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Hoffmann E, Masthoff M, Kunz WG, Seidensticker M, Bobe S, Gerwing M, Berdel WE, Schliemann C, Faber C, Wildgruber M. Multiparametric MRI for characterization of the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2024; 21:428-448. [PMID: 38641651 DOI: 10.1038/s41571-024-00891-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Our understanding of tumour biology has evolved over the past decades and cancer is now viewed as a complex ecosystem with interactions between various cellular and non-cellular components within the tumour microenvironment (TME) at multiple scales. However, morphological imaging remains the mainstay of tumour staging and assessment of response to therapy, and the characterization of the TME with non-invasive imaging has not yet entered routine clinical practice. By combining multiple MRI sequences, each providing different but complementary information about the TME, multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) enables non-invasive assessment of molecular and cellular features within the TME, including their spatial and temporal heterogeneity. With an increasing number of advanced MRI techniques bridging the gap between preclinical and clinical applications, mpMRI could ultimately guide the selection of treatment approaches, precisely tailored to each individual patient, tumour and therapeutic modality. In this Review, we describe the evolving role of mpMRI in the non-invasive characterization of the TME, outline its applications for cancer detection, staging and assessment of response to therapy, and discuss considerations and challenges for its use in future medical applications, including personalized integrated diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hoffmann
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Max Masthoff
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang G Kunz
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Max Seidensticker
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie Bobe
- Gerhard Domagk Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mirjam Gerwing
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Cornelius Faber
- Clinic of Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Moritz Wildgruber
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Reesink DJ, Arteaga de Castro CS, Van der Velden T, Van Vooren J, Oost P, Jonges TGN, Lam MGEH, de Keizer B, Willemse PPM, Meijer RP, Klomp DWJ. Feasibility of clinical studies of chemical exchange saturation transfer magnetic resonance imaging of prostate cancer at 7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4958. [PMID: 37094995 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) has been explored for differentiation between tumour and benign tissue in prostate cancer (PCa) patients. With ultrahigh field strengths such as 7-T, the increase of spectral resolution and sensitivity could allow for selective detection of amide proton transfer (APT) at 3.5 ppm and a group of compounds that resonate at 2 ppm (i.e., [poly]amines and/or creatine). The potential of 7-T multipool CEST analysis of the prostate and the detection of PCa was studied in patients with proven localised PCa who were scheduled to undergo robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). Twelve patients were prospectively included (mean age 68.0 years, mean serum prostate-specific antigen 7.8ng/mL). A total of 24 lesions larger than 2 mm were analysed. Used were 7-T T2-weighted (T2W) imaging and 48 spectral CEST points. Patients received 1.5-T/3-T prostate magnetic resonance imaging and galium-68-prostate-specific membrane antigen-positron emission tomography/computerised tomography to determine the location of the single-slice CEST. Based on the histopathological results after RARP, three regions of interest were drawn on the T2W images from a known malignant zone and benign zone in the central and peripheral zones. These areas were transposed to the CEST data, from which the APT and 2-ppm CEST were calculated. The statistical significance of the CEST between the central zone, the peripheral zone, and tumour was calculated using a Kruskal-Wallis test. The z-spectra showed that APT and even a distinct pool that resonated at 2 ppm were detectable. This study showed a difference trend in the APT levels, but no difference in the 2-ppm levels when tested between the central zone, the peripheral zone, and tumour (H(2) = 4.8, p = 0.093 and H(2) = 0.86, p = 0.651, respectively). Thus, to conclude, we could most likely detect APT and amines and/or creatine levels noninvasively in prostate using the CEST effect. At group level, CEST showed a higher level of APT in the peripheral versus the central zone; however, no differences of APT and 2-ppm levels were observed in tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan J Reesink
- Department of Oncological Urology, Division Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catalina S Arteaga de Castro
- Department of Precision Imaging, Division Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tijl Van der Velden
- Department of Precision Imaging, Division Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeanette Van Vooren
- Department of Radiology, Division Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Petri Oost
- Department of Urology, Tergooi Hospital Hilversum, Hilversum, The Netherlands
| | - Trudy G N Jonges
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marnix G E H Lam
- Department of Radiology, Division Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart de Keizer
- Department of Radiology, Division Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter-Paul M Willemse
- Department of Oncological Urology, Division Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Meijer
- Department of Oncological Urology, Division Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Department of Precision Imaging, Division Imaging and Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Stamatelatou A, Sima DM, van Huffel S, van Asten JJA, Heerschap A, Scheenen TWJ. Post-acquisition water-signal removal in 3D water-unsuppressed 1 H-MR spectroscopic imaging of the prostate. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1741-1753. [PMID: 36572967 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a robust processing procedure of raw signals from water-unsuppressed MRSI of the prostate for the mapping of absolute tissue concentrations of metabolites. METHODS Water-unsuppressed 3D MRSI data were acquired from a phantom, from healthy volunteers, and a patient with prostate cancer. Signal processing included sequential computation of the modulus of the FID to remove water sidebands, a Hilbert transformation, and k-space Hamming filtering. For the removal of the water signal, we compared Löwner tensor-based blind source separation (BSS) and Hankel Lanczos singular value decomposition techniques. Absolute metabolite levels were quantified with LCModel and the results were statistically analyzed to compare the water removal methods and conventional water-suppressed MRSI. RESULTS The post-processing algorithms successfully removed the water signal and its sidebands without affecting metabolite signals. The best water removal performance was achieved by Löwner tensor-based BSS. Absolute tissue concentrations of citrate in the peripheral zone derived from water-suppressed and unsuppressed 1 H MRSI were the same and as expected from the known physiology of the healthy prostate. Maps for citrate and choline from water-unsuppressed 3D 1 H-MRSI of the prostate showed expected spatial variations in metabolite levels. CONCLUSION We developed a robust relatively simple post-processing method of water-unsuppressed MRSI of the prostate to remove the water signal. Absolute quantification using the water signal, originating from the same location as the metabolite signals, avoids the acquisition of additional reference data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Stamatelatou
- Department of Medical Imaging (766), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sabine van Huffel
- STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing and Data Analytics, Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jack J A van Asten
