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Li X, Fang S. Preparation and property analysis of kaolin/melamine cyanurate/aluminum diethylphosphinate/recycled
PET
composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College Zhuzhou China
| | - Songgang Fang
- Hunan Chemical Vocational Technology College Zhuzhou China
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2
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Khalil Arjmandi S, Khademzadeh Yeganeh J, Zare Y, Rhee KY. Modeling of Electrical Conductivity for Polymer-Carbon Nanofiber Systems. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15197041. [PMID: 36234382 PMCID: PMC9571830 DOI: 10.3390/ma15197041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is not a simple model for predicting the electrical conductivity of carbon nanofiber (CNF)-polymer composites. In this manuscript, a model is proposed to predict the conductivity of CNF-filled composites. The developed model assumes the roles of CNF volume fraction, CNF dimensions, percolation onset, interphase thickness, CNF waviness, tunneling length among nanoparticles, and the fraction of the networked CNF. The outputs of the developed model correctly agree with the experimentally measured conductivity of several samples. Additionally, parametric analyses confirm the acceptable impacts of main factors on the conductivity of composites. A higher conductivity is achieved by smaller waviness and lower radius of CNFs, lower percolation onset, less tunnel distance, and higher levels of interphase depth and fraction of percolated CNFs in the nanocomposite. The maximum conductivity is obtained at 2.37 S/m by the highest volume fraction and length of CNFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Khalil Arjmandi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Qom University of Technology, Qom 371951519, Iran
| | - Jafar Khademzadeh Yeganeh
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Qom University of Technology, Qom 371951519, Iran
| | - Yasser Zare
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Breast Cancer Research Center, Department of Interdisciplinary Technologies, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran 1125342432, Iran
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering (BK21 Four), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
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3
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Wzgarda-Raj K, Rybarczyk-Pirek A, Wojtulewski S, Palusiak M. Novel melamine – salicylic salt solvates and co-crystals; an analysis of the energetic parameters of the intermolecular hydrogen bonds stabilizing the crystal structure. CrystEngComm 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ce00684g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two novel crystal structures based on melamine and salicylic acid, with either water (I) (4:3:8 molecular ratio) or ethanol (II) (2:2:1 molecular ratio), can be treated as salt solvates. In...
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4
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Qiu S, Zhou Y, Xing W, Ren X, Zou B, Hu Y. Conceptually Novel Few-Layer Black Phosphorus/Supramolecular Coalition: Noncovalent Functionalization Toward Fire Safety Enhancement. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuilai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Weiyi Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Xiyun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P.R. China
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5
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Janczak J. Supramolecular solid-state architecture formed by co-crystallization of melamine and phenylacetic acid. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.127833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Zheng G, Boor BE, Schreder E, Salamova A. Exposure to melamine and its derivatives in childcare facilities. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 244:125505. [PMID: 32050329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Melamine (MEL) and its derivatives are widely used in many consumer products, including furniture, kitchenware, and plastics. However, very limited knowledge exists on human exposure to MEL and its derivatives, especially in the indoor environment. Here, we determined the occurrence and distribution of 11 MEL derivatives in childcare facilities and estimated children's exposure through dust ingestion and dermal absorption. We analyzed dust and samples of nap mats, a commonly used item in many childcares, from eight facilities located in the United States. Eight MEL-based compounds were detected in dust, and total MEL concentrations ranged from 429 to 117,000 ng/g. The most abundant compounds found in the dust samples were MEL, cyanuric acid (CYA), ammeline (AMN), and ammelide (AMD), with median concentrations of 1620, 585, 1060, and 299 ng/g, respectively. MEL, CYA, AMN and 2,4,6-tris[bis(methoxymethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazine (TBMMAT) were also detected in nap mats with median concentrations of 45.6, 19.8, 1510 and 2.5 ng/g, respectively. ΣMEL concentrations in mat covers (median 709 ng/g) were significantly higher than those in mat foam (median 15.1 ng/g). Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of MEL and its derivatives via dust ingestion were two orders of magnitude higher than the EDIs through dermal absorption, but both were below the established tolerable daily intake levels. This is the first report on exposure to MEL and its derivatives in the childcare environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomao Zheng
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Brandon E Boor
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Ray W. Herrick Laboratories, Center for High Performance Buildings, Purdue University, 177 South Russell Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Erika Schreder
- Toxic Free Future, 4649, Sunnyside Ave N., Suite 540, Seattle, WA, 98103, USA
| | - Amina Salamova
- O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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7
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Turski Silva Diniz A, Huth C, Schartel B. Dripping and decomposition under fire: Melamine cyanurate vs. glass fibres in polyamide 6. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2019.109048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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8
