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Ren J, Yu F, Greenberg BM. ATP line splitting in association with reduced intracellular magnesium and pH: a brain 31 P MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) study of pediatric patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGADs). NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4836. [PMID: 36150743 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the past four decades, ATP, the obligatory energy molecule for keeping all cells alive and functioning, has been thought to contribute only one set of signals in brain 31 P MR spectra. Here we report for the first time the observation of two separate β-ATP peaks in brain spectra acquired from patients with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disorders (MOGADs) using 3D MRSI at 7 T. In voxel spectra with β-ATP line splitting, these two peaks are separated by 0.46 ± 0.18 ppm (n = 6). Spectral lineshape analysis indicates that the upper field β-ATP peak is smaller in relative intensity (24 ± 11% versus 76 ± 11%), and narrower in linewidth (56.8 ± 10.3 versus 41.2 ± 10.3 Hz) than the downfield one. Data analysis also reveals a similar line splitting for the intracellular inorganic phosphate (Pi ) signal, which is characterized by two components with a smaller separation (0.16 ± 0.09 ppm) and an intensity ratio (26 ± 7%:74 ± 7%) comparable to that of β-ATP. While the major components of Pi and β-ATP correspond to a neutral intracellular pH (6.99 ± 0.01) and a free Mg2+ level (0.18 ± 0.02 mM, by Iotti's conversion formula) as found in healthy subjects, their minor counterparts relate to a slightly acidic pH (6.86 ± 0.07) and a 50% lower [Mg2+ ] (0.09 ± 0.02 mM), respectively. Data correlation between β-ATP and Pi signals appears to suggest an association between an increased [H+ ] and a reduced [Mg2+ ] in MOGAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimin Ren
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin M Greenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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van Houtum Q(, Mohamed Hoesein F(, Verhoeff J(, van Rossum P(, van Lindert A(, van der Velden T(, van der Kemp W(, Klomp D(, Arteaga de Castro C(. Feasibility of 31 P spectroscopic imaging at 7 T in lung carcinoma patients. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4204. [PMID: 31736167 PMCID: PMC8244006 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Currently, it is difficult to predict effective therapy response to molecular therapies for the treatment of lung cancer based solely on anatomical images. 31 P MR spectroscopic imaging could provide as a non-invasive method to monitor potential biomarkers for early therapy evaluation, a necessity to improve personalized care and reduce cost. However, surface coils limit the imaging volume in conventional 31 P MRSI. High-energetic adiabatic RF pulses are required to achieve flip angle homogeneity but lead to high SAR. Birdcage coils permit use of conventional amplitude modulated pulses, even over large FOV, potentially decreasing overall SAR massively. Here, we investigate the feasibility of 3D 31 P MRSI at 7 T in lung carcinoma patients using an integrated 31 P birdcage body coil in combination with either a dual-coil or a 16-channel receiver. Simulations showed a maximum decrease in SNR per unit of time of 8% for flip angle deviations in short TR low flip-angle excitation 3D CSI. The minimal SNR loss allowed for fast 3D CSI without time-consuming calibration steps (>10:00 min.). 31 P spectra from four lung carcinoma patients were acquired within 29:00 minutes and with high SNR using both receivers. The latter allowed discrimination of individual phosphodiesters, inorganic phosphate, phosphocreatine and ATP. The receiver array allowed for an increased FOV compared to the dual-coil receiver. 3D 31 P-CSI were acquired successfully in four lung carcinoma patients using the integrated 31 P body coil at ultra-high field. The increased spectral resolution at 7 T allowed differentiation of multiple 31 P metabolites related to phospholipid and energy metabolism. Simulations provide motivation to exclude 31 P B1 calibrations, potentially decreasing total scan duration. Employing large receiver arrays improves the field of view allowing for full organ coverage. 31 P MRSI is feasible in lung carcinoma patients and has potential as a non-invasive method for monitoring personalized therapy response in lung tumors.
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Santos-Díaz A, Noseworthy MD. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging (31P-MRS/MRSI) as a window to brain and muscle metabolism: A review of the methods. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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van Houtum Q, Welting D, Gosselink W, Klomp D, Arteaga de Castro C, van der Kemp W. Low SAR 31 P (multi-echo) spectroscopic imaging using an integrated whole-body transmit coil at 7T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4178. [PMID: 31608515 PMCID: PMC6900186 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (31 P) MRSI provides opportunities to monitor potential biomarkers. However, current applications of 31 P MRS are generally restricted to relatively small volumes as small coils are used. Conventional surface coils require high energy adiabatic RF pulses to achieve flip angle homogeneity, leading to high specific absorption rates (SARs), and occupy space within the MRI bore. A birdcage coil behind the bore cover can potentially reduce the SAR constraints massively by use of conventional amplitude modulated pulses without sacrificing patient space. Here, we demonstrate that the integrated 31 P birdcage coil setup with a high power RF amplifier at 7 T allows for low flip angle excitations with short repetition time (TR ) for fast 3D chemical shift imaging (CSI) and 3D T1 -weighted CSI as well as high flip angle multi-refocusing pulses, enabling multi-echo CSI that can measure metabolite T2 , over a large field of view in the body. B1+ calibration showed a variation of only 30% in maximum B1 in four volunteers. High signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) MRSI was obtained in the gluteal muscle using two fast in vivo 3D spectroscopic imaging protocols, with low and high flip angles, and with multi-echo MRSI without exceeding SAR levels. In addition, full liver MRSI was achieved within SAR constraints. The integrated 31 P body coil allowed for fast spectroscopic imaging and successful implementation of the multi-echo method in the body at 7 T. Moreover, no additional enclosing hardware was needed for 31 P excitation, paving the way to include larger subjects and more space for receiver arrays. The increase in possible number of RF excitations per scan time, due to the improved B1+ homogeneity and low SAR, allows SNR to be exchanged for spatial resolution in CSI and/or T1 weighting by simply manipulating TR and/or flip angle to detect and quantify ratios from different molecular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. van Houtum