- Department of Medical Imaging (766), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Medical Imaging (766), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Scheenen
- Department of Medical Imaging (766), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Stamatelatou A, Scheenen TWJ, Heerschap A. Developments in proton MR spectroscopic imaging of prostate cancer. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 35:645-665. [PMID: 35445307 PMCID: PMC9363347 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-022-01011-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we review the developments of 1H-MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) methods designed to investigate prostate cancer, covering key aspects such as specific hardware, dedicated pulse sequences for data acquisition and data processing and quantification techniques. Emphasis is given to recent advancements in MRSI methodologies, as well as future developments, which can lead to overcome difficulties associated with commonly employed MRSI approaches applied in clinical routine. This includes the replacement of standard PRESS sequences for volume selection, which we identified as inadequate for clinical applications, by sLASER sequences and implementation of 1H MRSI without water signal suppression. These may enable a new evaluation of the complementary role and significance of MRSI in prostate cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Stamatelatou
- Department of Medical Imaging (766), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 10, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom W J Scheenen
- Department of Medical Imaging (766), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 10, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Medical Imaging (766), Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Geert Grooteplein 10, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Frégeau-Proulx L, Lacouture A, Berthiaume L, Weidmann C, Harvey M, Gonthier K, Pelletier JF, Neveu B, Jobin C, Bastien D, Bergeron A, Fradet Y, Lacombe L, Laverdière I, Atallah C, Pouliot F, Audet-Walsh É. Multiple metabolic pathways fuel the truncated tricarboxylic acid cycle of the prostate to sustain constant citrate production and secretion. Mol Metab 2022; 62:101516. [PMID: 35598879 PMCID: PMC9168698 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The prostate is metabolically unique: it produces high levels of citrate for secretion via a truncated tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to maintain male fertility. In prostate cancer (PCa), this phenotype is reprogrammed, making it an interesting therapeutic target. However, how the truncated prostate TCA cycle works is still not completely understood. Methods We optimized targeted metabolomics in mouse and human organoid models in ex vivo primary culture. We then used stable isotope tracer analyses to identify the pathways that fuel citrate synthesis. Results First, mouse and human organoids were shown to recapitulate the unique citrate-secretory program of the prostate, thus representing a novel model that reproduces this unusual metabolic profile. Using stable isotope tracer analysis, several key nutrients were shown to allow the completion of the prostate TCA cycle, revealing a much more complex metabolic profile than originally anticipated. Indeed, along with the known pathway of aspartate replenishing oxaloacetate, glutamine was shown to fuel citrate synthesis through both glutaminolysis and reductive carboxylation in a GLS1-dependent manner. In human organoids, aspartate entered the TCA cycle at the malate entry point, upstream of oxaloacetate. Our results demonstrate that the citrate-secretory phenotype of prostate organoids is supported by the known aspartate–oxaloacetate–citrate pathway, but also by at least three additional pathways: glutaminolysis, reductive carboxylation, and aspartate–malate conversion. Conclusions Our results add a significant new dimension to the prostate citrate-secretory phenotype, with at least four distinct pathways being involved in citrate synthesis. Better understanding this distinctive citrate metabolic program will have applications in both male fertility as well as in the development of novel targeted anti-metabolic therapies for PCa. Targeted metabolomics and stable isotope tracer analysis were optimized in mouse and human prostate organoids. Organoids recapitulate the unique citrate-secretory phenotype of the prostate. Glutamine fuels citrate synthesis for secretion by glutaminolysis and reductive carboxylation. Aspartate enters the TCA cycle at different entry points in mouse and human prostate organoids for citrate production. We revealed a much more complex TCA cycle in the prostate than originally anticipated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilianne Frégeau-Proulx
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Aurélie Lacouture
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Line Berthiaume
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cindy Weidmann
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Mario Harvey
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Gonthier
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jean-François Pelletier
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Oncology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Bertrand Neveu
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Oncology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Jobin
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Dominic Bastien
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Oncology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Bergeron
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Oncology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Fradet
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Oncology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis Lacombe
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Oncology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Laverdière
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Oncology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Chantal Atallah
- Department of Pathology, CHU de Québec - Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Oncology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Étienne Audet-Walsh
- Endocrinology - Nephrology Research Axis, CHU de Québec - Université Laval Research Center, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada; Centre de Recherche sur le Cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Polvoy I, Qin H, Flavell RR, Gordon J, Viswanath P, Sriram R, Ohliger MA, Wilson DM. Deuterium Metabolic Imaging-Rediscovery of a Spectroscopic Tool. Metabolites 2021; 11:570. [PMID: 34564385 PMCID: PMC8470013 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11090570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing demand for metabolism-specific imaging techniques has rekindled interest in Deuterium (2H) Metabolic Imaging (DMI), a robust method based on administration of a substrate (glucose, acetate, fumarate, etc.) labeled with the stable isotope of hydrogen and the observation of its metabolic fate in three-dimensions. This technique allows the investigation of multiple metabolic processes in both healthy and diseased states. Despite its low natural abundance, the short relaxation time of deuterium allows for rapid radiofrequency (RF) pulses without saturation and efficient image acquisition. In this review, we provide a comprehensive picture of the evolution of DMI over the course of recent decades, with a special focus on its potential clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Polvoy
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Jeremy Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Pavithra Viswanath
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
| | - Michael A. Ohliger
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Radiology, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA
| | - David M. Wilson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 185 Berry St., San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; (I.P.); (H.Q.); (R.R.F.); (J.G.); (P.V.); (R.S.); (M.A.O.)
