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Dashti HS, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R, Garaulet M. Impact of polygenic score for BMI on weight loss effectiveness and genome-wide association analysis. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:694-701. [PMID: 38267484 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While environmental factors play an important role in weight loss effectiveness, genetics may also influence its success. We examined whether a genome-wide polygenic score for BMI was associated with weight loss effectiveness and aimed to identify common genetic variants associated with weight loss. METHODS Participants in the ONTIME study (n = 1210) followed a uniform, multimodal behavioral weight-loss intervention. We first tested associations between a genome-wide polygenic score for higher BMI and weight loss effectiveness (total weight loss, rate of weight loss, and attrition). We then conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for weight loss in the ONTIME study and performed the largest weight loss meta-analysis with earlier studies (n = 3056). Lastly, we ran exploratory GWAS in the ONTIME study for other weight loss outcomes and related factors. RESULTS We found that each standard deviation increment in the polygenic score was associated with a decrease in the rate of weight loss (Beta (95% CI) = -0.04 kg per week (-0.06, -0.01); P = 3.7 × 10-03) and with higher attrition after adjusting by treatment duration. No associations reached genome-wide significance in meta-analysis with previous GWAS studies for weight loss. However, associations in the ONTIME study showed effects consistent with published studies for rs545936 (MIR486/NKX6.3/ANK1), a previously noted weight loss locus. In the meta-analysis, each copy of the minor A allele was associated with 0.12 (0.03) kg/m2 higher BMI at week five of treatment (P = 3.9 × 10-06). In the ONTIME study, we also identified two genome-wide significant (P < 5×10-08) loci for the rate of weight loss near genes implicated in lipolysis, body weight, and metabolic regulation: rs146905606 near NFIP1/SPRY4/FGF1; and rs151313458 near LSAMP. CONCLUSION Our findings are expected to help in developing personalized weight loss approaches based on genetics. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION Obesity, Nutrigenetics, Timing, and Mediterranean (ONTIME; clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02829619) study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marta Garaulet
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Regional Campus of International Excellence, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, IMIB-Arrixaca-UMU, University Clinical Hospital, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
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Huang C, Chen W, Wang X. Studies on the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and its impact on obesity-associated diseases. Genes Dis 2023; 10:2351-2365. [PMID: 37554175 PMCID: PMC10404889 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has become a major health crisis in the past ∼50 years. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), was first reported to be positively associated with obesity in humans. Mice with more copies of the FTO gene were observed to be obese, while loss of the gene in mice was found to protect from obesity. Later, FTO was found to encode an m6A RNA demethylase and has a profound effect on many biological and metabolic processes. In this review, we first summarize recent studies that demonstrate the critical roles and regulatory mechanisms of FTO in obesity and metabolic disease. Second, we discuss the ongoing debates concerning the association between FTO polymorphisms and obesity. Third, since several small molecule drugs and micronutrients have been found to regulate metabolic homeostasis through controlling the expression or activity of FTO, we highlight the broad potential of targeting FTO for obesity treatment. Improving our understanding of FTO and the underlying mechanisms may provide new approaches for treating obesity and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Huang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xinxia Wang
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
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Rapuano KM, Tejavibulya L, Dinc EN, Li A, Davis H, Korn R, Leibel RL, Walsh BT, Ranzenhofer L, Rosenbaum M, Casey BJ, Mayer L. Heightened sensitivity to high-calorie foods in children at risk for obesity: insights from behavior, neuroimaging, and genetics. Brain Imaging Behav 2023; 17:461-470. [PMID: 37145386 PMCID: PMC10543571 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-023-00773-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric obesity is a major public health concern. Genetic susceptibility and increased availability of energy-dense food are known risk factors for obesity. However, the extent to which these factors jointly bias behavior and neural circuitry towards increased adiposity in children remains unclear. While undergoing fMRI, 108 children (ages 5-11y) performed a food-specific go/no-go task. Participants were instructed to either respond ("go") or inhibit responding ("no-go") to images of food or toys. Half of the runs depicted high-calorie foods (e.g., pizza) whereas the other half depicted low-calorie foods (e.g., salad). Children were also genotyped for a DNA polymorphism associated with energy intake and obesity (FTO rs9939609) to examine the influence of obesity risk on behavioral and brain responses to food. Participants demonstrated differences in behavioral sensitivity to high- and low-calorie food images depending on task demands. Participants were slower but more accurate at detecting high- (relative to low-) calorie foods when responding to a neutral stimulus (i.e., toys) and worse at detecting toys when responding to high-calorie foods. Inhibition failures were accompanied by salience network activity (anterior insula, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex), which was driven by false alarms to food images. Children at a greater genetic risk for obesity (dose-dependent model of the FTO genotype) demonstrated pronounced brain and behavioral relationships such that genetic risk was associated with heightened sensitivity to high-calorie food images and increased anterior insula activity. These findings suggest that high-calorie foods may be particularly salient to children at risk for developing eating habits that promote obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Rapuano