- University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - D. Welting
- University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - D.W.J. Klomp
- University Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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5
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van der Kemp WJ, van der Velden TA, Schmitz AM, Gilhuijs KG, Luijten PR, Klomp DW, Wijnen JP. Shortening of apparent transverse relaxation time of inorganic phosphate as a breast cancer biomarker. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4011. [PMID: 30311703 PMCID: PMC6899594 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus MRS offers a non-invasive tool for monitoring cell energy and phospholipid metabolism and can be of additional value in diagnosing cancer and monitoring cancer therapy. In this study, we determined the transverse relaxation times of a number of phosphorous metabolites in a group of breast cancer patients by adiabatic multi-echo spectroscopic imaging at 7 T. The transverse relaxation times of phosphoethanolamine, phosphocholine, inorganic phosphate (Pi ), glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphatidylcholine were 184 ± 8 ms, 203 ± 17 ms, 87 ± 8 ms, 240 ± 56 ms and 20 ± 10 ms, respectively. The transverse relaxation time of Pi in breast cancer tissue was less than half that of healthy fibroglandular tissue. This effect is most likely caused by an up-regulation of glycolysis in breast cancer tissue that leads to interaction of Pi with the GAPDH enzyme, which forms part of the reversible pathway of exchange of Pi with gamma-adenosine tri-phosphate, thus shortening its apparent transverse relaxation time. As healthy breast tissue shows very little glycolytic activity, the apparent T2 shortening of Pi due to malignant transformation could possibly be used as a biomarker for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kenneth G. Gilhuijs
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Peter R. Luijten
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Dennis W.J. Klomp
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jannie P. Wijnen
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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6
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Krikken E, van der Kemp WJ, Khlebnikov V, van Dalen T, Los M, van Laarhoven HW, Luijten PR, van den Bosch MA, Klomp DW, Wijnen JP. Contradiction between amide-CEST signal and pH in breast cancer explained with metabolic MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4110. [PMID: 31136039 PMCID: PMC6772111 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic MRI is a noninvasive technique that can give new insights into understanding cancer metabolism and finding biomarkers to evaluate or monitor treatment plans. Using this technique, a previous study has shown an increase in pH during neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) treatment, while recent observation in a different study showed a reduced amide proton transfer (APT) signal during NAC treatment (negative relation). These findings are counterintuitive, given the known intrinsic positive relation of APT signal to pH. METHODS In this study we combined APT MRI and 31 P-MRSI measurements to unravel the relation between the APT signal and pH in breast cancer. Twenty-two breast cancer patients were scanned with a 7 T MRI before and after the first cycle of NAC treatment. pH was determined by the chemical shift of inorganic phosphate (Pi). RESULTS While APT signals have a positive relation to pH and amide content, we observed a direct negative linear correlation between APT signals and pH in breast tumors in vivo. CONCLUSIONS As differentiation of cancer stages was confirmed by observation of a linear correlation between cell proliferation marker PE/Pi (phosphoethanolamine over inorganic phosphate) and pH in the tumor, our data demonstrates that the concentration of mobile proteins likely supersedes the contribution of the exchange rate to the APT signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Krikken
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Vitaliy Khlebnikov
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Maartje Los
- Department of Medical OncologySt. Antonius ZiekenhuisNieuwegein/UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Hanneke W.M. van Laarhoven
- Department of Medical Oncology, Academic Medical Centre AmsterdamCancer Center AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Peter R. Luijten
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Dennis W.J. Klomp
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jannie P. Wijnen