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, 505 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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Moradi F, Farolfi A, Fanti S, Iagaru A. Prostate cancer: Molecular imaging and MRI. Eur J Radiol 2021; 143:109893. [PMID: 34391061 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The role of molecular imaging in initial evaluation of men with presumed or established diagnosis of prostate cancer and work up of biochemical recurrence and metastatic disease is rapidly evolving due to superior diagnostic performance compared to anatomic imaging. However, variable tumor biology and expression of transmembrane proteins or metabolic alterations poses a challenge. We review the evidence and controversies with emphasis on emerging PET radiopharmaceuticals and experience on clinical utility of PET/CT and PET/MRI in diagnosis and management of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Moradi
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Andrea Farolfi
- Nuclear Medicine Division, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Nuclear Medicine Division, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrei Iagaru
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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8
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Novel Prostate Cancer Biomarkers: Aetiology, Clinical Performance and Sensing Applications. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9080205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The review initially provides a short introduction to prostate cancer (PCa) incidence, mortality, and diagnostics. Next, the need for novel biomarkers for PCa diagnostics is briefly discussed. The core of the review provides details about PCa aetiology, alternative biomarkers available for PCa diagnostics besides prostate specific antigen and their biosensing. In particular, low molecular mass biomolecules (ions and metabolites) and high molecular mass biomolecules (proteins, RNA, DNA, glycoproteins, enzymes) are discussed, along with clinical performance parameters.
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9
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Ji B, Hosseini Z, Wang L, Zhou L, Tu X, Mao H. Spectral Wavelet-feature Analysis and Classification Assisted Denoising for enhancing magnetic resonance spectroscopy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4497. [PMID: 33751691 PMCID: PMC8969585 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is capable of revealing important biochemical and metabolic information of tissues noninvasively. However, the low concentrations of metabolites often lead to poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a long acquisition time. Therefore, the applications of MRS in detection and quantitative measurements of metabolites in vivo remain limited. Reducing or even eliminating noise can improve SNR sufficiently to obtain high quality spectra in addition to increasing the number of signal averaging (NSA) or the field strength, both of which are limited in clinical applications. We present a Spectral Wavelet-feature ANalysis and Classification Assisted Denoising (SWANCAD) approach to differentiate signal and noise peaks in magnetic resonance spectra based on their respective wavelet features, followed by removing the identified noise components to improve SNR. The performance of this new denoising approach was evaluated by measuring and comparing SNRs and quantified metabolite levels of low NSA spectra (e.g. NSA = 8) before and after denoising using the SWANCAD approach or by conventional spectral fitting and denoising methods, such as LCModel and wavelet threshold methods, as well as the high NSA spectra (e.g. NSA = 192) recorded in the same sampling volumes. The results demonstrated that SWANCAD offers a more effective way to detect the signals and improve SNR by removing noise from the noisy spectra collected with low NSA or in the subminute scan time (e.g. NSA = 8 or 16 s). The potential applications of SWANCAD include using low NSA to accelerate MRS acquisition while maintaining adequate spectroscopic information for detection and quantification of the metabolites of interest when a limited time is available for an MRS examination in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ji
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, The United States of America
| | - Zahra Hosseini
- MR R&D Collaborations, Siemens Medical Solutions Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, The United States of America
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, The United States of America
- Department of Radiology, The People’s Hospital of Longhua, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, The United States of America
| | - Xinhua Tu
- School of Communication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, The United States of America
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Hui Mao, PhD, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1841 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, Tel: 404-712-0357, Fax: 404-712-5689,
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10
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Peng Q, Wong CYP, Cheuk IWY, Teoh JYC, Chiu PKF, Ng CF. The Emerging Clinical Role of Spermine in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094382. [PMID: 33922247 PMCID: PMC8122740 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Spermine, a member of polyamines, exists in all organisms and is essential for normal cell growth and function. It is highly expressed in the prostate compared with other organs and is detectable in urine, tissue, expressed prostatic secretions, and erythrocyte. A significant reduction of spermine level was observed in prostate cancer (PCa) tissue compared with benign prostate tissue, and the level of urinary spermine was also significantly lower in men with PCa. Decreased spermine level may be used as an indicator of malignant phenotype transformation from normal to malignant tissue in prostate. Studies targeting polyamines and key rate-limiting enzymes associated with spermine metabolism as a tool for PCa therapy and chemoprevention have been conducted with various polyamine biosynthesis inhibitors and polyamine analogues. The mechanism between spermine and PCa development are possibly related to the regulation of polyamine metabolism, cancer-driving pathways, oxidative stress, anticancer immunosurveillance, and apoptosis regulation. Although the specific mechanism of spermine in PCa development is still unclear, ongoing research in spermine metabolism and its association with PCa pathophysiology opens up new opportunities in the diagnostic and therapeutic roles of spermine in PCa management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chi-Fai Ng
- Correspondence: (P.K.-F.C.); (C.-F.N.); Tel.: +85-235-052-625 (C.-F.N.)
