1
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Wilkerson JL, Tatum SM, Holland WL, Summers SA. Ceramides are fuel gauges on the drive to cardiometabolic disease. Physiol Rev 2024; 104:1061-1119. [PMID: 38300524 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00008.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Ceramides are signals of fatty acid excess that accumulate when a cell's energetic needs have been met and its nutrient storage has reached capacity. As these sphingolipids accrue, they alter the metabolism and survival of cells throughout the body including in the heart, liver, blood vessels, skeletal muscle, brain, and kidney. These ceramide actions elicit the tissue dysfunction that underlies cardiometabolic diseases such as diabetes, coronary artery disease, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis, and heart failure. Here, we review the biosynthesis and degradation pathways that maintain ceramide levels in normal physiology and discuss how the loss of ceramide homeostasis drives cardiometabolic pathologies. We highlight signaling nodes that sense small changes in ceramides and in turn reprogram cellular metabolism and stimulate apoptosis. Finally, we evaluate the emerging therapeutic utility of these unique lipids as biomarkers that forecast disease risk and as targets of ceramide-lowering interventions that ameliorate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph L Wilkerson
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Sean M Tatum
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - William L Holland
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Scott A Summers
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
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2
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Riley N, Kasza I, Barrett-Wilt G, Michaud J, Jain R, Trautman ME, Simcox JA, Yen CLE, MacDougald OA, Lamming DW, Alexander CM. Dietary lipid is largely deposited in skin and rapidly affects insulating properties. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3957002. [PMID: 38464106 PMCID: PMC10925457 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3957002/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Skin has been shown to be a regulatory hub for energy expenditure and metabolism: mutations of skin lipid metabolism enzymes can change the rate of thermogenesis and susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. However, little is known about the physiological basis for this function. Here we show that the thermal properties of skin are highly reactive to diet: within three days, a high fat diet reduces heat transfer through skin. In contrast, a dietary manipulation that prevents obesity accelerates energy loss through skins. We found that skin was the largest target in a mouse body for dietary fat delivery, and that fat was assimilated both by epidermis and by dermal white adipose tissue. Dietary triglyceride acyl groups persist in skin for weeks after feeding. Using multi-modal lipid profiling, we have implicated both keratinocytes and sebocytes in the altered lipids which correlate with thermal function. In response to high fat feeding, wax diesters and ceramides accumulate, and triglycerides become more saturated. In contrast, in response to the dramatic loss of adipose tissue that accompanies restriction of the branched chain amino acid isoleucine, skin becomes highly heat-permeable: skins shows limited uptake of dietary lipids and editing of wax esters, and acquires a signature of depleted signaling lipids, which include the acyl carnitines and lipid ethers. We propose that skin should be routinely included in physiological studies of lipid metabolism, given the size of the skin lipid reservoir and its adaptable functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Riley
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Ildiko Kasza
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Julian Michaud
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Raghav Jain
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Michaela E Trautman
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison
| | - Judith A Simcox
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Chi-Liang E Yen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Dudley W Lamming
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison
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3
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Zou JX, Chua W, Ser Z, Wang SM, Chiang GSH, Sanmugam K, Tan BY, Sobota RM, Li H. Detection of Bacterial Neutral Ceramidase in Diabetic Foot Ulcers with an Optimized Substrate and Chemoenzymatic Probes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307553. [PMID: 37340712 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Ceramidases (CDases) are important in controlling skin barrier integrity by regulating ceramide composition and affording downstream signal molecules. While the functions of epidermal CDases are known, roles of neutral CDases secreted by skin-residing microbes are undefined. Here, we developed a one-step fluorogenic substrate, S-B, for specific detection of bacterial CDase activity and inhibitor screening. We identified a non-hydrolyzable substrate mimic, C6, as the best hit. Based on C6, we designed a photoaffinity probe, JX-1, which efficiently detects bacterial CDases. Using JX-1, we identified endogenous low-abundance PaCDase in a P. aeruginosa monoculture and in a mixed skin bacteria culture. Harnessing both S-B and JX-1, we found that CDase activity positively correlates with the relative abundance of P. aeruginosa and is negatively associated with wound area reduction in clinical diabetic foot ulcer patient samples. Overall, our study demonstrates that bacterial CDases are important regulators of skin ceramides and potentially play a role in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Xia Zou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wisely Chua
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Zheng Ser
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Shi Mei Wang
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | | | | | | | - Radoslaw M Sobota
- Functional Proteomics Laboratory, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
- Molecular Engineering Lab, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673, Singapore
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4