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
| | - Link Tejavibulya
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Eda Naz Dinc
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Anfei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haley Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Korn
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Timothy Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lisa Ranzenhofer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Rosenbaum
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - B J Casey
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, 2 Hillhouse Ave, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Laurel Mayer
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Shaker A, Shekari S, Zeinalabedini M, Salimi Z, Roumi Z, Mobarakeh KA, Shamsi-Goushki A, Masoumvand M, Keshavarz Mohammadian M, Samani P, Azizi-Tabesh G, Shafaei H, Doaei S, Kalantari N, Gholamalizadeh M. Role of rs9939506 polymorphism of FTO gene in resistance to eating in male adolescents. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:486. [PMID: 37752455 PMCID: PMC10521541 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene may be associated with obesity by regulating appetite. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between FTO genotype and resistance to eating in male adolescents. METHODS The present cross-sectional study included 246 adolescent boys in Tehran, Iran, who were assessed for self-efficacy related to weight control using the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle (WEL), questionnaire, food intake using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and anthropometric indices using Bio-Impedance Analyzer (BIA). Moreover, the participants underwent genotyping for the rs9930506 polymorphism of the FTO gene, and the relationship between FTO genotype and resistance to eating was investigated using different models of multiple linear regression. RESULTS According to our findings, there was a significant reverse relationship between the FTO rs9930506 genotype and resistance to eating (β: -0.16, P = 0.01). Moreover, the relationship was still significant after adjusting for age, nutritional knowledge, BMI, and mother's BMI, educational level, and occupational status. CONCLUSION According to our results, the FTO genotype had a significant effect on resistance to eating and food desires. However, there is a need for further studies to evaluate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of the FTO gene on appetite and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Shaker
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad Universityof Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Soheila Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mobina Zeinalabedini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salimi
- Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Roumi
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abbasi Mobarakeh
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Shamsi-Goushki
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Masoumvand
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Pegah Samani
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghasem Azizi-Tabesh
- Genomic Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Shafaei
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Naser Kalantari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Szcześniewska P, Bryl E, Dutkiewicz A, Borkowska AR, Bilska K, Paszyńska E, Słopień A, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Hanć T. Cool executive functions and their association with body mass & fatness and the FTO gene in school-aged children. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12148. [PMID: 37500688 PMCID: PMC10374888 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38808-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The FTO gene rs9936909 polymorphism is one of the well-documented single nucleotide polymorphisms in the context of increased risk of obesity, including in children. Few studies have tested the association of the FTO gene with cognitive functions. Deficits of "cool" executive functions (EFs) are considered a potential risk factor for excessive weight. The aims of our study were to investigate whether cool EFs are associated with the Body Mass Index, the Fat Mass Index and the risk of excess body mass and overfatness in neurotypically school-aged children, and whether the FTO gene polymorphism is involved in development of this possible association. The sample consisted of 553 children aged 6-12 years old. A body composition analysis, a neuropsychological assessment of EFs, and FTO polymorphism genotyping were performed in the children studied. The study found a significant association of an interference effect in theStroop Color-Word Interference Task and the risk of excessive body fatness, but not excessive body mass. There were no explicit associations between the FTO genotype and EFs deficits. Environmental factors, and particularly low maternal education, appeared to be the strongest contributors to the increased risk of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Szcześniewska
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Aneta R Borkowska
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-400, Lublin, Poland
| | - Karolina Bilska
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701, Poznan, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Paszyńska
