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Yang Y, Hao W. Clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular findings of isodicentric Y chromosomes. Mol Cytogenet 2019; 12:55. [PMID: 31890035 PMCID: PMC6935080 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-019-0465-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Isodicentric Y chromosomes [idic(Y)] are one of the most common structural abnormalities of the Y chromosome. The prenatal diagnosis of isodicentric Y chromosomes is of vital importance, and the postnatal phenotypes vary widely. Therefore, we present six patients prenatally diagnosed with isodicentric Y chromosomes and review the literature concerning the genotype-phenotype correlations. Method The clinical materials of six patients were obtained. Cytogenetic and molecular approaches were carried out for these six patients. Results Isodicentric Y chromosomes were found in all sixpatients. Among them, four patients presented with a mosaic 45,X karyotype, one patient had a 46,XY cell line, and one patient was nonmosaic. Five of these six isodicentric Y chromosomes had a breakpoint in Yq11.2, and the other had a breakpoint in Yp11.3. The molecular analysis demonstrated different duplications and deletions of the Y chromosome. Finally, three patients chose to terminate the pregnancy, two patients gave birth to normal-appearing males, and one patient was lost to follow-up. Conclusion The incorporation of multiple cytogenetic and molecular techniques would offer a more comprehensive understanding of this structural chromosomal abnormality for genetic counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital, #369 Kunpeng Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310008 Zhejiang China
| | - Wang Hao
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hangzhou Maternity and Child Care Hospital, #369 Kunpeng Road, Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, 310008 Zhejiang China.,2Department of Cell Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang China
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Zheng J, Yang X, Lu H, Guan Y, Yang F, Xu M, Li M, Ji X, Wang Y, Hu P, Zhou Y. Prenatal diagnosis of sex chromosome mosaicism with two marker chromosomes in three cell lines and a review of the literature. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1791-1796. [PMID: 30592288 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study described the diagnosis of a fetus with sex chromosome mosaicism in three cell lines and two marker chromosomes. A 24‑year‑old woman underwent amniocentesis at 21 weeks and 4 days of gestation due to noninvasive prenatal testing identifying that the fetus had sex chromosome abnormalities. Amniotic cell culture revealed a karyotype of 45,X[13]/46,X,+mar1[6]/46,X,+mar2[9], and prenatal ultrasound was unremarkable. The woman underwent repeat amniocentesis at 23 weeks and 4 days of gestation for molecular detection. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis on uncultured amniocytes revealed that the fetus had two Y chromosomes and 7.8‑Mb deletions in Yq11.222q12. The deletion regions included DAZ, RBMY and PRY genes, which could cause spermatogenesis obstacle and sterility. Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using centromeric probes DXZ1/DYZ3/D18Z1 was performed on uncultured amniocytes to verify the two marker chromosomes to be Y chromosome derivatives. According to these examinations, the mar1 was identified as a derivative of the Y chromosome with a deletion in Yq11.222q12, and the mar2 was identified as a dicentric derivative of the Y chromosome. The molecular karyotype was therefore 45,X,ish(DXZ1+, DYZ3‑,D18Z1++)[5]/46,X,del(Y)(q11.222),ish(DXZ1+,DYZ3+,D18Z1++)[11]/46, X,idic(Y)(q11.222),ish(DXZ1+,DYZ3++,D18Z1++)[14]. The comprehensive use of cytogenetic, SNP array and FISH detections was advantageous for accurately identifying the karyotype, identifying the origin of the marker chromosome and preparing effective genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Zheng
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Clinical Reproductive Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, P.R. China
| | - Haiyan Lu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Yongjuan Guan
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Yang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Mengjun Xu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
| | - Xiuqing Ji
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Ping Hu
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis, Laboratory of Clinical Genetics, Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224001, P.R. China
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Xu J, Siu VM. Is there a correlation between the proportion of cells with isodicentric Yp at amniocentesis and phenotypic sex? Prenat Diagn 2010; 30:839-44. [PMID: 20658696 DOI: 10.1002/pd.2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES (1) To present a case with prenatally detected idic Yp. (2) To review literature to assess if there is a correlation between the proportion of amniocytes with idic Yp and phenotypic sex. METHODS Seventeen cases were reviewed. RESULTS Amniocentesis was done due to positive integrated prenatal screening result. Interphase FISH was normal for chromosomes 13, 18, and 21, but mosaic for cell lines with 1 X and 0 to 2 copies of DYZ3, SRY, or DYZ1(Yq12). Amniocytes had 45,X[28]/46,X,idic(Y)(q11.2)[2].ish idic(Y)(DYZ3 + +, SRY + +). An apparently normal female was born at 37 weeks. The umbilical cord had 45,X[50], but cord blood had 45,X[17]/46,X,idic(Y)[31]/47,X,idic(Y)x2[2]. Review of 17 cases showed that 13 cases with 20 to 100% cells with idic Yp all had a male phenotype. Two cases with 3 and 7% of idic Yp cells had a female phenotype. Two cases with 45,X only at prenatal diagnosis but idic Yp detected postnatally were phenotypic male. CONCLUSION (1) We present the first report of prenatally detected idic Yp and Yq12 resulting in an apparently normal female at birth. (2) Finding of > 20% of G-banded amniocytes with idic Yp in the absence of other indicators of foetal structural anomalies seems to correlate with phenotypically normal male in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xu