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Krikken E, van der Kemp WJM, van Diest PJ, van Dalen T, van Laarhoven HWM, Luijten PR, Klomp DWJ, Wijnen JP. Early detection of changes in phospholipid metabolism during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4086. [PMID: 30924571 PMCID: PMC6593799 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to investigate whether noninvasive early detection (after the first cycle) of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer patients was possible. 31 P-MRSI at 7 T was used to determine different phosphor metabolites ratios and correlate this to pathological response. 31 P-MRSI was performed in 12 breast cancer patients treated with NAC. 31 P spectra were fitted and aligned to the frequency of phosphoethanolamine (PE). Metabolic signal ratios for phosphomonoesters/phosphodiesters (PME/PDE), phosphocholine/glycerophosphatidylcholine (PC/GPtC), phosphoethanolamine/glycerophosphoethanolamine (PE/GPE) and phosphomonoesters/in-organic phosphate (PME/Pi) were determined from spectral fitting of the individual spectra and the summed spectra before and after the first cycle of NAC. Metabolic ratios were subsequently related to pathological response. Additionally, the correlation between the measured metabolic ratios and Ki-67 levels was determined using linear regression. Four patients had a pathological complete response after treatment, five patients a partial pathological response, and three patients did not respond to NAC. In the summed spectrum after the first cycle of NAC, PME/Pi and PME/PDE decreased by 18 and 13%, respectively. A subtle difference among the different response groups was observed in PME/PDE, where the nonresponders showed an increase and the partial and complete responders a decrease (P = 0.32). No significant changes in metabolic ratios were found. However, a significant association between PE/Pi and the Ki-67 index was found (P = 0.03). We demonstrated that it is possible to detect subtle changes in 31 P metabolites with a 7 T MR system after the first cycle of NAC treatment in breast cancer patients. Nonresponders showed different changes in metabolic ratios compared with partial and complete responders, in particular for PME/PDE; however, more patients need to be included to investigate its clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erwin Krikken
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Wybe J M van der Kemp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs van Dalen
- Department of Surgery, Diakonessenhuis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter R Luijten
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jannie P Wijnen
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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van der Kemp WJ, Klomp DW, Wijnen JP. 31 P T 2 s of phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, and inorganic phosphate in the human brain at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:29-35. [PMID: 29215148 PMCID: PMC5900879 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the phosphorus-31 T2 s of phosphomonoesters, phosphodiesters, and inorganic phosphate in the healthy human brain at 7T. METHODS A 3D chemical shift imaging multi-echo sequence with composite block pulses for refocusing was used to measure one free induction decay (FID) and seven full echoes with an echo spacing of 45 ms on the brain of nine healthy volunteers (age range 22-45 years; average age 27 ± 8 years). Spectral fitting was used to determine the change in metabolic signal amplitude with echo time. RESULTS The average apparent T2 s with their standard deviation were 202 ± 6 ms, 129 ± 6 ms, 86 ± 2 ms, 214 ± 10 ms, and 213 ± 11 ms for phosphoethanolamine, phosphocholine, inorganic phosphate, glycerophosphoethanolamine, and glycerophosphocholine, respectively. CONCLUSION The determined apparent T2 for phosphoethanolamine, glycerophosphocholine, and glycerophosphoethanolamine is approximately 200 ms. The lower apparent T2 value for phosphocholine is attributed to the overlap of this resonance with the 3-phosphorous resonance of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate from blood, with an apparent shorter T2 . Omitting the FID signal and the first echo of phosphocholine leads to a T2 of 182 ± 7 ms, whereas a biexponential analysis leads to 203 ± 4 ms. These values are more in line with phosphoethanolamine and the phosphodiesters. The short T2 of inorganic phosphate is subscribed to the fast reversible exchange with γ-adenosine triphosphate, which is mediated by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase within the glycolytic pathway. Magn Reson Med 80:29-35, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dennis W.J. Klomp
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jannie P. Wijnen
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Using a whole-body 31P birdcage transmit coil and 16-element receive array for human cardiac metabolic imaging at 7T. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187153. [PMID: 29073228 PMCID: PMC5658155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Cardiac phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) provides unique insight into the mechanisms of heart failure. Yet, clinical applications have been hindered by the restricted sensitivity of the surface radiofrequency-coils normally used. These permit the analysis of spectra only from the interventricular septum, or large volumes of myocardium, which may not be meaningful in focal disease. Löring et al. recently presented a prototype whole-body (52 cm diameter) transmit/receive birdcage coil for 31P at 7T. We now present a new, easily-removable, whole-body 31P transmit radiofrequency-coil built into a patient-bed extension combined with a 16-element receive array for cardiac 31P-MRS. Materials and methods A fully-removable (55 cm diameter) birdcage transmit coil was combined with a 16-element receive array on a Magnetom 7T scanner (Siemens, Germany). Electro-magnetic field simulations and phantom tests of the setup were performed. In vivo maps of B1+, metabolite signals, and saturation-band efficiency were acquired across the torsos of eight volunteers. Results The combined (volume-transmit, local receive array) setup increased signal-to-noise ratio 2.6-fold 10 cm below the array (depth of the interventricular septum) compared to using the birdcage coil in transceiver mode. The simulated coefficient of variation for B1+ of the whole-body coil across the heart was 46.7% (surface coil 129.0%); and the in vivo measured value was 38.4%. Metabolite images of 2,3-diphosphoglycerate clearly resolved the ventricular blood pools, and muscle tissue was visible in phosphocreatine (PCr) maps. Amplitude-modulated saturation bands achieved 71±4% suppression of phosphocreatine PCr in chest-wall muscles. Subjects reported they were comfortable. Conclusion This easy-to-assemble, volume-transmit, local receive array coil combination significantly improves the homogeneity and field-of-view for metabolic imaging of the human heart at 7T.