- Department of Integrated Dentistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Department of Psychiatric Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Biology and Human Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
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6
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Merino J, Dashti HS, Levy DE, Del Rocío Sevilla-González M, Hivert MF, Porneala BC, Saxena R, Thorndike AN. Genetic predisposition to macronutrient preference and workplace food choices. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:2606-2611. [PMID: 37217678 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02107-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Prior research identified genetic variants influencing macronutrient preference, but whether genetic differences underlying nutrient preference affect long-term food choices is unknown. Here we examined the associations of polygenic scores for carbohydrate, fat, and protein preference with 12 months' workplace food purchases among 397 hospital employees from the ChooseWell 365 study. Food purchases were obtained retrospectively from the hospital's cafeteria sales data for the 12 months before participants were enrolled in the ChooseWell 365 study. Traffic light labels, visible to employees when making purchases, measured the quality of workplace purchases. During the 12-month study period, there were 215,692 cafeteria purchases. Each SD increase in the polygenic score for carbohydrate preference was associated with 2.3 additional purchases/month (95%CI, 0.2 to 4.3; p = 0.03) and a higher number of green-labeled purchases (β = 1.9, 95%CI, 0.5-3.3; p = 0.01). These associations were consistent in subgroup and sensitivity analyses accounting for additional sources of bias. There was no evidence of associations between fat and protein polygenic scores and cafeteria purchases. Findings from this study suggest that genetic differences in carbohydrate preference could influence long-term workplace food purchases and may inform follow-up experiments to enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying food choice behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Merino
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Douglas E Levy
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Magdalena Del Rocío Sevilla-González
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, 100 Cambridge, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bianca C Porneala
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anne N Thorndike
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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Pahl MC, Grant SFA, Leibel RL, Stratigopoulos G. Technologies, strategies, and cautions when deconvoluting genome-wide association signals: FTO in focus. Obes Rev 2023; 24:e13558. [PMID: 36882962 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have revealed a plethora of genetic variants that correlate with polygenic conditions. However, causal molecular mechanisms have proven challenging to fully define. Without such information, the associations are not physiologically useful or clinically actionable. By reviewing studies of the FTO locus in the genetic etiology of obesity, we wish to highlight advances in the field fueled by the evolution of technical and analytic strategies in assessing the molecular bases for genetic associations. Particular attention is drawn to extrapolating experimental findings from animal models and cell types to humans, as well as technical aspects used to identify long-range DNA interactions and their biological relevance with regard to the associated trait. A unifying model is proposed by which independent obesogenic pathways regulated by multiple FTO variants and genes are integrated at the primary cilium, a cellular antenna where signaling molecules that control energy balance convene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Pahl
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rudolph L Leibel
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - George Stratigopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA.,Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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8
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Genetic risk score for common obesity and anthropometry in Spanish schoolchildren. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2023; 70:107-114. [PMID: 36868927 DOI: 10.1016/j.endien.2022.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
IntroductionCommon or non-syndromic obesity is a complex polygenic trait conditioned by biallelic or single-base polymorphisms called SNPs (Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms) that present an additive effect and act synergistically. Most genotype-obese phenotype association studies include body mass index (BMI) or waist-to-height ratio (WtHR), and very few introduce a broad anthropometric profile. ObjectiveTo verify whether a genetic risk score (GRS) developed from 10 SNPs is associated with the obesity phenotype assessed from anthropometric measures indicative of excess weight, adiposity and fat distribution. Material and methodsA series of 438 Spanish schoolchildren (6-16 years old) were evaluated anthropometrically (weight, height, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, BMI, WtHR, body fat percentage [%BF]). Ten SNPs were genotyped from saliva samples, generating a GRS for obesity, establishing genotype-phenotype association. ResultsSchoolchildren categorised as obese by BMI, ICT and %BF had higher GRS than their non-obese peers. The prevalence of overweight and adiposity was higher in subjects with a GRS above the median. Similarly, between 11 and 16 years of age, all anthropometric variables presented higher averages. ConclusionsGRS estimated from the 10 SNPs can be a diagnostic tool for the potential risk of obesity in Spanish schoolchildren and could be useful from the preventive perspective.
