical properties that enable unique measures of physiology or metabolic pathways, followed by a more detailed review of the literature describing the use of HP agents to study: (5) metabolic pathways in cancer and cardiac disease and (6) lung function in both pre-clinical and clinical research studies, concluding with (7) some future directions and challenges, and (8) an overall summary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin B Adamson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
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20
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Park I, Nelson SJ, Talbott JF. In Vivo Monitoring of Rat Spinal Cord Metabolism Using Hyperpolarized Carbon-13 MR Spectroscopic Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:2407-2409. [PMID: 27516238 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrated the feasibility of using hyperpolarized 13C-MR spectroscopic imaging with [1-13C]-pyruvate to evaluate in vivo spinal cord metabolism. High pyruvate and relatively small lactate signal were observed in the cervical spinal cords of naive rats. Lactate and pyruvate measures were similar for spinal cord and supratentorial brain. The results from this study establish baseline measures for spinal cord hyperpolarized MRS imaging with 13C pyruvate. This technique holds promise as a valuable molecular imaging tool for monitoring biochemical processes in the normal and diseased spinal cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Park
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (I.P., S.J.N., J.F.T.)
| | - S J Nelson
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (I.P., S.J.N., J.F.T.).,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences (S.J.N.)
| | - J F Talbott
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (I.P., S.J.N., J.F.T.).,Brain and Spinal Injury Center (BASIC), San Francisco General Hospital (J.F.T.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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21
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Hyperpolarization MRI: Preclinical Models and Potential Applications in Neuroradiology. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 25:31-7. [PMID: 26848559 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization is a novel technology that can dramatically increase signal to noise in magnetic resonance. The method is being applied to small injectable endogenous molecules, which can be used to monitor transient in vivo metabolic events, in real time. The emergence of hyperpolarized C-labeled probes, specifically C pyruvate, has enabled monitoring of core cellular metabolic events. Neuro-oncological applications have been demonstrated in preclinical models. Many more applications of this technology are envisioned, with transformative potential in magnetic resonance imaging.
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Pickard AJ, Sohn ASW, Bartenstein TF, He S, Zhang Y, Gallo JM. Intracerebral Distribution of the Oncometabolite d-2-Hydroxyglutarate in Mice Bearing Mutant Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Brain Tumors: Implications for Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2016; 6:211. [PMID: 27781195 PMCID: PMC5057413 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) brain tumors has generated significant efforts to understand the role of the mutated enzyme product d-2-hydroxyglutarate (D2HG), an oncometabolite, in tumorigenesis, as well as means to eliminate it. Glymphatic clearance was proposed as a pathway that could be manipulated to accelerate D2HG clearance and dictated the study design that consisted of two cohorts of mice bearing U87/mutant IDH1 intracerebral tumors that underwent two microdialysis - providing D2HG interstitial fluid concentrations - sampling periods of awake and asleep (activate glymphatic clearance) in a crossover manner. Glymphatic clearance was found not to have a significant effect on D2HG brain tumor interstitial fluid concentrations that were 126.9 ± 74.8 μM awake and 117.6 ± 98.6 μM asleep. These concentrations, although low relative to total brain tumor concentrations of 6.8 ± 3.6 mM, were considered sufficient to be transported by interstitial fluid and taken up into normal cells to cause deleterious effects. A model of D2HG CNS distribution supported this contention and was further supported by in vitro studies that showed D2HG could interfere with immune cell function. The study provides insight into the compartmental distribution of D2HG in the brain, wherein the interstitial fluid serves as a dynamic pathway for D2HG to enter normal cells and contribute to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Pickard
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Albert S W Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Thomas F Bartenstein
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Shan He
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - James M Gallo
- Department of Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
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Hyperpolarized MRS: New tool to study real-time brain function and metabolism. Anal Biochem 2016; 529:270-277. [PMID: 27665679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The advent of dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) led to the emergence of a new kind of magnetic resonance (MR) measurements providing the opportunity to probe metabolism in vivo in real time. It has been shown that, following the injection of hyperpolarized substrates prepared using dissolution DNP, specific metabolic bioprobes that can be used to differentiate between healthy and pathological tissue in preclinical and clinical studies can be readily detected by MR thanks to the tremendous signal enhancement. The present article aims at reviewing the studies of cerebral function and metabolism based on the use of hyperpolarized MR. The constraints and future opportunities that this technology could offer are discussed.