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Schmitz AMT, Veldhuis WB, Menke-Pluijmers MBE, van der Kemp WJM, van der Velden TA, Viergever MA, Mali WPTM, Kock MCJM, Westenend PJ, Klomp DWJ, Gilhuijs KGA. Preoperative indication for systemic therapy extended to patients with early-stage breast cancer using multiparametric 7-tesla breast MRI. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183855. [PMID: 28949967 PMCID: PMC5614529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To establish a preoperative decision model for accurate indication of systemic therapy in early-stage breast cancer using multiparametric MRI at 7-tesla field strength. Materials and methods Patients eligible for breast-conserving therapy were consecutively included. Patients underwent conventional diagnostic workup and one preoperative multiparametric 7-tesla breast MRI. The postoperative (gold standard) indication for systemic therapy was established from resected tumor and lymph-node tissue, based on 10-year risk-estimates of breast cancer mortality and relapse using Adjuvant! Online. Preoperative indication was estimated using similar guidelines, but from conventional diagnostic workup. Agreement was established between preoperative and postoperative indication, and MRI-characteristics used to improve agreement. MRI-characteristics included phospomonoester/phosphodiester (PME/PDE) ratio on 31-phosphorus spectroscopy (31P-MRS), apparent diffusion coefficients on diffusion-weighted imaging, and tumor size on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE)-MRI. A decision model was built to estimate the postoperative indication from preoperatively available data. Results We included 46 women (age: 43-74yrs) with 48 invasive carcinomas. Postoperatively, 20 patients (43%) had positive, and 26 patients (57%) negative indication for systemic therapy. Using conventional workup, positive preoperative indication agreed excellently with positive postoperative indication (N = 8/8; 100%). Negative preoperative indication was correct in only 26/38 (68%) patients. However, 31P-MRS score (p = 0.030) and tumor size (p = 0.002) were associated with the postoperative indication. The decision model shows that negative indication is correct in 21/22 (96%) patients when exempting tumors larger than 2.0cm on DCE-MRI or with PME>PDE ratios at 31P-MRS. Conclusions Preoperatively, positive indication for systemic therapy is highly accurate. Negative indication is highly accurate (96%) for tumors sized ≤2,0cm on DCE-MRI and with PME≤PDE ratios on 31P-MRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. T. Schmitz
- Department of Radiology / Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - W. B. Veldhuis
- Department of Radiology / Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - W. J. M. van der Kemp
- Department of Radiology / Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - T. A. van der Velden
- Department of Radiology / Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. A. Viergever
- Department of Radiology / Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W. P. T. M. Mali
- Department of Radiology / Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M. C. J. M. Kock
- Department of Radiology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P. J. Westenend
- Department of Pathology, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D. W. J. Klomp
- Department of Radiology / Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K. G. A. Gilhuijs
- Department of Radiology / Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional 31 P chemical shift imaging is time-consuming and yields only limited spatial resolution. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate feasibility of 31 P echo-planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) in vivo at 7T. METHODS A 3D 31 P EPSI sequence with trapezoidal-shaped gradient pulses was implemented on a 7T MR scanner. To increase spectral width with reduced demand on gradient performance, a multishot approach was chosen. Acquisition weighting and 31 P-{1 H} double resonance for nuclear Overhauser signal enhancement were applied to increase sensitivity. RESULTS 3D 31 P-{1 H} EPSI data from model solution and from human calf muscle and brain were obtained from voxels with effective sizes of 4.1 to 16.2 cm3 in measurement times of approximately 10 min. Individual spectra showed well-resolved resonances of endogenous 31 P-metabolites without artifacts. Volumetric high-resolution 31 P-metabolite maps in vivo showed metabolic heterogeneity of different tissues. CONCLUSION In vivo 31 P EPSI at 7T yields high-quality metabolic images. The proposed multishot EPSI technique reduces the measurement times for acquisition of volumetric high-resolution maps of 31 P-metabolites or intracellular pH in human studies. Magn Reson Med 79:1251-1259, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Korzowski
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Medical Physics in Radiology, Heidelberg, Germany
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12
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Ma C, Clifford B, Liu Y, Gu Y, Lam F, Yu X, Liang ZP. High-resolution dynamic 31 P-MRSI using a low-rank tensor model. Magn Reson Med 2017; 78:419-428. [PMID: 28556373 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a rapid 31 P-MRSI method with high spatiospectral resolution using low-rank tensor-based data acquisition and image reconstruction. METHODS The multidimensional image function of 31 P-MRSI is represented by a low-rank tensor to capture the spatial-spectral-temporal correlations of data. A hybrid data acquisition scheme is used for sparse sampling, which consists of a set of "training" data with limited k-space coverage to capture the subspace structure of the image function, and a set of sparsely sampled "imaging" data for high-resolution image reconstruction. An explicit subspace pursuit approach is used for image reconstruction, which estimates the bases of the subspace from the "training" data and then reconstructs a high-resolution image function from the "imaging" data. RESULTS We have validated the feasibility of the proposed method using phantom and in vivo studies on a 3T whole-body scanner and a 9.4T preclinical scanner. The proposed method produced high-resolution static 31 P-MRSI images (i.e., 6.9 × 6.9 × 10 mm3 nominal resolution in a 15-min acquisition at 3T) and high-resolution, high-frame-rate dynamic 31 P-MRSI images (i.e., 1.5 × 1.5 × 1.6 mm3 nominal resolution, 30 s/frame at 9.4T). CONCLUSIONS Dynamic spatiospectral variations of 31 P-MRSI signals can be efficiently represented by a low-rank tensor. Exploiting this mathematical structure for data acquisition and image reconstruction can lead to fast 31 P-MRSI with high resolution, frame-rate, and SNR. Magn Reson Med 78:419-428, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, NMMI, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Bryan Clifford
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Yuchi Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Yuning Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Fan Lam
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Zhi-Pei Liang
