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Hagberg CE, Spalding KL. White adipocyte dysfunction and obesity-associated pathologies in humans. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2024; 25:270-289. [PMID: 38086922 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-023-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and associated chronic diseases continues to increase worldwide, negatively impacting on societies and economies. Whereas the association between excess body weight and increased risk for developing a multitude of diseases is well established, the initiating mechanisms by which weight gain impairs our metabolic health remain surprisingly contested. In order to better address the myriad of disease states associated with obesity, it is essential to understand adipose tissue dysfunction and develop strategies for reinforcing adipocyte health. In this Review we outline the diverse physiological functions and pathological roles of human white adipocytes, examining our current knowledge of why white adipocytes are vital for systemic metabolic control, yet poorly adapted to our current obesogenic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina E Hagberg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsty L Spalding
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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2
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Bourebaba L, Kępska M, Qasem B, Zyzak M, Łyczko J, Klemens M, Mularczyk M, Marycz K. Sex hormone-binding globulin improves lipid metabolism and reduces inflammation in subcutaneous adipose tissue of metabolic syndrome-affected horses. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1214961. [PMID: 38146533 PMCID: PMC10749534 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1214961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) is a steadily growing endocrine disorder representing a real challenge in veterinary practice. As a multifactorial condition, EMS is characterized by three main metabolic abnormalities including insulin resistance, increased adiposity or obesity and hoof laminitis. Adipose tissue dysfunction is recognized as a core pathophysiological determinant of EMS, as it strongly participates to lipotoxicity and systemic metaflammation, both of which have been closely linked to the development of generalized insulin resistance. Besides, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) is an important sex steroids transporters that has been recently proposed as an important metabolic mediator. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify whether SHBG treatment may ameliorate subcutaneous adipose tissue metabolic failure under EMS condition in terms of lipidome homeostasis, lipid metabolism programs, insulin signalling and local inflammation. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were collected post-mortem from healthy (n = 3) and EMS (n = 3) slaughtered horses. SHBG protein has been applied to SAT samples from EMS horses for 24 h at a final concentration of 50 nM, while control groups (healthy and untreated EMS) were cultured in the presence of SHBG-vehicle only. Tissues from all groups were afterwards secured for downstream analysis of gene expression using RT-qPCR, protein levels by Western blot and ELISA assay and lipidomics through GC-MS technique. Obtained results showcased that SHBG intervention efficiently normalized the altered fatty acids (FAs) profiles by lowering the accumulation of saturated and trans FAs, as well as the pro-inflammatory arachidonic and linoleic acids. Moreover, SHBG showed promising value for the regulation of adipocyte lipolysis and engorgement by lowering the levels of perilipin-1. SHBG exerted moderated effect toward SCD1 and FASN enzymes expression, but increased the LPL abundance. Interestingly, SHBG exhibited a negative regulatory effect on pro-adipogenic stimulators and induced higher expression of KLF3, IRF3 and β-catenin, known as strong adipogenesis repressors. Finally, SHBG protein showed remarkable ability in restoring the insulin signal transduction, IR/IRS/Pi3K/AKT phosphorylation events and GLUT4 transporter abundance, and further attenuate pro-inflammatory response by lowering IL-6 tissue levels and targeting the PDIA3/ERK axis. Overall, the obtained data clearly demonstrate the benefice of SHBG treatment in the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism in the course of EMS and provide new insights for the development of molecular therapies with potential translational application to human metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Bourebaba
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Martyna Kępska
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Badr Qasem
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zyzak
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jacek Łyczko
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marta Klemens
- Department of Food Chemistry and Biocatalysis, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Malwina Mularczyk
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Wisznia Mała, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
