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Kumar S, Umair Z, Kumar V, Goutam RS, Park S, Lee U, Kim J. Xbra modulates the activity of linker region phosphorylated Smad1 during Xenopus development. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8922. [PMID: 38637565 PMCID: PMC11026473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bmp/Smad1 pathway plays a crucial role in developmental processes and tissue homeostasis. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (Mapk)/Erk mediated phosphorylation of Smad1 in the linker region leads to Smad1 degradation, cytoplasmic retention and inhibition of Bmp/Smad1 signaling. While Fgf/Erk pathway has been documented to inhibit Bmp/Smad1 signaling, several studies also suggests the cooperative interaction between these two pathways in different context. However, the precise role and molecular pathway of this collaborative interaction remain obscure. Here, we identified Xbra induced by Fgf/Erk signaling as a factor in a protective mechanism for Smad1. Xbra physically interacted with the linker region phosphorylated Smad1 to make Xbra/Smad1/Smad4 trimeric complex, leading to Smad1 nuclear localization and protecting it from ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation. This interaction of Xbra/Smad1/Smad4 led to sustained nuclear localization of Smad1 and the upregulation of lateral mesoderm genes, while concurrently suppression of neural and blood forming genes. Taken together, the results suggests Xbra-dependent cooperative interplays between Fgf/Erk and Bmp/Smad1 signaling during lateral mesoderm specification in Xenopus embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea
- ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Gosselies, B-6041, Belgium
| | - Zobia Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ravi Shankar Goutam
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Soochul Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, 24252, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Hildebrandt ER, Hussain SA, Sieburg MA, Ravishankar R, Asad N, Gore S, Ito T, Hougland JL, Dore TM, Schmidt WK. Targeted genetic and small molecule disruption of N-Ras CaaX cleavage alters its localization and oncogenic potential. Bioorg Chem 2024; 147:107316. [PMID: 38583246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Ras GTPases and other CaaX proteins undergo multiple post-translational modifications at their carboxyl-terminus. These events initiate with prenylation of a cysteine and are followed by endoproteolytic removal of the 'aaX' tripeptide and carboxylmethylation. Some CaaX proteins are only subject to prenylation, however, due to the presence of an uncleavable sequence. In this study, uncleavable sequences were used to stage Ras isoforms in a farnesylated and uncleaved state to address the impact of CaaX proteolysis on protein localization and function. This targeted strategy is more specific than those that chemically inhibit the Rce1 CaaX protease or delete the RCE1 gene because global abrogation of CaaX proteolysis impacts the entire CaaX protein proteome and effects cannot be attributed to any specific CaaX protein of the many concurrently affected. With this targeted strategy, clear mislocalization and reduced activity of farnesylated and uncleaved Ras isoforms was observed. In addition, new peptidomimetics based on cleavable Ras CaaX sequences and the uncleavable CAHQ sequence were synthesized and tested as Rce1 inhibitors using in vitro and cell-based assays. Consistently, these non-hydrolyzable peptidomimetic Rce1 inhibitors recapitulate Ras mislocalization effects when modeled on cleavable but not uncleavable CaaX sequences. These findings indicate that a prenylated and uncleavable CaaX sequence, which can be easily applied to a wide range of mammalian CaaX proteins, can be used to probe the specific impact of CaaX proteolysis on CaaX protein properties under conditions of an otherwise normally processed CaaX protein proteome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Hildebrandt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Shaneela A Hussain
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | | | - Rajani Ravishankar
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Nadeem Asad
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Sangram Gore
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Takahiro Ito
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - James L Hougland
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA; BioInspired Syracuse, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Timothy M Dore
- New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE; Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Walter K Schmidt
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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3
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Zhang Z, Song Z, Luo L, Zhu Z, Zuo X, Ju C, Wang X, Ma Y, Wu T, Yao Z, Zhou J, Chen B, Ding T, Wang Z, Hu X. Photobiomodulation inhibits the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans after spinal cord injury via the Sox9 pathway. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:180-189. [PMID: 37488865 PMCID: PMC10479858 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Both glial cells and glia scar greatly affect the development of spinal cord injury and have become hot spots in research on spinal cord injury treatment. The cellular deposition of dense extracellular matrix proteins such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans inside and around the glial scar is known to affect axonal growth and be a major obstacle to autogenous repair. These proteins are thus candidate targets for spinal cord injury therapy. Our previous studies demonstrated that 810 nm photobiomodulation inhibited the formation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans after spinal cord injury and greatly improved motor function in model animals. However, the specific mechanism and potential targets involved remain to be clarified. In this study, to investigate the therapeutic effect of photobiomodulation, we established a mouse model of spinal cord injury by T9 clamping and irradiated the injury site at a power density of 50 mW/cm2 for 50 minutes once a day for 7 consecutive days. We found that photobiomodulation greatly restored motor function in mice and downregulated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan expression in the injured spinal cord. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that photobiomodulation inhibited the expression of proteoglycan-related genes induced by spinal cord injury, and versican, a type of proteoglycan, was one of the most markedly changed molecules. Immunofluorescence staining showed that after spinal cord injury, versican was present in astrocytes in spinal cord tissue. The expression of versican in primary astrocytes cultured in vitro increased after inflammation induction, whereas photobiomodulation inhibited the expression of versican. Furthermore, we found that the increased levels of p-Smad3, p-P38 and p-Erk in inflammatory astrocytes were reduced after photobiomodulation treatment and after delivery of inhibitors including FR 180204, (E)-SIS3, and SB 202190. This suggests that Smad3/Sox9 and MAPK/Sox9 pathways may be involved in the effects of photobiomodulation. In summary, our findings show that photobiomodulation modulates the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans, and versican is one of the key target molecules of photobiomodulation. MAPK/Sox9 and Smad3/Sox9 pathways may play a role in the effects of photobiomodulation on chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan accumulation after spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiwen Song
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Liang Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhijie Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Cheng Ju
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xuankang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yangguang Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tingyu Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhou Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Beiyu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Tan Ding
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xueyu Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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4
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Wilcockson SG, Guglielmi L, Araguas Rodriguez P, Amoyel M, Hill CS. An improved Erk biosensor detects oscillatory Erk dynamics driven by mitotic erasure during early development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2802-2818.e5. [PMID: 37714159 PMCID: PMC7615346 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) signaling dynamics elicit distinct cellular responses in a variety of contexts. The early zebrafish embryo is an ideal model to explore the role of Erk signaling dynamics in vivo, as a gradient of activated diphosphorylated Erk (P-Erk) is induced by fibroblast growth factor (Fgf) signaling at the blastula margin. Here, we describe an improved Erk-specific biosensor, which we term modified Erk kinase translocation reporter (modErk-KTR). We demonstrate the utility of this biosensor in vitro and in developing zebrafish and Drosophila embryos. Moreover, we show that Fgf/Erk signaling is dynamic and coupled to tissue growth during both early zebrafish and Drosophila development. Erk activity is rapidly extinguished just prior to mitosis, which we refer to as mitotic erasure, inducing periods of inactivity, thus providing a source of heterogeneity in an asynchronously dividing tissue. Our modified reporter and transgenic lines represent an important resource for interrogating the role of Erk signaling dynamics in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott G Wilcockson
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Luca Guglielmi
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Pablo Araguas Rodriguez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Marc Amoyel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Caroline S Hill
- Developmental Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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5
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Jia L, Zhang Y, Sun S, Hao X, Wen Y. Dasatinib regulates the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs through Erk and EID3 signals. Int J Med Sci 2023; 20:1460-1468. [PMID: 37790842 PMCID: PMC10542188 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.87089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are important candidate seed cells for alveolar bone tissue engineering. Dasatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, and its influence on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells is a controversial topic. The present study explored the effects of different concentrations of dasatinib on the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs and tentatively revealed the related mechanism. The results of CCK8 showed that low concentrations of dasatinib (1 nM) did not affect proliferation, while high concentrations of dasatinib significantly inhibited the proliferative activity of PDLSCs. This could be related to the inhibiting effects of dasatinib on Erk signals. ALP staining, alizarin red staining, and western blot proved that low concentrations of dasatinib (1 nM) promoted the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, while high concentrations of dasatinib inhibited it. The negative effects of dasatinib on osteogenic differentiation were reversed when EID3 was knocked down, suggesting that EID3 mediates the regulation of dasatinib on the osteo-differentiation of PDLSCs. Taken together, high concentrations of dasatinib inhibited the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs through Erk and EID3 signals, while low concentrations of dasatinib could be a potential method to enhance the bone regeneration ability of PDLSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglu Jia
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong, China
| | - Yafei Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China & Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin, China
| | - Shaoqing Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong, China
| | - Xingyao Hao
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong, China
| | - Yong Wen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong, China
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6
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Netterfield TS, Ostheimer GJ, Tentner AR, Joughin BA, Dakoyannis AM, Sharma CD, Sorger PK, Janes KA, Lauffenburger DA, Yaffe MB. Biphasic JNK- Erk signaling separates the induction and maintenance of cell senescence after DNA damage induced by topoisomerase II inhibition. Cell Syst 2023; 14:582-604.e10. [PMID: 37473730 PMCID: PMC10627503 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Genotoxic stress in mammalian cells, including those caused by anti-cancer chemotherapy, can induce temporary cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage-induced senescence (DDIS), or apoptotic cell death. Despite obvious clinical importance, it is unclear how the signals emerging from DNA damage are integrated together with other cellular signaling pathways monitoring the cell's environment and/or internal state to control different cell fates. Using single-cell-based signaling measurements combined with tensor partial least square regression (t-PLSR)/principal component analysis (PCA) analysis, we show that JNK and Erk MAPK signaling regulates the initiation of cell senescence through the transcription factor AP-1 at early times after doxorubicin-induced DNA damage and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) at late times after damage. These results identify temporally distinct roles for signaling pathways beyond the classic DNA damage response (DDR) that control the cell senescence decision and modulate the tumor microenvironment and reveal fundamental similarities between signaling pathways responsible for oncogene-induced senescence (OIS) and senescence caused by topoisomerase II inhibition. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Netterfield
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gerard J Ostheimer
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrea R Tentner
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Brian A Joughin
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexandra M Dakoyannis
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Charvi D Sharma
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Computer Science and Molecular Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Peter K Sorger
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kevin A Janes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Precision Cancer Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Acute Care Surgery, Trauma, and Surgical Critical Care, and Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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7
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Arekatla G, Trenzinger C, Reimann A, Loeffler D, Kull T, Schroeder T. Optogenetic manipulation identifies the roles of ERK and AKT dynamics in controlling mouse embryonic stem cell exit from pluripotency. Dev Cell 2023:S1534-5807(23)00183-1. [PMID: 37207652 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
ERK and AKT signaling control pluripotent cell self-renewal versus differentiation. ERK pathway activity over time (i.e., dynamics) is heterogeneous between individual pluripotent cells, even in response to the same stimuli. To analyze potential functions of ERK and AKT dynamics in controlling mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) fates, we developed ESC lines and experimental pipelines for the simultaneous long-term manipulation and quantification of ERK or AKT dynamics and cell fates. We show that ERK activity duration or amplitude or the type of ERK dynamics (e.g., transient, sustained, or oscillatory) alone does not influence exit from pluripotency, but the sum of activity over time does. Interestingly, cells retain memory of previous ERK pulses, with duration of memory retention dependent on duration of previous pulse length. FGF receptor/AKT dynamics counteract ERK-induced pluripotency exit. These findings improve our understanding of how cells integrate dynamics from multiple signaling pathways and translate them into cell fate cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geethika Arekatla
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Trenzinger
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Reimann
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Loeffler
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kull
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.