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McGeoghan F, Camera E, Maiellaro M, Menon M, Huang M, Dewan P, Ziaj S, Caley MP, Donaldson M, Enright AJ, O’Toole EA. RNA sequencing and lipidomics uncovers novel pathomechanisms in recessive X-linked ichthyosis. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1176802. [PMID: 37363400 PMCID: PMC10285781 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1176802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive X-linked ichthyosis (RXLI), a genetic disorder caused by deletion or point mutations of the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene, is the second most common form of ichthyosis. It is a disorder of keratinocyte cholesterol sulfate retention and the mechanism of extracutaneous phenotypes such as corneal opacities and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are poorly understood. To understand the pathomechanisms of RXLI, the transcriptome of differentiated primary keratinocytes with STS knockdown was sequenced. The results were validated in a stable knockdown model of STS, to confirm STS specificity, and in RXLI skin. The results show that there was significantly reduced expression of genes related to epidermal differentiation and lipid metabolism, including ceramide and sphingolipid synthesis. In addition, there was significant downregulation of aldehyde dehydrogenase family members and the oxytocin receptor which have been linked to corneal transparency and behavioural disorders respectively, both of which are extracutaneous phenotypes of RXLI. These data provide a greater understanding of the causative mechanisms of RXLI's cutaneous phenotype, and show that the keratinocyte transcriptome and lipidomics can give novel insights into the phenotype of patients with RXLI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farrell McGeoghan
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuela Camera
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Maiellaro
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Physiopathology, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute-IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manasi Menon
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mei Huang
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Dewan
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stela Ziaj
- Department of Dermatology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P. Caley
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anton J. Enright
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edel A. O’Toole
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Janneh AH, Ogretmen B. Targeting Sphingolipid Metabolism as a Therapeutic Strategy in Cancer Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2183. [PMID: 35565311 PMCID: PMC9104917 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are bioactive molecules that have key roles in regulating tumor cell death and survival through, in part, the functional roles of ceramide accumulation and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) production, respectively. Mechanistic studies using cell lines, mouse models, or human tumors have revealed crucial roles of sphingolipid metabolic signaling in regulating tumor progression in response to anticancer therapy. Specifically, studies to understand ceramide and S1P production pathways with their downstream targets have provided novel therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment. In this review, we present recent evidence of the critical roles of sphingolipids and their metabolic enzymes in regulating tumor progression via mechanisms involving cell death or survival. The roles of S1P in enabling tumor growth/metastasis and conferring cancer resistance to existing therapeutics are also highlighted. Additionally, using the publicly available transcriptomic database, we assess the prognostic values of key sphingolipid enzymes on the overall survival of patients with different malignancies and present studies that highlight their clinical implications for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Hollings Cancer Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA;
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6
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Simoes M, Saleh A, Choi YM, Airola MV, Haley JD, Coant N. Measurement of neutral ceramidase activity in vitro and in vivo. Anal Biochem 2022; 643:114577. [PMID: 35134389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Neutral ceramidase is a hydrolase of ceramide that has been implicated in multiple biologic processes, including inflammation and oncogenesis. Ceramides and other sphingolipids, belong to a family of N-acyl linked lipids that are biologically active in signaling, despite their limited structural functions. Ceramides are generally pro-apoptotic, while sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) exert proliferative and pro-oncogenic effects. Ceramidases are important regulators of ceramide levels that hydrolyze ceramide to sphingosine. Thus, ceramidase inhibition significantly increases the quantities of ceramide and its associated signaling. To better understand the function of ceramide, biochemical and cellular assays for enzymatic activity were developed and validated to identify inhibitors of human neutral ceramidase (nCDase). Here we review the measurement of nCDase activity both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Simoes
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Amalia Saleh
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Yong-Mi Choi
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Michael V Airola
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - John D Haley
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Nicolas Coant
- Department of Pathology and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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7
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Vietri Rudan M, Watt FM. Mammalian Epidermis: A Compendium of Lipid Functionality. Front Physiol 2022; 12:804824. [PMID: 35095565 PMCID: PMC8791442 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.804824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian epidermis is a striking example of the role of lipids in tissue biology. In this stratified epithelium, highly specialized structures are formed that leverage the hydrophobic properties of lipids to form an impermeable barrier and protect the humid internal environment of the body from the dry outside. This is achieved through tightly regulated lipid synthesis that generates the molecular species unique to the tissue. Beyond their fundamental structural role, lipids are involved in the active protection of the body from external insults. Lipid species present on the surface of the body possess antimicrobial activity and directly contribute to shaping the commensal microbiota. Lipids belonging to a variety of classes are also involved in the signaling events that modulate the immune responses to environmental stress as well as differentiation of the epidermal keratinocytes themselves. Recently, high-resolution methods are beginning to provide evidence for the involvement of newly identified specific lipid molecules in the regulation of epidermal homeostasis. In this review we give an overview of the wide range of biological functions of mammalian epidermal lipids.
