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Savino F, Fanos V, Noto A, Biggio D, Fattuoni C, Barberini L. Urinary metabolome of infants with colic treated with Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938: a pilot randomized trial. Minerva Pediatr (Torino) 2024; 76:404-413. [PMID: 33438855 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5276.20.06128-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 is the only probiotic recommended for treatment of colicky infants, but its mechanism of action is not clear. The study aim was to examine urinary metabolomic fingerprint of colicky breastfed infants before and after 1 month of orally administered Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 or placebo. METHODS This randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was carried out with a well-documented probiotic. Thirty-two infants were enrolled, 16 in the probiotic group and 16 in the placebo group. Urine samples were collected from each subject before starting supplementation and at the end of the study period. Metabolomic profiles were obtained using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry instrument. Subsequently, to compare groups before and after probiotic supplementation, univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were performed. RESULTS In the L. reuteri treated group all metabolites for all class of nutrients (sugars, amino acids, carboxylic acids) resulted more abundant after the study period. The comparison with a control group (placebo treated), confirmed this effect on urines. CONCLUSIONS The metabolomic analysis of urine samples from infants treated with L. reuteri DSM 17938 allowed to detect some interesting features related to the effect of this treatment on urinary metabolome. To validate the results, a test on a larger cohort is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Savino
- Unit of Subintensive Neonatal Care, Department of Pediatrics, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Unit of Neonatal Intensive Care, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonio Noto
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Deborah Biggio
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Claudia Fattuoni
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy -
| | - Luigi Barberini
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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A Reduced Tryptophan Diet in Patients with Diarrhoea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Improves Their Abdominal Symptoms and Their Quality of Life through Reduction of Serotonin Levels and Its Urinary Metabolites. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315314. [PMID: 36499643 PMCID: PMC9738361 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1). An essential component of any treatment for patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an adequate diet. Currently, a low FODMAP diet is recommended as a first-line therapy, but it does not relieve abdominal discomfort in all patients, and alternative nutritional treatment is required. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a tryptophan-lowering diet (TRP) on abdominal and mental symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (IBS-D). (2). The study included 40 patients with IBS-D, and 40 healthy subjects served as a baseline for IBS-D patients, after excluding comorbidities. The TRP intake was calculated using the nutritional calculator. The severity of abdominal symptoms was assessed using the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS-IBS). Mental state was assessed using the Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A), the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D), and the insomnia severity index (ISI). The serum levels of serotonin and melatonin and the urinary excretion of their metabolites 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6) were determined by the ELISA method. The severity of symptoms and laboratory data were analyzed before and after a 12 week diet with tryptophan restricted to a daily dose 10 mg per kilogram body weight. (3). Compared to the control group, patients with IBS-D had a higher serum level of serotonin (198.2 ± 38.1 vs. 142.3 ± 36.4 ng/mL; p < 0.001) but a similar level of melatonin (8.6 ± 1.1 vs. 9.4 ± 3.0 pg/mL; p > 0.05). The urinary excretion of 5-HIAA was also higher in patients with IBS-D patients (7.7 ± 1.5 vs. 6.0 ± 1.7 mg/24 h; p < 0.001). After nutritional treatment, both the serum serotonin level and the urinary 5-HIAA excretion significantly decreased (p < 0.001). The severity of the abdominal symptoms and anxiety also decreased, while the HAM-D score and the ISI score remained unchanged (4). Lowering the dietary intake of tryptophan may reduce abdominal complaints and does not alter the mental state of IBS-D patients.