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8
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Liu L, Yu S, Bu T, He G, Li S, Wu J. Casein Hydrolysate Alleviates Adipose Chronic Inflammation in High Fat-Diet Induced Obese C57BL/6J Mice through MAPK Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081813. [PMID: 37111032 PMCID: PMC10146021 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-induced adipose chronic inflammation is closely related to the development of insulin resistance and T2DM. Tripeptides l-valyl-l-prolyl-l-proline (VPP) and l-isoleucyl-l-prolyl-L-proline (IPP) derived from bovine casein have been reported to prevent inflammatory changes and mitigate insulin resistance in adipocytes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of casein hydrolysates (CH) containing VPP and IPP on a high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and cytokine TNF-α-induced adipocytes. Our data showed that CH alleviated chronic inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. 4% CH suppressed HFD-induced systemic inflammatory factors, hypertrophic white adipocytes, and macrophage infiltration. More importantly, CH was able to improve adipocyte dysfunction induced by TNF-α by increasing the expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBP-α) rather than peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ). Furthermore, CH also dose-dependently suppressed mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and enhanced the phosphorylation of Erk 1/2, but not nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 phosphorylation, in TNF-α-induced 3T3-L1 cells. These results indicated that CH could ameliorate adipose chronic inflammation through the MAPK pathway. Altogether, our findings suggested that 4% CH supplementation for 6 weeks exerted a protective role in preventing obesity-related inflammation and adipose dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Liu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Songfeng Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Tingting Bu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Guoqing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianping Wu
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
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9
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Yeh CM, Sun YY, Chen TY, Hung Y, Lee GC, Yang WC, Lin Y. Early Life Exposure to C 16-Ceramide Improves Learning and Short-Term Memory Behavior during Adulthood in Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37026580 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ceramides, structural components of the cell, are known to play a range of roles in glucose metabolism and apoptosis. C16-ceramide, an abundant molecular species of endogenous ceramide, has not had its influence on learning and memory explored. We administered C16-ceramide to mice immediately after weaning and examined the learning and memory behavior of these mice during adulthood. Mice given C16-ceramide early in life showed improved adult learning/short-term memory behavior without affecting their glucose metabolism. Looking for a plausible mechanism for this, we found that calcium influx, CaMKII/CREB, and the Erk-relevant signaling transduction are increased after C16-ceramide stimulation in primary neurons in vitro. Possible downstream epigenetic molecular events, such as H3K4 methylation and Egr-1 abundance, were also found to be upregulated. Utilizing J20 mice, an Alzheimer disease mice model in which mice were injected after weaning with C16-ceramide, we found that these mice also show improved learning and short-term memory behavior when assessed by the Morris water maze test. Taken together, giving C16-ceramide early in life would seem to benefit learning and short-term memory behavior during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Min Yeh
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ya Sun
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yu Hung
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Chiun Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chin Yang
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yenshou Lin
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, 88 Ting-Chou Road, Section 4, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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10
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Silva F, Masella G, Madeira MF, Duarte CB, Santos M. TrkC Intracellular Signalling in the Brain Fear Network During the Formation of a Contextual Fear Memory. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:3507-3521. [PMID: 36882590 PMCID: PMC10122637 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Learned fear is orchestrated by a brain fear network that comprises the amygdala, hippocampus and the medial prefrontal cortex. Synaptic plasticity within this network is critical for the formation of proper fear memories. Known for their role in the promotion of synaptic plasticity, neurotrophins position as obvious candidates in the regulation of fear processes. Indeed, recent evidence from our laboratory and others associates dysregulated signalling through neurotrophin-3 and its receptor TrkC with the pathophysiology of anxiety and fear-related disorders. Here, we put wild-type C57Bl/6J mice through a contextual fear conditioning paradigm in order to characterize TrkC activation and expression in the main brain regions involved in (learned) fear - amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex - during the formation of a fear memory. We report an overall decreased activation of TrkC in the fear network during fear consolidation and reconsolidation. During reconsolidation, hippocampal TrkC downregulation was accompanied by a decrease in the expression and activation of Erk, a critical signalling pathway in fear conditioning. Moreover, we did not find evidence that the observed decrease of TrkC activation was caused by altered expression of dominant negative form of TrkC, neurotrophin-3, or the PTP1B phosphatase. Our results indicate hippocampal TrkC inactivation through Erk signalling as a potential mechanism in the regulation of contextual fear memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Silva
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (iiiUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gianluca Masella
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (iiiUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos B Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mónica Santos
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (iiiUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
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11
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Johnson HE. Application of Optogenetics to Probe the Signaling Dynamics of Cell Fate Decision-Making. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2634:315-326. [PMID: 37074585 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3008-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of optogenetic control over signaling pathways has provided a unique opportunity to decode the role of signaling dynamics in cell fate programing. Here I present a protocol for decoding cell fates through systematic interrogation with optogenetics and visualization of signaling with live biosensors. Specifically, this is written for Erk control of cell fates using the optoSOS system in mammalian cells or Drosophila embryos, though it is intended to be adapted to apply generally for several optogenetic tools, pathways, and model systems. This guide focuses on calibrating these tools, tricks of their use, and using them to interrogate features which program cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath E Johnson
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong, China.
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12
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Huang S, Deng W, Dong Y, Hu Z, Zhang Y, Wang P, Cao X, Chen M, Cheng P, Xu H, Zhu W, Tang B, Zhu J. Melatonin influences the biological characteristics of keloid fibroblasts through the Erk and Smad signalling pathways. Burns Trauma 2023; 11:tkad005. [PMID: 36873285 PMCID: PMC9977354 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Keloids are abnormal fibrous hyperplasias that are difficult to treat. Melatonin can be used to inhibit the development of certain fibrotic diseases but has never been used to treat keloids. We aimed to discover the effects and mechanisms of melatonin in keloid fibroblasts (KFs). Methods Flow cytometry, CCK-8 assays, western blotting, wound-healing assays, transwell assays, collagen gel contraction assays and immunofluorescence assays were applied to demonstrate the effects and mechanisms of melatonin in fibroblasts derived from normal skin, hypertrophic scars and keloids. The therapeutic potential of the combination of melatonin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was investigated in KFs. Results Melatonin significantly promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion, contractile capability and collagen production in KFs. Further mechanistic studies demonstrated that melatonin could inhibit the cAMP/PKA/Erk and Smad pathways through the membrane receptor MT2 to alter the biological characteristics of KFs. Moreover, the combination of melatonin and 5-FU remarkably promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited cell migration and invasion, contractile capability and collagen production in KFs. Furthermore, 5-FU suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt, mTOR, Smad3 and Erk, and melatonin in combination with 5-FU markedly suppressed the activation of the Akt, Erk and Smad pathways. Conclusions Collectively, melatonin may inhibit the Erk and Smad pathways through the membrane receptor MT2 to alter the cell functions of KFs, while combination with 5-FU could exert even more inhibitory effects in KFs through simultaneous suppression of multiple signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaobin Huang
- Department of Burn, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.,Department of Cosmetic and Plastic Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510655, China.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yunxian Dong
- Department of Burn, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Department of Burn, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Burn, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoling Cao
- Department of Burn, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Pu Cheng
- Department of Burn, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Hailin Xu
- Department of Burn, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Wenkai Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, United States
| | - Bing Tang
- Department of Burn, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jiayuan Zhu
- Department of Burn, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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13
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Okada M, Fukuyama K, Motomura E. Dose-Dependent Biphasic Action of Quetiapine on AMPK Signalling via 5-HT7 Receptor: Exploring Pathophysiology of Clinical and Adverse Effects of Quetiapine. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169103. [PMID: 36012369 PMCID: PMC9409360 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent pharmacological studies indicated that the modulation of tripartite-synaptic transmission plays important roles in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, mood disorders and adverse reactions. Therefore, to explore the mechanisms underlying the clinical and adverse reactions to atypical antipsychotics, the present study determined the effects of the sub-chronic administration of quetiapine (QTP: 3~30 μM) on the protein expression of 5-HT7 receptor (5-HT7R), connexin43 (Cx43), cAMP level and intracellular signalling, Akt, Erk and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in cultured astrocytes and the rat hypothalamus, using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry and capillary immunoblotting systems. QTP biphasically increased physiological ripple-burst evoked astroglial D-serine release in a concentration-dependent manner, peaking at 10 μM. QTP enhanced the astroglial signalling of Erk concentration-dependently, whereas both Akt and AMPK signalling’s were biphasically enhanced by QTP, peaking at 10 μM and 3 μM, respectively. QTP downregulated astroglial 5-HT7R in the plasma membrane concentration-dependently. Protein expression of Cx43 in astroglial cytosol and intracellular cAMP levels were decreased and increased by QTP also biphasically, peaking at 3 μM. The dose-dependent effects of QTP on the protein expression of 5-HT7R and Cx43, AMPK signalling and intracellular cAMP levels in the hypothalamus were similar to those in astrocytes. These results suggest several complicated pharmacological features of QTP. A therapeutically relevant concentration/dose of QTP activates Akt, Erk and AMPK signalling, whereas a higher concentration/dose of QTP suppresses AMPK signalling via its low-affinity 5-HT7R inverse agonistic action. Therefore, 5-HT7R inverse agonistic action probably plays important roles in the prevention of a part of adverse reactions of QTP, such as weight gain and metabolic complications.