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Benelli T, Mazzocchetti L, D'Angelo E, Lanzi M, Saraga F, Sambri L, Franchini MC, Giorgini L. New nitrogen-rich heterocycles for organo-modified bentonites as flame retardant fillers in epoxy resin nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Benelli
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 Bologna 40136 Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology; CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 2 Bologna 40136 Italy
| | - Laura Mazzocchetti
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 Bologna 40136 Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology; CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 2 Bologna 40136 Italy
| | - Emanuele D'Angelo
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 Bologna 40136 Italy
| | - Massimiliano Lanzi
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 Bologna 40136 Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology; CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 2 Bologna 40136 Italy
| | - Federico Saraga
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology; CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 2 Bologna 40136 Italy
| | - Letizia Sambri
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 Bologna 40136 Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology; CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 2 Bologna 40136 Italy
| | - Mauro Comes Franchini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 Bologna 40136 Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology; CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 2 Bologna 40136 Italy
| | - Loris Giorgini
- Department of Industrial Chemistry “Toso Montanari”; University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 4 Bologna 40136 Italy
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research on Advanced Applications in Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology; CIRI-MAM, University of Bologna; Viale Risorgimento 2 Bologna 40136 Italy
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9
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Cai J, Wirasaputra A, Zhu Y, Liu S, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Zhao J. The flame retardancy and rheological properties of PA6/MCA modified by DOPO-based chain extender. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra28293h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Addition of DOPO-based chain extender (DEP) simultaneously enhanced the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PA6/MCA through chain extension and coaction in flame-retarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Alvianto Wirasaputra
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Yaming Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Shumei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Yubin Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Chunhua Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
| | - Jianqing Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R. China
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10
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Jin X, Chen C, Sun J, Zhang X, Gu X, Zhang S. The synergism between melamine and expandable graphite on improving the flame retardancy of polyamide 11. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008316628965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Expandable graphite (EG) has attracted more and more attention in fire science society due to its excellent char-forming ability, however, it cannot meet commercial flame-retardant requirements because of the low intensity of the char. This work reported our very recent efforts on improving the char quality of EG by introducing melamine (MEL) in order to enhance the fire resistance and thermal stability of polyamide 11 (PA 11) composite. The flammability characterized by limiting oxygen index, UL-94 vertical burning, and cone calorimeter (cone) tests shows that the presence of both EG and MEL can significantly improve the flame retardancy and thermal stability of PA 11 composites. The scanning electron microscopic analysis shows that EG and MEL are beneficial to form compact char layers that can isolate the matrix from heat and oxygen. It is proposed that the formation of hydrogen bonds between MEL and PA 11 are crucial for improving the flame retardancy of the composites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Rovina K, Siddiquee S. Electrochemical sensor based rapid determination of melamine using ionic liquid/zinc oxide nanoparticles/chitosan/gold electrode. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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12
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Joseph P, Tretsiakova-McNally S. Melt-Flow Behaviours of Thermoplastic Materials under Fire Conditions: Recent Experimental Studies and Some Theoretical Approaches. MATERIALS 2015; 8:8793-8803. [PMID: 28793746 PMCID: PMC5458815 DOI: 10.3390/ma8125492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric materials often exhibit complex combustion behaviours encompassing several stages and involving solid phase, gas phase and interphase. A wide range of qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative testing techniques are currently available, both at the laboratory scale and for commercial purposes, for evaluating the decomposition and combustion behaviours of polymeric materials. They include, but are not limited to, techniques such as: thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), oxygen bomb calorimetry, limiting oxygen index measurements (LOI), Underwriters Laboratory 94 (UL-94) tests, cone calorimetry, etc. However, none of the above mentioned techniques are capable of quantitatively deciphering the underpinning physiochemical processes leading to the melt flow behaviour of thermoplastics. Melt-flow of polymeric materials can constitute a serious secondary hazard in fire scenarios, for example, if they are present as component parts of a ceiling in an enclosure. In recent years, more quantitative attempts to measure the mass loss and melt-drip behaviour of some commercially important chain- and step-growth polymers have been accomplished. The present article focuses, primarily, on the experimental and some theoretical aspects of melt-flow behaviours of thermoplastics under heat/fire conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Joseph
- Centre for Environmental Safety and Risk Engineering, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001, Australia.
| | - Svetlana Tretsiakova-McNally
- The Built Environment Research Institute, School of the Built Environment, Ulster University, Newtownabbey BT37 0QB, UK.