- International Institute of Translational Medicine, Wisznia Mała, Poland
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Wu N, Feng M, Zhao H, Tang N, Xiong Y, Shi X, Li D, Song H, You S, Wang J, Zhang L, Ji G, Liu B. A bidirectional link between metabolic syndrome and elevation in alanine aminotransferase in elderly female: a longitudinal community study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1156123. [PMID: 37408651 PMCID: PMC10318155 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1156123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pre-obesity, as a significant risk factor for the progression of metabolic syndrome (MS), has become a prevalent public health threat globally. In this three-year longitudinal study of pre-obese women at baseline, the goal was to clarify the female-specific bidirectional relationship between the risk of MS and blood alanine aminotransferase. In this manuscript, the MS score was determined using the following equation: MS score = 2*waist/height + fasting glucose/5.6 + TG/1.7 + SBP/130-HDL/1.02 for men and 1.28 for women, which is highly related to the risk of MS. With 2,338 participants, a hierarchical nonlinear model with random effects was utilized to analyze the temporal trends of serum characteristics from 2017 to 2019. A bivariate cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) was employed to estimate the structural relations of frequently measured variables at three different time points to determine the directionality of the relationship between the risk of MS and serum characteristics. MassARRAY Analyzer 4 platforms were used to evaluate and genotype candidate SNPs. In this study, the MS score only rose with age in females; it was positively correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in females; the CLPM revealed that the MS score in 2017 predicted ALT in 2018 (β = 0.066, p < 0.001); and ALT in 2018 predicted an MS score in 2019 (β = 0.037, p < 0.050); both relationships were seen in females. Additionally, the MS score in elderly females with NAFLD was related to the rs295 in the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene (p = 0.042). Our work showed that there may be female-specific causal correlations between elevated ALT and risk of MS and that the polymorphism rs295 in LPL may serve as a marker for the prognosis of MS. The genetic roles of rs295 in the LPL gene in the onset of MS and the development of ALT in the elderly Chinese Han population are thus provided by this, offering one potential mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mofan Feng
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanhua Zhao
- Department of Sport Science, College of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Tang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yalan Xiong
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyu Shi
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Li
- Zhangjiang Community Health Service Center of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Hualing Song
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengfu You
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianying Wang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Baocheng Liu
- Shanghai Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Service, School of Public Health, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kwak J, Hong G, Lee KJ, Kim CG, Shin D. Effect of the Interaction between Seaweed Intake and LPL Polymorphisms on Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Korean Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:2066. [PMID: 37432202 DOI: 10.3390/nu15092066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of the interaction between seaweed (laver, kelp, and sea mustard) intake and lipoprotein lipase gene (LPL) rs17482735 genotypes on the incidence of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) data of Korean adults aged 40-69 years were used in this study. Information on seaweed intake was obtained from the food frequency questionnaire. To investigate the interaction between seaweed intake and LPL rs17482735 genotypes on the incidence of MetS, multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used after adjusting for confounding variables. There was no significant association in women, but men with TG and TT genotypes of rs17482753 had lower incidence of MetS (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.71-0.95, p-value = 0.01), low HDL-cholesterol levels (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.69-0.95, p-value = 0.01), high triglyceride levels (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.99, p-value = 0.0471), and high blood pressure (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.67-0.93, p-value = 0.004). Furthermore, the incidence of MetS was lower in men with the highest laver and total seaweed intake and TG and TT genotypes of rs17482735 (HR 0.60, 95% CI 0.43-0.84; HR 0.57, 95% CI 0.41-0.79, respectively). High seaweed intake was negatively associated with MetS, suggesting that LPL genetic variations, particularly in men, may be helpful in preventing MetS. These results demonstrate that seaweed intake considering LPL genotypes may be beneficial for preventing and treating MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junkyung Kwak