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14
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Yue S, Wang Y, Wang ZJ. Insulin-like growth factor 1 regulates excitatory synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons from adult prefrontal cortex. Neuropharmacology 2022;:109204. [PMID: 35931212 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.109204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) influences synaptic function in addition to its role in brain development and aging. Although the expression levels of IGF1 and IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) peak during development and decline with age, the adult brain has abundant IGF1 or IGF1R expression. Studies reveal that IGF1 regulates the synaptic transmission in neurons from young animals. However, the action of IGF1 on neurons in the adult brain is still unclear. Here, we used prefrontal cortical (PFC) slices from adult mice (∼8 weeks old) to characterize the role of IGF1 on excitatory synaptic transmission in pyramidal neurons and the underlying molecular mechanisms. We first validated IGF1R expression in pyramidal neurons using translating ribosomal affinity purification assay. Then, using whole-cell patch-clamp recording, we found that IGF1 attenuated the amplitude of evoked excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) without affecting the frequency and amplitude of miniature EPSC. Furthermore, this decrease in excitatory neurotransmission was blocked by pharmacological inhibition of IGF1R or conditionally knockdown of IGF1R in PFC pyramidal neurons. In addition, we determined that IGF1-induced decrease of EPSC amplitude was due to postsynaptic effect (internalization of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4- isoxazolepropionic acid receptors [AMPAR]) rather than presynaptic glutamate release. Finally, we found that inhibition of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype-1 (mGluR1) abolished IGF1-induced attenuation of evoked EPSC amplitude and decrease of AMPAR expression at synaptic membrane, suggesting mGluR1-mediated endocytosis of AMPAR was involved. Taken together, these data provide the first evidence that IGF1 regulates excitatory synaptic transmission in adult PFC via the interaction between IGF1R-dependent signaling pathway and mGluR1-mediated AMPAR endocytosis.
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15
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Gao WY, Boonyarat C, Takomthong P, Plekratoke K, Hayakawa Y, Yenjai C, Kaewamatawong R, Chaiwiwatrakul S, Waiwut P. Acridone Derivatives from Atalantia monophyla Inhibited Cancer Cell Proliferation through ERK Pathway. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123865. [PMID: 35744993 PMCID: PMC9228231 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of acridone alkaloids on cancer cell lines and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The ten acridone alkaloids from Atalantia monophyla were screened for cytotoxicity against LNCaP cell lines by a WST-8 assay. Then, the most potential acridone, buxifoliadine E, was evaluated on four types of cancer cells, namely prostate cancer (LNCaP), neuroblastoma (SH SY5Y), hepatoblastoma (HepG2), and colorectal cancer (HT29). The results showed that buxifoliadine E was able to significantly inhibit the proliferation of all four types of cancer cells, having the most potent cytotoxicity against the HepG2 cell line. Western blotting analysis was performed to assess the expression of signaling proteins in the cancer cells. In HepG2 cells, buxifoliadine E induced changes in the levels of Bid as well as cleaved caspase-3 and Bax through MAPKs, including Erk and p38. Moreover, the binding interaction between buxifoliadine E and Erk was investigated by using the Autodock 4.2.6 and Discovery Studio programs. The result showed that buxifoliadine E bound at the ATP-binding site, located at the interface between the N- and C-terminal lobes of Erk2. The results of this study indicate that buxifoliadine E suppressed cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting the Erk pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yong Gao
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (W.-Y.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Chantana Boonyarat
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.T.); (K.P.)
| | - Pitchayakarn Takomthong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.T.); (K.P.)
| | - Kusawadee Plekratoke
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (C.B.); (P.T.); (K.P.)
| | - Yoshihiro Hayakawa
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;
| | - Chavi Yenjai
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Rawiwun Kaewamatawong
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (W.-Y.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Suchada Chaiwiwatrakul
- Department of English, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani Rajabhat University, Ubon Ratchathani 34000, Thailand;
| | - Pornthip Waiwut
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, Thailand; (W.-Y.G.); (R.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-80-8955511; Fax: +66-45-353609
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16
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Bhat AQ, Ayaz MO, Hussain R, Dar MS, Hossain MM, Showket F, Dar MS, Akhter Y, Dar MJ. Identification of a stretch of four discontinuous amino acids involved in regulating kinase activity of IGF1R. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:275976. [PMID: 35686490 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IGF1R is pursued as a therapeutic target because of its abnormal expression in various cancers. Recently, we reported the presence of a putative allosteric inhibitor binding pocket in IGF1R that could be exploited for developing novel anti-cancer agents. In this study, we examined the role of nine highly conserved residues surrounding this binding pocket with the aim to screen compound libraries in order to develop small molecule allosteric inhibitors of IGF1R. We generated GFP fusion constructs of these mutants to analyze their impact on subcellular localization, kinase activity as well as downstream signalling of IGF1R. K1055H and E1056G were seen to completely abrogate the kinase activity of IGF1R whereas R1064K and L1065A were seen to significantly reduce the IGF1R activity as well. During molecular dynamics analysis, various structural and conformational changes were observed in different conserved regions of mutant proteins particularly in the activation loop resulting in compromising kinase activity of IGF1R. These results show that a stretch of four discontinuous residues within this newly identified binding pocket is critical for activity as well as the structural integrity of IGF1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Qadir Bhat
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Mir Owais Ayaz
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Razak Hussain
- Department of botany, Central university of Jammu, Rahya Suchani 181143, J&K, India
| | - Mohmmad Saleem Dar
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Md Mehedi Hossain
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Farheen Showket
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
| | - Mohd Saleem Dar
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University,West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yusuf Akhter
- Department of Biotechnology, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226025, India
| | - Mohd Jamal Dar
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, J&K, India
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17
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McFann SE, Shvartsman SY, Toettcher JE. Putting in the Erk: Growth factor signaling and mesoderm morphogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 149:263-310. [PMID: 35606058 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that FGF signaling contributes to mesoderm formation, a germ layer found in triploblasts that is composed of highly migratory cells that give rise to muscles and to the skeletal structures of vertebrates. FGF signaling activates several pathways in the developing mesoderm, including transient activation of the Erk pathway, which triggers mesodermal fate specification through the induction of the gene brachyury and activates morphogenetic programs that allow mesodermal cells to position themselves in the embryo. In this review, we discuss what is known about the generation and interpretation of transient Erk signaling in mesodermal tissues across species. We focus specifically on mechanisms that translate the level and duration of Erk signaling into cell fate and cell movement instructions and discuss strategies for further interrogating the role that Erk signaling dynamics play in mesodermal gastrulation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E McFann
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Stanislav Y Shvartsman
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jared E Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States.
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18
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Gong R, Li H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Ge L, Shi L, Wu G, Lyu J, Gu H, He L. Gab2 promotes acute myeloid leukemia growth and migration through the SHP2- Erk-CREB signaling pathway. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:669-677. [PMID: 35322464 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2a0421-221r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematologic malignant disease largely affecting older adults with poor outcomes. Lack of effective targeted treatment is a major challenge in managing the disease in the clinic. Scaffolding adaptor Gab2 is amplified in a subset of AML. However, the causative role of Gab2 in AML remains to be explored. In this study, it was found that Gab2 was expressed at high levels in AML patient samples and AML cell lines. Experiments by knocking down Gab2 expression using shRNA showed that Gab2 promoted AML cell growth and migration in vitro and in vivo. Further studies using Gab2 mutants and pharmacological inhibitors revealed that Gab2 increased CREB phosphorylation via the SHP-2/Erk signaling pathway. CREB phosphorylation contributed to Gab2-induced cell migration by increasing MMP2 and MMP9 expression. This research indicates that high Gab2 expression promotes AML progression through the SHP2-Erk-CREB signaling pathway. CREB suppression may help treat AML with high Gab2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, China
| | - Haoying Li
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lu Ge
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liuzhi Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haihua Gu
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Licai He
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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19
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Tsiomita S, Liveri EM, Vardaka P, Vogiatzi A, Skiadaresis A, Saridis G, Tsigkas I, Michaelidis TM, Mavrothalassitis G, Thyphronitis G. ETS2 repressor factor (ERF) is involved in T lymphocyte maturation acting as regulator of thymocyte lineage commitment. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 112:641-657. [PMID: 35258130 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.1a0720-439r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymocyte differentiation and lineage commitment is regulated by an extensive network of transcription factors and signaling molecules among which Erk plays a central role. However, Erk effectors as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying this network are not well understood. Erf is a ubiquitously expressed transcriptional repressor regulated by Erk-dependent phosphorylation. Here, we investigated the role of Erf in T cell maturation and lineage commitment, using a double-fluorescent Erf-floxed mouse to produce thymus-specific Erf knockouts. We observed significant accumulation of thymocytes in the CD4/CD8 DP stage, followed by a significant reduction in CD4SP cells, a trend for lower CD8SP cell frequency, and an elevated percentage of γδ expressing thymocytes in Erf-deficient mice. Also, an elevated number of CD69+ TCRβ+ cells indicates that thymocytes undergoing positive selection accumulate at this stage. The expression of transcription factors Gata3, ThPOK, and Socs1 that promote CD4+ cell commitment was significantly decreased in Erf-deficient mice. These findings suggest that Erf is involved in T cell maturation, acting as a positive regulator during CD4 and eventually CD8 lineage commitment, while negatively regulates the production of γδ T cells. In addition, Erf-deficient mice displayed decreased percentages of CD4+ and CD8+ splenocytes and elevated levels of IL-4 indicating that Erf may have an additional role in the homeostasis, differentiation, and immunologic response of helper and cytotoxic T cells in the periphery. Overall, our results show, for the first time, Erf's involvement in T cell biology suggesting that Erf acts as a potential regulator during thymocyte maturation and thymocyte lineage commitment, in γδ T cell generation, as well as in Th cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridoula Tsiomita
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Effrosyni Maria Liveri
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Panagiota Vardaka
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Angeliki Vogiatzi
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Argyris Skiadaresis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Saridis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Tsigkas
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Theologos M Michaelidis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.,Department of Biomedical Research, Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Ioannina, Greece
| | - George Mavrothalassitis
- Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,IMBB, FORTH, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Thyphronitis
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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20
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Rodríguez-Abreu D, Cobo M, García-Román S, Viteri-Ramírez S, Jordana-Ariza N, García-Peláez B, Reguart N, Aguilar A, Codony-Servat J, Drozdowskyj A, Molina-Vila MA, d'Hondt E, Rosell R. The EPICAL trial, a phase Ib study combining first line afatinib with anti-EGF vaccination in EGFR-mutant metastatic NSCLC. Lung Cancer 2021; 164:8-13. [PMID: 34971901 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Combination of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies or immune checkpoint inhibitors with TKIs has shown minimal benefit in EGFR mutant (EGFR-mut) NSCLC patients. Consequently, new combination approaches are needed. PATIENTS AND METHODS The EPICAL was a single arm, phase 1b study to evaluate safety, tolerability and anti-tumor activity of first line afatinib combined with anti-EGF vaccination in advanced EGFR-mut patients. EGFR status and mutations in liquid biopsies were determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction; serum biomarkers by ELISA and Western blotting analysis. RESULTS The assay enrolled 23 patients, 21 completed the anti-EGF immunization phase. Treatment was well tolerated and no serious adverse events (SAEs) related to the anti-EGF vaccine were reported. Objective response and disease control rates were 78.3% (95%CI = 53.6-92.5) and 95.7% (95%CI = 78.1-99.9), respectively. After a median follow-up of 24.2 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 14.8 months (95% CI = 9.5-20.1) and median overall survival (OS) 26.9 months (95% CI = 23.0-30.8). Among the 21 patients completing the immunization phase, PFS was 17.5 months (95% CI = 12.0-23.0) and OS 26.9 months (95% CI = 24.6-NR). At the end of the immunization phase, all 21 patients showed high serum titers of anti-EGF antibodies, while EGF levels had decreased significantly. Finally, treatment with fully immunized patient's sera inhibited the EGFR pathway in tumor cells growing in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Combination treatment with an anti-EGF vaccine is well tolerated; induces a sustained immunogenic effect and might enhance the clinical efficacy of EGFR TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Rodríguez-Abreu
- Medical Oncology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - M Cobo
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica Intercentros de Oncología Médica, Hospitales Universitarios Regional y Virgen de la Victoria, IBIMA, Málaga, Spain
| | - S García-Román
- Laboratorio de Oncología, Pangaea Oncology, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - N Jordana-Ariza
- Laboratorio de Oncología, Pangaea Oncology, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B García-Peláez
- Laboratorio de Oncología, Pangaea Oncology, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Reguart
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Aguilar
- Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Codony-Servat
- Laboratorio de Oncología, Pangaea Oncology, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Drozdowskyj
- Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M A Molina-Vila
- Laboratorio de Oncología, Pangaea Oncology, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | - R Rosell
- Instituto Oncológico Dr Rosell, Hospital Universitari Dexeus, Grupo Quirón Salud, Barcelona, Spain.