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Park I, von Morze C, Lupo JM, Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Kadambi A, Vigneron DB, Nelson SJ. Investigating tumor perfusion by hyperpolarized 13 C MRI with comparison to conventional gadolinium contrast-enhanced MRI and pathology in orthotopic human GBM xenografts. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:841-847. [PMID: 26892398 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enables the acquisition of 13 C magnetic resonance data with a high sensitivity. Recently, metabolically inactive hyperpolarized 13 C-labeled compounds have shown to be potentially useful for perfusion imaging. The purpose of this study was to validate hyperpolarized perfusion imaging methods by comparing with conventional gadolinium (Gd)-based perfusion MRI techniques and pathology. METHODS Dynamic 13 C data using metabolically inactive hyperpolarized bis-1,1-(hydroxymethyl)-[1-13 C]cyclopropane-d8 (HMCP) were obtained from an orthotopic human glioblastoma (GBM) model for the characterization of tumor perfusion and compared with standard Gd-based dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI data and immunohistochemical analysis from resected brains. RESULTS Distinct HMCP perfusion characteristics were observed within the GBM tumors compared with contralateral normal brain tissue. The perfusion parameters obtained from the hyperpolarized HMCP data in tumor were strongly correlated with normalized peak height measured from the DSC images. The results from immunohistochemical analysis supported these findings by showing a high level of vascular staining for tumor that exhibited high levels of hyperpolarized HMCP signal. CONCLUSION The results from this study have demonstrated that hyperpolarized HMCP data can be used as an indicator of tumor perfusion in an orthotopic xenograft model for GBM. Magn Reson Med 77:841-847, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Park
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Janine M Lupo
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jan H Ardenkjaer-Larsen
- GE Healthcare, Brøndby, Denmark.,Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Achuta Kadambi
- Media Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a powerful tool for noninvasively investigating normal and abnormal metabolism. When used in combination with imaging strategies, multinuclear MRS methods provide detailed biochemical information that can be directly correlated with anatomical features. Hyperpolarized C MRS is a new technology that reflects real-time metabolic conversion and is likely to be extremely valuable in managing patients with cancer. This article reviews the use of in vivo P, H, and C MRS for assessing cancer metabolism in order to provide information for diagnosis, planning treatment, assessing response to therapy, and predicting survival for patients with cancer.
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Hollingsworth KG. Reducing acquisition time in clinical MRI by data undersampling and compressed sensing reconstruction. Phys Med Biol 2015; 60:R297-322. [PMID: 26448064 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/60/21/r297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MRI is often the most sensitive or appropriate technique for important measurements in clinical diagnosis and research, but lengthy acquisition times limit its use due to cost and considerations of patient comfort and compliance. Once an image field of view and resolution is chosen, the minimum scan acquisition time is normally fixed by the amount of raw data that must be acquired to meet the Nyquist criteria. Recently, there has been research interest in using the theory of compressed sensing (CS) in MR imaging to reduce scan acquisition times. The theory argues that if our target MR image is sparse, having signal information in only a small proportion of pixels (like an angiogram), or if the image can be mathematically transformed to be sparse then it is possible to use that sparsity to recover a high definition image from substantially less acquired data. This review starts by considering methods of k-space undersampling which have already been incorporated into routine clinical imaging (partial Fourier imaging and parallel imaging), and then explains the basis of using compressed sensing in MRI. The practical considerations of applying CS to MRI acquisitions are discussed, such as designing k-space undersampling schemes, optimizing adjustable parameters in reconstructions and exploiting the power of combined compressed sensing and parallel imaging (CS-PI). A selection of clinical applications that have used CS and CS-PI prospectively are considered. The review concludes by signposting other imaging acceleration techniques under present development before concluding with a consideration of the potential impact and obstacles to bringing compressed sensing into routine use in clinical MRI.
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Liu CH. Anatomical, functional and molecular biomarker applications of magnetic resonance neuroimaging. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2015; 10:49-65. [DOI: 10.2217/fnl.14.60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT MRI and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) along with computed tomography and PET are the most common imaging modalities used in the clinics to detect structural abnormalities and pathological conditions in the brain. MRI generates superb image resolution/contrast without radiation exposure that is associated with computed tomography and PET; MRS and spectroscopic imaging technologies allow us to measure changes in brain biochemistry. Increasingly, neurobiologists and MRI scientists are collaborating to solve neuroscience problems across sub-cellular through anatomical levels. To achieve successful cross-disciplinary collaborations, neurobiologists must have sufficient knowledge of magnetic resonance principles and applications in order to effectively communicate with their MRI colleagues. This review provides an overview of magnetic resonance techniques and how they can be used to gain insight into the active brain at the anatomical, functional and molecular levels with the goal of encouraging neurobiologists to include MRI/MRS as a research tool in their endeavors.