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Puntuación de riesgo genético para la obesidad común y antropometría en escolares españoles. ENDOCRINOL DIAB NUTR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Evans C, Curtis J, Antonio J. FTO and Anthropometrics: The Role of Modifiable Factors. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2022; 7:jfmk7040090. [PMID: 36278751 PMCID: PMC9589926 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk7040090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous gene variants are linked to an individual's propensity to become overweight or obese. The most commonly studied gene variant is the FTO single nucleotide polymorphism. The FTO risk allele is linked with increased body mass, BMI and other lifestyle factors that may perpetuate an individual's risk for obesity. Studies assessing eating behaviors, eating preferences, nutrition interventions and other lifestyle factors were reviewed. These studies demonstrated a clear difference in eating behaviors and preferences. Lifestyle modifications including physical activity and diet were effective in weight management even in those with the risk allele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Evans
- Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33314, USA
- Healthy Sciences, Rocky Mountain University of Health Professions, Provo, UT 84606, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-954-709-4929
| | - Jason Curtis
- Exercise Science, Keiser University, West Palm Beach, FL 33411, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Health and Human Performance, Nova Southeastern University, Davie, FL 33314, USA
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11
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Wiedeman AM, Ngai YF, Henderson AM, Panagiotopoulos C, Devlin AM. The FTO rs9939609 Variant Is Associated with Cardiometabolic Disease Risk and Dietary Energy Intakes in Children with Mental Health Disorders. Curr Dev Nutr 2022; 6:nzac014. [PMID: 35261960 PMCID: PMC8896334 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) are used to treat children for mental health disorders but in some children they cause cardiometabolic complications including weight gain and type 2 diabetes. Genetic variants can place a child at risk of developing these metabolic complications. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) rs9939609 A allele has been associated with obesity and dietary energy intakes in healthy children but its relation to metabolic complications in SGA-treated children is not known. Objectives This study investigated the association of the FTO rs9939609 variant and SGA treatment with cardiometabolic complications and dietary intakes in children with mental health disorders. Methods A cross-sectional population of children (≤18 y; n = 506) with mental health disorders that were SGA-treated (n = 197) and SGA-naïve (n = 309) were recruited through the Department of Psychiatry at BC Children's Hospital. Dietary intakes were estimated using 3-d food records in a subset of children (n = 73). Results Genotype frequencies were not different between SGA-treated (TT genotype 42.6%, TA genotype 38.6%, AA genotype 18.8%) and SGA-naïve (TT 41.1%, TA 39.5%, AA 19.4%) children. Children with the A allele had lower BMI z-sores compared with the TT genotype (0.84 ± 1.19 compared with 1.19 ± 1.36; P = 0.005, adjusted for ethnicity). We observed an interaction between FTO genotype and SGA status on fasting glucose (P = 0.036). SGA-naïve children with the A allele had higher fasting glucose than those with the TT genotype (4.96 ± 0.35 compared with 4.81 ± 0.35 mmol/L; P = 0.001), in adjusted models (age, sex, ethnicity, and BMI z-score). This was not observed in SGA-treated children. Children with the A allele had higher daily total energy intakes compared with the TT genotype (1994 ± 619 compared with 1814 ± 484 kcal/d; P = 0.048), in adjusted models (age, sex, ethnicity, and BMI z-score); no effect of SGA-treatment was observed. Conclusions Our findings suggest the A allele of the FTO rs9939609 variant is associated with higher BMI in children with mental health disorders, but only in those not treated with SGAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra M Wiedeman
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ying F Ngai
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Amanda M Henderson
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Constadina Panagiotopoulos
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Angela M Devlin
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
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12