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21
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Abstract
Orosomucoid 1 (ORM1) has been shown to be upregulated in the serum of breast cancer patients; however, the expression and function of ORM1 in breast cancer remains unknown. We measured the expression of ORM1 in breast cancer tissues and cell lines using qRT-PCR. A colony formation assay was done to assess cell proliferation and Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to determine the migration and invasion capacity of the cells, respectively. In addition, a CCK-8 assay was used to measure epirubicin cytotoxicity and western blot assays were done to analyze the putative mechanisms of epirubicin sensitivity. We found that the expression of ORM1 was upregulated in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. The expression of ORM1 enhanced the proliferation and migration of the cell lines. In contrast, down-regulation of ORM1 inhibited the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 and activation of the AKT/ERK signaling pathway. Therefore, ORM1 may represent a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer and promote epirubicin resistance by regulating the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9, as well as activating the AKT/ERK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luo Qiong
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital, Southern Medical University (Hengyang Central Hospital), Hengyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hengyang Hospital, Southern Medical University (Hengyang Central Hospital), Hengyang, People's Republic of China
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22
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Zhang B, Ting W, Gao J, Kang Z, Huang C, Weng Y. Erk phosphorylation reduces the thymoquinone toxicity in human hepatocarcinoma. Environ Toxicol 2021; 36:1990-1998. [PMID: 34173702 PMCID: PMC8456969 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Although enormous achievements have been made in targeted molecular therapies against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the treatments can only prolong the life of patients with extrahepatic metastases. We evaluated thymoquinone (TQ), a compound from Nigella sativa Linn., for its anti-cancer effect on SK-Hep1 cells and HCC-xenograft nude mice. TQ effectively triggered cell death and activated p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk) pathways up to 24 h after treatment in cells. TQ-induced cell death was reversed by p38 inhibitor; however, it was enhanced by si-Erk. The caspase3 activation and TUNEL assay revealed a stronger toxic effect upon co-treatment with TQ and si-Erk. Our study suggested that phosphorylation of p38 in SK-Hep1 cells constituted the major factor leading to cell apoptosis, whereas phosphorylation of Erk led to drug resistance. Furthermore, TQ therapeutic effect was improved upon Erk inhibition in HCC-xenograft nude mice. TQ could present excellent anti-HCC potential under suitable p-Erk inhibiting conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary SurgeryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanChina
| | - Wei‐Jen Ting
- Basic Medical Science LaboratoryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanChina
| | - Jun Gao
- Basic Medical Science LaboratoryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanChina
| | - Zhan‐Fang Kang
- Basic Medical Science LaboratoryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanChina
| | - Chih‐Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical ScienceChina Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondrial Related Disease Research CenterHualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical FoundationHualienTaiwan
- Department of Medical ResearchChina Medical University Hospital, China Medical UniversityTaichungTaiwan
- Center of General EducationBuddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University of Science and TechnologyHualienTaiwan
| | - Yi‐Jiun Weng
- Basic Medical Science LaboratoryThe Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's HospitalQingyuanChina
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23
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Araki M, Kontani K. Regulation of lysosomal positioning via TMEM55B phosphorylation. J Biochem 2021; 169:507-509. [PMID: 33537719 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are dynamic organelles that are transported along microtubules bidirectionally via kinesin and dynein motor proteins. Lysosomal positioning, which is determined by the balance of the bidirectional lysosomal movement, changes under various conditions and affects lysosomal functions such as autophagy and antigen presentation. A recent study by Takemasu et al. (Phosphorylation of TMEM55B by Erk/MAPK regulates lysosomal positioning. J. Biochem. 2019; 166:175-185) has shown that phosphorylation of the transmembrane protein TMEM55B is involved in the retrograde lysosomal trafficking towards the perinuclear region. They found that TMEM55B is phosphorylated upon stimulation with various ligands and that Erk/MAPK mediates the TMEM55B phosphorylation. They have also revealed that a phosphorylation mimic mutant of TMEM55B enhances perinuclear lysosomal clustering compared to the wild-type TMEM55B. These findings suggest that TMEM55B phosphorylation by Erk/MAPK is responsible for regulating lysosomal positioning in response to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Araki
- Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
| | - Kenji Kontani
- Department of Biochemistry, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, 2-522-1 Noshio, Kiyose, Tokyo 204-8588, Japan
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24
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Robinson S, Mogul AS, Taylor-Yeremeeva EM, Khan A, Tirabassi AD, Wang HY. Stress Diminishes BDNF-stimulated TrkB Signaling, TrkB-NMDA Receptor Linkage and Neuronal Activity in the Rat Brain. Neuroscience 2021:S0306-4522(21)00358-4. [PMID: 34298123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to intense or repeated stressors can lead to depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Neurological changes induced by stress include impaired neurotrophin signaling, which is known to influence synaptic integrity and plasticity. The present study used an ex vivo approach to examine the impact of acute or repeated stress on BDNF-stimulated TrkB signaling in hippocampus (HIPPO) and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Rats in an acute multiple stressor group experienced five stressors in one day whereas rats in a repeated unpredictable stressor group experienced 20 stressors across 10 days. After stress exposure, slices were incubated with vehicle or BDNF, followed by immunoprecipitation and immunoblot assays to assess protein levels, activation states and protein-protein linkage associated with BDNF-TrkB signaling. Three key findings are (1) exposure to stressors significantly diminished BDNF-stimulated TrkB signaling in HIPPO and PFC such that reductions in TrkB activation, diminished recruitment of adaptor proteins to TrkB, reduced activation of downstream signaling molecules, disruption of TrkB-NMDAr linkage, and changes in basal and BDNF-stimulated Arc expression were observed. (2) After stress, BDNF stimulation enhanced TrkB-NMDAr linkage in PFC, suggestive of compensatory mechanisms in this region. (3) We discovered an uncoupling between TrkB signaling, TrkB-NMDAr linkage and Arc expression in PFC and HIPPO. In addition, a robust surge in pro-inflammatory cytokines was observed in both regions after repeated exposure to stressors. Collectively, these data provide therapeutic targets for future studies that investigate how to reverse stress-induced downregulation of BDNF-TrkB signaling and underscore the need for functional studies that examine stress-related TrkB-NMDAr activities in PFC.
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25
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Okuda KS, Ng MF, Ruslan NF, Bower NI, Song DSS, Chen H, Baek S, Crosier PS, Koltowska K, Astin JW, Tan PJ, Hogan BM, Patel V. 3,4-Difluorobenzocurcumin Inhibits Vegfc-Vegfr3- Erk Signalling to Block Developmental Lymphangiogenesis in Zebrafish. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:614. [PMID: 34206901 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphangiogenesis, the formation of new lymphatic vessels from pre-existing vasculature, plays critical roles in disease, including in cancer metastasis and chronic inflammation. Preclinical and recent clinical studies have now demonstrated therapeutic utility for several anti-lymphangiogenic agents, but optimal agents and efficacy in different settings remain to be determined. We tested the anti-lymphangiogenic property of 3,4-Difluorobenzocurcumin (CDF), which has previously been implicated as an anti-cancer agent, using zebrafish embryos and cultured vascular endothelial cells. We used transgenic zebrafish labelling the lymphatic system and found that CDF potently inhibits lymphangiogenesis during embryonic development. We also found that the parent compound, Curcumin, does not inhibit lymphangiogenesis. CDF blocked lymphatic and venous sprouting, and lymphatic migration in the head and trunk of the embryo. Mechanistically, CDF impaired VEGFC-VEGFR3-ERK signalling in vitro and in vivo. In an in vivo pathological model of Vegfc-overexpression, treatment with CDF rescued endothelial cell hyperplasia. CDF did not inhibit the kinase activity of VEGFR3 yet displayed more prolonged activity in vivo than previously reported kinase inhibitors. These findings warrant further assessment of CDF and its mode of action as a candidate for use in metastasis and diseases of aberrant lymphangiogenesis.