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8
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Zhang MJ, Shi XX, Wang N, Zhang C, Zhang C, Quais MK, Ali SA, Zhou W, Mao C, Zhu ZR. Transcriptional changes revealed genes and pathways involved in the deficient testis caused by the inhibition of alkaline ceramidase (Dacer) in Drosophila melanogaster. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 106:e21765. [PMID: 33590535 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are ubiquitous structural components of eukaryotic cell membranes which are vital for maintaining the integrity of cells. Alkaline ceramidase is a key enzyme in sphingolipid biosynthesis pathway; however, little is known about the role of the enzyme in the male reproductive system of Drosophila melanogaster. To investigate the impact of alkaline ceramidase (Dacer) on male Drosophila, we got Dacer deficiency mutants (MUs) and found they displayed apparent defects in the testis's phenotype. To profile the molecular changes associated with this abnormal phenotype, we performed de novo transcriptome analyses of the MU and wildtype (WT) testes; and revealed 1239 upregulated genes and 1102 downregulated genes. Then, six upregulated DEGs (papilin [Ppn], croquemort [Crq], terribly reduced optic lobes [Trol], Laminin, Wunen-2, collagen type IV alpha 1 [Cg25C]) and three downregulated DEGs (mucin related 18B [Mur18B], rhomboid-7 [Rho-7], CG3168) were confirmed through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction in WT and MU samples. The differentially expressed genes were mainly associated with catalytic activity, oxidoreductase activity and transmembrane transporter activity, which significantly contributed to extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, fatty acids biosynthesis as well as glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism. The results highlight the importance of Dacer in the reproductive system of D. melanogaster and provide valuable resources to dig out the specific biological functions of Dacer in insect reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ni Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chunhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Md Khairul Quais
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Soomro Abid Ali
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenwu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Cungui Mao
- State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Zeng-Rong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, MOA Key Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology, Institute of Insect Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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9
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Lee SA, Li KN, Tumbar T. Stem cell-intrinsic mechanisms regulating adult hair follicle homeostasis. Exp Dermatol 2020; 30:430-447. [PMID: 33278851 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adult hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) undergo dynamic and periodic molecular changes in their cellular states throughout the hair homeostatic cycle. These states are tightly regulated by cell-intrinsic mechanisms and by extrinsic signals from the microenvironment. HFSCs are essential not only for fuelling hair growth, but also for skin wound healing. Increasing evidence suggests an important role of HFSCs in organizing multiple skin components around the hair follicle, thus functioning as an organizing centre during adult skin homeostasis. Here, we focus on recent findings on cell-intrinsic mechanisms of HFSC homeostasis, which include transcription factors, histone modifications, DNA regulatory elements, non-coding RNAs, cell metabolism, cell polarity and post-transcriptional mRNA processing. Several transcription factors are now known to participate in well-known signalling pathways that control hair follicle homeostasis, as well as in super-enhancer activities to modulate HFSC and progenitor lineage progression. Interestingly, HFSCs have been shown to secrete molecules that are important in guiding the organization of several skin components around the hair follicle, including nerves, arrector pili muscle and vasculature. Finally, we discuss recent technological advances in the field such as single-cell RNA sequencing and live imaging, which revealed HFSC and progenitor heterogeneity and brought new light to understanding crosstalking between HFSCs and the microenvironment. The field is well on its way to generate a comprehensive map of molecular interactions that should serve as a solid theoretical platform for application in hair and skin disease and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon A Lee
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Kefei Nina Li
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Tudorita Tumbar
- Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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10
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Epidermal Acyl-CoA-binding protein is indispensable for systemic energy homeostasis. Mol Metab 2020; 44:101144. [PMID: 33346070 PMCID: PMC7797911 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The skin is the largest sensory organ of the human body and plays a fundamental role in regulating body temperature. However, adaptive alterations in skin functions and morphology have only vaguely been associated with physiological responses to cold stress or sensation of ambient temperatures. We previously found that loss of acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) in keratinocytes upregulates lipolysis in white adipose tissue and alters hepatic lipid metabolism, suggesting a link between epidermal barrier functions and systemic energy metabolism. METHODS To assess the physiological responses to loss of ACBP in keratinocytes in detail, we used full-body ACBP-/- and skin-specific ACBP-/- knockout mice to clarify how loss of ACBP affects 1) energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry, 2) response to high-fat feeding and a high oral glucose load, and 3) expression of brown-selective gene programs by quantitative PCR in inguinal WAT (iWAT). To further elucidate the role of the epidermal barrier in systemic energy metabolism, we included mice with defects in skin structural proteins (ma/ma Flgft/ft) in these studies. RESULTS We show that the ACBP-/- mice and skin-specific ACBP-/- knockout mice exhibited increased energy expenditure, increased food intake, browning of the iWAT, and resistance to diet-induced obesity. The metabolic phenotype, including browning of the iWAT, was reversed by housing the mice at thermoneutrality (30 °C) or pharmacological β-adrenergic blocking. Interestingly, these findings were phenocopied in flaky tail mice (ma/ma Flgft/ft). Taken together, we demonstrate that a compromised epidermal barrier induces a β-adrenergic response that increases energy expenditure and browning of the white adipose tissue to maintain a normal body temperature. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that the epidermal barrier plays a key role in maintaining systemic metabolic homeostasis. Thus, regulation of epidermal barrier functions warrants further attention to understand the regulation of systemic metabolism in further detail.