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Sun Z, Wang W, Li L, Zhang X, Ning Z, Mayne J, Walker K, Stintzi A, Figeys D. Comprehensive Assessment of Functional Effects of Commonly Used Sugar Substitute Sweeteners on Ex Vivo Human Gut Microbiome. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0041222. [PMID: 35695565 PMCID: PMC9431030 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00412-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The composition and function of the human gut microbiome are often associated with health and disease status. Sugar substitute sweeteners are widely used food additives, although many studies using animal models have linked sweetener consumption to gut microbial changes and health issues. Whether sugar substitute sweeteners directly change the human gut microbiome functionality remains largely unknown. In this study, we systematically investigated the responses of five human gut microbiomes to 21 common sugar substitute sweeteners, using an approach combining high-throughput in vitro microbiome culturing and metaproteomic analyses to quantify functional changes in different taxa. Hierarchical clustering based on metaproteomic responses of individual microbiomes resulted in two clusters. The noncaloric artificial sweetener (NAS) cluster was composed of NASs and two sugar alcohols with shorter carbon backbones (4 or 5 carbon atoms), and the carbohydrate (CHO) cluster was composed of the remaining sugar alcohols. The metaproteomic functional responses of the CHO cluster were clustered with those of the prebiotics fructooligosaccharides and kestose. The sugar substitute sweeteners in the CHO cluster showed the ability to modulate the metabolism of Clostridia. This study provides a comprehensive evaluation of the direct effects of commonly used sugar substitute sweeteners on the functions of the human gut microbiome using a functional metaproteomic approach, improving our understanding of the roles of sugar substitute sweeteners on microbiome-associated human health and disease issues. IMPORTANCE The human gut microbiome is closely related to human health. Sugar substitute sweeteners as commonly used food additives are increasingly consumed and have potential impacts on microbiome functionality. Although many studies have evaluated the effects of a few sweeteners on gut microbiomes using animal models, the direct effect of sugar substitute sweeteners on the human gut microbiome remains largely unknown. Our results revealed that the sweetener-induced metaproteomic responses of individual microbiomes had two major patterns, which were associated with the chemical properties of the sweeteners. This study provided a comprehensive evaluation of the effects of commonly used sugar substitute sweeteners on the human gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzhi Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenju Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leyuan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xu Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhibin Ning
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janice Mayne
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krystal Walker
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alain Stintzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Figeys
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica-University of Ottawa Joint Research Center in Systems and Personalized Pharmacology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Zhang L, Zhang M, Mujumdar AS. New technology to overcome defects in production of fermented plant products- a review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Di Chio T, Sokollik C, Peroni DG, Hart L, Simonetti G, Righini-Grunder F, Borrelli O. Nutritional Aspects of Pediatric Gastrointestinal Diseases. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062109. [PMID: 34205445 PMCID: PMC8235230 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the role of nutritional management in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases has gained increasing popularity. Disease-specific diets have been introduced as conventional treatments by international guidelines. Patients tend to more willingly accept food-based therapies than drugs because of their relatively “harmless” nature. Apart from a diet’s therapeutic role, nutritional support is crucial in maintaining growth and improving clinical outcomes in pediatric patients. Despite the absence of classical “side effects”, however, it should be emphasized that any dietary modification might have negative consequences on children’s growth and development. Hence, expert supervision is always advised, in order to support adequate nutritional requirements. Unfortunately, the media provide an inaccurate perception of the role of diet for gastrointestinal diseases, leading to misconceptions by patients or their caregivers that tends to overestimate the beneficial role of diets and underestimate the potential adverse effects. Moreover, not only patients, but also healthcare professionals, have a number of misconceptions about the nutritional benefits of diet modification on gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this review is to highlight the role of diet in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases, to detect misconceptions and to give a practical guide for physicians on the basis of current scientific evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Di Chio
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona e Valli, Via Ospedale 12, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
- Correspondence: (T.D.C.); (C.S.); (F.R.-G.); (O.B.)
| | - Christiane Sokollik
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (T.D.C.); (C.S.); (F.R.-G.); (O.B.)
| | - Diego G. Peroni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Pediatrics, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Lara Hart
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada;
| | - Giacomo Simonetti
- Pediatric Institute of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale Regionale di Bellinzona e Valli, Via Ospedale 12, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
- Università della Svizzera Italiana, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Righini-Grunder
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Lucerne Children’s Hospital, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland
- Correspondence: (T.D.C.); (C.S.); (F.R.-G.); (O.B.)
| | - Osvaldo Borrelli
- Division of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, University College London (UCL) Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
- Correspondence: (T.D.C.); (C.S.); (F.R.-G.); (O.B.)