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26
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Okuda KS, Keyser MS, Gurevich DB, Sturtzel C, Mason EA, Paterson S, Chen H, Scott M, Condon ND, Martin P, Distel M, Hogan BM. Live-imaging of endothelial Erk activity reveals dynamic and sequential signalling events during regenerative angiogenesis. eLife 2021; 10:62196. [PMID: 34003110 PMCID: PMC8175085 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessel networks occurs via angiogenesis during development, tissue repair, and disease. Angiogenesis is regulated by intracellular endothelial signalling pathways, induced downstream of vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGFRs). A major challenge in understanding angiogenesis is interpreting how signalling events occur dynamically within endothelial cell populations during sprouting, proliferation, and migration. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) is a central downstream effector of Vegf-signalling and reports the signalling that drives angiogenesis. We generated a vascular Erk biosensor transgenic line in zebrafish using a kinase translocation reporter that allows live-imaging of Erk-signalling dynamics. We demonstrate the utility of this line to live-image Erk activity during physiologically relevant angiogenic events. Further, we reveal dynamic and sequential endothelial cell Erk-signalling events following blood vessel wounding. Initial signalling is dependent upon Ca2+ in the earliest responding endothelial cells, but is independent of Vegfr-signalling and local inflammation. The sustained regenerative response, however, involves a Vegfr-dependent mechanism that initiates concomitantly with the wound inflammatory response. This work reveals a highly dynamic sequence of signalling events in regenerative angiogenesis and validates a new resource for the study of vascular Erk-signalling in real-time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhide S Okuda
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Mikaela S Keyser
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - David B Gurevich
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.,Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Caterina Sturtzel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Zebrafish Platform Austria for preclinical drug screening (ZANDR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth A Mason
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Scott Paterson
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Huijun Chen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Mark Scott
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Condon
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Paul Martin
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University Walk, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Distel
- Innovative Cancer Models, St Anna Kinderkrebsforschung, Children's Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria.,Zebrafish Platform Austria for preclinical drug screening (ZANDR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Benjamin M Hogan
- Organogenesis and Cancer Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, St Lucia, Australia
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27
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Cao M, Huang W, Chen Y, Li G, Liu N, Wu Y, Wang G, Li Q, Kong D, Xue T, Yang N, Liu Y. Chronic restraint stress promotes the mobilization and recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells through β-adrenergic-activated CXCL5-CXCR2- Erk signaling cascades. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:460-472. [PMID: 33751565 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) play an important role in tumor immune escape. Recent studies have shown that MDSCs contribute to tumor progression under psychological stress, but the underlying mechanism of MDSCs mobilization and recruitment remains largely unknown. In the present study, a chronic restraint stress paradigm was applied to the H22 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) bearing mice to mimic the psychological stress. We observed that chronic restraint stress significantly promoted HCC growth, as well as the mobilization of MDSCs to spleen and tumor sites from bone marrow. Meanwhile, chronic restraint stress enhanced the expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) and pErk1/2 in bone marrow MDSCs, together with elevated chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 5 (CXCL5) expression in tumor tissues. In vitro, the treatments of MDSCs with epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE) but not corticosterone (CORT)-treated H22 conditioned medium obviously inhibited T-cell proliferation, as well as enhanced CXCR2 expression and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) phosphorylation. In vivo, β-adrenergic blockade with propranolol almost completely reversed the accelerated tumor growth induced by chronic restraint stress and inactivated CXCL5-CXCR2-Erk signaling pathway. Our findings support the crucial role of β-adrenergic signaling cascade in the mobilization and recruitment of MDSCs under chronic restraint stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhu Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Gaoxiang Li
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Nasi Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Youming Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guiping Wang
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Qian Li
- Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dexin Kong
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tongtong Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyong Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region, China
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28
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Xiong S, Ma M, Xu Y, Wei F, Gu Q, He X, Xu X. Protective effects of peptide FK18 against neuro-excitotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:451. [PMID: 33747186 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxic neuronal injury is associated with numerous acute and chronic neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and glaucoma. Neuroprotection is a direct and effective therapeutic approach, with small-molecule bioactive peptides displaying certain advantages, including high membrane permeability, low immunogenicity and convenient synthesis and modification. FK18 is a novel peptide derived from basic fibroblast growth factor, which is a protein with neuroprotective effects. The present study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of FK18 against excitotoxic injury. For this purpose, cell viability was determined by the MTS assay, cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry and the TUNEL assay; expression of antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2, proapoptotic protein Bax and caspase-3 as well as the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk was estimated by western blotting. The results of the present study demonstrated that FK18 effectively increased the viability of, and attenuated glutamate-induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, FK18 significantly increased Akt phosphorylation and decreased Erk phosphorylation in SH-SY5Y cells. FK18 also increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decreased the level of cleaved-caspase-3 in SY5Y cells, which was reversed by the Akt pathway inhibitor LY294002, but not by the Erk pathway inhibitor U0126. The findings of the present study suggested that FK18 may be a promising therapeutic agent for the inhibition of neuronal cell death in multiple neurological diseases involving excitotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Mingming Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yupeng Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiangui He
- Department of Preventative Ophthalmology, Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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29
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Jiang Y, Song J, Xu Y, Liu C, Qian W, Bai T, Hou X. Piezo1 regulates intestinal epithelial function by affecting the tight junction protein claudin-1 via the ROCK pathway. Life Sci 2021; 275:119254. [PMID: 33636174 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Defective tight junctions (TJs) can induce intestinal epithelial dysfunction, which participates in various diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome. However, the mechanisms of TJ defects remain unclear. Our study revealed the role of Piezo1 in regulating intestinal epithelial function and TJs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The human colonic adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2 were cultured on Transwell plate to form an epithelial barrier in vitro, and Piezo1 expression was manipulated using a lentivirus vector. Epithelial function was evaluated by measuring transepithelial electronic resistance (TEER) and 4-kDa FITC-dextran (FD4) transmission. TJ proteins (claudin-1, occludin, ZO-1) were evaluated by RT-PCR, western blot, and immunostaining analysis. Potential signal pathways, including the ROCK and Erk pathways, were detected. Moreover, to explore the regulatory effect of Piezo1 activity on epithelial function, inhibitors (ruthenium red, GsMTx4) and an agonist (Yoda1) were introduced both ex vivo and in vitro. KEY FINDINGS Alteration of Piezo1 expression altered epithelial function and the expression of the tight junction protein claudin-1. Piezo1 expression regulated phosphorylated ROCK1/2 expression, whereas interference on ROCK1/2 prevented the regulation of claudin-1 by Piezo1. In both Caco-2 monolayer and mouse colon epithelium, Piezo1 activity directly modulated epithelial function and permeability. SIGNIFICANCE Piezo1 negatively regulates epithelial barrier function by affecting the expression of claudin-1. Such regulation may be achieved partially via the ROCK1/2 pathway. Moreover, activating Piezo1 can induce epithelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
| | - Jun Song
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Caiyuan Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei Province 430022, China.
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Cui H, Lin Y, Xie L, Zhao J. Urantide decreases hepatic steatosis in rats with experimental atherosclerosis via the MAPK/ Erk/JNK pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:284. [PMID: 33604686 PMCID: PMC7905324 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis, an indicator of atherosclerosis (AS), is always accompanied by inflammatory responses and disturbances in lipid metabolism. The present study investigated the protective effect of urantide, a urotensin II (UII) receptor antagonist, on the liver of rats with AS with hepatic steatosis by regulating the MAPK pathway. AS was induced in rats via an intraperitoneal injection of vitamin D3 and the administration of a high‑fat diet. Urantide treatment was then administered to the rats. Pathology, liver index, lipid levels and liver function were measured to determine liver injury. The expression levels of UII and G protein‑coupled receptor 14 (GPR14) were determined using immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting. The expression levels of MAPK‑related proteins in hepatocytes from each group were quantified using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. Rats with AS had typical pathological changes associated with AS and hepatic steatosis, which were significantly improved by urantide treatment. Blood lipid levels, body weight, liver index and liver function were recovered in rats with AS after urantide treatment. Urantide downregulated the expression levels of UII and GPR14 in the livers of rats with AS; concurrently, the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and JNK was significantly decreased. Moreover, no significant changes were observed in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in AS rat livers. In conclusion, urantide inhibits the activation of Erk1/2 and JNK by blocking the binding of UII and GPR14, thereby alleviating hepatic steatosis in rats with AS, ultimately restoring lipid metabolism in the liver and alleviating AS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Cui
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Yingxue Lin
- Department of Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Lide Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengde Medical University, Chengde, Hebei 067000, P.R. China
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De Nisco NJ, Casey AK, Kanchwala M, Lafrance AE, Coskun FS, Kinch LN, Grishin NV, Xing C, Orth K. Manipulation of IRE1-Dependent MAPK Signaling by a Vibrio Agonist-Antagonist Effector Pair. mSystems 2021; 6:e00872-20. [PMID: 33563785 PMCID: PMC7883537 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00872-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diverse bacterial pathogens employ effector delivery systems to disrupt vital cellular processes in the host (N. M. Alto and K. Orth, Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Biol 4:a006114, 2012, https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a006114). The type III secretion system 1 of the marine pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus utilizes the sequential action of four effectors to induce a rapid, proinflammatory cell death uniquely characterized by a prosurvival host transcriptional response (D. L. Burdette, M. L. Yarbrough, A Orvedahl, C. J. Gilpin, and K. Orth, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:12497-12502, 2008, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0802773105; N. J. De Nisco, M. Kanchwala, P. Li, J. Fernandez, C. Xing, and K. Orth, Sci Signal 10:eaa14501, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.aal4501). Herein, we show that this prosurvival response is caused by the action of the channel-forming effector VopQ that targets the host V-ATPase, resulting in lysosomal deacidification and inhibition of lysosome-autophagosome fusion. Recent structural studies have shown how VopQ interacts with the V-ATPase and, while in the ER, a V-ATPase assembly intermediate can interact with VopQ, causing a disruption in membrane integrity. Additionally, we observed that VopQ-mediated disruption of the V-ATPase activates the IRE1 branch of the unfolded protein response (UPR), resulting in an IRE1-dependent activation of ERK1/2 MAPK signaling. We also find that this early VopQ-dependent induction of ERK1/2 phosphorylation is terminated by the VopS-mediated inhibitory AMPylation of Rho GTPase signaling. Since VopS dampens VopQ-induced IRE1-dependent ERK1/2 activation, we propose that IRE1 activates ERK1/2 phosphorylation at or above the level of Rho GTPases. This study illustrates how temporally induced effectors can work as in tandem as agonist/antagonist to manipulate host signaling and reveals new connections between V-ATPase function, UPR, and MAPK signaling.IMPORTANCE Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a seafood-borne pathogen that encodes two type 3 secretion systems (T3SS). The first system, T3SS1, is thought to be maintained in all strains of V. parahaemolyticus to maintain survival in the environment, whereas the second system, T3SS2, is linked to clinical isolates and disease in humans. Here, we found that first system targets evolutionarily conserved signaling systems to manipulate host cells, eventually causing a rapid, orchestrated cells death within 3 h. We have found that the T3SS1 injects virulence factors that temporally manipulate host signaling. Within the first hour of infection, the effector VopQ acts first by activating host survival signals while diminishing the host cell apoptotic machinery. Less than an hour later, another effector, VopS, reverses activation and inhibition of these signaling systems, ultimately leading to death of the host cell. This work provides example of how pathogens have evolved to manipulate the interplay between T3SS effectors to regulate host signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole J De Nisco