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11
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Caputo S, Di Martino S, Cilibrasi V, Tardia P, Mazzonna M, Russo D, Penna I, Summa M, Bertozzi SM, Realini N, Margaroli N, Migliore M, Ottonello G, Liu M, Lansbury P, Armirotti A, Bertorelli R, Ray SS, Skerlj R, Scarpelli R. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of a Series of Oxazolone Carboxamides as a Novel Class of Acid Ceramidase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:15821-15851. [PMID: 33290061 PMCID: PMC7770833 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Acid
ceramidase (AC) is a cysteine hydrolase that plays a crucial
role in the metabolism of lysosomal ceramides, important members of
the sphingolipid family, a diversified class of bioactive molecules
that mediate many biological processes ranging from cell structural
integrity, signaling, and cell proliferation to cell death. In the
effort to expand the structural diversity of the existing collection
of AC inhibitors, a novel class of substituted oxazol-2-one-3-carboxamides
were designed and synthesized. Herein, we present the chemical optimization
of our initial hits, 2-oxo-4-phenyl-N-(4-phenylbutyl)oxazole-3-carboxamide 8a and 2-oxo-5-phenyl-N-(4-phenylbutyl)oxazole-3-carboxamide 12a, which resulted in the identification of 5-[4-fluoro-2-(1-methyl-4-piperidyl)phenyl]-2-oxo-N-pentyl-oxazole-3-carboxamide 32b as a potent
AC inhibitor with optimal physicochemical and metabolic properties,
showing target engagement in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and
a desirable pharmacokinetic profile in mice, following intravenous
and oral administration. 32b enriches the arsenal of
promising lead compounds that may therefore act as useful pharmacological
tools for investigating the potential therapeutic effects of AC inhibition
in relevant sphingolipid-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Caputo
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Drug Discovery and Development (D3)-Validation, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Simona Di Martino
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Drug Discovery and Development (D3)-Validation, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cilibrasi
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Drug Discovery and Development (D3)-Validation, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Piero Tardia
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Drug Discovery and Development (D3)-Validation, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Mazzonna
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Drug Discovery and Development (D3)-Validation, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Debora Russo
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,D3-Pharma Chemistry, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Penna
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,D3-Pharma Chemistry, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Maria Summa
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Analytical Chemistry and Translational Pharmacology, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Sine Mandrup Bertozzi
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Analytical Chemistry and Translational Pharmacology, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Natalia Realini
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Drug Discovery and Development (D3)-Validation, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Natasha Margaroli
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Drug Discovery and Development (D3)-Validation, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marco Migliore
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Drug Discovery and Development (D3)-Validation, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Giuliana Ottonello
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Analytical Chemistry and Translational Pharmacology, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Min Liu
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., 19 Blackstone Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Peter Lansbury
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., 19 Blackstone Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Andrea Armirotti
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Analytical Chemistry and Translational Pharmacology, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Rosalia Bertorelli
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Analytical Chemistry and Translational Pharmacology, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Soumya S Ray
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., 19 Blackstone Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Renato Skerlj
- Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., 19 Blackstone Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Rita Scarpelli
- Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy.,Drug Discovery and Development (D3)-Validation, Via Morego 30, I-16163 Genova, Italy
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12
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Alkaline ceramidase family: The first two decades. Cell Signal 2020; 78:109860. [PMID: 33271224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ceramidases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ceramide, dihydroceramide, and phytoceramide into sphingosine (SPH), dihydrosphingosine (DHS), and phytosphingosine (PHS), respectively, along with a free fatty acid. Ceramidases are classified into the acid, neutral, and alkaline ceramidase subtypes according to the pH optima for their catalytic activity. YPC1 and YDC1 were the first alkaline ceramidase genes to be identified and cloned from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae two decades ago. Subsequently, alkaline ceramidase genes were identified from other species, including one Drosophila melanogaster ACER gene (Dacer), one Arabidopsis thaliana ACER gene (AtACER), three Mus musculus ACER genes (Acer1, Acer2, and Acer3), and three Homo sapiens ACER genes (ACER1, ACER2, and ACER3). The protein products of these genes constitute a large protein family, termed the alkaline ceramidase (ACER) family. All the biochemically characterized members of the ACER family are integral membrane proteins with seven transmembrane segments in the Golgi complex or endoplasmic reticulum, and they each have unique substrate specificity. An increasing number of studies suggest that the ACER family has diverse roles in regulating sphingolipid metabolism and biological processes. Here we discuss the discovery of the ACER family, the biochemical properties, structures, and catalytic mechanisms of its members, and its role in regulating sphingolipid metabolism and biological processes in yeast, insects, plants, and mammals.
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13
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Lee WJ, Sohng C, Kim JY, Park KD, Jang YH, Lee S. Effect of a sphingolipid‐mimetic compound on the promotion of hair growth: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 19:1715-1722. [DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weon Ju Lee
- Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Korea
| | - Chihyeon Sohng
- Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Korea
| | - Jun Young Kim
- Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Korea
| | - Kyung Duck Park
- Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jang
- Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Korea
| | - Seok‐Jong Lee
- Department of Dermatology School of Medicine Kyungpook National University Kyungpook National University Hospital Daegu Korea
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14
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Duarte C, Akkaoui J, Yamada C, Ho A, Mao C, Movila A. Elusive Roles of the Different Ceramidases in Human Health, Pathophysiology, and Tissue Regeneration. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061379. [PMID: 32498325 PMCID: PMC7349419 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramide and sphingosine are important interconvertible sphingolipid metabolites which govern various signaling pathways related to different aspects of cell survival and senescence. The conversion of ceramide into sphingosine is mediated by ceramidases. Altogether, five human ceramidases—named acid ceramidase, neutral ceramidase, alkaline ceramidase 1, alkaline ceramidase 2, and alkaline ceramidase 3—have been identified as having maximal activities in acidic, neutral, and alkaline environments, respectively. All five ceramidases have received increased attention for their implications in various diseases, including cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and Farber disease. Furthermore, the potential anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of ceramidases in host cells exposed to pathogenic bacteria and viruses have also been demonstrated. While ceramidases have been a subject of study in recent decades, our knowledge of their pathophysiology remains limited. Thus, this review provides a critical evaluation and interpretive analysis of existing literature on the role of acid, neutral, and alkaline ceramidases in relation to human health and various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and infectious diseases. In addition, the essential impact of ceramidases on tissue regeneration, as well as their usefulness in enzyme replacement therapy, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Duarte
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324, USA; (J.A.); (C.Y.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (A.M.); Tel.: +1-954-262-7306 (A.M.)