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Rosenbaum M, Garofano R, Liimatta K, McArthur K, Paul E, Starc T, Sopher AB, Thaker V, Baidal JW. The Families Improving Health Together (FIT) Program: Initial evaluation of retention and research in a multispecialty clinic for children with obesity. Obes Sci Pract 2021; 7:357-367. [PMID: 34401195 PMCID: PMC8346376 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity affects ∼17% of US children, with parallel increases in multiple comorbidities, especially among African-, Asian-, Hispanic-, and Native-Americans. Barriers to patient retention in pediatric obesity programs include lack of centralized care, and frequent subspecialty MD visits which conflict with patient school attendance and parental work attendance as well as with support service utilization. Lack of integration of multispecialty clinical care with interdisciplinary research is a major barrier to fuller exploration of the treatment, prevention, and understanding of obesity in childhood. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis, a novel multispecialty/interdisciplinary clinical and research infrastructure with strong emphasis on a primary obesity care physician for children with early-onset (<9 years) obesity (Families Improving health Together [FIT]) could promote lower patient attrition (primary goal) and foster productive research in pediatric obesity (secondary goal). RESULTS Data support the hypotheses. Over 15 months, FIT reported a >90% participant retention (p < 0.001 vs. expected rate based on other studies of similar programs). Though 90% of children had at least one adiposity-related comorbidity and 70% had at least two, there was no need for additional subspecialist visits with cardiologists, endocrinologists, gastroenterologists, or molecular geneticists. Three abstracts were presented at national meetings, and two manuscripts were published all with junior faculty as primary authors. CONCLUSION This pilot study suggests that an integrated multispecialty/interdisciplinary approach to children with obesity improves patient retention and can be integrated successfully with research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rosenbaum
- Berrie Diabetes Research PavilionColumbia University Medical CollegeNew YorkUSA
| | - Robert Garofano
- Berrie Diabetes Research PavilionColumbia University Medical CollegeNew YorkUSA
| | - Kalle Liimatta
- Berrie Diabetes Research PavilionColumbia University Medical CollegeNew YorkUSA
| | - Kerry McArthur
- Berrie Diabetes Research PavilionColumbia University Medical CollegeNew YorkUSA
| | - Erin Paul
- Berrie Diabetes Research PavilionColumbia University Medical CollegeNew YorkUSA
| | - Thomas Starc
- Berrie Diabetes Research PavilionColumbia University Medical CollegeNew YorkUSA
| | - Aviva B. Sopher
- Berrie Diabetes Research PavilionColumbia University Medical CollegeNew YorkUSA
| | - Vidhu Thaker
- Berrie Diabetes Research PavilionColumbia University Medical CollegeNew YorkUSA
| | - Jennifer Woo Baidal
- Berrie Diabetes Research PavilionColumbia University Medical CollegeNew YorkUSA
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13
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Sobreira DR, Joslin AC, Zhang Q, Williamson I, Hansen GT, Farris KM, Sakabe NJ, Sinnott-Armstrong N, Bozek G, Jensen-Cody SO, Flippo KH, Ober C, Bickmore WA, Potthoff M, Chen M, Claussnitzer M, Aneas I, Nóbrega MA. Extensive pleiotropism and allelic heterogeneity mediate metabolic effects of IRX3 and IRX5. Science 2021; 372:1085-1091. [PMID: 34083488 PMCID: PMC8386003 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf1008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Whereas coding variants often have pleiotropic effects across multiple tissues, noncoding variants are thought to mediate their phenotypic effects by specific tissue and temporal regulation of gene expression. Here, we investigated the genetic and functional architecture of a genomic region within the FTO gene that is strongly associated with obesity risk. We show that multiple variants on a common haplotype modify the regulatory properties of several enhancers targeting IRX3 and IRX5 from megabase distances. We demonstrate that these enhancers affect gene expression in multiple tissues, including adipose and brain, and impart regulatory effects during a restricted temporal window. Our data indicate that the genetic architecture of disease-associated loci may involve extensive pleiotropy, allelic heterogeneity, shared allelic effects across tissues, and temporally restricted effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora R Sobreira
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Amelia C Joslin
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Iain Williamson