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Amanda K Casey
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Alexander E Lafrance
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Fatma S Coskun
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lisa N Kinch
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Nick V Grishin
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Kim Orth
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Zhen H, Li G, Zhao P, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yu J, Cao B. Raltitrexed Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Apatinib in Human Esophageal Squamous Carcinoma Cells via Akt and Erk Pathways. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:12325-12339. [PMID: 33293826 PMCID: PMC7719348 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s276125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Apatinib has been proved effective in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer and a variety of solid tumors. Raltitrexed is emerging as a promising alternative for treating advanced colorectal cancer in China. This work aims to study the combinatory antitumor effect of apatinib and raltitrexed on human esophageal squamous carcinoma cells (ESCC). Materials and Methods Two VEGFR-2-positive human ESCC lines, KYSE-30 and TE-1, were treated with apatinib or raltitrexed, or both, then the cell proliferation rate was measured by MTS assay; cell migration and invasion were studied by transwell assays; cell apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry; cellular autophagy level affected was analyzed by Western blot analysis; finally, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to monitor transcription and Western blot was performed to check phosphorylation of apoptotic proteins after treatment. Results Both apatinib and raltitrexed significantly inhibited KYSE-30 and TE-1 cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with both drugs showed enhanced inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness compared with apatinib monotherapy. Apoptosis percentages in both cell lines were also remarkably increased by the combined treatment. Moreover, the combination of apatinib and raltitrexed down-regulated mRNA level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, while up-regulated pro-apoptotic protein PARP, Bax, and caspase-3 transcription. Western blot analysis showed that phosphorylation levels of Erk, Akt, and invasiveness-associated protein matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) were decreased in the combination group. Conclusion Taken together, these results indicate that raltitrexed enhances the antitumor effects of apatinib on human ESCC cells by down-regulating phosphorylation of Akt and Erk, implying a combination of raltitrexed and apatinib might be an effective option for treating esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchao Zhen
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangxin Li
- Radiation Oncology, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Zhao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Junxian Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Bangwei Cao
- Cancer Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, People's Republic of China
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Lee SW, Commisso C. Metabolic regulation of EGFR effector and feedback signaling in pancreatic cancer cells requires K-Ras. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:424-428. [PMID: 32972751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nutrient stress driven by glutamine deficiency activates EGFR signaling in a subset of KRAS-mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. EGFR signaling in the context of glutamine starvation is thought to be instigated by the transcriptional upregulation of EGFR ligands and functions as an adaptation mechanism to allow PDAC cells to maintain metabolic fitness. Having a clear view of the intricate signaling cascades potentiated by the metabolic induction of EGFR is important in understanding how these effector pathways influence cancer progression. In this study, we examined the complex signaling that occurs in PDAC cells when EGFR is activated by glutamine deprivation. We elucidate that the metabolic activation of EGFR is principally mediated by HB-EGF, and that other members of the ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase family are not activated by glutamine starvation. Additionally, we determine that glutamine depletion-driven EGFR signaling is associated with a specific receptor phosphorylation known to participate in a feedback loop, a process that is dependent on Erk. Lastly, we determine that K-Ras is required for glutamine depletion-induced Erk activation, as well as EGFR feedback phosphorylation, but is dispensable for Akt activation. These data provide important insights into the regulation of EGFR signaling in the context of metabolic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szu-Wei Lee
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Cosimo Commisso
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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Feng Y, Hu S, Liu L, Ke J, Long X. HMGB1 contributes to osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint by inducing synovial angiogenesis. J Oral Rehabil 2020; 48:551-559. [PMID: 33247959 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High- mobility group 1 protein (HMGB1) is related with inflammation. Our former research reported that substantial HMGB1 situates at the synovium of osteoarthritis of temporomandibular joint (TMJOA) patients. OBJECTIVE This study investigated whether HMGB1 promotes synovial angiogenesis of TMJOA and its underlying mechanism. METHODS Human synovial fibroblasts were stimulated with HMGB1; the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible transcription factor-1α (HIF-1α) in these cells was explored by Western blotting, real-time PCR and immunofluorescent staining. The angiogenic capacity of these cells was assayed by tube formation and cell migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The specific inhibitor against HMGB1, VEGF, Erk or JNK was added in these cells, respectively. Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced TMJOA rats were produced. The changes in their synovium and synovial fluid were detected by immunofluorescent staining and ELISA. RESULTS HMGB1 effectively up-regulated the production of VEGF and HIF-1α in TMJOA synovial fibroblasts through the activation of Erk and JNK. Conditioned medium from HMGB1-treated TMJOA synovial fibroblasts significantly promoted tube formation and migration in HUVECs, while attenuated those after the addition of certain inhibitor for VEGF. Furthermore, the specific inhibitor against HMGB1 vanished the neovascularisation and production of HIF-1α, VEGF and CD34 in the synovium of rat TMJOA induced by CFA injection. Additionally, this inhibitor led to the reduction of IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α in the synovial fluid of those rats. CONCLUSION These findings disclose a key role for HMGB1 in governing synovial angiogenesis and as a therapeutic target against TMJOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Feng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Ke
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xing Long
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM), School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Umair Z, Kumar S, Rafiq K, Kumar V, Reman ZU, Lee SH, Kim S, Lee JY, Lee U, Kim J. Dusp1 modulates activin/smad2 mediated germ layer specification via FGF signal inhibition in Xenopus embryos. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2020; 24:359-370. [PMID: 33456720 PMCID: PMC7782979 DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2020.1847732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activin, a member of the transforming growth factor (TGF-β) superfamily, induces mesoderm, endoderm and neuro-ectoderm formation in Xenopus embryos. Despite several previous studies, the complicated gene regulatory network and genes involved in this induction await more elaboration. We identified expression of various fibroblast growth factor (FGF) genes in activin/smad2 treated animal cap explants (AC) of Xenopus embryos. Activin/smad2 increased fgf3/8 expression, which was reduced by co-injection of dominant negative activin receptor (DNAR) and dominant negative Fgf receptor (DNFR). Interestingly, activin/smad2 also increased expression of dual specificity phosphatase 1 (dusp1) which has been known to inhibit Fgf signaling. Dusp1 overexpression in dorsal marginal zone caused gastrulation defect and decreased Jnk/Erk phosphorylation as well as Smad1 linker region phosphorylation. Dusp1 decreased neural and organizer gene expression with increasing of endodermal and ventral gene expression in smad2 treated AC, indicating that dusp1 modulates germ layer specification. Dusp1 decreased neural gene expression in fgf8 treated AC, suggesting that Erk and/or Jnk phosphorylation may be involved in fgf8 induced neural induction. In addition, dusp1 decreased the reporter gene activities of activin response element (ARE) and increased it for bmp response element (BRE), indicating that dusp1 modulates two opposite morphogen signaling of dorsal (activin/Smad2) and ventral (bmp/Smad1) tracks, acting to fine tune the Fgf/Erk pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zobia Umair
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Khezina Rafiq
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Zia Ur Reman
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - SungChan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Unjoo Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaebong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Cell Differentiation and Aging, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-Do, Republic of Korea
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Han H, Yang Y, Wu Z, Liu B, Dong L, Deng H, Tian J, Lei H. Capilliposide B blocks VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vitro in primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 133:110999. [PMID: 33227710 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal angiogenesis is associated with intraocular diseases such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy and neovascular age-related macular degeneration, and current therapies for these eye diseases are not satisfactory. The purpose of this study was to determine whether capilliposide B (CPS-B), a novel oleanane triterpenoid saponin derived from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl, can inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis signaling events and cellular responses in primary human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs). Our study revealed that the capilliposide B IC50 for HRECs was 8.5 μM at 72 h and that 1 μM capilliposide B specifically inhibited VEGF-induced activation of VEGFR2 and its downstream signaling enzymes Akt and Erk. In addition, we discovered that this chemical effectively blocked VEGF-stimulated proliferation, migration and tube formation of the HRECs, suggesting that capilliposide B is a promising prophylactic for angiogenesis-associated diseases such as proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
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Jin LQ, John BH, Hu J, Selzer ME. Activated Erk Is an Early Retrograde Signal After Spinal Cord Injury in the Lamprey. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:580692. [PMID: 33250705 PMCID: PMC7674770 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.580692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that spinal cord transection (TX) in the lamprey causes mRNA to accumulate in the injured tips of large reticulospinal (RS) axons. We sought to determine whether this mRNA accumulation results from phosphorylation and transport of retrograde signals, similar to what has been reported in mammalian peripheral nerve. Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (Erk), mediates the neurite outgrowth-promoting effects of many neurotrophic factors. To assess the role of Erk in retrograde signaling of RS axon injury, we used immunoblot and immunohistochemistry to determine the changes in phosphorylated Erk (p-Erk) in the spinal cord after spinal cord TX. Immunostaining for p-Erk increased within axons and local cell bodies, most heavily within the 1-2 mm closest to the TX site, at between 3 and 6 h post-TX. In axons, p-Erk was concentrated in 3-5 μm granules that became less numerous with distance from the TX. The retrograde molecular motor dynein colocalized with p-Erk, but vimentin, which in peripheral nerve was reported to participate with p-Erk as part of a retrograde signal complex, did not colocalize with p-Erk, even though vimentin levels were elevated post-TX. The results suggest that p-Erk, but not vimentin, may function as a retrograde axotomy signal in lamprey central nervous system neurons, and that this signal may induce transcription of mRNA, which is then transported down the axon to its injured tip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Qing Jin
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Brittany H John
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jianli Hu
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michael E Selzer