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeon Hong
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Ju Lee
- Department of Women's Rehabilitation, National Rehabilitation Center, 58, Samgaksan-ro, Gangbuk-gu, Seoul 01022, Republic of Korea
| | - Choong-Gon Kim
- Marine Ecosystem Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
| | - Dayeon Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
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Liu L, Yu S, Bu T, He G, Li S, Wu J. Casein Hydrolysate Alleviates Adipose Chronic Inflammation in High Fat-Diet Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice through MAPK Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081813. [PMID: 37111032 PMCID: PMC10146021 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced adipose chronic inflammation is closely related to the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. Tripeptides l-valyl-l-prolyl-l-proline (VPP) and l-isoleucyl-l-prolyl-L-proline (IPP) derived from bovine casein have been reported to prevent inflammatory changes and mitigate insulin resistance in adipocytes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of casein hydrolysates (CH) containing VPP and IPP on a high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and cytokine TNF-α-induced adipocytes. Our data showed that CH alleviated chronic inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. 4% CH suppressed HFD-induced systemic inflammatory factors, hypertrophic white adipocytes, and macrophage infiltration. More importantly, CH was able to improve adipocyte dysfunction induced by TNF-α by increasing the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBP-α) rather than peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ). Furthermore, CH also dose-dependently suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and enhanced the phosphorylation of Erk 1/2, but not nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation, in TNF-α-induced 3T3-L1 cells. These results indicated that CH could ameliorate adipose chronic inflammation through the MAPK pathway. Altogether, our findings suggested that 4% CH supplementation for 6 weeks exerted a protective role in preventing obesity-related inflammation and adipose dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Songfeng Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingting Bu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guoqing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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Huang Q, Wu M, Wu X, Zhang Y, Xia Y. Muscle-to-tumor crosstalk: The effect of exercise-induced myokine on cancer progression. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188761. [PMID: 35850277 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Physical exercise has gradually become a focus in cancer treatment due to its pronounced role in reducing cancer risk, enhancing therapeutic efficacy, and improving prognosis. In recent decades, skeletal muscles have been considered endocrine organs, exerting their biological functions via the endocrine, autocrine, and paracrine systems by secreting various types of myokines. The amount of myokines secreted varies depending on the intensity, type, and duration of exercise. Recent studies have shown that muscle-derived myokines are highly involved the effects of exercise on cancer. Multiple myokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), oncostatin M (OSM), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), and irisin, directly mediate cancer progression by influencing the proliferation, apoptosis, stemness, drug resistance, metabolic reprogramming, and epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of cancer cells. In addition, IL-6, interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-15 (IL-15), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and irisin can improve obesity-induced inflammation by stimulating lipolysis of adipose tissues, promoting glucose uptake, and accelerating the browning of white fat. Furthermore, some myokines could regulate the tumor microenvironment, such as angiogenesis and the immune microenvironment. Cancer cachexia occurs in up to 80% of cancer patients and is responsible for 22%-30% of patient deaths. It is characterized by systemic inflammation and decreased muscle mass. Exercise-induced myokine production is important in regulating cancer cachexia. This review summarizes the roles and underlying mechanisms of myokines, such as IL-6, myostatin, IL-15, irisin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and musclin, in cancer cachexia. Through comprehensive analysis, we conclude that myokines are potential targets for inhibiting cancer progression and the associated cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mengling Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuyi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China; Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Lopez-Vicchi F, De Winne C, Ornstein AM, Sorianello E, Toneatto J, Becu-Villalobos D. Severe Hyperprolactinemia Promotes Brown Adipose Tissue Whitening and Aggravates High Fat Diet Induced Metabolic Imbalance. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:883092. [PMID: 35757410 PMCID: PMC9226672 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.883092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of high serum prolactin and increased body weight is positive but controversial, therefore we hypothesized that additional factors such as diets and the impact of prolactin on brown adipose tissue may condition its metabolic effects. METHODS We used LacDrd2KO females with lifelong severe hyperprolactinemia due dopamine-D2 receptor deletion from lactotropes, and slow onset of metabolic disturbances, and compared them to their respective controls (Drd2 loxP/loxP ). Food intake, and binge eating was evaluated. We then challenged mice with a High Fat (HFD) or a Control Diet (CD) for 8 weeks, beginning at 3 months of age, when no differences in body weight are found between genotypes. At the end of the protocol brown and white adipose tissues were weighed, and thermogenic and lipogenic markers studied, using real time PCR (Ucp1, Cidea, Pgc1a, Lpl, adiponectin, Prlr) or immunohistochemistry (UCP1). Histochemical analysis of brown adipose tissue, and glucose tolerance tests were performed. RESULTS Hyperprolactinemic mice had increased food intake and binge eating behavior. Metabolic effects induced by a HFD were exacerbated in lacDrd2KO mice. Hyperprolactinemia aggravated HFD-induced body weight gain and glucose intolerance. In brown adipose tissue pronounced cellular whitening as well as decreased expression of the thermogenic markers Ucp1 and Pgc1a were observed in response to high prolactin levels, regardless of the diet, and furthermore, hyperprolactinemia potentiated the decrease in Cidea mRNA expression induced by HFD. In subcutaneous white adipose tissue hyperprolactinemia synergistically increased tissue weight, while decreasing Prlr, Adiponectin and Lpl mRNA levels regardless of the diet. CONCLUSIONS Pathological hyperprolactinemia has a strong impact in brown adipose tissue, lowering thermogenic markers and evoking tissue whitening. Furthermore, it modifies lipogenic markers in subcutaneous white adipose, and aggravates HFD-induced glucose intolerance and Cidea decrease. Therefore, severe high prolactin levels may target BAT function, and furthermore represent an adjuvant player in the development of obesity induced by high fat diets.
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Buchard B, Boirie Y, Cassagnes L, Lamblin G, Coilly A, Abergel A. Assessment of Malnutrition, Sarcopenia and Frailty in Patients with Cirrhosis: Which Tools Should We Use in Clinical Practice? Nutrients 2020; 12:E186. [PMID: 31936597 PMCID: PMC7020005 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is a common comorbidity in patients with cirrhosis. Its prognostic value is indisputable as it greatly affects the evolution of liver diseases. It has a major impact on both morbi-mortality before and after liver transplantation. Being now integrated in the definition of malnutrition and recognized as a new entity in the international classification of diseases, physicians have taken great interest in sarcopenia. Its negative consequences on the fate of patients with cirrhosis are well-demonstrated. The concept of frailty has recently been enlarged to chronic liver diseases as symptoms of impaired global physical functioning. In this article, we will discuss the definitions of malnutrition and emphasize its links with sarcopenia and frailty. We will show the relevance of frailty and sarcopenia in the course of liver diseases. The emerging role of muscle depletion on the cardiorespiratory system will also be highlighted. The importance of body composition will be demonstrated and the main tools reviewed. Finally, we adapted the definition of malnutrition to patients with cirrhosis based on the assessment of sarcopenia together with reduced food intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Buchard
- Service de Médecine Digestive et Hépatobiliaire, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Yves Boirie
- Service de Nutrition Clinique, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Unité de Nutrition Humaine, UMR 1019 INRA-Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lucie Cassagnes
- Service de radiologie adultes, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France;
- Institut Pascal, Thérapies guidées par l’image, UMR 6602 CNRS-SIGMA-Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Géraldine Lamblin
- Service de Médecine Digestive et Hépatobiliaire, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (A.A.)
| | - A. Coilly
- Centre Hépatobiliaire, AP-HP Hôpital Paul-Brousse, UMR 1193 INSERM-Université Paris Sud, 94800 Villejuif, France;
| | - Armando Abergel
- Service de Médecine Digestive et Hépatobiliaire, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (G.L.); (A.A.)