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Niess F, Fiedler GB, Schmid AI, Goluch S, Kriegl R, Wolzt M, Moser E, Meyerspeer M. Interleaved multivoxel 31 P MR spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2017; 77:921-927. [PMID: 26914656 PMCID: PMC4996323 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Separate measurements are required when investigating multiple exercising muscles with singlevoxel-localized dynamic 31 P-MRS. With multivoxel spectroscopy, 31 P-MRS time-series spectra are acquired from multiple independent regions during one exercise-recovery experiment with the same time resolution as for singlevoxel measurements. METHODS Multiple independently selected volumes were localized using temporally interleaved semi-LASER excitations at 7T. Signal loss caused by mutual saturation from shared excitation or refocusing slices was quantified at partial and full overlap, and potential contamination was investigated in phantom measurements. During an exercise-recovery experiment both gastrocnemius medialis and soleus of two healthy volunteers were measured using multivoxel acquisitions with a total TR of 6 s, while avoiding overlap of excitation slices. RESULTS Signal reduction by shared adiabatic refocusing slices selected 1 s after the preceding voxel was between 10% (full overlap) and 20% (half overlap), in a phantom measurement. In vivo data were acquired from both muscles within the same exercise experiment, with 13-18% signal reduction. Spectra show phosphocreatine, inorganic phosphate, adenosine-triposphate, phosphomonoesters, and phosphodiesters. CONCLUSION Signal decrease was relatively low compared to the 2-fold increase in information. The approach could help to improve the understanding in metabolic research and is applicable to other organs and nuclei. Magn Reson Med 77:921-927, 2017. © 2016 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Niess
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringMedical University of Vienna, ViennaAustria
- MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Faculty of PhysicsTechnical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Georg B. Fiedler
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringMedical University of Vienna, ViennaAustria
- MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Albrecht I. Schmid
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringMedical University of Vienna, ViennaAustria
- MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sigrun Goluch
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringMedical University of Vienna, ViennaAustria
- MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Roberta Kriegl
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringMedical University of Vienna, ViennaAustria
- MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Wolzt
- Department of Clinical PharmacologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ewald Moser
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringMedical University of Vienna, ViennaAustria
- MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Martin Meyerspeer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringMedical University of Vienna, ViennaAustria
- MR Center of Excellence, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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van der Kemp WJ, Stehouwer BL, Boer VO, Luijten PR, Klomp DW, Wijnen JP. Proton and phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the healthy human breast at 7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3684. [PMID: 28032377 PMCID: PMC5248643 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In vivo water- and fat-suppressed 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and 31 P magnetic resonance adiabatic multi-echo spectroscopic imaging were performed at 7 T in duplicate in healthy fibroglandular breast tissue of a group of eight volunteers. The transverse relaxation times of 31 P metabolites were determined, and the reproducibility of 1 H and 31 P MRS was investigated. The transverse relaxation times for phosphoethanolamine (PE) and phosphocholine (PC) were fitted bi-exponentially, with an added short T2 component of 20 ms for adenosine monophosphate, resulting in values of 199 ± 8 and 239 ± 14 ms, respectively. The transverse relaxation time for glycerophosphocholine (GPC) was also fitted bi-exponentially, with an added short T2 component of 20 ms for glycerophosphatidylethanolamine, which resonates at a similar frequency, resulting in a value of 177 ± 6 ms. Transverse relaxation times for inorganic phosphate, γ-ATP and glycerophosphatidylcholine mobile phospholipid were fitted mono-exponentially, resulting in values of 180 ± 4, 19 ± 3 and 20 ± 4 ms, respectively. Coefficients of variation for the duplicate determinations of 1 H total choline (tChol) and the 31 P metabolites were calculated for the group of volunteers. The reproducibility of inorganic phosphate, the sum of phosphomonoesters and the sum of phosphodiesters with 31 P MRS imaging was superior to the reproducibility of 1 H MRS for tChol. 1 H and 31 P data were combined to calculate estimates of the absolute concentrations of PC, GPC and PE in healthy fibroglandular tissue, resulting in upper limits of 0.1, 0.1 and 0.2 mmol/kg of tissue, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vincent O. Boer
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Peter R. Luijten
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Dennis W.J. Klomp
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Jannie P. Wijnen
- Department of RadiologyUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
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15
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Valkovič L, Chmelík M, Krššák M. In-vivo 31P-MRS of skeletal muscle and liver: A way for non-invasive assessment of their metabolism. Anal Biochem 2017; 529:193-215. [PMID: 28119063 PMCID: PMC5478074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In addition to direct assessment of high energy phosphorus containing metabolite content within tissues, phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) provides options to measure phospholipid metabolites and cellular pH, as well as the kinetics of chemical reactions of energy metabolism in vivo. Even though the great potential of 31P-MR was recognized over 30 years ago, modern MR systems, as well as new, dedicated hardware and measurement techniques provide further opportunities for research of human biochemistry. This paper presents a methodological overview of the 31P-MR techniques that can be used for basic, physiological, or clinical research of human skeletal muscle and liver in vivo. Practical issues of 31P-MRS experiments and examples of potential applications are also provided. As signal localization is essential for liver 31P-MRS and is important for dynamic muscle examinations as well, typical localization strategies for 31P-MR are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Valkovič
- High-field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Chmelík
- High-field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI in Musculoskeletal System, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- High-field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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16
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Wijnen JP, Klomp DWJ, Nabuurs CIHC, de Graaf RA, van Kalleveen IML, van der Kemp WJM, Luijten PR, Kruit MC, Webb A, Kan HE, Boer VO. Proton observed phosphorus editing (POPE) for in vivo detection of phospholipid metabolites. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:1222-1230. [PMID: 26601921 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this article was to compare the sensitivity of proton observed phosphorus editing (POPE) with direct (31) P MRS with Ernst angle excitation for (1) H-(31) P coupled metabolites at 7 T. POPE sequences were developed for detecting phosphocholine (PC), phosphoethanolamine (PE), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) on the (1) H channel, thereby using the enhanced sensitivity of the (1) H nuclei over (31) P detection. Five healthy volunteers were examined with POPE and (31) P-MRS. POPE editing showed a more than doubled sensitivity in an ideal phantom experiment as compared with direct (31) P MRS with Ernst angle excitation. In vivo, despite increased relaxation losses, significant gains in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 30-40% were shown for PE and GPE + PC levels in the human brain. The SNR of GPC was lower in the POPE measurement compared with the (31) P-MRS measurement. Furthermore, selective narrowband editing on the (31) P channel showed the ability to separate the overlapping GPE and PE signals in the (1) H spectrum. POPE can be used for enhanced detection of (1) H-(31) P coupled metabolites in vivo. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannie P Wijnen