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Grace T Hansen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Kathryn M Farris
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Noboru J Sakabe
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Nasa Sinnott-Armstrong
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford 94305 CA, USA
- Metabolism Program and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Grazyna Bozek
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Sharon O Jensen-Cody
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kyle H Flippo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Carole Ober
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Wendy A Bickmore
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Matthew Potthoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Mengjie Chen
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Melina Claussnitzer
- Metabolism Program and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02131, USA
| | - Ivy Aneas
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
| | - Marcelo A Nóbrega
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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14
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Corpas M, Megy K, Mistry V, Metastasio A, Lehmann E. Whole Genome Interpretation for a Family of Five. Front Genet 2021; 12:535123. [PMID: 33763108 PMCID: PMC7982663 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.535123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although best practices have emerged on how to analyse and interpret personal genomes, the utility of whole genome screening remains underdeveloped. A large amount of information can be gathered from various types of analyses via whole genome sequencing including pathogenicity screening, genetic risk scoring, fitness, nutrition, and pharmacogenomic analysis. We recognize different levels of confidence when assessing the validity of genetic markers and apply rigorous standards for evaluation of phenotype associations. We illustrate the application of this approach on a family of five. By applying analyses of whole genomes from different methodological perspectives, we are able to build a more comprehensive picture to assist decision making in preventative healthcare and well-being management. Our interpretation and reporting outputs provide input for a clinician to develop a healthcare plan for the individual, based on genetic and other healthcare data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Corpas
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Institute of Continuing Education Madingley Hall Madingley, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Internacional de La Rioja, Madrid, Spain
| | - Karyn Megy
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge & National Health Service (NHS) Blood and Transplant, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Antonio Metastasio
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edmund Lehmann
- Cambridge Precision Medicine Limited, ideaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Obesity and diabetes have already become the second largest risk factor for cardiovascular disease. During the last decade, remarkable advances have been made in understanding the human genome's contribution to glucose homeostasis disorders and obesity. A few studies on rare mutations of candidate genes provide potential genetic targets for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. In this review, we discussed the detailed findings of these studies and the possible causalities between specific genetic variations and dysfunctions in energy or glucose homeostasis. We are optimistic that novel therapeutic strategies targeting these specific mutants for treating and preventing diabetes and obesity will be developed in the near future. RECENT FINDINGS Studies on rare genetic mutation-caused obesity or diabetes have identified potential genetic targets to decrease body weight or reduce the risk of diabetes. Rare mutations observed in lipodystrophy, obese, or diabetic human patients are promising targets in the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Feng
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Brain Glycemic And Metabolism Control Department, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Rd, Basic Science Building L2024, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Pingwen Xu
- The Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yanlin He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Brain Glycemic And Metabolism Control Department, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Rd, Basic Science Building L2024, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA.