- Institut Pascal, Thérapies guidées par l’image, UMR 6602 CNRS-SIGMA-Université Clermont Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Bullón-Vela V, Abete I, Tur JA, Konieczna J, Romaguera D, Pintó X, Corbella E, Martínez-González MA, Sayón-Orea C, Toledo E, Corella D, Macías-Gonzalez M, Tinahones FJ, Fitó M, Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvadó J, Daimiel L, Mascaró CM, Zulet MA, Martínez JA. Relationship of visceral adipose tissue with surrogate insulin resistance and liver markers in individuals with metabolic syndrome chronic complications. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2020; 11:2042018820958298. [PMID: 33149882 PMCID: PMC7586032 DOI: 10.1177/2042018820958298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has a hazardous influence on systemic inflammation, insulin resistance and an adverse metabolic profile, which increases the risk of developing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic complications of diabetes. In our study we aimed to evaluate the association of VAT and the triglyceride glucose (TyG) as a proxy of insulin resistance surrogated with metabolic and liver risk factors among subjects diagnosed with metabolic syndrome (MetS). METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed including 326 participants with MetS (55-75 years) from the PREDIMED-Plus study. Liver-status markers, VAT and TyG were assessed. Participants were stratified by tertiles according to VAT (n = 254) and TyG (n = 326). A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to analyse the efficiency of TyG for VAT. RESULTS Subjects with greater visceral fat depots showed worse lipid profile, higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), TyG, alanine transaminase (ALT), fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), fatty liver index (FLI) and hepatic steatosis index (HSI) compared with participants in the first tertile. The multi-adjusted linear-regression analyses indicated that individuals in the third tertile of TyG (>9.1-10.7) had a positive association with HOMA-IR [β = 3.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.28-3.86; p trend < 0.001)], ALT [β = 7.43 (95% CI 2.23-12.63; p trend = 0.005)], gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) [β = 14.12 (95% CI 3.64-24.61; p trend = 0.008)], FGF-21 [β = 190.69 (95% CI 93.13-288.25; p trend < 0.001)], FLI [β = 18.65 (95% CI 14.97-22.23; p trend < 0.001)] and HSI [β = 3.46 (95% CI, 2.23-4.68; p trend < 0.001)] versus participants from the first tertile. Interestingly, the TyG showed the largest area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) for women (AUC = 0.713; 95% CI 0.62-0.79) compared with men (AUC = 0.570; 95% CI 0.48-0.66). CONCLUSIONS A disrupted VAT enlargement and impairment of TyG are strongly associated with liver status and cardiometabolic risk factors linked with NAFLD in individuals diagnosed with MetS. Moreover, the TyG could be used as a suitable and reliable marker estimator of VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Josep A. Tur
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jadwiga Konieczna
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdIsBa), University Hospital of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Dora Romaguera
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Nutritional Epidemiology & Cardiovascular Physiopathology (NUTRECOR), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emili Corbella
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Martínez-González
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carmen Sayón-Orea
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdisNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Macías-Gonzalez
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Tinahones
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Virgen de la Victoria Hospital, Institute of Biomedical Research in Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group (CARIN), Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Unversitat Rovira i Virgili, Department de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Unitat de Nutrició Humana, Reus, Spain
- Institut d’Investigació Pere Virgili (IISPV), Hospital Universitari Sant Joan de Reus, Reus, Spain
| | - Lidia Daimiel
- Precision Nutrition Programme, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Catalina M. Mascaró
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Community Nutrition and Oxidative Stress, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | - José Alfredo Martínez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Precision Nutrition Programme, IMDEA Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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10