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Robin A de Graaf
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Wybe J M van der Kemp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Luijten
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark C Kruit
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Webb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hermien E Kan
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent O Boer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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17
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Löring J, van der Kemp WJM, Almujayyaz S, van Oorschot JWM, Luijten PR, Klomp DWJ. Whole-body radiofrequency coil for (31) P MRSI at 7 T. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:709-20. [PMID: 27037615 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Widespread use of ultrahigh-field (31) P MRSI in clinical studies is hindered by the limited field of view and non-uniform radiofrequency (RF) field obtained from surface transceivers. The non-uniform RF field necessitates the use of high specific absorption rate (SAR)-demanding adiabatic RF pulses, limiting the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) per unit of time. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of using a body-sized volume RF coil at 7 T, which enables uniform excitation and ultrafast power calibration by pick-up probes. The performance of the body coil is examined by bench tests, and phantom and in vivo measurements in a 7-T MRI scanner. The accuracy of power calibration with pick-up probes is analyzed at a clinical 3-T MR system with a close to identical (1) H body coil integrated at the MR system. Finally, we demonstrate high-quality three-dimensional (31) P MRSI of the human body at 7 T within 5 min of data acquisition that includes RF power calibration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Löring
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - W J M van der Kemp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - J W M van Oorschot
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - P R Luijten
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - D W J Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- MR Coils BV, Zaltbommel, the Netherlands
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18
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van der Kemp WJM, Stehouwer BL, Runge JH, Wijnen JP, Nederveen AJ, Luijten PR, Klomp DWJ. Glycerophosphocholine and Glycerophosphoethanolamine Are Not the Main Sources of the In Vivo (31)P MRS Phosphodiester Signals from Healthy Fibroglandular Breast Tissue at 7 T. Front Oncol 2016; 6:29. [PMID: 26913240 PMCID: PMC4753293 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The identification of the phosphodiester (PDE) (31)P MR signals in the healthy human breast at ultra-high field. METHODS In vivo (31)P MRS measurements at 7 T of the PDE signals in the breast were performed investigating the chemical shifts, the transverse- and the longitudinal relaxation times. Chemical shifts and transverse relaxation times were compared with non-ambiguous PDE signals from the liver. RESULTS The chemical shifts of the PDE signals are shifted -0.5 ppm with respect to glycerophosphocholine (GPC) and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE), and the transverse and longitudinal relaxation times for these signals are a factor 3 to 4 shorter than expected for aqueous GPC and GPE. CONCLUSION The available experimental evidence suggests that GPC and GPE are not the main source of the PDE signals measured in fibroglandular breast tissue at 7 T. These signals may predominantly originate from mobile phospholipids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jurgen H Runge
- Radiology, Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Jannie P Wijnen
- Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | | | - Peter R Luijten
- Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht , Utrecht , Netherlands
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19
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van der Velden TA, Schmitz AMT, Gilhuijs KGA, Veldhuis WB, Luijten PR, Boer VO, Klomp DWJ. Fat suppression techniques for obtaining high resolution dynamic contrast enhanced bilateral breast MR images at 7T. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 34:462-8. [PMID: 26708033 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare water selective excitation (WSE) and Dixon fat suppression in the context of high-resolution dynamic contrast enhanced MRI of the breast at 7T. METHODS Ten healthy volunteers and one patient with a malignant breast lesion were scanned at 7T. The MRI protocol contained 3D T1-weighted gradient echo images obtained with both WSE fat suppression, multi echo Dixon fat suppression, and without fat suppression. Images were acquired at a (0.8mm)(3) or (0.7mm)(3) isotropic resolution with equal field of view and optimized such to obtain a maximal SNR. Image quality was scored qualitatively on overall image quality, sharpness of anatomical details, presence of artifacts, inhomogeneous fat suppression and the presence of water-fat shift. A quantitative scoring was obtained from the signal to noise ratio and contrast to noise ratio. RESULTS WSE scored significantly better in terms of overall image quality and the absence of artifacts. No significant difference in contrast to noise ratio was found between the two fat suppression methods. CONCLUSION When maximizing temporal and spatial resolution of high resolution DCE MRI of the breast, water selective excitation provides better image quality than multi echo Dixon at 7T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijl A van der Velden
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Alexander M Th Schmitz
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Image Sciences Institute, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Kenneth G A Gilhuijs
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Utrecht, Image Sciences Institute, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter B Veldhuis
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter R Luijten
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent O Boer
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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20