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Shivakumar N, Sivadas A, Devi S, Jahoor F, McLaughlin J, Smith CP, Kurpad AV, Mukhopadhyay A. Gut microbiota profiles of young South Indian children: Child sex-specific relations with growth. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251803. [PMID: 33989353 PMCID: PMC8121364 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota has been implicated as a modifier of childhood growth. Here, 16S rRNA sequencing-based fecal microbiota profiles of 18–24 month old Indian children were evaluated (n = 41), in relation to their anthropometric parameters, intestinal permeability, body composition and total energy expenditure. Pathway analyses were conducted to assess microbial functions related to stunting, underweight and wasting. The fecal microbiota was enriched in Prevotella 9, Bifidobacterium and Escherichia-Shigella. Weight, weight-for-age Z-scores (WAZ) and weight-for-length Z-scores (WLZ), along with age, acted as covariates of microbiota variation specifically in boys (n = 23). Bifidobacterium longum subsp longum abundance was positively associated with WAZ while Bifidobacterium bifidum and Bifidobacterium breve abundances were negatively associated with age. The lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis pathway was upregulated in stunted (n = 16) and wasted (n = 8) children. Findings from this study indicate that child sex may be a critical modifier of the role of gut microbiota on childhood growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirupama Shivakumar
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Ambily Sivadas
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Sarita Devi
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Farook Jahoor
- Department of Pediatrics, USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - John McLaughlin
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Craig P. Smith
- Faculty of Biology, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, School of Medical Sciences, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Clinical Sciences Building, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Anura V. Kurpad
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
- Department of Physiology, St. John’s Medical College, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Arpita Mukhopadhyay
- Division of Nutrition, St. John’s Research Institute, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
- * E-mail:
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Ireton-Jones C, Weisberg MF. Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Physician-Dietitian Collaboration. Nutr Clin Pract 2020; 35:826-834. [PMID: 32786046 DOI: 10.1002/ncp.10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) affects 10%-15% of adults in the United States and 12% of the worldwide population. Gastroenterologists as well as primary care practitioners are likely to be the first resource for patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. IBS is difficult to diagnose, as it is a functional GI disorder, determined after ruling out a myriad of other diagnoses. The 2016 Rome IV criteria define IBS as "a functional bowel disorder in which recurrent abdominal pain is associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits. Disordered bowel habits are typically present (ie, constipation, diarrhea, or a mix of constipation and diarrhea), as are symptoms of abdominal bloating/distension occurring over at least 6 months and not less than 3 months." Treatment of IBS historically has been through medical management; however, nutrition management of IBS using the FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols) elimination diet is now a recommended, first-line therapy. FODMAPs are short-chain, poorly absorbed carbohydrates that are associated with symptoms in people with IBS. This diet intervention can be quite challenging, and therefore, patients should meet with a qualified dietitian who can provide the complex diet information in a practicable form. Physician-dietitian collaboration is invaluable for IBS patients to achieve a successful outcome.
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Masuy I, Pannemans J, Tack J. Irritable bowel syndrome: diagnosis and management. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2020; 66:136-150. [DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.19.02640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Chen Y, Wu G, Zhao Y. Gut Microbiota and Alimentary Tract Injury. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1238:11-22. [PMID: 32323177 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-2385-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is inhabited by a diverse array of microbes, which play crucial roles in health and disease. Dysbiosis of microbiota has been tightly linked to gastrointestinal inflammatory and malignant diseases. Here we highlight the role of Helicobacter pylori alongside gastric microbiota associated with gastric inflammation and cancer. We summarize the taxonomic and functional aspects of intestinal microbiota linked to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and colorectal cancer in clinical investigations. We also discuss microbiome-related animal models. Nevertheless, there are tremendous opportunities to reveal the causality of microbiota in health and disease and detailed microbe-host interaction mechanisms by which how dysbiosis is causally linked to inflammatory disease and cancer, in turn, potentializing clinical interventions with a personalized high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangyan Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzhong Zhao
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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