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Prasad S, Chandra A, Cavo M, Parasido E, Fricke S, Lee Y, D'Amone E, Gigli G, Albanese C, Rodriguez O, Del Mercato LL. Optical and magnetic resonance imaging approaches for investigating the tumour microenvironment: state-of-the-art review and future trends. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:062001. [PMID: 33065554 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abc208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The tumour microenvironment (TME) strongly influences tumorigenesis and metastasis. Two of the most characterized properties of the TME are acidosis and hypoxia, both of which are considered hallmarks of tumours as well as critical factors in response to anticancer treatments. Currently, various imaging approaches exist to measure acidosis and hypoxia in the TME, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography and optical imaging. In this review, we will focus on the latest fluorescent-based methods for optical sensing of cell metabolism and MRI as diagnostic imaging tools applied both in vitro and in vivo. The primary emphasis will be on describing the current and future uses of systems that can measure intra- and extra-cellular pH and oxygen changes at high spatial and temporal resolution. In addition, the suitability of these approaches for mapping tumour heterogeneity, and assessing response or failure to therapeutics will also be covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Prasad
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Anil Chandra
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marta Cavo
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Erika Parasido
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Stanley Fricke
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Yichien Lee
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Eliana D'Amone
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
- Department of Mathematics and Physics 'Ennio De Giorgi', University of Salento, via Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Chris Albanese
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Olga Rodriguez
- Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Center for Translational Imaging, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Loretta L Del Mercato
- Institute of Nanotechnology, National Research Council (CNR-NANOTEC), c/o Campus Ecotekne, via Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
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12
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Gholizadeh N, Pundavela J, Nagarajan R, Dona A, Quadrelli S, Biswas T, Greer PB, Ramadan S. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human body fluids and in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Potential role in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2020; 38:150-173. [PMID: 31937423 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common solid organ cancer in men, and the second most common cause of male cancer-related mortality. It has few effective therapies, and is difficult to diagnose accurately. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), which is currently the most effective diagnostic tool available, cannot reliably discriminate between different pathologies, and in fact only around 30% of patients found to have elevated levels of PSA are subsequently confirmed to actually have prostate cancer. As such, there is a desperate need for more reliable diagnostic tools that will allow the early detection of prostate cancer so that the appropriate interventions can be applied. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) are 2 high throughput, noninvasive analytical procedures that have the potential to enable differentiation of prostate cancer from other pathologies using metabolomics, by focusing specifically on certain metabolites which are associated with the development of prostate cancer cells and its progression. The value that this type of approach has for the early detection, diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment of prostate cancer is becoming increasingly apparent. Recent years have seen many promising developments in the fields of NMR spectroscopy and MRS, with improvements having been made to hardware as well as to techniques associated with the acquisition, processing, and analysis of related data. This review focuses firstly on proton NMR spectroscopy of blood serum, urine, and expressed prostatic secretions in vitro, and then on 1- and 2-dimensional proton MRS of the prostate in vivo. Major advances in these fields and methodological principles of data collection, acquisition, processing, and analysis are described along with some discussion of related challenges, before prospects that proton MRS has for future improvements to the clinical management of prostate cancer are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Gholizadeh
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jay Pundavela
- Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rajakumar Nagarajan
- Human Magnetic Resonance Center, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Dona
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott Quadrelli
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Radiology Department, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Tapan Biswas
- Department of Instrumentation and Electronics Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
| | - Peter B Greer
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Radiation Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Saadallah Ramadan
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Imaging Centre, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia.
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Gholizadeh N, Greer PB, Simpson J, Fu C, Al-Iedani O, Lau P, Heerschap A, Ramadan S. Supervised risk predictor of central gland lesions in prostate cancer using 1 H MR spectroscopic imaging with gradient offset-independent adiabaticity pulses. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:1926-1936. [PMID: 31132193 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the histological heterogeneity of the central gland, accurate detection of central gland prostate cancer remains a challenge. PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of in vivo 3D 1 H MR spectroscopic imaging (3D 1 H MRSI) with a semi-localized adiabatic selective refocusing (sLASER) sequence and gradient-modulated offset-independent adiabatic (GOIA) pulses for detection of central gland prostate cancer. Additionally four risk models were developed to differentiate 1) normal vs. cancer, 2) low- vs. high-risk cancer, 3) low- vs. intermediate-risk cancer, and 4) intermediate- vs. high-risk cancer voxels. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Thirty-six patients with biopsy-proven central gland prostate cancer. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T MRI / 3D 1 H MRSI using GOIA-sLASER. ASSESSMENT Cancer and normal regions of interest (ROIs) were selected by an experienced radiologist and 1 H MRSI voxels were placed within the ROIs to calculate seven metabolite signal ratios. Voxels were split into two subsets, 80% for model training and 20% for testing. STATISTICAL TESTS Four support vector machine (SVM) models were built using the training dataset. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for each model were calculated for the testing dataset. RESULTS High-quality MR spectra were obtained for the whole central gland of the prostate. The normal vs. cancer diagnostic model achieved the highest predictive performance with an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 96.2%, 95.8%, and 93.1%, respectively. The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of the low- vs. high-risk cancer and low- vs. intermediate-risk cancer models were 82.5%, 89.2%, 70.2%, and 73.0%, 84.7%, 60.8%, respectively. The intermediate- vs. high-risk cancer model yielded an accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity lower than 55%. DATA CONCLUSION The GOIA-sLASER sequence with an external phased-array coil allows for fast assessment of central gland prostate cancer. The classification offers a promising diagnostic tool for discriminating normal vs. cancer, low- vs. high-risk cancer, and low- vs. intermediate-risk cancer. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1926-1936.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Gholizadeh
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter B Greer
- Radiation Oncology Department, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - John Simpson
- Radiation Oncology Department, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Caixia Fu
- MR Application Development, Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Oun Al-Iedani
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Lau
- Radiation Oncology Department, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI) Imaging Centre, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saadallah Ramadan