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Jang K, Tong T, Lee J, Park T, Lee H. Altered Gene Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Obese Subjects. Obes Facts 2020; 13:375-385. [PMID: 32544907 PMCID: PMC7445570 DOI: 10.1159/000507817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gene expression profiles in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) may act as a useful tool to better understand obesity. We investigated gene expression levels in PMBCs for possible differences between obese and non-obese subjects (19-55 years) and evaluated correlations between gene expression in PBMCs and clinical obesity indices. METHODS Body weight, BMI, fat amount, fat percentage, waist/hip ratio, leptin, and adiponectin levels were determined in 30 obese and 20 non-obese subjects. Expression levels of 19 genes, which were differentially expressed by clinical obesity indices in the PBMCs of high fat-fed rats, were determined in their PBMCs using real-time PCR. RESULTS The expression of 9 of 19 previously selected genes was significantly correlated with one or more clinical obesity indices. Both TFEC and CCL2 expression were negatively correlated with BMI, fat amount, fat percentage, waist/hip ratio, and leptin concentration. Similarly, TNFAIP2, VCAN, ASSI, IRF1, and HK3 expression negatively correlated with some clinical obesity indices, such as TNFAIP2 for BMI, fat amount, fat percentage, and waist/hip ratio, VCAN for fat amount, fat percentage, and waist/hip ratio, ASS1 for BMI and fat amount, IRF1 for BMI, fat amount, and fat percentage, and HK3 for fat amount. In contrast, both TNF-α and LPL expression were positively correlated with waist/hip ratio. CONCLUSION We identified 9 of 19 genes in human PBMCs that significantly correlated with one or more clinical obesity indices. Because these genes have a mechanistic basis for the development or progression of obesity and its metabolic derangements, they may help to determine possible underlying mechanisms for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungho Jang
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Tao Tong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- **Taesun Park, Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120749 (South Korea),
| | - Howard Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Howard Lee, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110799 (South Korea),
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11
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Nauli AM, Matin S. Why Do Men Accumulate Abdominal Visceral Fat? Front Physiol 2019; 10:1486. [PMID: 31866877 PMCID: PMC6906176 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Men have a higher tendency to accumulate abdominal visceral fat compared to pre-menopausal women. The accumulation of abdominal visceral fat in men, which is a strong independent predictor of mortality, is mainly due to the higher dietary fat uptake by their abdominal visceral fat. Since dietary fat is absorbed by the enterocytes and transported to the circulation in the forms of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs), it is crucial to understand how these lipoproteins are different between men and women. The chylomicrons in men are generally bigger in size and more in quantity than those in women. During the postprandial state, these chylomicrons congest the lamina propria and the low-pressure lymphatics. In this paper, we propose that this congestion predisposes the chylomicron triglycerides to hydrolysis by lipoprotein lipase (LPL). The liberated fatty acids are then stored by the nearby abdominal visceral adipocytes, leading to the accumulation of abdominal visceral fat. These mechanisms perhaps explain why men, through their bigger and higher production of chylomicrons, are more likely to accumulate abdominal visceral fat than pre-menopausal women. This accumulation eventually leads to belly enlargement, which confers men their apple-shaped body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andromeda M Nauli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, United States
| | - Sahar Matin
- College of Pharmacy, Marshall B. Ketchum University, Fullerton, CA, United States
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12
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Hafidi ME, Buelna-Chontal M, Sánchez-Muñoz F, Carbó R. Adipogenesis: A Necessary but Harmful Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153657. [PMID: 31357412 PMCID: PMC6696444 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is considered to significantly increase the risk of the development of a vast range of metabolic diseases. However, adipogenesis is a complex physiological process, necessary to sequester lipids effectively to avoid lipotoxicity in other tissues, like the liver, heart, muscle, essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis and has a crucial role as a component of the innate immune system, far beyond than only being an inert mass of energy storage. In pathophysiological conditions, adipogenesis promotes a pro-inflammatory state, angiogenesis and the release of adipokines, which become dangerous to health. It results in a hypoxic state, causing oxidative stress and the synthesis and release of harmful free fatty acids. In this review, we try to explain the mechanisms occurring at the breaking point, at which adipogenesis leads to an uncontrolled lipotoxicity. This review highlights the types of adipose tissue and their functions, their way of storing lipids until a critical point, which is associated with hypoxia, inflammation, insulin resistance as well as lipodystrophy and adipogenesis modulation by Krüppel-like factors and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El Hafidi
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Mabel Buelna-Chontal
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Fausto Sánchez-Muñoz
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Roxana Carbó
- Departamento de Biomedicina Cardiovascular, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México City 14080, Mexico.