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16
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The Impact of FTO Genetic Variants on Obesity and Its Metabolic Consequences is Dependent on Daily Macronutrient Intake. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113255. [PMID: 33114268 PMCID: PMC7690875 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have identified the various fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) genetic variants associated with obesity and its metabolic consequences; however, the impact of dietary factors on these associations remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between FTO single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), daily macronutrient intake, and obesity and its metabolic consequences. From 1549 Caucasian subjects of Polish origin, genotyped for the FTO SNPs (rs3751812, rs8044769, rs8050136, and rs9939609), 819 subjects were selected for gene–diet interaction analysis. Anthropometric measurements were performed and total body fat content and distribution, blood glucose and insulin concentration during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and lipid profile were determined. Macronutrient intake was analyzed based on three-day food records, and daily physical activity levels were evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Long Form (IPAQ-LF). Our study shows that carriers of the GG genotype of rs3751812 presented lower body weight, body mass index (BMI), total body fat content, and hip and waist circumference and presented lower obesity-related markers if more than 48% of daily energy intake was derived from carbohydrates and lower subcutaneous and visceral fat content when energy intake derived from dietary fat did not exceed 30%. Similar results were observed for rs8050136 CC genotype carriers. We did not notice any significant differences in obesity markers between genotypes of rs8044769, but we did observe a significant impact of diet-gene associations. Body weight and BMI were significantly higher in TT and CT genotype carriers if daily energy intake derived from carbohydrates was less than 48%. Moreover, in TT genotype carriers, we observed higher blood glucose concentration while fasting and during the OGTT test if more than 18% of total energy intake was derived from proteins. In conclusion, our results indicate that daily macronutrient intake may modulate the impact of FTO genetic SNPs on obesity and obesity-related metabolic consequences.
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17
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Lugo‐Candelas C, Pang Y, Lee S, Cha J, Hong S, Ranzenhofer L, Korn R, Davis H, McInerny H, Schebendach J, Chung WK, Leibel RL, Walsh BT, Posner J, Rosenbaum M, Mayer L. Differences in brain structure and function in children with the FTO obesity-risk allele. Obes Sci Pract 2020; 6:409-424. [PMID: 32874676 PMCID: PMC7448161 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Noncoding alleles of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been associated with obesity risk, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Risk allele carriers show alterations in brain structure and function, but previous studies have not disassociated the effects of genotype from those of body mass index (BMI). METHODS Differences in brain structure and function were examined in children without obesity grouped by their number of copies (0,1,2) of the FTO obesity-risk single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1421085. One hundred five 5- to 10-year-olds (5th-95th percentile body fat) were eligible to participate. Usable scans were obtained from 93 participants (15 CC [homozygous risk], 31 CT [heterozygous] and 47 TT [homozygous low risk]). RESULTS Homozygous C allele carriers (CCs) showed greater grey matter volume in the cerebellum and temporal fusiform gyrus. CCs also demonstrated increased bilateral cerebellar white matter fibre density and increased resting-state functional connectivity between the bilateral cerebellum and regions in the frontotemporal cortices. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to examine brain structure and function related to FTO alleles in young children not yet manifesting obesity. This study lends support to the notion that the cerebellum may be involved in FTO-related risk for obesity, yet replication and further longitudinal study are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lugo‐Candelas
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Yajing Pang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for NeuroinformationUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Jiook Cha
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Susie Hong
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Lisa Ranzenhofer
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Rachel Korn
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Haley Davis
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Hailey McInerny
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Janet Schebendach
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Wendy K. Chung
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Rudolph L. Leibel
- Department of PediatricsColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes CenterColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - B. Timothy Walsh
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Jonathan Posner
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Laurel Mayer
- Department of PsychiatryColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNew YorkUSA
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18