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Esmaeili M, Tayari N, Scheenen T, Elschot M, Sandsmark E, Bertilsson H, Heerschap A, Selnæs KM, Bathen TF. Simultaneous 18F-fluciclovine Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging of Prostate Cancer. Front Oncol 2018; 8:516. [PMID: 30498693 PMCID: PMC6249271 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the associations of metabolite levels derived from magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and 18F-fluciclovine positron emission tomography (PET) with prostate tissue characteristics. Methods: In a cohort of 19 high-risk prostate cancer patients that underwent simultaneous PET/MRI, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of MRSI and PET for discrimination of aggressive cancer lesions from healthy tissue and benign lesions. Data analysis comprised calculations of correlations of mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean), maximum SUV (SUVmax), and the MRSI-derived ratio of (total choline + spermine + creatine) to citrate (CSC/C). Whole-mount histopathology was used as gold standard. Results: The results showed a moderate significant correlation between both SUVmean and SUVmax with CSC/C ratio. Conclusions: We demonstrated that the simultaneous acquisition of 18F-fluciclovine PET and MRSI with an integrated PET/MRI system is feasible and a combination of these imaging modalities has potential to improve the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Esmaeili
- Deparment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Nassim Tayari
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tom Scheenen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Mattijs Elschot
- Deparment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elise Sandsmark
- Deparment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Helena Bertilsson
- Department of Surgery, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten M Selnæs
- Deparment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Deparment of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
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Mazaheri Y, Shukla-Dave A, Goldman DA, Moskowitz CS, Takeda T, Reuter VE, Akin O, Hricak H. Characterization of prostate cancer with MR spectroscopic imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 55:93-102. [PMID: 30176373 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To retrospectively measure metabolic ratios and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values from 3-Tesla MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in benign and malignant peripheral zone (PZ) prostate tissue, assess the parameters' associations with malignancy, and develop and test rules for classifying benign and malignant PZ tissue using whole-mount step-section pathology as the reference standard. METHODS This HIPAA-compliant, IRB-approved study included 67 men (median age, 61 years; range, 41-74 years) with biopsy-proven prostate cancer who underwent preoperative 3 T endorectal multiparametric MRI and had ≥1 PZ lesion >0.1 cm3 at whole-mount histopathology. In benign and malignant PZ regions identified from pathology, voxel-based choline/citrate, polyamines/choline, polyamines/creatine, and (choline + polyamines + creatine)/citrate ratios were averaged, as were ADC values. Patients were randomly split into training and test sets; rules for separating benign from malignant regions were generated with classification and regression tree (CART) analysis and assessed on the test set for sensitivity and specificity. Odds ratios (OR) were evaluated using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS CART analysis of all parameters identified only ADC and (choline + polyamines + creatine)/citrate as significant predictors of cancer. Sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 0.81 and 0.82 with MRSI-derived, 0.98 and 0.51 with DWI-derived, and 0.79 and 0.90 with MRSI + DWI-derived classification rules. Areas under the curves (AUC) in the test set were 0.93 (0.87-0.97) with ADC, 0.82 (0.72-0.91) with MRSI, and 0.96 (0.92-0.99) with MRSI + ADC. CONCLUSION We developed statistically-based rules for identifying PZ cancer using 3-Tesla MRSI, DWI, and MRSI + DWI and demonstrated the potential value of MRSI + DWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousef Mazaheri
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Amita Shukla-Dave
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Debra A Goldman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chaya S Moskowitz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Toshikazu Takeda
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor E Reuter
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oguz Akin
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hedvig Hricak
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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High-Quality 3-Dimensional 1H Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Imaging of the Prostate Without Endorectal Receive Coil Using A Semi-LASER Sequence. Invest Radiol 2018. [PMID: 28632688 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Inclusion of 3-dimensional H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (3D-H-MRSI) in routine multiparametric MRI of the prostate requires good quality spectra and easy interpretable metabolite maps of the whole organ obtained without endorectal coil in clinically feasible acquisition times. We evaluated if a semi-LASER pulse sequence with gradient offset independent adiabaticity refocusing pulses (GOIA-sLASER) for volume selection can meet these requirements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirteen patients with suspicion of prostate cancer and 1 patient known to have prostate cancer were examined at 3 T with a multichannel body-receive coil. A 3D-H-MRSI sequence with GOIA-sLASER volume selection (echo time, 88 milliseconds) was added to a routine clinical multiparametric MRI examination of these patients. Repetition times from 630 to 1000 milliseconds and effective voxel sizes of approximately 0.9 and 0.6 cm were tested. Spectral components were quantified by LCModel software for quality assessment and to construct choline and citrate maps. RESULTS Three-dimensional MRSI of the prostate was successfully performed in all patients in measurement times of 5 to 10 minutes. Analysis of the multiparametric MRI examination or of biopsies did not reveal malignant tissue in the prostate of the 13 patients. In 1404 evaluated voxels acquired from 13 patients, the citrate resonance could be fitted with a high reliability (Cramér-Rao lower bound <30%), 100% for 7 × 7 × 7-mm voxels and 96 ± 7 in 6 × 6 × 6-mm voxels. The percentage of 7 × 7 × 7-mm voxels in which the choline signal was fitted with Cramér-Rao lower bound of less than 30% was approximately 50% at a TR of 630 milliseconds and increased to more than 80% for TRs of 800 milliseconds and above. In the patient with prostate cancer, choline was detectable throughout the prostate in spectra recorded at a TR of 700 milliseconds. The homogeneous B1 field over the prostate of the receive coil enabled the generation of whole organ metabolite maps, revealing choline and citrate variations between areas with normal prostate tissue, seminal vesicles, proliferative benign prostatic hyperplasia, and tumor. CONCLUSIONS The good signal-to-noise ratio and low chemical shift artifacts of GOIA-sLASER at an echo time of 88 milliseconds enable acquisition of high-quality 3D-H-MRSI of the prostate without endorectal coil in less than 10 minutes. This facilitates reconstruction of easy interpretable, quantitative metabolite maps for routine clinical applications of prostate MRSI.
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17
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[Technique of proton and phosphorous MR spectroscopy]. Radiologe 2018; 57:428-437. [PMID: 28331946 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-017-0240-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
CLINICAL/METHODICAL ISSUE Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is an important non-invasive method that can reveal the concentration and spatial distribution of particular biochemically relevant tissue metabolites. STANDARD RADIOLOGICAL METHODS Proton MRS is routinely applicable in the clinical setting providing good quality results even with a moderate magnetic field strength of 1.5 T. Relative values of metabolite concentrations are mostly used for the assessment of metabolic disorders. METHODICAL INNOVATIONS Absolute quantification of metabolites can be achieved by means of internal or external reference scans. Phosphorous MRS extends the range of detectable molecules to energy and cell membrane metabolism. PERFORMANCE The lower detection limit of metabolite concentrations is in the range of some mmol/kg. Depending on the magnetic field strength, MRS enables a spatial resolution of a few milliliters. ACHIEVEMENTS The use of phosphorous MRS is considerably limited because higher field strengths of at least 3.0 T and additional expensive hardware for signal processing are required.