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Neurology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Katsuya N, Sentani K, Sekino Y, Yamamoto Y, Kobayashi G, Babasaki T, Oue N, Amatya VJ, Takeshima Y, Yasui W. Clinicopathological significance of intelectin-1 in colorectal cancer: Intelectin-1 participates in tumor suppression and favorable progress. Pathol Int 2020; 70:943-952. [PMID: 33002285 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intelectin-1 (ITLN1) is an adipokine with an anti-inflammatory function that is involved in neoplastic diseases such as pleural mesothelioma and gastric and prostate cancers. However, the expression and function of ITLN1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unknown. To identify novel prognostic markers or therapeutic targets for CRC, we focused on ITLN1 protein. By immunohistochemistry, 87 (59%) of 148 CRC cases showed reduced expression of ITLN1. ITLN1-reduced CRC cases were associated with higher M grades (P = 0.0017) than ITLN1-retained CRC cases. Furthermore, the cases with ITLN1 retained expression tended toward a more favorable prognosis than those with reduced expression. Cell growth of the CRC cell lines transfected with ITLN1 siRNA were greater than those of the negative control cell lines transfected with siRNA. Levels of phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor, Erk and Akt were higher in the CRC cells transfected with ITLN1 siRNA than in control cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of human colorectal polyp specimens also revealed a sequential decrease in the expression of ITLN1 through both the conventional adenoma-carcinoma pathway and the serrated pathway. These results indicated that ITLN1 might play an important role in regulating colorectal tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narutaka Katsuya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Sentani
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Sekino
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Go Kobayashi
- Department of Pathology, Kure-Kyosai Hospital, Federation of National Public Service Personnel Mutual Aid Associations, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Babasaki
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Naohide Oue
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Vishwa Jeet Amatya
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukio Takeshima
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Wataru Yasui
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Johnson HE, Djabrayan NJV, Shvartsman SY, Toettcher JE. Optogenetic Rescue of a Patterning Mutant. Curr Biol 2020; 30:3414-3424.e3. [PMID: 32707057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.06.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Animal embryos are patterned by a handful of highly conserved inductive signals. Yet, in most cases, it is unknown which pattern features (i.e., spatial gradients or temporal dynamics) are required to support normal development. An ideal experiment to address this question would be to "paint" arbitrary synthetic signaling patterns on "blank canvas" embryos to dissect their requirements. Here, we demonstrate exactly this capability by combining optogenetic control of Ras/extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) signaling with the genetic loss of the receptor tyrosine-kinase-driven terminal signaling patterning in early Drosophila embryos. Blue-light illumination at the embryonic termini for 90 min was sufficient to rescue normal development, generating viable larvae and fertile adults from an otherwise lethal terminal signaling mutant. Optogenetic rescue was possible even using a simple, all-or-none light input that reduced the gradient of Erk activity and eliminated spatiotemporal differences in terminal gap gene expression. Systematically varying illumination parameters further revealed that at least three distinct developmental programs are triggered at different signaling thresholds and that the morphogenetic movements of gastrulation are robust to a 3-fold variation in the posterior pattern width. These results open the door to controlling tissue organization with simple optical stimuli, providing new tools to probe natural developmental processes, create synthetic tissues with defined organization, or directly correct the patterning errors that underlie developmental defects.
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Qiao X, Wang C, Wang W, Shang Y, Li Y, Ni J, Chen SZ. Levamisole enhances DR4-independent apoptosis induced by TRAIL through inhibiting the activation of JNK in lung cancer. Life Sci 2020; 257:118034. [PMID: 32621923 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
THE HEADINGS AIMS Levamisole has anti-parasite and antitumor activities, but the anti-lung cancer mechanism has not been studied. Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is regarded as a promising drug because of the ability to selectively target cancer cells. However, the tolerance of cancer cells to TRAIL limits its antitumor activity. Other drugs combined with TRAIL need to be explored to enhance its antitumor activity. Based on the adjuvant anticancer effect of levamisole on anticancer drugs activity, the antitumor activity of levamisole combined with TRAIL will be investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS In vitro and in vivo experiments were employed to investigate the anti-tumor activity. Flow-cytometry analysis, western blotting and siRNA transfection were used to explore the molecular mechanism. KEY FINDINGS Levamisole decreased the proliferation of lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo and induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase. Besides, levamisole also enhanced TRAIL-induced DR4-independent apoptosis by inhibiting the phosphorylation of cJUN. A new cellular protective pathway LC3B-DR4/Erk was also disclosed, in which levamisole only increased the expression of LC3B and then activated the phosphorylation of Erk and increased the expression of DR4, while p-Erk and DR4 inter-regulated. SIGNIFICANCE Levamisole may be used as an adjuvant of TRAIL in treating lung cancer. The discovery of LC3B-DR4/Erk as a new protective pathway provides a new direction for sensitizing lung cancer cells to TRAIL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Qiao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Wendie Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yue Shang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Jun Ni
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotehnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, China.
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Goglia AG, Wilson MZ, Jena SG, Silbert J, Basta LP, Devenport D, Toettcher JE. A Live-Cell Screen for Altered Erk Dynamics Reveals Principles of Proliferative Control. Cell Syst 2020; 10:240-253.e6. [PMID: 32191874 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Complex, time-varying responses have been observed widely in cell signaling, but how specific dynamics are generated or regulated is largely unknown. One major obstacle has been that high-throughput screens are typically incompatible with the live-cell assays used to monitor dynamics. Here, we address this challenge by screening a library of 429 kinase inhibitors and monitoring extracellular-regulated kinase (Erk) activity over 5 h in more than 80,000 single primary mouse keratinocytes. Our screen reveals both known and uncharacterized modulators of Erk dynamics, including inhibitors of non-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) that increase Erk pulse frequency and overall activity. Using drug treatment and direct optogenetic control, we demonstrate that drug-induced changes to Erk dynamics alter the conditions under which cells proliferate. Our work opens the door to high-throughput screens using live-cell biosensors and reveals that cell proliferation integrates information from Erk dynamics as well as additional permissive cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander G Goglia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Maxwell Z Wilson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Siddhartha G Jena
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Jillian Silbert
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Lena P Basta
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Danelle Devenport
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Jared E Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544.
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Hapil FZ, Çopuroğlu FE, Ertosun MG, Mert U, Özeş D, Özeş ON. Negative Regulation of TNFR1 Signaling Via PKA-Mediated Phosphorylation of TNFR1. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2020; 40:225-235. [PMID: 32159413 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) plays a paramount role in homeostasis by inducing tumor cytotoxicity and activating immune system. The signaling complexes formed by TNFR1 to activate JNK, p38, and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways and to subsequently induce apoptosis and necroptosis are well known. However, this "canonical TNF-α signaling" does not explain how ERK, AKT, and STAT3 can be activated by TNF-α. In addition, little to nothing is known about negative regulation of TNFR1 signaling. Because cyclic AMP-activated kinase (PKA) shows anti-TNF and anti-inflammatory activities, we postulated that PKA might affect TNF-α signaling by directly phosphorylating TNFR1. In line with this, we identified 2 putative PKA-phosphorylation motifs RRRT411 and REAT417 within the death domain of TNFR1, and investigated whether "canonical" and "noncanonical" TNFR1 signaling is regulated by modifications of T411 and T417. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that PKA directly binds to and phosphorylates TNFR1 after TNF-α stimulation. To further support our hypothesis, we generated alanine and phosphomimetic (aspartic acid) mutants of TNFR1 at positions T411 and T417, ectopically expressed these mutants, and determined their influence on TNF-α-induced activations of ERKs, AKT, STAT3, p38α, and JNK1/2. Our results clearly showed that phosphomimetic mutants significantly suppressed and alanine mutants augmented TNF-α-induced phosphorylations of ERKs, AKT, Stat3, p38α, and JNKs. These findings strongly suggest that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of T411 and T417 of TNFR1 interferes with both "canonical" and "noncanonical" TNF-α signaling. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Zehra Hapil
- Akdeniz University Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Antalya, Turkey.,Department of Basic and Translational Research, Izmir Biotechnology and Genome Center, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fatma Ece Çopuroğlu
- Akdeniz University Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Antalya, Turkey
| | | | - Ufuk Mert
- Akdeniz University Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Derya Özeş
- ALTAY Biopharma, San Bruno, California, USA
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Naim A, Baig MS. Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) regulates the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) through the ERK-mediated pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 467:107-116. [PMID: 32108279 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are known to play a key role in the progression of liver fibrosis by producing excessive extracellular matrix (ECM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) belong to a family of endopeptidases, which have a well-established role in the degradation of ECM. Our study suggests that, besides the degradation of the extracellular matrix, matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) has a non-canonical role in activating the quiescent HSCs to myofibroblasts by regulating the expression of Col1A1 and αSMA. We have identified that MMP-8 secreted from macrophages as a response to LPS stimulation activates HSCs via ERK1/2-dependent pathway. In addition to this, we determined that MMP-8 may regulate the homodimerization of c-Jun in LX-2 cells, during the trans-differentiation process from quiescent HSC to activate myofibroblasts. Macrophage-released MMP-8 plays a master role in activating the dormant HSCs to activate myofibroblasts through the Erk-mediated pathway and Jun cellular translocation leading to liver fibrosis. Significance MMP-8 can be used as a therapeutic target against liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Naim
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, 453552, India
| | - Mirza S Baig
- Discipline of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IITI), Simrol, Indore, 453552, India.
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Nandy D, Das S, Islam S, Ain R. Molecular regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switching by trophoblast cells at the maternal-fetal interface. Placenta 2020; 93:64-73. [PMID: 32250741 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Establishment of hemochorial placenta is associated with development and remodelling of uterine vasculature at the maternal fetal interface. This results in calibration of high resistance uterine arteries to flaccid low resistance vessels resulting in increased blood flow to the placenta and fetus in humans and rodents. Mechanisms underlying these remodelling events are poorly understood. In this report, we examine regulation of vascular remodelling using vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype switching as a primary parameter. METHODS Cellular dynamics was assessed by Immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR, western blotting in timed pregnant rat tissue. In vitro co-culture of trophoblast cells with vascular smooth muscle cells was used to understand regulation mechanism. RESULTS Analysis of cellular dynamics on days 13.5, 16.5 and 19.5 of gestation in the rat metrial gland, the entry point of uterine arteries, revealed that invasion of trophoblast cells preceded disappearance of VSMC α-SMA, a contractile state marker. Co-culture of VSMCs with trophoblast cells in vitro recapitulated trophoblast-induced de-differentiation of VSMCs in vivo. Interestingly, co-culturing with trophoblast cells activated PDGFRβ signalling in VSMCs, an effect mediated by secreted PDGF-BB from trophoblast cells. Trophoblast cells failed to elicit its effect on VSMC de-differentiation upon inhibition of PDGFRβ signalling using a selective inhibitor. Moreover, co-culturing with trophoblast cells also led to substantial increase in Akt activation and a modest increase in Erk phosphorylation in VSMCs and this effect was abolished by PDGFRβ inhibition. DISCUSSION Our results highlight that trophoblast cells direct VSMC phenotype switching and trophoblast derived PDGF-BB is one of the modulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdyuti Nandy
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Shreya Das
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Safirul Islam
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Rupasri Ain
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India; Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, 700032, West Bengal, India.