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13
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Longo M, Zatterale F, Naderi J, Parrillo L, Formisano P, Raciti GA, Beguinot F, Miele C. Adipose Tissue Dysfunction as Determinant of Obesity-Associated Metabolic Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092358. [PMID: 31085992 PMCID: PMC6539070 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 745] [Impact Index Per Article: 149.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a critical risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), and its prevalence is rising worldwide. White adipose tissue (WAT) has a crucial role in regulating systemic energy homeostasis. Adipose tissue expands by a combination of an increase in adipocyte size (hypertrophy) and number (hyperplasia). The recruitment and differentiation of adipose precursor cells in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), rather than merely inflating the cells, would be protective from the obesity-associated metabolic complications. In metabolically unhealthy obesity, the storage capacity of SAT, the largest WAT depot, is limited, and further caloric overload leads to the fat accumulation in ectopic tissues (e.g., liver, skeletal muscle, and heart) and in the visceral adipose depots, an event commonly defined as “lipotoxicity.” Excessive ectopic lipid accumulation leads to local inflammation and insulin resistance (IR). Indeed, overnutrition triggers uncontrolled inflammatory responses in WAT, leading to chronic low-grade inflammation, therefore fostering the progression of IR. This review summarizes the current knowledge on WAT dysfunction in obesity and its associated metabolic abnormalities, such as IR. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating adipose tissue expansion in obesity is required for the development of future therapeutic approaches in obesity-associated metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Longo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Federica Zatterale
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Jamal Naderi
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Luca Parrillo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Gregory Alexander Raciti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Francesco Beguinot
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Claudia Miele
- Department of Translational Medicine, Federico II University of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- URT Genomic of Diabetes, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy.
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14
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Adamska-Patruno E, Goscik J, Czajkowski P, Maliszewska K, Ciborowski M, Golonko A, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Citko A, Waszczeniuk M, Kretowski A, Gorska M. The MC4R genetic variants are associated with lower visceral fat accumulation and higher postprandial relative increase in carbohydrate utilization in humans. Eur J Nutr 2019; 58:2929-2941. [PMID: 30945034 PMCID: PMC6768895 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-01955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The interactions between lifestyle and genetic factors play an important role in obesity development. Mutations in melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) gene are one of the most common cause of monogenic obesity, however, the functional effects of polymorphic variants near MC4R gene in general populations remain uncertain. The aim of our study was to analyze whether the common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MC4R gene influence the food preferences, physical activity, body fat content and distribution, as well as fasting and postprandial energy expenditure and substrates utilization. Methods We genotyped previously identified MC4R SNPs: rs17782313, rs633265, rs1350341, rs12970134 in 927 subjects, who underwent anthropometric, total body fat content, visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) measurements, and daily physical activity and dietary intake analysis. In randomly selected 47 subjects the energy expenditure, carbohydrate and lipid utilizations were evaluated in fasting state and after high-carbohydrate and control meals intake. Results We found the significant associations between studied SNPs of MC4R gene and VAT and VAT/SAT ratio. Moreover, the GG genotype carriers of rs1350341, who had the lowest VAT accumulation (p = 0.012), presented higher relative increase in postprandial carbohydrate utilization (p = 0.013, p = 0.024). Conclusions We have observed that common SNPs of the MC4R gene influence the body fat content and distribution, as well as relative increase in postprandial carbohydrate utilization. We believe that our study may help to understand better the impact of MC4R gene on obesity development, and to help to provide personalized prevention/treatment strategies to fight against obesity and its metabolic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Adamska-Patruno
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.