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Kumar V, Bora GS, Kumar R, Jagannathan NR. Multiparametric (mp) MRI of prostate cancer. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 105:23-40. [PMID: 29548365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers in men. A large number of men are detected with PCa; however, the clinical behavior ranges from low-grade indolent tumors that never develop into a clinically significant disease to aggressive, invasive tumors that may rapidly progress to metastatic disease. The challenges in clinical management of PCa are at levels of screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up after treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) methods have shown a potential role in detection, localization, staging, assessment of aggressiveness, targeting biopsies, etc. in PCa patients. Multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) is emerging as a better option compared to the individual imaging methods used in the evaluation of PCa. There are attempts to improve the reproducibility and reliability of mpMRI by using an objective scoring system proposed in the prostate imaging reporting and data system (PIRADS) for standardized reporting. Prebiopsy mpMRI may be used to detect PCa in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen or abnormal digital rectal examination and to enable targeted biopsies. mpMRI can also be used to decide on clinical management of patients, for example active surveillance, and may help in detecting only the pathology that requires detection. It can potentially not only guide patient selection for initial and repeat biopsy but also reduce false-negative biopsies. This review presents a description of the MR methods most commonly applied for investigations of prostate. The anatomical, functional and metabolic parameters obtained from these MR methods are discussed with regard to their physical basis and their contribution to mpMRI investigations of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra Kumar
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
| | - Girdhar S Bora
- Department of Urology, Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India
| | - Naranamangalam R Jagannathan
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Dwivedi DK, Kumar R, Dwivedi AK, Bora GS, Thulkar S, Sharma S, Gupta SD, Jagannathan NR. Prebiopsy multiparametric MRI-based risk score for predicting prostate cancer in biopsy-naive men with prostate-specific antigen between 4-10 ng/mL. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:1227-1236. [PMID: 28872226 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk calculators have traditionally utilized serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values in addition to clinical variables to predict the likelihood of prostate cancer (PCa). PURPOSE To develop a prebiopsy multiparametric MRI (mpMRI)-based risk score (RS) and a statistical equation for predicting the risk of PCa in biopsy-naive men with serum PSA between 4-10 ng/mL that may help reduce unnecessary biopsies. STUDY TYPE Prospective cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS In all, 137 consecutive men with PSA between 4-10 ng/mL underwent prebiopsy mpMRI (diffusion-weighted [DW]-MRI and MR spectroscopic imaging [MRSI]) during 2009-2015 were recruited for this study. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 1.5T (Avanto, Siemens Health Care, Erlangen, Germany); T1 -weighted, T2 -weighted, DW-MRI, and MRSI sequences were used. ASSESSMENT All eligible patients underwent mpMRI-directed, cognitive-fusion transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided biopsies. STATISTICAL TESTS An equation model and an RS were developed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and a multivariable logistic regression approach. A 10-fold crossvalidation and simulation analyses were performed to assess diagnostic performance of various combinations of mpMRI parameters. RESULTS Of 137 patients, 32 were diagnosed with PCa on biopsy. Multivariable analysis, adjusted with positive pathology, showed apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), metabolite ratio, and PSA as significant predictors of PCa (P < 0.05). A statistical equation was derived using these predictors. A simple 6-point mpMRI-based RS was derived for calculating the risk of PCa and it showed that it is highly predictive for PCa (odds ratio = 3.74, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.24-6.27, area under the curve [AUC] = 0.87). Both models (equation and RS) yielded high predictive performance (AUC ≥0.85) on validation analysis. DATA CONCLUSION A statistical equation and a simple 6-point mpMRI-based RS can be used as a point-of-care tool to potentially help limit the number of negative biopsies in men with PSA between 4 and 10 ng/mL. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1227-1236.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durgesh Kumar Dwivedi
- Department of NMR & MRI Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Kumar Dwivedi
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Girdhar S Bora
- Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Thulkar
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Department of Radio-diagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Tayari N, Heerschap A, Scheenen TW, Kobus T. In vivo MR spectroscopic imaging of the prostate, from application to interpretation. Anal Biochem 2017; 529:158-170. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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21
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DCE-MRI, DW-MRI, and MRS in Cancer: Challenges and Advantages of Implementing Qualitative and Quantitative Multi-parametric Imaging in the Clinic. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 25:245-254. [PMID: 27748710 PMCID: PMC5081190 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) offers a unique insight into tumor biology by combining functional MRI techniques that inform on cellularity (diffusion-weighted MRI), vascular properties (dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI), and metabolites (magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and has scope to provide valuable information for prognostication and response assessment. Challenges in the application of mpMRI in the clinic include the technical considerations in acquiring good quality functional MRI data, development of robust techniques for analysis, and clinical interpretation of the results. This article summarizes the technical challenges in acquisition and analysis of multi-parametric MRI data before reviewing the key applications of multi-parametric MRI in clinical research and practice.
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Vergeldt FJ, Prusova A, Fereidouni F, Amerongen HV, Van As H, Scheenen TWJ, Bader AN. Multi-component quantitative magnetic resonance imaging by phasor representation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:861. [PMID: 28408740 PMCID: PMC5429833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00864-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) is a versatile, non-destructive and non-invasive tool in life, material, and medical sciences. When multiple components contribute to the signal in a single pixel, however, it is difficult to quantify their individual contributions and characteristic parameters. Here we introduce the concept of phasor representation to qMRI to disentangle the signals from multiple components in imaging data. Plotting the phasors allowed for decomposition, unmixing, segmentation and quantification of our in vivo data from a plant stem, a human and mouse brain and a human prostate. In human brain images, we could identify 3 main T2 components and 3 apparent diffusion coefficients; in human prostate 5 main contributing spectral shapes were distinguished. The presented phasor analysis is model-free, fast and accurate. Moreover, we also show that it works for undersampled data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank J Vergeldt
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alena Prusova
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Farzad Fereidouni
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Herbert van Amerongen
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,MicroSpectroscopy Centre, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk Van As
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,Wageningen NMR Centre, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Tom W J Scheenen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arjen N Bader
- Laboratory of Biophysics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,MicroSpectroscopy Centre, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Screening and Detection of Prostate Cancer-Review of Literature and Current Perspective. Indian J Surg Oncol 2017; 8:160-168. [PMID: 28546712 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-016-0584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening of prostatic cancer is a matter of debate among uro-oncologist. With many new screening modalities like prostatic health index (PHI), 4K testing the role of screening has increased as one is able to stratify patients with serum prostate specific antigen level in a grey zone of 4-10 ng/ml and normal digital rectal examination into various risk groups, thus avoiding unnecessary biopsy which was the pitfalls of routine screening practice. PHI is better at predicting malignancy while 4K is better at predicting high-grade disease. This in combination with multiparametric MRI especially with prostate imaging reporting and data system score has made screening less difficult and more meaningful for a practising uro-oncologist.