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14
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Influence of Flame Retardants on the Melt Dripping Behaviour of Thermoplastic Polymers. MATERIALS 2015; 8:5621-5646. [PMID: 28793527 PMCID: PMC5512619 DOI: 10.3390/ma8095267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Melt flow and dripping of the pyrolysing polymer melt can be both a benefit and a detriment during a fire. In several small-scale fire tests addressing the ignition of a defined specimen with a small ignition source, well-adjusted melt flow and dripping are usually beneficial to pass the test. The presence of flame retardants often changes the melt viscosity crucially. The influence of certain flame retardants on the dripping behaviour of four commercial polymers, poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT), polypropylene (PP), polypropylene modified with ethylene-propylene rubber (PP-EP) and polyamide 6 (PA 6), is analysed based on an experimental monitoring of the mass loss due to melt dripping, drop size and drop temperature as a function of the furnace temperature applied to a rod-shaped specimen. Investigating the thermal transition (DSC), thermal and thermo-oxidative decomposition, as well as the viscosity of the polymer and collected drops completes the investigation. Different mechanisms of the flame retardants are associated with their influence on the dripping behaviour in the UL 94 test. Reduction in decomposition temperature and changed viscosity play a major role. A flow limit in flame-retarded PBT, enhanced decomposition of flame-retarded PP and PP-EP and the promotion of dripping in PA 6 are the salient features discussed.
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15
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Norouzi M, Zare Y, Kiany P. Nanoparticles as Effective Flame Retardants for Natural and Synthetic Textile Polymers: Application, Mechanism, and Optimization. POLYM REV 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2014.980427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Di HW, Deng C, Li RM, Dong LP, Wang YZ. A novel EVA composite with simultaneous flame retardation and ceramifiable capacity. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra05781g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) filled with glass dust (GD), glass fiber (GF), OMMT, and melamine cyanurate (MCA) was developed as a ceramifiable flame-retardant polymer composite for cables and insulated wires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Wei Di
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)
- Analytical and Testing Center
| | - Cong Deng
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)
- Analytical and Testing Center
| | - Rui-Min Li
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)
- Analytical and Testing Center
| | - Liang-Ping Dong
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)
- Analytical and Testing Center
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Center for Degradable and Flame-Retardant Polymeric Materials
- College of Chemistry
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan)
- Analytical and Testing Center
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17
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18
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Kandola B, Ndiaye M, Price D. Quantification of polymer degradation during melt dripping of thermoplastic polymers. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Zhu H, Li J, Zhu Y, Chen S. Roles of organic intercalation agent with flame retardant groups in montmorillonite (MMT) in properties of polypropylene composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongfang Zhu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 China
| | - Juan Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 China
| | - Yingke Zhu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 China
| | - Shengjiao Chen
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials; Ningbo Institute of Material Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 China
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20
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Zhang RC, Hong SM, Koo CM. Flame retardancy and mechanical properties of polyamide 6 with melamine polyphosphate and ionic liquid surfactant-treated montmorillonite. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.40648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ri-Chao Zhang
- Center for Materials Architecturing; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Man Hong
- Center for Materials Architecturing; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology; 176 Gajung-dong, 217 Gajungro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-350 Republic of Korea
| | - Chong Min Koo
- Center for Materials Architecturing; Korea Institute of Science and Technology; Hwarangno 14-gil 5 Seongbuk-gu Seoul 136-791 Republic of Korea
- Nanomaterials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology; 176 Gajung-dong, 217 Gajungro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 305-350 Republic of Korea
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21
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Lorenzetti A, Besco S, Hrelja D, Roso M, Gallo E, Schartel B, Modesti M. Phosphinates and layered silicates in charring polymers: The flame retardancy action in polyurethane foams. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Abstract
Melamine cyanurate, an organic crystalline complex was, synthesized by evaporation of an aqueous solution containing equimolar quantities of melamine and cyanuric acid. The synthesized compound has been subjected to various characterizations like Powder XRD, FT-IR, TG-DTG, SEM, and SHG. The presence of sharp diffraction peaks in the XRD confirms that the products are highly crystalline. The average particle size was calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula, and it was found to be 3.067 μm. Thermal behavior of the grown crystal has been studied by TG-DTG analysis. From TG-DTG, it is found that the title crystal possesses good thermal stability. The activation energy was calculated using the Broido, Coats-Redfern, and Horowitz-Metzger methods. A sharp peak exothermic peak at 405.40°C was assigned as the melting point of the title material. SEM reveals the morphology of the synthesized salt. No detectable signal was observed during the Kurtz-Perry technique.