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Zanin JP, Montroull LE, Volosin M, Friedman WJ. The p75 Neurotrophin Receptor Facilitates TrkB Signaling and Function in Rat Hippocampal Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:485. [PMID: 31736712 PMCID: PMC6828739 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophins activate Trk receptor signaling to support neuronal survival and many aspects of neuronal function. Early studies demonstrated that TrkA formed a complex with the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), which increased the affinity and selectivity of NGF binding, however, whether interaction of p75NTR with other Trk receptors performs a similar function to enhance ligand binding has not been demonstrated. We investigated the interaction of TrkB with full length p75NTR in hippocampal neurons in response to BDNF and found that the association of these receptors occurs after ligand binding and requires phosphorylation of TrkB, indicating that formation of this receptor complex was not necessary for ligand binding. Moreover, the interaction of these receptors required internalization and localization to early endosomes. We found that association of TrkB with p75NTR was necessary for optimal downstream signaling of the PI3K-Akt pathway, but not the Erk pathway, in hippocampal neurons. The absence of p75NTR impaired the ability of BDNF to rescue hippocampal neurons in a trophic deprivation model, suggesting that p75NTR facilitates the ability of TrkB to activate specific pathways to promote neuronal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P Zanin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Laura E Montroull
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Marta Volosin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Wilma J Friedman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, United States
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Bongartz H, Gille K, Hessenkemper W, Mandel K, Lewitzky M, Feller SM, Schaper F. The multi-site docking protein Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) enhances interleukin-6-induced MAPK-pathway activation in an SHP2-, Grb2-, and time-dependent manner. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:135. [PMID: 31651330 PMCID: PMC6814103 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0451-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cytokine-dependent activation of signalling pathways is tightly orchestrated. The spatiotemporal activation of signalling pathways dictates the specific physiological responses to cytokines. Dysregulated signalling accounts for neoplastic, developmental, and inflammatory diseases. Grb2-associated binder (Gab) family proteins are multi-site docking proteins, which expand cytokine-induced signal transduction in a spatial- and time-dependent manner by coordinating the recruitment of proteins involved in mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) and phosphatidyl-inositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signalling. Interaction of Gab family proteins with these signalling proteins determines strength, duration and localization of active signalling cascades. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms of signal orchestration by Gab family proteins in IL-6-induced signalling are only scarcely understood. Methods We performed kinetic analyses of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-induced MAPK activation and analysed downstream responses. We compared signalling in wild-type cells, Gab1 knock-out cells, those reconstituted to express Gab1 mutants, and cells expressing gp130 receptors or receptor mutants. Results Interleukin-6-induced MAPK pathway activation can be sub-divided into an early Gab1-independent and a subsequent Gab1-dependent phase. Early Gab1-independent MAPK activation is critical for the subsequent initiation of Gab1-dependent amplification of MAPK pathway activation and requires binding of SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) to the interleukin-6 receptor complex. Subsequent and coordinated recruitment of Grb2 and SHP2 to Gab1 is essential for Gab1-dependent amplification of IL-6-induced late MAPK pathway activation and subsequent gene expression. Conclusions Overall, we elaborated the molecular requirements for Gab1-dependent, spatiotemporal orchestration of interleukin-6-dependent MAPK signalling. We discriminated IL-6-induced Gab1-independent, early activation of MAPK signalling and Gab1-dependent, sustained activation of MAPK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Bongartz
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 28/Pfälzer Platz, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Karen Gille
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 28/Pfälzer Platz, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hessenkemper
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 28/Pfälzer Platz, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Mandel
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Marc Lewitzky
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephan M Feller
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Charles Tanford Protein Research Center, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Straße 3a, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Fred Schaper
- Institute of Biology, Department of Systems Biology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Universitätsplatz 2, Gebäude 28/Pfälzer Platz, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Xin Y, Malick A, Hu M, Liu C, Batah H, Xu H, Duan C. Cell-autonomous regulation of epithelial cell quiescence by calcium channel Trpv6. eLife 2019; 8:48003. [PMID: 31526479 PMCID: PMC6764821 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial homeostasis and regeneration require a pool of quiescent cells. How the quiescent cells are established and maintained is poorly understood. Here, we report that Trpv6, a cation channel responsible for epithelial Ca2+ absorption, functions as a key regulator of cellular quiescence. Genetic deletion and pharmacological blockade of Trpv6 promoted zebrafish epithelial cells to exit from quiescence and re-enter the cell cycle. Reintroducing Trpv6, but not its channel dead mutant, restored the quiescent state. Ca2+ imaging showed that Trpv6 is constitutively open in vivo. Mechanistically, Trpv6-mediated Ca2+ influx maintained the quiescent state by suppressing insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-mediated Akt-Tor and Erk signaling. In zebrafish epithelia and human colon carcinoma cells, Trpv6/TRPV6 elevated intracellular Ca2+ levels and activated PP2A, which down-regulated IGF signaling and promoted the quiescent state. Our findings suggest that Trpv6 mediates constitutive Ca2+ influx into epithelial cells to continuously suppress growth factor signaling and maintain the quiescent state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xin
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Allison Malick
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Meiqin Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Chengdong Liu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Heya Batah
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Cunming Duan
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
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Mizoshiri N, Shirai T, Terauchi R, Tsuchida S, Mori Y, Hayashi D, Kishida T, Arai Y, Mazda O, Nakanishi T, Kubo T. The tetraspanin CD81 mediates the growth and metastases of human osteosarcoma. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2019; 42:861-71. [PMID: 31494861 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-019-00472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CD81 is a member of the tetraspanin family of membrane proteins. Recently, it has been shown that CD81 may be involved in cancer cell proliferation and metastasis. As yet, however, there have been few reports on the expression and role of CD81 in osteosarcoma. METHODS The expression of CD81 was investigated in human osteoblast cell line hFOB1.19 and in human osteosarcoma cell lines Saos2, MG63 and 143B. The expression of CD81 was inhibited in osteosarcoma cells using siRNA after which cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed. We also used Western blotting to investigate the phosphorylation status of Akt, Erk, JNK and p38, and measured the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MT1-MMP. In addition, we used a CRISPR/Cas9 system to stably knock out CD81 expression in 143B cells, transplanted the cells into mice, and assessed tumor formation and lung metastasis in these mice compared to those in the control group. RESULTS We found that CD81 was expressed in the human osteoblast cell line and in all osteosarcoma cell lines tested. The osteosarcoma cell line 143B exhibited a particularly high level of expression. In addition, we found that osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion were decreased after CD81 inhibition, and that the phosphorylation of Akt and Erk was suppressed. Also, the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and MT1-MMP were found to be suppressed, with MMP-9 showing the greatest suppression. In vivo, we found that mice transplanted with CD81 knockout 143B cells exhibited significantly less tumor formation and lung metastasis than mice in the control group. CONCLUSION Based on our findings we conclude that inhibition of CD81 suppresses intracellular signaling and reduces tumorigenesis and lung metastasis in osteosarcoma cells.
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Kim SM, Kim EM, Ji KY, Lee HY, Yee SM, Woo SM, Yi JW, Yun CH, Choi H, Kang HS. TREM2 Acts as a Tumor Suppressor in Colorectal Carcinoma through Wnt1/ β-catenin and Erk Signaling. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091315. [PMID: 31489935 PMCID: PMC6770495 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells) is involved in the development of malignancies. However, the function of TREM2 in colorectal cancer has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we investigated TREM2 function for the first time in colorectal epithelial cancer cells and demonstrated that TREM2 is a novel tumor suppressor in colorectal carcinoma. Blockade of TREM2 significantly promoted the proliferation of HT29 colorectal carcinoma cells by regulating cell cycle-related factors, such as p53 phosphorylation and p21 and cyclin D1 protein levels. HT29 cell migration was also increased by TREM2 inhibition via MMP9 (matrix metalloproteinase 9) expression upregulation. Furthermore, we found that the tumor suppressor effects of TREM2 were associated with Wnt/β-catenin and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. Importantly, the effect of TREM2 in the suppression of tumor development was demonstrated by in vivo and in vitro assays, as well as in human colon cancer patient tissue arrays. Overall, our results identify TREM2 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Man Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Korea.
| | - Kon-Young Ji
- Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon 34054, Korea.
| | - Hwa-Youn Lee
- Medical Device Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 701-310, Korea.
| | - Su-Min Yee
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
| | - Su-Min Woo
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
| | - Ja-Woon Yi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
| | - Chul-Ho Yun
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
| | - Harim Choi
- Department of Nursing, Nambu University, Gwangju 506-706, Korea.
| | - Hyung-Sik Kang
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea.
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Johnson HE, Toettcher JE. Signaling Dynamics Control Cell Fate in the Early Drosophila Embryo. Dev Cell 2019; 48:361-370.e3. [PMID: 30753836 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Erk mitogen-activated protein kinase plays diverse roles in animal development. Its widespread reuse raises a conundrum: when a single kinase like Erk is activated, how does a developing cell know which fate to adopt? We combine optogenetic control with genetic perturbations to dissect Erk-dependent fates in the early Drosophila embryo. We find that Erk activity is sufficient to "posteriorize" 88% of the embryo, inducing gut endoderm-like gene expression and morphogenetic movements in all cells within this region. Gut endoderm fate adoption requires at least 1 h of signaling, whereas a 30-min Erk pulse specifies a distinct ectodermal cell type, intermediate neuroblasts. We find that the endoderm-ectoderm cell fate switch is controlled by the cumulative load of Erk activity, not the duration of a single pulse. The fly embryo thus harbors a classic example of dynamic control, where the temporal profile of Erk signaling selects between distinct physiological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heath E Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jared E Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
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