| | - Juliet Akkaoui
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324, USA; (J.A.); (C.Y.); (A.H.)
| | - Chiaki Yamada
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324, USA; (J.A.); (C.Y.); (A.H.)
| | - Anny Ho
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324, USA; (J.A.); (C.Y.); (A.H.)
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, The State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA;
- Cancer Center, The State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324, USA; (J.A.); (C.Y.); (A.H.)
- Institute for Neuro-Immune Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33324, USA
- Correspondence: (C.D.); (A.M.); Tel.: +1-954-262-7306 (A.M.)
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15
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Corrigan JK, Ramachandran D, He Y, Palmer CJ, Jurczak MJ, Chen R, Li B, Friedline RH, Kim JK, Ramsey JJ, Lantier L, McGuinness OP, Banks AS. A big-data approach to understanding metabolic rate and response to obesity in laboratory mice. eLife 2020; 9:e53560. [PMID: 32356724 PMCID: PMC7274785 DOI: 10.7554/elife.53560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintaining a healthy body weight requires an exquisite balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. To understand the genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the regulation of body weight, an important first step is to establish the normal range of metabolic values and primary sources contributing to variability. Energy metabolism is measured by powerful and sensitive indirect calorimetry devices. Analysis of nearly 10,000 wild-type mice from two large-scale experiments revealed that the largest variation in energy expenditure is due to body composition, ambient temperature, and institutional site of experimentation. We also analyze variation in 2329 knockout strains and establish a reference for the magnitude of metabolic changes. Based on these findings, we provide suggestions for how best to design and conduct energy balance experiments in rodents. These recommendations will move us closer to the goal of a centralized physiological repository to foster transparency, rigor and reproducibility in metabolic physiology experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- June K Corrigan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Deepti Ramachandran
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Yuchen He
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Colin J Palmer
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Michael J Jurczak
- Division of Endocrinology, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Bingshan Li
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Randall H Friedline
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Jason K Kim
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
| | - Jon J Ramsey
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Louise Lantier
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Owen P McGuinness
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
| | - Mouse Metabolic Phenotyping Center Energy Balance Working Group
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
- Division of Endocrinology, Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleUnited States
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterUnited States
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, DavisDavisUnited States
| | - Alexander S Banks
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
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16
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Druggable Sphingolipid Pathways: Experimental Models and Clinical Opportunities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:101-135. [PMID: 32894509 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research in the field of sphingolipids has revealed diverse roles in cell biological responses and human health and disease. This immense molecular family is primarily represented by the bioactive molecules ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The flux of sphingolipid metabolism at both the subcellular and extracellular levels provides multiple opportunities for pharmacological intervention. The caveat is that perturbation of any single node of this highly regulated flux may have effects that propagate throughout the metabolic network in a dramatic and sometimes unexpected manner. Beginning with S1P, the receptors for which have thus far been the most clinically tractable pharmacological targets, this review will describe recent advances in therapeutic modulators targeting sphingolipids, their chaperones, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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17
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Role of Ceramidases in Sphingolipid Metabolism and Human Diseases. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121573. [PMID: 31817238 PMCID: PMC6952831 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease, type 2 diabetes-induced insulin resistance, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases have altered lipid homeostasis. Among these imbalanced lipids, the bioactive sphingolipids ceramide and sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) are pivotal in the pathophysiology of these diseases. Several enzymes within the sphingolipid pathway contribute to the homeostasis of ceramide and S1P. Ceramidase is key in the degradation of ceramide into sphingosine and free fatty acids. In humans, five different ceramidases are known—acid ceramidase, neutral ceramidase, and alkaline ceramidase 1, 2, and 3—which are encoded by five different genes (ASAH1, ASAH2, ACER1, ACER2, and ACER3, respectively). Notably, the neutral ceramidase N-acylsphingosine amidohydrolase 2 (ASAH2) shows considerable differences between humans and animals in terms of tissue expression levels. Besides, the subcellular localization of ASAH2 remains controversial. In this review, we sum up the results obtained for identifying gene divergence, structure, subcellular localization, and manipulating factors and address the role of ASAH2 along with other ceramidases in human diseases.
