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Ye Y, Sun G, Ren Z, Liang Y, Luo H, Lin P, Wang X, Dong Z, Huang L, Qin L, Yu W, Wang G, Zhou Y, Tang J, Lou J, Liu Y, Zeng X, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhang Q, Huang J, Zhu P, Lin L, Zhang X, Xu X. Quantification of human embryonic ζ-globin chains in Southeast Asian deletion (-- SEA) carriers. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:784-789. [PMID: 36008105 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2022-208159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Reactivation of embryonic ζ-globin is a promising strategy for genetic treatment of α-thalassaemia. However, quantification of ζ-globin as a quantitative trait in α-thalassaemia carriers and patients remains incompletely understood. In this study, we aimed to set up a reliable approach for the quantification of ζ-globin in α-thalassaemia carriers, followed by a population study to investigate its expression patterns. METHODS ζ-globin was purified as monomers from cord blood haemolysate of a Hb Bart's fetus, followed by absolute protein quantification, which was then tested by in-house ELISA system and introduced as protein standard. It was then used for large-scale quantification in peripheral blood samples from 6179 individuals. Finally, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) introduced as an independent validating approach by measuring ζ-globin expression in a second cohort of 141-SEA/αα carriers. RESULTS The ELISA system was proved sensitive in distinguishing individuals with varied extent of ζ-globin. Large scale quantitative study of this --SEA/αα carrier cohort indicated the high diversity of ζ-globin expression ranging from 0.00155 g/L to 1.48778 g/L. Significant positive correlation between ELISA and LC-MS/MS (R=0.400, p<0.001) was observed and it is more sensitive in distinguishing the samples with extreme expression of ζ-globin (R=0.650, p<0.001). CONCLUSION Our study has reported reliable approaches for the quantification of ζ-globin and presented the expression patterns of ζ-globin among the --SEA/αα carrier population, which might lay a foundation on subsequent genotype-phenotype studies on mechanisms of delayed haemoglobin switch in α-thalassaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Diagnostics and Treatment of Thalassemia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Genetics Testing Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoying Sun
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe Ren
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Liang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Diagnostics and Treatment of Thalassemia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Genetics Testing Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualei Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Diagnostics and Treatment of Thalassemia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Genetics Testing Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Lin
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Diagnostics and Treatment of Thalassemia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Genetics Testing Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingmin Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Diagnostics and Treatment of Thalassemia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Genetics Testing Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zejun Dong
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Diagnostics and Treatment of Thalassemia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Genetics Testing Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Diagnostics and Treatment of Thalassemia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Genetics Testing Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Qin
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Diagnostics and Treatment of Thalassemia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Genetics Testing Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenfang Yu
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Municipal Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiu Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhuhai Municipal Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Tang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiwu Lou
- Dongguan Institute of Reproduction and Genetics, Dongguan Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Dongguan Institute of Reproduction and Genetics, Dongguan Maternal and Children Health Hospital, Dongguan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianqi Zeng
- Women and Children's Health Hospital of Shaoguan, Shaoguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajun Chen
- Women and Children's Health Hospital of Shaoguan, Shaoguan, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yihong Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Diagnostics and Treatment of Thalassemia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Genetics Testing Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Diagnostics and Treatment of Thalassemia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Genetics Testing Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Lin
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, 923rd Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, Nanning, Guangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangmin Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Innovation Center for Diagnostics and Treatment of Thalassemia, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Genetics Testing Engineering Research Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Grønlien HK, Christoffersen TE, Nystrand CF, Garabet L, Syvertsen T, Moe MK, Olstad OK, Jonassen CM. Cytokine and Gene Expression Profiling in Patients with HFE-Associated Hereditary Hemochromatosis according to Genetic Profile. Acta Haematol 2020; 144:446-457. [PMID: 33326952 DOI: 10.1159/000511551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hemochromatosis gene (HFE)-associated hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is characterized by downregulation of hepcidin synthesis, leading to increased intestinal iron absorption. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to characterize and elucidate a possible association between gene expression profile, hepcidin levels, disease severity, and markers of inflammation in HFE-associated HH patients. METHODS Thirty-nine HFE-associated HH patients were recruited and assigned to 2 groups according to genetic profile: C282Y homozygotes in 1 group and patients with H63D, as homozygote or in combination with C282Y, in the other group. Eleven healthy first-time blood donors were recruited as controls. Gene expression was characterized from peripheral blood cells, and inflammatory cytokines and hepcidin-25 isoform were quantified in serum. Biochemical disease characteristics were recorded. RESULTS Elevated levels of interleukin 8 were observed in a significant higher proportion of patients than controls. In addition, compared to controls, gene expression of ζ-globin was significantly increased among C282Y homozygote patients, while gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase 8, and other neutrophil-secreted proteins, was significantly upregulated in patients with H63D. CONCLUSION Different disease signatures may characterize HH patients according to their HFE genetic profile. Studies on larger populations, including analyses at protein level, are necessary to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lamya Garabet
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Terje Syvertsen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway
| | - Morten K Moe
- Department of Multidisciplinary Laboratory Medicine and Medical Biochemistry, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Christine Monceyron Jonassen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Østfold Hospital Trust, Grålum, Norway,
- Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Sciences, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway,
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Cellular Basis of Embryonic Hematopoiesis and Its Implications in Prenatal Erythropoiesis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249346. [PMID: 33302450 PMCID: PMC7763178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Primitive erythrocytes are the first hematopoietic cells observed during ontogeny and are produced specifically in the yolk sac. Primitive erythrocytes express distinct hemoglobins compared with adult erythrocytes and circulate in the blood in the nucleated form. Hematopoietic stem cells produce adult-type (so-called definitive) erythrocytes. However, hematopoietic stem cells do not appear until the late embryonic/early fetal stage. Recent studies have shown that diverse types of hematopoietic progenitors are present in the yolk sac as well as primitive erythroblasts. Multipotent hematopoietic progenitors that arose in the yolk sac before hematopoietic stem cells emerged likely fill the gap between primitive erythropoiesis and hematopoietic stem-cell-originated definitive erythropoiesis and hematopoiesis. In this review, we discuss the cellular origin of primitive erythropoiesis in the yolk sac and definitive hematopoiesis in the fetal liver. We also describe mechanisms for developmental switches that occur during embryonic and fetal erythropoiesis and hematopoiesis, particularly focusing on recent studies performed in mice.
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Otsuka H, Takito J, Endo Y, Yagi H, Soeta S, Yanagisawa N, Nonaka N, Nakamura M. The expression of embryonic globin mRNA in a severely anemic mouse model induced by treatment with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate. BMC HEMATOLOGY 2016; 16:4. [PMID: 26877876 PMCID: PMC4751657 DOI: 10.1186/s12878-016-0041-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Mammalian erythropoiesis can be divided into two distinct types, primitive and definitive, in which new cells are derived from the yolk sac and hematopoietic stem cells, respectively. Primitive erythropoiesis occurs within a restricted period during embryogenesis. Primitive erythrocytes remain nucleated, and their hemoglobins are different from those in definitive erythrocytes. Embryonic type hemoglobin is expressed in adult animals under genetically abnormal condition, but its later expression has not been reported in genetically normal adult animals, even under anemic conditions. We previously reported that injecting animals with nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate (NBP) decreased erythropoiesis in bone marrow (BM). Here, we induced severe anemia in a mouse model by injecting NBP injection in combination with phenylhydrazine (PHZ), and then we analyzed erythropoiesis and the levels of different types of hemoglobin. Methods Splenectomized mice were treated with NBP to inhibit erythropoiesis in BM, and with PHZ to induce hemolytic anemia. We analyzed hematopoietic sites and peripheral blood using morphological and molecular biological methods. Results Combined treatment of splenectomized mice with NBP and PHZ induced critical anemia compared to treatment with PHZ alone, and numerous nucleated erythrocytes appeared in the peripheral blood. In the BM, immature CD71-positive erythroblasts were increased, and extramedullary erythropoiesis occurred in the liver. Furthermore, embryonic type globin mRNA was detected in both the BM and the liver. In peripheral blood, spots that did not correspond to control hemoglobin were observed in 2D electrophoresis. ChIP analyses showed that KLF1 and KLF2 bind to the promoter regions of β-like globin. Wine-colored capsuled structures were unexpectedly observed in the abdominal cavity, and active erythropoiesis was also observed in these structures. Conclusion These results indicate that primitive erythropoiesis occurs in adult mice to rescue critical anemia because primitive erythropoiesis does not require macrophages as stroma whereas macrophages play a pivotal role in definitive erythropoiesis even outside the medulla. The cells expressing embryonic hemoglobin in this study were similar to primitive erythrocytes, indicating the possibility that yolk sac-derived primitive erythroid cells may persist into adulthood in mice. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12878-016-0041-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotada Otsuka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Jiro Takito
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Yasuo Endo
- Division of Molecular Regulation, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8575 Japan
| | - Hideki Yagi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanamaru, Otawara-shi, Tochigi 324-8501 Japan
| | - Satoshi Soeta