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Park I, Mukherjee J, Ito M, Chaumeil MM, Jalbert LE, Gaensler K, Ronen SM, Nelson SJ, Pieper RO. Changes in pyruvate metabolism detected by magnetic resonance imaging are linked to DNA damage and serve as a sensor of temozolomide response in glioblastoma cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:7115-24. [PMID: 25320009 PMCID: PMC4253720 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent findings show that exposure to temozolomide (TMZ), a DNA-damaging drug used to treat glioblastoma (GBM), can suppress the conversion of pyruvate to lactate. To understand the mechanistic basis for this effect and its potential utility as a TMZ response biomarker, we compared the response of isogenic GBM cell populations differing only in expression of the DNA repair protein methyltransferase (MGMT), a TMZ-sensitivity determinant, after exposure to TMZ in vitro and in vivo. Hyperpolarized [1-((13))C]-pyruvate-based MRI was used to monitor temporal effects on pyruvate metabolism in parallel with DNA-damage responses and tumor cell growth. TMZ exposure decreased conversion of pyruvate to lactate only in MGMT-deficient cells. This effect coincided temporally with TMZ-induced increases in levels of the DNA-damage response protein pChk1. Changes in pyruvate to lactate conversion triggered by TMZ preceded tumor growth suppression and were not associated with changes in levels of NADH or lactate dehydrogenase activity in tumors. Instead, they were associated with a TMZ-induced decrease in the expression and activity of pyruvate kinase PKM2, a glycolytic enzyme that indirectly controls pyruvate metabolism. PKM2 silencing decreased PK activity, intracellular lactate levels, and conversion of pyruvate to lactate in the same manner as TMZ, and Chk1 silencing blocked the TMZ-induced decrease in PKM2 expression. Overall, our findings showed how TMZ-induced DNA damage is linked through PKM2 to changes in pyruvate metabolism, and how these changes can be exploited by MRI methods as an early sensor of TMZ therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Joydeep Mukherjee
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Brain Tumor Research Centre, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Motokazu Ito
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Brain Tumor Research Centre, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Llewellyn E Jalbert
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Karin Gaensler
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sabrina M Ronen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Sarah J Nelson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
| | - Russell O Pieper
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California. Brain Tumor Research Centre, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California.
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Park I, Larson PEZ, Tropp JL, Carvajal L, Reed G, Bok R, Robb F, Bringas J, Kells A, Pivirotto P, Bankiewicz K, Vigneron DB, Nelson SJ. Dynamic hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR metabolic imaging of nonhuman primate brain. Magn Reson Med 2014; 71:19-25. [PMID: 24346964 PMCID: PMC4041734 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate hyperpolarized (13) C metabolic imaging methods in the primate brain that can be translated into future clinical trials for patients with brain cancer. METHODS (13) C coils and pulse sequences designed for use in humans were tested in phantoms. Dynamic (13) C data were obtained from a healthy cynomolgus monkey brain using the optimized (13) C coils and pulse sequences. The metabolite kinetics were estimated from two-dimensional localized (13) C dynamic imaging data from the nonhuman primate brain. RESULTS Pyruvate and lactate signal were observed in both the brain and the surrounding tissues with the maximum signal-to-noise ratio of 218 and 29 for pyruvate and lactate, respectively. Apparent rate constants for the conversion of pyruvate to lactate and the ratio of lactate to pyruvate showed a difference between brain and surrounding tissues. CONCLUSION The feasibility of using hyperpolarized [1-(13) C]-pyruvate for assessing in vivo metabolism in a healthy nonhuman primate brain was demonstrated using a hyperpolarized (13) C imaging experimental setup designed for studying patients with brain tumors. The kinetics of the metabolite conversion suggests that this approach may be useful in future studies of human neuropathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilwoo Park
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E. Z. Larson
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - James L. Tropp
- Global Applied Science Lab, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Galen Reed
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fraser Robb
- Global Applied Science Lab, GE Healthcare, Menlo Park, California, USA
| | - John Bringas
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Adrian Kells
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Philip Pivirotto
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Krystof Bankiewicz
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah J. Nelson
- Surbeck Laboratory of Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Nelson SJ, Ozhinsky E, Li Y, Park IW, Crane J. Strategies for rapid in vivo 1H and hyperpolarized 13C MR spectroscopic imaging. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2013; 229:187-97. [PMID: 23453759 PMCID: PMC3808990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In vivo MRSI is an important imaging modality that has been shown in numerous research studies to give biologically relevant information for assessing the underlying mechanisms of disease and for monitoring response to therapy. The increasing availability of high field scanners and multichannel radiofrequency coils has provided the opportunity to acquire in vivo data with significant improvements in sensitivity and signal to noise ratio. These capabilities may be used to shorten acquisition time and provide increased coverage. The ability to acquire rapid, volumetric MRSI data is critical for examining heterogeneity in metabolic profiles and for relating serial changes in metabolism within the same individual during the course of the disease. In this review we discuss the implementation of strategies that use alternative k-space sampling trajectories and parallel imaging methods in order to speed up data acquisition. The impact of such methods is demonstrated using three recent examples of how these methods have been applied. These are to the acquisition of robust 3D (1)H MRSI data within 5-10 min at a field strength of 3 T, to obtaining higher sensitivity for (1)H MRSI at 7 T and to using ultrafast volumetric and dynamic (13)C MRSI for monitoring the changes in signals that occur following the injection of hyperpolarized (13)C agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Nelson
- Surbeck Laboratory for Advanced Imaging, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158-2330, USA.
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