- Cytogenetics, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Shinawi M, Cain MP, Vanderbrink BA, Grignon DJ, Mensing D, Cooper ML, Bader P, Cheung SW. Mixed gonadal dysgenesis in a child with isodicentric Y chromosome: Does the relative proportion of the 45,X line really matter? Am J Med Genet A 2010; 152A:1832-7. [PMID: 20583182 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.33475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Isodicentric Y chromosomes [idic(Y)] cause several sex-linked phenotypes ranging from typical Turner syndrome, to phenotypic males, and to those with ambiguous genitalia. The idic(Y) are unstable during mitosis and therefore result in mosaicism with an additional cell line. The associated phenotypic heterogeneity was attributed to variable location of the breakpoints and to the proportion of idic(Y)-containing cells in gonads and other tissues. We report on a phenotypic and cytogenetic characterization of an apparently male patient with ambiguous genitalia and mixed gonadal dysgenesis who was found to be mosaic 45,X/46,X,idic(Y). Unexpectedly, the histologically male gonad showed a predominant proportion of 45,X cells suggesting that additional factors, other than the proportion of the 45,X cell line and the location of the breakpoint, may play a role in gonadal determination and differentiation. Our observation suggests that the timing of the mitotic loss of idic(Y) during gonadal ontogenesis and the proportion of SRY positive pre-Sertoli cells in the gonad are probably more relevant than the postnatal proportion of the different mosaic clones. We discuss the dynamic nature of mitotic instability of isodicentric Y chromosomes and the fundamental role of Sertoli cells in gonadal differentiation and their contribution to the phenotypic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Ságodi L, Sólyom E, Tóth A, Kékesi A, P Tardy E, Borbás E, Rétfalvi T, Kiss A, Korcsmáros A. Mixed gonadal dysgenesis associated with an isodicentric Y chromosome. Orv Hetil 2007; 148:1567-71. [PMID: 17686676 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2007.28108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A szerzők egy izodicentrikus Y-kromoszómát tartalmazó kariotípusú kevert gonáddiszgenezises esetükről számolnak be, melyet fiatal csecsemőkorban diagnosztizáltak. Szükségesnek tartják a perineoscrotalis hypospadiasissal és az egy- vagy kétoldali hereleszállás zavarával született újszülöttek speciális kivizsgálását közvetlenül a szülés után. A részletes kivizsgálás eredménye biztosítja a korrekt nemi besorolást és a diszgenetikus gonád malignus elfajulásának megelőzését.
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Affiliation(s)
- László Ságodi
- Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén Megyei Kórház és Egyetemi Oktató Kórház Gyermek-egészségügyi Központ III. Csecsemo- és Gyermekosztály Miskolc Szentpéteri kapu 72. 3501.
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Willis MJH, Bird LM, Dell'aquilla M, Jones MC. Natural history of prenatally diagnosed 46,X,isodicentric Y. Prenat Diagn 2007; 26:134-7. [PMID: 16463293 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The karyotype 46,X,isodicentric Y has rarely been reported in the context of prenatal diagnosis. The literature is replete with descriptions of individuals with 46,X,isodicentric Y/45,X mosaicism, presenting with a spectrum of phenotypes. The postnatal phenotype is believed to depend on the extent of mosaicism in the gonads or other affected tissues. The purpose of this article is to delineate the natural history of this chromosomal abnormality when identified in the context of prenatal diagnosis. METHODS We identified a 45,X/46,X,idicY karyotype in the structurally normal male fetus of a woman presenting with an abnormal triple screen. Four other prenatally ascertained cases were found in our files as well as ten in the medical literature. RESULTS Of the 15 cases presented here, 11 (73%) were reported as phenotypically normal males, 1 was found to have an epididymal cyst, and 1 had normal male genitalia, but was also found to have a cardiovascular defect. One out of 15 (7%) was found to have female genitalia and was therefore confirmed to have Turner syndrome. In one case, the outcome was not reported. CONCLUSION An individual diagnosed prenatally with idic(Y) may in many cases be a normal male, similar to the outcome for prenatally diagnosed 45,X/46,XY.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J H Willis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, USA