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Nippon Veterinary and Animal Science University, 1-7-1 Kyonan-cho, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8602 Japan
| | - Nobuaki Yanagisawa
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Naoko Nonaka
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
| | - Masanori Nakamura
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8555 Japan
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He Z, Song D, van Zalen S, Russell JE. Structural determinants of human ζ-globin mRNA stability. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:35. [PMID: 24751163 PMCID: PMC3998057 DOI: 10.1186/1756-8722-7-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The normal accumulation of adult α and β globins in definitive erythrocytes is critically dependent upon processes that ensure that the cognate mRNAs are maintained at high levels in transcriptionally silent, but translationally active progenitor cells. The impact of these post-transcriptional regulatory events on the expression of embryonic ζ globin is not known, as its encoding mRNA is not normally transcribed during adult erythropoiesis. Recently, though, ζ globin has been recognized as a potential therapeutic for α thalassemia and sickle-cell disease, raising practical questions about constitutive post-transcriptional processes that may enhance, or possibly prohibit, the expression of exogenous or derepresssed endogenous ζ-globin genes in definitive erythroid progenitors. Methods The present study assesses mRNA half-life in intact cells using a pulse-chase approach; identifies cis-acting determinants of ζ-globin mRNA stability using a saturation mutagenesis strategy; establishes critical 3′UTR secondary structures using an in vitro enzymatic mapping method; and identifies trans-acting effector factors using an affinity chromatographical procedure. Results We specify a tetranucleotide 3′UTR motif that is required for the high-level accumulation of ζ-globin transcripts in cultured cells, and formally demonstrate that it prolongs their cytoplasmic half-lives. Surprisingly, the ζ-globin mRNA stability motif does not function autonomously, predicting an activity that is subject to structural constraints that we subsequently specify. Additional studies demonstrate that the ζ-globin mRNA stability motif is targeted by AUF1, a ubiquitous RNA-binding protein that enhances the half-life of adult β-globin mRNA, suggesting commonalities in post-transcriptional processes that regulate globin transcripts at all stages of mammalian development. Conclusions These data demonstrate a mechanism for ζ-globin mRNA stability that exists in definitive erythropoiesis and is available for therapeutic manipulation in α thalassemia and sickle-cell disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - J Eric Russell
- Department of Medicine (Hematology/Oncology), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Biomedical Research Building, Room 808, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Geifman-Holtzman O, Ober Berman J. Prenatal diagnosis: update on invasive versus noninvasive fetal diagnostic testing from maternal blood. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2009; 8:727-51. [PMID: 18999924 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.8.6.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The modern obstetrics care includes noninvasive prenatal diagnosis testing such as first trimester screening performed between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation and second trimester screening performed between 15 and 20 weeks. In these screening tests, biochemical markers are measured in the maternal blood with or without ultrasound for fetal nuchal translucency with reported accuracy of up to 90%. Invasive procedures, including amniocentesis or chorionic villi sampling, are used to achieve over 99% accuracy. During these procedures direct fetal material is examined and, therefore, these tests are highly accurate with the caveat of a small risk for pregnancy loss. Much research now focuses on other noninvasive highly accurate and risk-free tests that will identify fetal material in the maternal blood. Fetal cells and fetal DNA/RNA provide fetal information but are hard to find in an overwhelming background of maternal cells and in the absence of specific fetal cell markers. The most experience has been accumulated with fetal rhesus and fetal sex determination from maternal blood, with an accuracy of up to 100% by using gene sequences that are absent from maternal blood. Although not clinically applicable yet, fetal cells, fetal DNA/RNA and fetal proteomics in combination with cutting edge technology are described to prenatally diagnose aneuploidies and single-gene disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ossie Geifman-Holtzman
- Division of Reproductive Genetics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Russell JE. A post-transcriptional process contributes to efficient gamma-globin gene silencing in definitive erythroid cells. Eur J Haematol 2007; 79:516-25. [PMID: 17976188 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2007.00970.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The expression of human gamma globin is developmentally regulated through mechanisms that affect the transcriptional activity of its encoding gene. The current manuscript investigates whether the efficiency of this process might be enhanced though an unrecognized post-transcriptional event that defines the stability of gamma-globin mRNA. METHODS Experiments were conducted in vivo in transgenic mice expressing human gamma globin in their adult erythroid cells. The expression of gamma-globin protein was manipulated by breeding the transgene into animals producing different levels of endogenous mouse beta-globin. Changes in the expression of gamma globin were then correlated to measures of gamma-globin mRNA stability in vivo. RESULTS Human gamma globin was expressed at higher levels in thalassemic than in than non-thalassemic control transgenics, paralleling a highly significant increase in the stability of gamma-globin mRNA. Other molecular events-including possible transcriptional induction of the transgene, or an increase in the stability of the gamma-globin protein-did not appear to contribute to the observed increase in transgene expression. As anticipated, the stability of gamma-globin mRNA also fell in bitransgenic animals that co-expressed human beta-globin mRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our results are consistent with a model for dynamic post-transcriptional control of gamma-globin gene expression, through modulation of the stability of its encoding mRNA. Moreover, the stability of gamma-globin mRNA appears to be inversely related to ambient levels of co-expressed beta-globin mRNA. This data suggests that therapeutic gene-reactivation and/or gene-replacement therapies may be particularly effective in individuals with severe forms of beta-thalassemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Eric Russell