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18
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Jiang L, Xu J, Sang M, Zhang Y, Ye M, Zhang H, Wu B, Zhu Y, Xu P, Tai R, Zhao Z, Jiang Y, Dong C, Sun L, Griffin CH, Gragnoli C, Wu R. A Drive to Driven Model of Mapping Intraspecific Interaction Networks. iScience 2019; 22:109-122. [PMID: 31765992 PMCID: PMC6883333 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Community ecology theory suggests that an individual's phenotype is determined by the phenotypes of its coexisting members to the extent at which this process can shape community evolution. Here, we develop a mapping theory to identify interaction quantitative trait loci (QTL) governing inter-individual dependence. We mathematically formulate the decision-making strategy of interacting individuals. We integrate these mathematical descriptors into a statistical procedure, enabling the joint characterization of how QTL drive the strengths of ecological interactions and how the genetic architecture of QTL is driven by ecological networks. In three fish full-sib mapping experiments, we identify a set of genome-wide QTL that control a range of societal behaviors, including mutualism, altruism, aggression, and antagonism, and find that these intraspecific interactions increase the genetic variation of body mass by about 50%. We showcase how the interaction QTL can be used as editors to reconstruct and engineer new social networks for ecological communities. We develop a new theory for complex-trait mapping by integrating behavioral ecology This theory can characterize how QTL drive cooperation or competition in populations It can also illustrate how the activation of QTL is driven by ecological interactions The new theory leverages interdisciplinary studies of genetics, ecology, and evolution
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Affiliation(s)
- Libo Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jian Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Mengmeng Sang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Meixia Ye
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Biyin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Youxiu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China; Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Ruyu Tai
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Zixia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Yanliang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China
| | - Chuanju Dong
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics, Ministry of Agriculture, CAFS Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genomics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Fishery Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Beijing 100141, China; College of Fishery, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Lidan Sun
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Christopher H Griffin
- Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Claudia Gragnoli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Disease, Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA; Molecular Biology Laboratory, Bios Biotech Multi Diagnostic Health Center, Rome 00197, Italy
| | - Rongling Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Center for Computational Biology, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Center for Statistical Genetics, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA.
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19
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Abstract
Mechanistic details for the roles of sphingolipids and their downstream targets in the regulation of tumor growth, response to chemo/radiotherapy, and metastasis have been investigated in recent studies using innovative molecular, genetic and pharmacologic tools in various cancer models. Induction of ceramide generation in response to cellular stress by chemotherapy, radiation, or exogenous ceramide analog drugs mediates cell death via apoptosis, necroptosis, or mitophagy. In this chapter, distinct functions and mechanisms of action of endogenous ceramides with different fatty acyl chain lengths in the regulation of cancer cell death versus survival will be discussed. In addition, importance of ceramide subcellular localization, trafficking, and lipid-protein binding between ceramide and various target proteins in cancer cells will be reviewed. Moreover, clinical trials from structure-function-based studies to restore antiproliferative ceramide signaling by activating ceramide synthesis will also be analyzed. Future studies are important to understand the mechanistic involvement of ceramide-mediated cell death in anticancer therapy, including immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Nganga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Natalia Oleinik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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20
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Sakamoto W, Canals D, Salamone S, Allopenna J, Clarke CJ, Snider J, Obeid LM, Hannun YA. Probing compartment-specific sphingolipids with targeted bacterial sphingomyelinases and ceramidases. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1841-1850. [PMID: 31243119 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m094722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids contribute to the regulation of cell and tissue homeostasis, and disorders of sphingolipid metabolism lead to diseases such as inflammation, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. Sphingolipid metabolic pathways involve an array of enzymes that reside in specific subcellular organelles, resulting in the formation of many diverse sphingolipids with distinct molecular species based on the diversity of the ceramide (Cer) structure. In order to probe compartment-specific metabolism of sphingolipids in this study, we analyzed the Cer and SM species preferentially produced in the inner plasma membrane (PM), Golgi apparatus, ER, mitochondria, nucleus, and cytoplasm by using compartmentally targeted bacterial SMases and ceramidases. The results showed that the length of the acyl chain of Cer becomes longer according to the progress of Cer from synthesis in the ER to the Golgi apparatus, then to the PM. These findings suggest that each organelle shows different properties of SM-derived Cers consistent with its emerging distinct functions in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Sakamoto
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.,Ono Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd. Oncology Research Laboratories, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daniel Canals
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Silvia Salamone
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Janet Allopenna
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Christopher J Clarke
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Justin Snider
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY.,Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY .,Departments of Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Pathology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
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21
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Inherited monogenic defects of ceramide metabolism: Molecular bases and diagnoses. Clin Chim Acta 2019; 495:457-466. [PMID: 31128082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ceramides are membrane lipids implicated in the regulation of numerous biological functions. Recent evidence suggests that specific subsets of molecular species of ceramide may play distinct physiological roles. The importance of this family of molecules in vertebrates is witnessed by the deleterious consequences of genetic alterations in ceramide metabolism. This brief review summarizes the clinical presentation of human disorders due to the deficiency of enzymes involved either in the biosynthesis or the degradation of ceramides. Information on the possible underlying pathophysiological mechanisms is also provided, based on knowledge gathered from animal models of these inherited rare conditions. When appropriate, tools for chemical and molecular diagnosis of these disorders and therapeutic options are also presented.