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Wu HH, Lee TH, Chen CD, Yeh KT, Chen M. Delineation of an isodicentric Y chromosome in a mosaic 45,X/46,X,idic(Y)(qter-p11.3::p11.3-qter) fetus by SRY sequencing, G-banding, FISH, SKY and study of distribution in different tissues. J Formos Med Assoc 2007; 106:403-10. [PMID: 17561477 DOI: 10.1016/s0929-6646(09)60327-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many factors such as genetic, developmental and hormonal are involved in mammalian sex determination. The relative importance and the mutual interactions among those factors are obscure. Study of cytogenetic mosaicism involving sex chromosomes may help to further unravel the mysterious process. We report a fetus with a mosaic karyotype, 45,X/46,X,idic(Y)(qter-p11.3::p11.3-qter), with unambiguous male external genitalia and a defect in the interventricular septum of the heart. Genotype of this fetus was extensively studied by technologies including sequencing of SRY (sex-determining region on the Y chromosome) gene, G-banding, FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridization) and SKY (spectral karyotyping). A markedly higher percentage of Y-containing cells was observed in the gonads (55%) than in the amniotic fluid (17%) and placental villi (11%), which was considered to be the major reason why the fetus did not have ambiguous genitalia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Hsuan Wu
- Center for Health Promotion and Department of Family Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Bruyère H, Speevak MD, Winsor EJT, de Fréminville B, Farrell SA, McGowan-Jordan J, McGillivray B, Chitayat D, McFadden D, Adouard V, Terespolsky D, Prieur F, Pantzar T, Hrynchak M. Isodicentric Yp: prenatal diagnosis and outcome in 12 cases. Prenat Diagn 2006; 26:324-9. [PMID: 16521154 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES 1. To present the prenatal cytogenetic findings and postnatal outcome of 12 cases with an isodicentric chromosome composed of the short arm of the Y chromosome.2. To review the literature and provide recommendations for cytogenetic analysis and counseling. METHODS Prenatal and postnatal cytogenetic data and clinical findings of isodicentric Yp ascertained in six institutions were gathered and reviewed. RESULTS Nine of the twelve cases were referred for advanced maternal age (AMA), one of which was a twin pregnancy with one twin having an increased nuchal translucency measurement. The remaining cases were referred owing to a family history of hemophilia and an abnormal maternal serum screen, respectively. Nine of these pregnancies resulted in the birth of a normal-appearing male infant with subsequent normal growth and psychomotor development. Follow-up ranged from birth to 7 years. In two cases, the pregnancy was terminated and the fetuses showed male external genitalia. In the case ascertained because of an increased nuchal translucency measurement, the prenatal diagnosis of 45,X was made. At birth, there were ambiguous genitalia, and postnatal cytogenetic studies found an isodicentric Yp. In 11 of the 12 cases, mosaicism was present. CONCLUSION Our cases show that the prenatal finding of an isodicentric Yp, with or without 45,X mosaicism, is compatible with normal male phenotype in most cases, particularly in the absence of other anomalies. To ensure accuracy in cytogenetic reporting and prenatal counseling, the identification of a structurally abnormal or small Y chromosome, either alone or in the presence of 45,X colonies, should be followed immediately by confirmatory molecular cytogenetic investigations as well as by ultrasound determination of the phenotypic sex of the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Bruyère
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vancouver University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Thomas MA, Desilets V, Halal F, Duncan AMV. The importance of investigating an apparently simple Yq deletion detected prenatally. Prenat Diagn 2005; 25:614-6. [PMID: 16034812 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Neas KR, Yip MY, James C, Kirk EPE. Patient with a non-mosaic isodicentric Yp and mild developmental delay. Am J Med Genet A 2005; 137:223-4. [PMID: 16082705 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.30740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Arnedo N, Nogués C, Bosch M, Templado C. Mitotic and meiotic behaviour of a naturally transmitted ring Y chromosome: reproductive risk evaluation. Hum Reprod 2004; 20:462-8. [PMID: 15528264 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deh598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mitotic and meiotic behaviour of a transmitted ring Y [r(Y)] chromosome from a father to his Klinefelter syndrome (KS) son, and the mechanism of ring formation are analysed herein. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of natural transmission of an r(Y). METHODS AND RESULTS Amplification of X chromosome polymorphisms by PCR showed that the KS was of paternal origin. G-banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies revealed a similar percentage of mosaicism in father and son by mitotic loss of r(Y). SRY gene and Y marker amplification by PCR, FISH with subtelomeric probes for Xp/Yp and Xq/Yq, and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analyses indicated the intactness of the Y chromosome from SRY to subtelomere Yq. FISH analysis of sperm from the father showed significantly higher frequencies (P<0.005) for diploidy and for 6, 13, 18, 21, 22, XX, XY disomies than those observed in control donors. CONCLUSIONS An r(Y) with low material loss can be naturally transmitted, showing similar mitotic behaviour in the offspring. The presence of an r(Y) chromosome in germinal cells increased the risk of fathering offspring with numerical abnormalities, even for chromosomes not involved in the arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Arnedo
- Departament de Biologia Cel.lular, Fisiologia i Immunologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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