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Multiparametric MRI With Dynamic Contrast Enhancement, Diffusion-Weighted Imaging, and 31-Phosphorus Spectroscopy at 7 T for Characterization of Breast Cancer. Invest Radiol 2015; 50:766-71. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Runge JH, van der Kemp WJM, Klomp DWJ, Luijten PR, Nederveen AJ, Stoker J. 2D AMESING multi-echo (31)P-MRSI of the liver at 7T allows transverse relaxation assessment and T2-weighted averaging for improved SNR. Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 34:219-26. [PMID: 26597833 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Liver diseases are a major global health concern often requiring invasive assessment by needle biopsy. (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) allows non-invasive probing of important liver metabolites. Recently, the adiabatic multi-echo spectroscopic imaging sequence with spherical k-space sampling (AMESING) was introduced at 7T, enabling acquisition of T2 information. T2-weighed averaging of the multiple echoes improves signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The purpose of our study was to implement AMESING MRSI of the liver at 3T and 7T, derive localized T2 information and compare T2-weighted average spectra in terms of SNR. METHODS Ten male volunteers underwent 2D AMESING MRSI at 3T and 7T after a minimum four-hour fast. SNR was calculated for PC, PE, Pi, GPE, GPC and α-ATP using maximum peak amplitudes and the SD of the noise. Metabolite peak ratios were calculated after fitting in jMRUI. SNR values and peak ratios were compared with the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. RESULTS For the first time liver metabolites' T2 values at 7T were measured: PE (55.6±3.5 ms), PC (51.2±2.3 ms), Pi (46.4±1.1 ms), GPE (44.0±0.8 ms), GPC (50.4±0.8 ms) and α-ATP (18.2±0.4 ms). SNR gain using T2-weighted averaging at 7T resulted in a 1.2× SNR gain. In conjunction with higher field strength and improved coil set-up T2-weighted averaging at 7T allowed a total 3.2× SNR gain compared to 3T FID-only. CONCLUSION AMESING 2D MRSI of the liver at 7T provides T2 values that allow T2-weighted averaging of data from multiple echoes resulting in improved SNR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurgen Henk Runge
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wybe J M van der Kemp
- Department of Radiology, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- Department of Radiology, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Luijten
- Department of Radiology, Image Sciences Institute, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Stoker
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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22
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van der Velden TA, Italiaander M, van der Kemp WJM, Raaijmakers AJE, Schmitz AMT, Luijten PR, Boer VO, Klomp DWJ. Radiofrequency configuration to facilitate bilateral breast (31) P MR spectroscopic imaging and high-resolution MRI at 7 Tesla. Magn Reson Med 2014; 74:1803-10. [PMID: 25521345 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE High-resolution MRI combined with phospholipid detection may improve breast cancer grading. Currently, configurations are optimized for either high-resolution imaging or (31) P spectroscopy. To be able to perform both imaging as well as spectroscopy in a single session, we integrated a (1) H receiver array into a (1) H-(31) P transceiver at 7T. To ensure negligible signal loss due to coupling between elements, we investigated the use of a floating decoupling loop to enable bilateral MRI and (31) P MRS. METHODS Two quadrature double-tuned radiofrequency coils were designed for bilateral breast MR with active detuning at the (1) H frequency. The two coils were placed adjacent to each other and decoupled for both frequencies with a single resonant floating loop. Sensitivity of the bilateral configuration, facilitating space for a 26-element (1) H receive array, was compared with a transceiver configuration. RESULTS The floating loop was able to decouple the elements over 20 dB for both frequencies. Enlargement of the elements, to provide space for the receivers, and the addition of detuning electronics altered the (31) P sensitivity by 0.4 dB. CONCLUSION Dynamic contrast-enhanced scans of 0.7 mm isotropic, diffusion-weighted imaging, and (31) P MR spectroscopic imaging can be acquired at 7T in a single session as demonstrated in a patient with invasive ductal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijl A van der Velden
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Wybe J M van der Kemp
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander J E Raaijmakers
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - A M Th Schmitz
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Peter R Luijten
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent O Boer
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis W J Klomp
- University Medical Centre Utrecht, department of Radiology, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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van der Kemp WJ, Stehouwer BL, Luijten PR, van den Bosch MA, Klomp DW. Detection of alterations in membrane metabolism during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer using phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 Tesla. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:634. [PMID: 25932360 PMCID: PMC4409619 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Here we investigate the feasibility of tumor metabolism monitoring in T1c to T3 breast cancer during neoadjuvant chemotherapy by means of phosphorus (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7 tesla (T). Five breast cancer patients were examined using a 31P MRSI sequence, prior to-, halfway-, and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The 31P MRSI data were analyzed on group and individual level and compared to a spectrum of a group of healthy volunteers. Ratios of phosphomonoesters (PME) to phosphodiesters (PDE) and phosphomonoesters to inorganic phosphate (Pi) were determined. Histopathologic assessment showed four partial responders and one complete responder to chemotherapy. The 31P spectrum of the patient group was distinctly different from the 31P spectrum of healthy volunteers and transformed its shape during the course of chemotherapy towards the shape of the spectrum of the healthy volunteers. Prior to chemotherapy the PME to PDE signal ratio and the PME to Pi signal ratio were high, and during the course of the chemotherapy these ratios normalized to the value of the healthy volunteers. Metabolite T2 values in tumor tissue tended to be lower than those for healthy glandular tissue. Assessment of individual patients showed that four out of five had a significant drop of the PME to Pi ratio by a factor of 2 or more. On average, the pH of the tumor, calculated from chemical shift variation of Pi, was 0.19 units lower before chemotherapy. We have demonstrated that the sensitivity of 31P MRSI in breast cancer at 7 T is sufficient to detect alterations in membrane metabolism during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, which may be used for early assessment of treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wybe Jm van der Kemp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3485 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bertine L Stehouwer
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3485 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Luijten
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3485 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice Aaj van den Bosch
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3485 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Wj Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3485 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands
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24