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22
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Casasampere M, Bielsa N, Riba D, Bassas L, Xu R, Mao C, Fabriàs G, Abad JL, Delgado A, Casas J. New fluorogenic probes for neutral and alkaline ceramidases. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1174-1181. [PMID: 30926626 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d092759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
New fluorogenic ceramidase substrates derived from the N-acyl modification of our previously reported probes (RBM14) are reported. While none of the new probes were superior to the known RBM14C12 as acid ceramidase substrates, the corresponding nervonic acid amide (RBM14C24:1) is an efficient and selective substrate for the recombinant human neutral ceramidase, both in cell lysates and in intact cells. A second generation of substrates, incorporating the natural 2-(N-acylamino)-1,3-diol-4-ene framework (compounds RBM15) is also reported. Among them, the corresponding fatty acyl amides with an unsaturated N-acyl chain can be used as substrates to determine alkaline ceramidase (ACER)1 and ACER2 activities. In particular, compound RBM15C18:1 has emerged as the best fluorogenic probe reported so far to measure ACER1 and ACER2 activities in a 96-well plate format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireia Casasampere
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Medicinal Chemistry, Unit of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Associated Unit to CSIC), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Bielsa
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Medicinal Chemistry, Unit of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Associated Unit to CSIC), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Riba
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Bassas
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Medicine State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8155
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8155
| | - Gemma Fabriàs
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), 08034 Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - José-Luis Abad
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Delgado
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), 08034 Barcelona, Spain .,Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Medicinal Chemistry, Unit of Pharmaceutical Chemistry (Associated Unit to CSIC), University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Casas
- Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Department of Biological Chemistry, Research Unit on Bioactive Molecules (RUBAM), 08034 Barcelona, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBEREHD), 28029 Madrid, Spain
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23
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Dumas SN, Ntambi JM. A Discussion on the Relationship between Skin Lipid Metabolism and Whole-Body Glucose and Lipid Metabolism: Systematic Review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 3. [PMID: 30474082 PMCID: PMC6247918 DOI: 10.4172/2576-1471.1000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The obesity epidemic is a costly public health crisis that is not improving. In addition to the stigma and discomfort associated with carrying extra weight (at the expense of range of movement), obesity also goes hand-in-hand with co-morbidities like fatty liver disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and increased risk of some forms of cancer. Currently there are no long-lasting treatments for obesity other than diet and exercise, which are not feasible for many populations that may not be equipped with the resources and/or support needed to lead a healthy lifestyle. Although there have been some pharmacological breakthroughs for treating obesity, each FDA-approved drug comes with unpleasant side-effects that make adherence unlikely. As a result, alternate approaches are necessary. In this review, we outline the relationship between skin lipid metabolism and whole-body glucose and lipid metabolism. Specifically, by summarizing studies that employed mice that were genetically modified to interrupt lipid metabolism in the skin. As a result, we propose that skin might be an overlooked, but viable target for combating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina N Dumas
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - James M Ntambi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
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Abstract
Studies of bioactive lipids in general and sphingolipids in particular have intensified over the past several years, revealing an unprecedented and unanticipated complexity of the lipidome and its many functions, which rivals, if not exceeds, that of the genome or proteome. These results highlight critical roles for bioactive sphingolipids in most, if not all, major cell biological responses, including all major cell signalling pathways, and they link sphingolipid metabolism to key human diseases. Nevertheless, the fairly nascent field of bioactive sphingolipids still faces challenges in its biochemical and molecular underpinnings, including defining the molecular mechanisms of pathway and enzyme regulation, the study of lipid-protein interactions and the development of cellular probes, suitable biomarkers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf A Hannun
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York 11794, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, New York 11794, USA
- Northport Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, New York 11768, USA
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Abstract
Sphingolipids, including the two central bioactive lipids ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), have opposing roles in regulating cancer cell death and survival, respectively, and there have been exciting developments in understanding how sphingolipid metabolism and signalling regulate these processes in response to anticancer therapy. Recent studies have provided mechanistic details of the roles of sphingolipids and their downstream targets in the regulation of tumour growth and response to chemotherapy, radiotherapy and/or immunotherapy using innovative molecular, genetic and pharmacological tools to target sphingolipid signalling nodes in cancer cells. For example, structure-function-based studies have provided innovative opportunities to develop mechanism-based anticancer therapeutic strategies to restore anti-proliferative ceramide signalling and/or inhibit pro-survival S1P-S1P receptor (S1PR) signalling. This Review summarizes how ceramide-induced cellular stress mediates cancer cell death through various mechanisms involving the induction of apoptosis, necroptosis and/or mitophagy. Moreover, the metabolism of ceramide for S1P biosynthesis, which is mediated by sphingosine kinase 1 and 2, and its role in influencing cancer cell growth, drug resistance and tumour metastasis through S1PR-dependent or receptor-independent signalling are highlighted. Finally, studies targeting enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism and/or signalling and their clinical implications for improving cancer therapeutics are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Besim Ogretmen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
- Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, 86 Jonathan Lucas Street, MSC 957, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Lin CL, Xu R, Yi JK, Li F, Chen J, Jones EC, Slutsky JB, Huang L, Rigas B, Cao J, Zhong X, Snider AJ, Obeid LM, Hannun YA, Mao C. Alkaline Ceramidase 1 Protects Mice from Premature Hair Loss by Maintaining the Homeostasis of Hair Follicle Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1488-1500. [PMID: 29056331 PMCID: PMC5829345 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ceramides and their metabolites are important for the homeostasis of the epidermis, but much remains unknown about the roles of specific pathways of ceramide metabolism in skin biology. With a mouse model deficient in the alkaline ceramidase (Acer1) gene, we demonstrate that ACER1 plays a key role in the homeostasis of the epidermis and its appendages by controlling the metabolism of ceramides. Loss of Acer1 elevated the levels of various ceramides and sphingoid bases in the skin and caused progressive hair loss in mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that loss of Acer1 widened follicular infundibulum and caused progressive loss of hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs) due to reduced survival and stemness. These results suggest that ACER1 plays a key role in maintaining the homeostasis of HFSCs, and thereby the hair follicle structure and function, by regulating the metabolism of ceramides in the epidermis. Acer1 is a skin-specific ceramidase that controls the catabolism of ceramides Acer1 plays a key role in the homeostasis of the epidermis and its appendages Acer1−/− mice suffer from progressive alopecia Loss of Acer1 progressively depletes the population of hair follicle stem cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Li Lin
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Ruijuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jae Kyo Yi
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Evan C Jones
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jordan B Slutsky
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Liqun Huang
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Basil Rigas
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jian Cao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Xiaoming Zhong
- Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ashley J Snider
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lina M Obeid
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Yusuf A Hannun
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Cungui Mao
- Department of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Medicine and Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, HSC T15-023, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA; Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Kruse V, Neess D, Færgeman NJ. The Significance of Epidermal Lipid Metabolism in Whole-Body Physiology. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2017; 28:669-683. [PMID: 28668301 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest sensory organ of the human body. The skin not only prevents loss of water and other components of the body, but also is involved in regulation of body temperature and serves as an essential barrier, protecting mammals from both routine and extreme environments. Given the importance of the skin in temperature regulation, it is surprising that adaptive alterations in skin functions and morphology only vaguely have been associated with systemic physiological responses. Despite that impaired lipid metabolism in the skin often impairs the epidermal permeability barrier and insulation properties of the skin, its role in regulating systemic physiology and metabolism is yet to be recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vibeke Kruse
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Ditte Neess
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Nils J Færgeman
- Villum Center for Bioanalytical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark.
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Park BM, Bak SS, Shin KO, Kim M, Kim D, Jung SH, Jeong S, Sung YK, Kim HJ. Promotion of hair growth by newly synthesized ceramide mimetic compound. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:173-177. [PMID: 28711498 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on the crucial roles of ceramides in skin barrier function, use of ceramides or their structural mimetic compounds, pseudoceramides, as cosmetic ingredients are getting more popular. While currently used pseudoceramides are intended to substitute the structural roles of ceramides in stratum corneum, development of bioactive pseudoceramides has been repeatedly reported. In this study, based on the potential involvement of sphingolipids in hair cycle regulation, we investigated the effects of newly synthesized pseudoceramide, bis-oleamido isopropyl alcohol (BOI), on hair growth using cultured human hair follicles and animal models. BOI treatment promoted hair growth in cultured human hair follicles ex vivo and induced earlier conversion of telogen into anagen. Although we did not find a significant enhancement of growth factor expression and follicular cell proliferation, BOI treatment resulted in an increased sphinganine and sphingosine contents as well as increased ceramides contents in cultured dermal papilla (DP) cells. Taken together, our data strongly suggest that biologically active pseudoceramide promotes hair growth by stimulating do novo synthesis of sphingolipids in DP cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bu-Mahn Park
- CRID Center, NeoPharm Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Sun Bak
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Oh Shin
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Kim
- CRID Center, NeoPharm Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehwan Kim
- CRID Center, NeoPharm Co., Ltd., Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hun Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sekyoo Jeong
- Department of Bio-Cosmetic Science, Seowon University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kwan Sung
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 700-422, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Atopy and Asthma Center Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Ceramidases, roles in sphingolipid metabolism and in health and disease. Adv Biol Regul 2016; 63:122-131. [PMID: 27771292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three decades, extensive research has been able to determine the biologic functions for the main bioactive sphingolipids, namely ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) (Hannun, 1996; Hannun et al., 1986; Okazaki et al., 1989). These studies have managed to define the metabolism, regulation, and function of these bioactive sphingolipids. This emerging body of literature has also implicated bioactive sphingolipids, particularly S1P and ceramide, as key regulators of cellular homeostasis. Ceramidases have the important role of cleaving fatty acid from ceramide and producing sphingosine, thereby controlling the interconversion of these two lipids. Thus far, five human ceramidases encoded by five different genes have been identified: acid ceramidase (AC), neutral ceramidase (NC), alkaline ceramidase 1 (ACER1), alkaline ceramidase 2 (ACER2), and alkaline ceramidase 3 (ACER3). These ceramidases are classified according to their optimal pH for catalytic activity. AC, which is localized to the lysosomal compartment, has been associated with Farber's disease and is involved in the regulation of cell viability. Neutral ceramidase, which is localized to the plasma membrane and primarily expressed in the small intestine and colon, is involved in digestion, and has been implicated in colon carcinogenesis. ACER1 which can be found in the endoplasmic reticulum and is highly expressed in the skin, plays an important role in keratinocyte differentiation. ACER2, localized to the Golgi complex and highly expressed in the placenta, is involved in programed cell death in response to DNA damage. ACER3, also localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi complex, is ubiquitously expressed, and is involved in motor coordination-associated Purkinje cell degeneration. This review seeks to consolidate the current knowledge regarding these key cellular players.
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