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Weis J, von Below C, Tolf A, Ortiz-Nieto F, Wassberg C, Häggman M, Ladjevardi S, Ahlström H. Quantification of metabolite concentrations in benign and malignant prostate tissues using 3D proton MR spectroscopic imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:1232-1240. [PMID: 27556571 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To estimate concentrations of choline (Cho), spermine (Spm), and citrate (Cit) in prostate tissue using 3D proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) with water as an internal concentration reference as well as to assess the relationships between the measured metabolites and also between the metabolites and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-six prostate cancer patients were scanned at 3T. Spectra were acquired with the point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) localization technique. Single-voxel spectra of four healthy volunteers were used to estimate T1 relaxation time of Spm. Spm, Cho concentrations, and ADC values of benign prostate tissues were correlated with Cit content. RESULTS The T1 value, 708 ± 132 msec, was estimated for Spm. Mean concentrations in the benign peripheral zone (PZ) were Cho, 4.5 ± 1 mM, Spm, 13.0 ± 4.4 mM, Cit, 64.4 ± 16.1 mM. Corresponding values in the benign central gland (CG) were Cho, 3.6 ± 1 mM, Spm, 13.3 ± 4.5 mM, Cit, 34.3 ± 12.9 mM. Concentrations of Cit and Spm were positively correlated in the benign PZ zone (r = 0.730) and CG (r = 0.664). Positive correlation was found between Cit and Cho in the benign CG (r = 0.705). Whereas Cit and ADC were positively correlated in the benign PZ (r = 0.673), only low correlation was found in CG (r = 0.265). CONCLUSION We have shown that it is possible to perform water-referenced quantitative 3D MRSI of the prostate at the cost of a relatively short prolongation of the acquisition time. The individual metabolite concentrations provide additional information compared to the previously used metabolite-to-citrate ratios. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1232-1240.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Weis
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Catrin von Below
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Tolf
- Department of Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Cecilia Wassberg
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Sam Ladjevardi
- Department of Urology, University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Ahlström
- Department of Radiology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Dezortova M, Jiru F, Skoch A, Capek V, Ryznarova Z, Vik V, Hajek M. The aging effect on prostate metabolite concentrations measured by 1H MR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 30:65-74. [PMID: 27522359 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-016-0584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effects of aging, magnetic field and the voxel localization on measured concentrations of citrate (Cit), creatine (Cr), cholines (Cho) and polyamines (PA) in a healthy prostate were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS 36 examinations at both 1.5T and 3T imagers of 52 healthy subjects aged 19-71 years were performed with PRESS 3D-CSI sequences (TE = 120 and 145 ms). Concentrations in laboratory units and their ratios to citrate were calculated using the LCModel technique. Absolute concentrations were also obtained after the application of correction coefficients. Statistical analysis was performed using a robust linear mixed effects model. RESULTS Significant effects of aging, the magnetic field strength and the voxel position in central (CZ) or peripheral (PZ) zones on all measured metabolites were found. The concentrations (mmol/kg wet tissue) including prediction intervals in a range of 20-70 years were found: Cit: 7.9-17.2; Cho: 1.4-1.7; Cr: 2.8-2.5; PA (as spermine): 0.6-2.1 at 3T in CZ. In PZ, the concentrations were higher by about 10 % as compared to CZ. CONCLUSION Increasing citrate and spermine concentrations with age are significant and correlate well with a recently described increase of zinc in the prostate. These findings should be considered in decision-making if the values obtained from a subject are in the range of control values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Dezortova
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 14021, Prague 4, Czech Republic.
| | - Filip Jiru
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 14021, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Antonin Skoch
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 14021, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Capek
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 14021, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Ryznarova
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 14021, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Viktor Vik
- Department of Urology, Thomayer Hospital, Videnska 800, 14000, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Hajek
- MR-Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Medicine, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Videnska 1958/9, 14021, Prague 4, Czech Republic
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Pascual L, Campos I, Vivancos JL, Quintás G, Loras A, Martínez-Bisbal MC, Martínez-Máñez R, Boronat F, Ruiz-Cerdà JL. Detection of prostate cancer using a voltammetric electronic tongue. Analyst 2016; 141:4562-7. [PMID: 27375181 DOI: 10.1039/c6an01044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple method based on the multivariate analysis of data from urine using an electronic voltammetric tongue is used to detect patients with prostate cancer. A sensitivity of 91% and a specificity of 73% were obtained to distinguish the urine from cancer patients and the urine from non-cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lluís Pascual
- Instituto Interuniversitario de Investigación de Reconocimiento Molecular y Desarrollo Tecnológico (IDM), Unidad Mixta Universitat Politècnica de València - Universitat de València, Spain.