| | - Joanna Goscik
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Czajkowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Maliszewska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Michał Ciborowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Golonko
- Department of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Medical University of Bialystok, Mieszka I-go 4B, 15-054, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Natalia Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Anna Citko
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Magdalena Waszczeniuk
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Maria Gorska
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, M.C. Sklodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276, Bialystok, Poland
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15
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Ebadi M, Tandon P, Moctezuma-Velazquez C, Ghosh S, Baracos VE, Mazurak VC, Montano-Loza AJ. Low subcutaneous adiposity associates with higher mortality in female patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2018; 69:608-616. [PMID: 29709682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Two major body compartments, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, exhibit independent functions. We aimed to explore the prognostic significance of skeletal muscle, visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, according to sex, in patients with cirrhosis assessed for liver transplantation (LT). METHODS CT images taken at the 3rd lumbar vertebra from 677 patients were quantified for three body composition indexes (cm2/m2), visceral adipose tissue index, subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI), and skeletal muscle index (SMI). Cox proportional and competing-risk analysis hazard models were conducted to assess associations between mortality and body composition. RESULTS The majority of patients were male (67%) with a mean age of 57 ± 7 years, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score of 14 ± 8 and mean body mass index of 27 ± 6 kg/m2. Despite similar body mass index between the sexes, male patients had greater SMI (53 ± 12 vs. 45 ± 9 cm2/m2), whereas SATI (67 ± 52 vs. 48 ± 37 cm2/m2) was higher in females (p <0.001 for each). In sex stratified multivariate analyses after adjustment for MELD score and other confounding variables, SATI in females (hazard ratio [HR] 0.99; 95% CI 0.98-1.00; p = 0.01) and SMI in males (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.96-1.00; p = 0.02) were significant predictors of mortality. Female patients with low SATI (<60 cm2/m2) had a higher risk of mortality (HR 2.06; 95% CI 1.08-3.91; p = 0.03). Using competitive risk analysis in female patients listed for LT, low SATI was also an independent predictor of mortality (subdistribution HR 2.80; 95% CI 1.28-6.12; p = 0.01) after adjusting for MELD, and other confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS A lower SATI is associated with higher mortality in female patients with cirrhosis. Subcutaneous adipose tissue has a favorable metabolic profile - low SATI may reflect depletion of this major energy reservoir, leading to poor clinical outcomes. LAY SUMMARY We looked at the importance of two of the main body compartments, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (fat) on the prognosis of males and females with end-stage liver disease. Lower amounts of subcutaneous fat but not visceral fat (around internal organs), are associated with higher mortality in female patients with end-stage liver disease. However, low skeletal muscle predicts mortality in male patients with end-stage liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Ebadi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Puneeta Tandon
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Sunita Ghosh
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vickie E Baracos
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vera C Mazurak
- Division of Human Nutrition, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Aldo J Montano-Loza
- Division of Gastroenterology & Liver Unit, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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16
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Serra MC, Ryan AS, Goldberg AP. Reduced LPL and subcutaneous lipid storage capacity are associated with metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women with obesity. Obes Sci Pract 2016; 3:106-114. [PMID: 28392937 PMCID: PMC5358073 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examines the hypothesis that lower adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and a limited capacity for subcutaneous adipocyte expansion will be associated with metabolic syndrome (MSyn) in postmenopausal women who are overweight and obese. METHODS Women (N = 150; age 60 ± 1 year; BMI: 31.5 ± 0.3 kg m-2; mean ± standard errors of the means [SEM]) with and without MSyn had dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans for total body fat, CT scans for visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue areas, lipid and glucose metabolic profiles, and abdominal and gluteal fat aspirations for subcutaneous fat cell weight (FCW; N = 150) and LPL activity (N = 100). RESULTS Women with MSyn had similar total body fat, but 15% larger abdominal and 11% larger gluteal FCWs and more visceral fat (179 ± 7 vs. 134 ± 6 cm2) than women without MSyn (P's < 0.05). Abdominal LPL activity was 13% (P = 0.18) lower in women with than without MSyn and correlated with abdominal FCW (r = 0.49, P < 0.01) only in those without MSyn. Visceral fat and abdominal and gluteal FCWs correlated with MSyn components, and subcutaneous adipose tissue correlated with abdominal FCW (r = 0.43, P < 0.01) and LPL activity (r = 0.18, P < 0.05), independent of total body fat. CONCLUSIONS These results show that women with MSyn have lower LPL activity, limited capacity for subcutaneous adipocyte lipid storage and greater ectopic fat accumulation in viscera than women without MSyn of comparable obesity. This suggests that the development of novel therapies that would enhance adipocyte expandability might prevent the accumulation of ectopic fat and reduce the risk for MSyn in postmenopausal women with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Serra
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center VA Maryland Health Care System Baltimore MD USA
| | - A S Ryan
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center VA Maryland Health Care System Baltimore MD USA
| | - A P Goldberg
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center VA Maryland Health Care System Baltimore MD USA
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