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Dashti HS, Hivert MF, Levy DE, McCurley JL, Saxena R, Thorndike AN. Polygenic risk score for obesity and the quality, quantity, and timing of workplace food purchases: A secondary analysis from the ChooseWell 365 randomized trial. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003219. [PMID: 32692747 PMCID: PMC7373257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of genetic risk for obesity on food choice behaviors is unknown and may be in the causal pathway between genetic risk and weight gain. The aim of this study was to examine associations between genetic risk for obesity and food choice behaviors using objectively assessed workplace food purchases. METHODS AND FINDINGS This study is a secondary analysis of baseline data collected prior to the start of the "ChooseWell 365" health-promotion intervention randomized control trial. Participants were employees of a large hospital in Boston, MA, who enrolled in the study between September 2016 and February 2018. Cafeteria sales data, collected retrospectively for 3 months prior to enrollment, were used to track the quantity (number of items per 3 months) and timing (median time of day) of purchases, and participant surveys provided self-reported behaviors, including skipping meals and preparing meals at home. A previously validated Healthy Purchasing Score was calculated using the cafeteria traffic-light labeling system (i.e., green = healthy, yellow = less healthy, red = unhealthy) to estimate the healthfulness (quality) of employees' purchases (range, 0%-100% healthy). DNA was extracted and genotyped from blood samples. A body mass index (BMI) genome-wide polygenic score (BMIGPS) was generated by summing BMI-increasing risk alleles across the genome. Additionally, 3 polygenic risk scores (PRSs) were generated with 97 BMI variants previously identified at the genome-wide significance level (P < 5 × 10-8): (1) BMI97 (97 loci), (2) BMICNS (54 loci near genes related to central nervous system [CNS]), and (3) BMInon-CNS (43 loci not related to CNS). Multivariable linear and logistic regression tested associations of genetic risk score quartiles with workplace purchases, adjusted for age, sex, seasonality, and population structure. Associations were considered significant at P < 0.05. In 397 participants, mean age was 44.9 years, and 80.9% were female. Higher genetic risk scores were associated with higher BMI. The highest quartile of BMIGPS was associated with lower Healthy Purchasing Score (-4.8 percentage points [95% CI -8.6 to -1.0]; P = 0.02), higher quantity of food purchases (14.4 more items [95% CI -0.1 to 29.0]; P = 0.03), later time of breakfast purchases (15.0 minutes later [95% CI 1.5-28.5]; P = 0.03), and lower likelihood of preparing dinner at home (Q4 odds ratio [OR] = 0.3 [95% CI 0.1-0.9]; P = 0.03) relative to the lowest BMIGPS quartile. Compared with the lowest quartile, the highest BMICNS quartile was associated with fewer items purchased (P = 0.04), and the highest BMInon-CNS quartile was associated with purchasing breakfast at a later time (P = 0.01), skipping breakfast (P = 0.03), and not preparing breakfast (P = 0.04) or lunch (P = 0.01) at home. A limitation of this study is our data come from a relatively small sample of healthy working adults of European ancestry who volunteered to enroll in a health-promotion study, which may limit generalizability. CONCLUSIONS In this study, genetic risk for obesity was associated with the quality, quantity, and timing of objectively measured workplace food purchases. These findings suggest that genetic risk for obesity may influence eating behaviors that contribute to weight and could be targeted in personalized workplace wellness programs in the future. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02660086.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan S. Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Douglas E. Levy
- Mongan Institute Health Policy Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jessica L. McCurley
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anne N. Thorndike
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Caprio S, Santoro N, Weiss R. Childhood obesity and the associated rise in cardiometabolic complications. Nat Metab 2020; 2:223-232. [PMID: 32694781 PMCID: PMC9425367 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-020-0183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Childhood obesity is one of the most serious global public-health challenges of the twenty-first century. Over the past four decades, the number of children and adolescents with obesity has risen more than tenfold. Worldwide, an increasing number of youth are facing greater exposure to obesity throughout their lives, and this increase will contribute to the early development of type 2 diabetes, fatty liver and cardiovascular complications. Herein, we provide a brief overview of trends in the global shifts in, and environmental and genetic determinants of, childhood obesity. We then discuss recent progress in the elucidation of the central role of insulin resistance, the key element linking obesity and cardiovascular-risk-factor clustering, and the potential mechanisms through which ectopic lipid accumulation leads to insulin resistance and its associated cardiometabolic complications in obese adolescents. In the absence of effective prevention and intervention programs, childhood obesity will have severe public-health consequences for decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Caprio
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Nicola Santoro
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ram Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Ruth Rappaport Children's Hospital, Rambam Medical Center, Technion School of Medicine, Haifa, Israel.
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20
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Merino J. Clinical Insights into the Genetic Overlap Between Obesity Susceptibility and Food Choices. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019; 27:878. [PMID: 31119883 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Merino
- Diabetes Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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