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Kandola B, Price D, Milnes G, Da Silva A. Development of a novel experimental technique for quantitative study of melt dripping of themoplastic polymers. Polym Degrad Stab 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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24
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Kiliaris P, Papaspyrides C, Xalter R, Pfaendner R. Study on the properties of polyamide 6 blended with melamine polyphosphate and layered silicates. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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25
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Kandola BK, Price D, Milnes GJ, Da Silva A, Gao F, Nigmatullin R. Characterization of Melt Dripping Behavior of Flame Retarded Polypropylene Nanocomposites. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1118.ch021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. K. Kandola
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, U.K
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - D. Price
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, U.K
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - G. J. Milnes
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, U.K
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - A. Da Silva
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, U.K
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - F. Gao
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, U.K
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
| | - R. Nigmatullin
- Institute for Materials Research and Innovation, University of Bolton, Bolton, BL3 5AB, U.K
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, U.K
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26
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Isitman NA, Melike Sipahioglu B, Kaynak C. Nanomorphology and fire behavior of polystyrene/organoclay nanocomposites containing brominated epoxy and antimony oxide. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nihat Ali Isitman
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering; Middle East Technical University; Ankara TR-06531 Turkey
| | - B. Melike Sipahioglu
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering; Middle East Technical University; Ankara TR-06531 Turkey
| | - Cevdet Kaynak
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering; Middle East Technical University; Ankara TR-06531 Turkey
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Li X, Luo P, Tang S, Beier RC, Wu X, Yang L, Li Y, Xiao X. Development of an immunochromatographic strip test for rapid detection of melamine in raw milk, milk products and animal feed. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6064-6070. [PMID: 21548621 DOI: 10.1021/jf2008327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A simple, rapid and sensitive immunogold chromatographic strip test based on a monoclonal antibody was developed for the detection of melamine (MEL) residues in raw milk, milk products and animal feed. The limit of detection was estimated to be 0.05 μg/mL in raw milk, since the detection test line on the strip test completely disappeared at this concentration. The limit of detection was 2 μg/mL (or 2 μg/g) for milk drinks, yogurt, condensed milk, cheese, and animal feed and 1 μg/g for milk powder. Sample pretreatment was simple and rapid, and the results can be obtained within 3-10 min. A parallel analysis of MEL in 52 blind raw milk samples conducted by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed comparable results to those obtained from the strip test. The results demonstrate that the developed method is suitable for the onsite determination of MEL residues in a large number of samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangmei Li
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Sheng F, Tang XZ, Zhang S, Ding X, Yu ZZ, Qiu Z. Flame retardancy of polyamide 66 nanocomposites with thermally stable organoclay. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lewin M, Zhang J, Pearce E, Zammarano M. Polyamide 6 treated with pentabromobenzyl acrylate and layered silicates. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fang K, Li J, Ke C, Zhu Q, Tao K, Zhu J, Yan Q. Intumescent flame retardation of melamine-modified montmorillonite on polyamide 6: Enhancement of condense phase and flame retardance. POLYM ENG SCI 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Isitman NA, Kaynak C. Nanoclay and carbon nanotubes as potential synergists of an organophosphorus flame-retardant in poly(methyl methacrylate). Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Yang W, Kan Y, Song L, Hu Y, Lu H, Yuen RKK. Effect of organo-modified montmorillonite on flame retardant poly(1,4-butylene terephthalate) composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ke C, Li J, Fang K, Zhu Q, Zhu J, Yan Q. Enhancement of a hyperbranched charring and foaming agent on flame retardancy of polyamide 6. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Supercritical CO2 as an efficient medium for layered silicate organomodification: Preparation of thermally stable organoclays and dispersion in polyamide 6. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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