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van der Kemp WJM, Boer VO, Luijten PR, Klomp DWJ. Increased sensitivity of 31P MRSI using direct detection integrated with multi-echo polarization transfer (DIMEPT). NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:1248-1255. [PMID: 25146680 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Here, we show that the sensitivity of (31)P MRSI of (31)P spins J-coupled to protons can be increased by almost a factor of three when compared with an optimal direct detection free induction decay. By direct detection integrated with multi-echo polarization transfer (DIMEPT), multiple signals from polarization transfer and direct detection can be acquired in one repetition time, with minimal mutual interference, provided that the number of refocusing pulses in the multi-echo polarization transfer part is even. The DIMEPT sequence was implemented on a 7-T body scanner and tested on a phantom and on the breasts of five healthy volunteers. The in vivo signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) enhancement for the J-coupled phosphomonoesters was 270% when compared with an Ernst angle pulse-acquire sequence. However, the phosphodiester signals, presumably mainly mobile phospholipids, had T2 values that were too short to be enhanced. Uncoupled (31)P spins, with sufficiently long T2 values, such as inorganic phosphate, were SNR enhanced by a factor of 1.9 relative to an Ernst-angle excitation pulse-acquire sequence by multi-echo direct detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J M van der Kemp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508, GA, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Wijnen JP, Jiang L, Greenwood TR, van der Kemp WJM, Klomp DWJ, Glunde K. 1H/31P polarization transfer at 9.4 Tesla for improved specificity of detecting phosphomonoesters and phosphodiesters in breast tumor models. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102256. [PMID: 25036036 PMCID: PMC4103808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the ability of a polarization transfer (PT) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technique to improve the detection of the individual phospholipid metabolites phosphocholine (PC), phosphoethanolamine (PE), glycerophosphocholine (GPC), and glycerophosphoethanolamine (GPE) in vivo in breast tumor xenografts. MATERIALS AND METHODS The adiabatic version of refocused insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer (BINEPT) MRS was tested at 9.4 Tesla in phantoms and animal models. BINEPT and pulse-acquire (PA) 31P MRS was acquired consecutively from the same orthotopic MCF-7 (n = 10) and MDA-MB-231 (n = 10) breast tumor xenografts. After in vivo MRS measurements, animals were euthanized, tumors were extracted and high resolution (HR)-MRS was performed. Signal to noise ratios (SNRs) and metabolite ratios were compared for BINEPT and PA MRS, and were also measured and compared with that from HR-MRS. RESULTS BINEPT exclusively detected metabolites with 1H-31P coupling such as PC, PE, GPC, and GPE, thereby creating a significantly improved, flat baseline because overlapping resonances from immobile and partly mobile phospholipids were removed without loss of sensitivity. GPE and GPC were more accurately detected by BINEPT in vivo, which enabled a reliable quantification of metabolite ratios such as PE/GPE and PC/GPC, which are important markers of tumor aggressiveness and treatment response. CONCLUSION BINEPT is advantageous over PA for detecting and quantifying the individual phospholipid metabolites PC, PE, GPC, and GPE in vivo at high magnetic field strength. As BINEPT can be used clinically, alterations in these phospholipid metabolites can be assessed in vivo for cancer diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannie P. Wijnen
- Johns Hopkins University In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lu Jiang
- Johns Hopkins University In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tiffany R. Greenwood
- Johns Hopkins University In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Dennis W. J. Klomp
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kristine Glunde
- Johns Hopkins University In vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Rivera DS, Wijnen JP, van der Kemp WJM, Raaijmakers AJ, Luijten PR, Klomp DWJ. MRI and 31
P magnetic resonance spectroscopy hardware for axillary lymph node investigation at 7T. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:2038-46. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debra S. Rivera
- Department of Neurophysics; Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences; Leipzig Germany
| | - Jannie P. Wijnen
- Department of Radiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Peter R. Luijten
- Department of Radiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
| | - Dennis W. J. Klomp
- Department of Radiology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology; University Medical Center Nijmegen; Nijmegen the Netherlands
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Stehouwer BL, van der Kemp WJM, Luijten PR, van den Bosch MAAJ, Veldhuis WB, Wijnen JP, Klomp DWJ. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the breast and the influence of the menstrual cycle. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 144:583-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2889-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Coman D, de Graaf RA, Rothman DL, Hyder F. In vivo three-dimensional molecular imaging with Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS) at high spatiotemporal resolution. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:1589-95. [PMID: 23881869 PMCID: PMC3800475 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Spectroscopic signals which emanate from complexes between paramagnetic lanthanide (III) ions (e.g. Tm(3+)) and macrocyclic chelates (e.g. 1,4,7,10-tetramethyl-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate, or DOTMA(4-)) are sensitive to physiology (e.g. temperature). Because nonexchanging protons from these lanthanide-based macrocyclic agents have relaxation times on the order of a few milliseconds, rapid data acquisition is possible with chemical shift imaging (CSI). Thus, Biosensor Imaging of Redundant Deviation in Shifts (BIRDS) which originate from nonexchanging protons of these paramagnetic agents, but exclude water proton detection, can allow molecular imaging. Previous two-dimensional CSI experiments with such lanthanide-based macrocyclics allowed acquisition from ~12-μL voxels in rat brain within 5 min using rectangular encoding of k space. Because cubical encoding of k space in three dimensions for whole-brain coverage increases the CSI acquisition time to several tens of minutes or more, a faster CSI technique is required for BIRDS to be of practical use. Here, we demonstrate a CSI acquisition method to improve three-dimensional molecular imaging capabilities with lanthanide-based macrocyclics. Using TmDOTMA(-), we show datasets from a 20 × 20 × 20-mm(3) field of view with voxels of ~1 μL effective volume acquired within 5 min (at 11.7 T) for temperature mapping. By employing reduced spherical encoding with Gaussian weighting (RESEGAW) instead of cubical encoding of k space, a significant increase in CSI signal is obtained. In vitro and in vivo three-dimensional CSI data with TmDOTMA(-), and presumably similar lanthanide-based macrocyclics, suggest that acquisition using RESEGAW can be used for high spatiotemporal resolution molecular mapping with BIRDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Coman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Core Center for Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robin A. de Graaf
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas L. Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Core Center for Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center (MRRC), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Core Center for Quantitative Neuroscience with Magnetic Resonance (QNMR), Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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