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Madhu B, Shaw GL, Warren AY, Neal DE, Griffiths JR. Response of Degarelix treatment in human prostate cancer monitored by HR-MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy. Metabolomics 2016; 12:120. [PMID: 27429605 PMCID: PMC4927592 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The androgen receptor (AR) is the master regulator of prostate cancer cell metabolism. Degarelix is a novel gonadotrophin-releasing hormone blocker, used to decrease serum androgen levels in order to treat advanced human prostate cancer. Little is known of the rapid metabolic response of the human prostate cancer tissue samples to the decreased androgen levels. OBJECTIVES To investigate the metabolic responses in benign and cancerous tissue samples from patients after treatment with Degarelix by using HRMAS 1H NMR spectroscopy. METHODS Using non-destructive HR-MAS 1H NMR spectroscopy we analysed the metabolic changes induced by decreased AR signalling in human prostate cancer tissue samples. Absolute concentrations of the metabolites alanine, lactate, glutamine, glutamate, citrate, choline compounds [t-choline = choline + phosphocholine (PC) + glycerophosphocholine (GPC)], creatine compounds [t-creatine = creatine (Cr) + phosphocreatine (PCr)], taurine, myo-inositol and polyamines were measured in benign prostate tissue samples (n = 10), in prostate cancer specimens from untreated patients (n = 7) and prostate cancer specimens from patients treated with Degarelix (n = 6). RESULTS Lactate, alanine and t-choline concentrations were significantly elevated in high-grade prostate cancer samples when compared to benign samples in untreated patients. Decreased androgen levels resulted in significant decreases of lactate and t-choline concentrations in human prostate cancer biopsies. CONCLUSIONS The reduced concentrations of lactate and t-choline metabolites due to Degarelix could in principle be monitored by in vivo 1H MRS, which suggests that it would be possible to monitor the effects of physical or chemical castration in patients by that non-invasive method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basetti Madhu
- />Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
| | - Greg L. Shaw
- />Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- />Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
- />University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Anne Y. Warren
- />Department of Pathology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - David E. Neal
- />Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
- />Department of Urology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, UK
- />Nuffield Department of Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - John R. Griffiths
- />Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, University of Cambridge, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE UK
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28
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Busch MHJ, Vollmann W, Mateiescu S, Stolze M, Deli M, Garmer M, Grönemeyer DHW. Reproducibility of brain metabolite concentration measurements in lesion free white matter at 1.5 T. BMC Med Imaging 2015; 15:40. [PMID: 26420249 PMCID: PMC4588462 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-015-0085-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Post processing for brain spectra has a great influence on the fit quality of individual spectra, as well as on the reproducibility of results from comparable spectra. This investigation used pairs of spectra, identical in system parameters, position and time assumed to differ only in noise. The metabolite amplitudes of fitted time domain spectroscopic data were tested on reproducibility for the main brain metabolites. Methods Proton spectra of white matter brain tissue were acquired with a short spin echo time of 30 ms and a moderate repetition time of 1500 ms at 1.5 T. The pairs were investigated with one time domain post-processing algorithm using different parameters. The number of metabolites, the use of prior knowledge, base line parameters and common or individual damping were varied to evaluate the best reproducibility. Results The protocols with most reproducible amplitudes for N-acetylaspartate, creatine, choline, myo-inositol and the combined Glx line of glutamate and glutamine in lesion free white matter have the following common features: common damping of the main metabolites, a baseline using only the points of the first 10 ms, no additional lipid/macromolecule lines and Glx is taken as the sum of separately fitted glutamate and glutamine. This parameter set is different to the one delivering the best individual fit results. Discussion All spectra were acquired in “lesion free” (no lesion signs found in MR imaging) white matter. Spectra of brain lesions, for example tumors, can be drastically different. Thus the results are limited to lesion free brain tissue. Nevertheless the application to studies is broad, because small alterations in brain biochemistry of lesion free areas had been detected nearby tumors, in patients with multiple sclerosis, drug abuse or psychiatric disorders. Conclusion Main metabolite amplitudes inside healthy brain can be quantified with a normalized root mean square deviation around 5 % using CH3 of creatine as reference. Only the reproducibility of myo-inositol is roughly twice as bad. The reproducibility should be similar using other references like internal or external water for an absolute concentration evaluation and are not influenced by relaxation corrections with literature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin H J Busch
- Grönemeyer Institut für Mikrotherapie, Universitätsstraße 142, D-44799, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Vollmann
- Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin, Luxemburger Straße 10, D-13353, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Serban Mateiescu
- Grönemeyer Institut für Mikrotherapie, Universitätsstraße 142, D-44799, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Manuel Stolze
- Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, D-44801, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Martin Deli
- Amedo Smart Tracking Solutions, Universitätsstraße 142, D-44799, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Marietta Garmer
- Grönemeyer Institut für Mikrotherapie, Universitätsstraße 142, D-44799, Bochum, Germany.
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Lagemaat MW, Breukels V, Vos EK, Kerr AB, van Uden MJ, Orzada S, Bitz AK, Maas MC, Scheenen TWJ. (1)H MR spectroscopic imaging of the prostate at 7T using spectral-spatial pulses. Magn Reson Med 2015; 75:933-45. [PMID: 25943445 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the feasibility of prostate (1)H MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) using low-power spectral-spatial (SPSP) pulses at 7T, exploiting accurate spectral selection and spatial selectivity simultaneously. METHODS A double spin-echo sequence was equipped with SPSP refocusing pulses with a spectral selectivity of 1 ppm. Three-dimensional prostate (1)H-MRSI at 7T was performed with the SPSP-MRSI sequence using an 8-channel transmit array coil and an endorectal receive coil in three patients with prostate cancer and in one healthy subject. No additional water or lipid suppression pulses were used. RESULTS Prostate (1)H-MRSI could be obtained well within specific absorption rate (SAR) limits in a clinically feasible time (10 min). Next to the common citrate signals, the prostate spectra exhibited high spermine signals concealing creatine and sometimes also choline. Residual lipid signals were observed at the edges of the prostate because of limitations in spectral and spatial selectivity. CONCLUSION It is possible to perform prostate (1)H-MRSI at 7T with a SPSP-MRSI sequence while using separate transmit and receive coils. This low-SAR MRSI concept provides the opportunity to increase spatial resolution of MRSI within reasonable scan times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam W Lagemaat
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Breukels
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eline K Vos
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Adam B Kerr
- Magnetic Resonance Systems Research Lab, Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Mark J van Uden
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stephan Orzada
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas K Bitz
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marnix C Maas
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom W J Scheenen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Novel tools for prostate cancer prognosis, diagnosis, and follow-up. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:890697. [PMID: 24877145 PMCID: PMC4024423 DOI: 10.1155/2014/890697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the main diagnostic tool when it comes to prostate cancer but it possesses serious limitations. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more sensitive and specific biomarkers for prostate cancer prognosis and patient follow-up. Recent advances led to the discovery of many novel diagnostic/prognostic techniques and provided us with many worthwhile candidates. This paper briefly reviews the most promising biomarkers with respect to their implementation in screening, early detection, diagnostic confirmation, prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic response or monitoring disease and recurrence; and their use as possible therapeutic targets. This review also examines the possible future directions in the field of prostate cancer marker research.
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