- Department of Medicine (Hematology-Oncology), University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Cai J, Chen J, Liu Y, Miura T, Luo Y, Loring JF, Freed WJ, Rao MS, Zeng X. Assessing self-renewal and differentiation in human embryonic stem cell lines. Stem Cells 2005; 24:516-30. [PMID: 16293578 PMCID: PMC1855239 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.2005-0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Like other cell populations, undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) express a characteristic set of proteins and mRNA that is unique to the cells regardless of culture conditions, number of passages, and methods of propagation. We sought to identify a small set of markers that would serve as a reliable indicator of the balance of undifferentiated and differentiated cells in hESC populations. Markers of undifferentiated cells should be rapidly downregulated as the cells differentiate to form embryoid bodies (EBs), whereas markers that are absent or low during the undifferentiated state but that are induced as hESCs differentiate could be used to assess the presence of differentiated cells in the cultures. In this paper, we describe a list of markers that reliably distinguish undifferentiated and differentiated cells. An initial list of approximately 150 genes was generated by scanning published massively parallel signature sequencing, expressed sequence tag scan, and microarray datasets. From this list, a subset of 109 genes was selected that included 55 candidate markers of undifferentiated cells, 46 markers of hESC derivatives, four germ cell markers, and four trophoblast markers. Expression of these candidate marker genes was analyzed in undifferentiated hESCs and differentiating EB populations in four different lines by immunocytochemistry, reverse transcription-polymer-ase chain reaction (RT-PCR), microarray analysis, and quantitative RT-PCR (qPCR). We show that qPCR, with as few as 12 selected genes, can reliably distinguish differentiated cells from undifferentiated hESC populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingli Cai
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, MD
| | - Jia Chen
- Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, MD
| | - Takumi Miura
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, MD
| | - Yongquan Luo
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, MD
| | - Jeanne F. Loring
- Program in Stem Cells and Regeneration, The Burnham Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - William J Freed
- Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, Baltimore, MD
| | - Mahendra S Rao
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Baltimore, MD
| | - Xianmin Zeng
- Cellular Neurobiology Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, DHHS, Baltimore, MD
- Buck Institute for Age Research, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA
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Lau ET, Kwok YK, Luo HY, Leung KY, Lee CP, Lam YH, Chui DHK, Tang MHY. Simple non-invasive prenatal detection of Hb Bart's disease by analysis of fetal erythrocytes in maternal blood. Prenat Diagn 2005; 25:123-8. [PMID: 15712347 DOI: 10.1002/pd.1096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate a simple non-invasive technique for early detection of Hemoglobin (Hb) Bart's disease. METHOD Maternal blood smears from 8 known Hb Bart's pregnancies and 40 at-risk pregnancies were investigated. Maternal peripheral blood smears were stained with fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibodies against alpha- and embryonic zeta-globin chains. RESULTS Fetal nonnucleated red blood cells, stained with anti-zeta but not with anti-alpha globin antibodies were found in 15 out of 16 affected pregnancies but were not detected in 23 out of 24 unaffected pregnancies. CONCLUSION Results showed that non-invasive immunofluorescence staining of maternal blood is a feasible approach for screening Hb Bart's disease before ultrasound manifestation in affected pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth T Lau
- Prenatal Diagnostic and Counselling Department, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Hong Kong.
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Mavrou A, Kolialexi A, Antsaklis A, Korantzis A, Metaxotou C. Identification of fetal nucleated red blood cells in the maternal circulation during pregnancy using anti-hemoglobin-epsilon antibody. Fetal Diagn Ther 2003; 18:309-13. [PMID: 12913339 DOI: 10.1159/000071971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2002] [Accepted: 08/15/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the use of anti-hemoglobin-epsilon antibody in order to identify fetal cells in the maternal circulation during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS 48 blood samples were obtained from pregnant women, 26 in the 1st trimester and 22 in the 2nd trimester. Magnetic activated cell sorting was used for fetal cell enrichment followed by immunophenotyping with a monoclonal antibody against hemoglobin-epsilon. FISH with X, Y and 21 chromosome-specific probes was performed in 29 cases. RESULTS The mean number of epsilon-positive cells was 9.2 (range 2-23) in the 1st trimester, 4.8 (range 3-13) in the 2nd trimester and 22 (range 15-28) in pregnancies with Down syndrome. No significant difference was noted in the number of epsilon-positive nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) isolated from carriers and noncarriers of beta-thalassemia. FISH analysis was successful in 24 cases. In 4 cases with known male fetuses, an average of 4.7 epsilon-positive cells showed a Y signal. In 4 cases with Down syndrome, all epsilon-positive cells showed 3 signals for chromosome 21. CONCLUSION Anti-hemoglobin-epsilon antibody has increased specificity for fetal NRBCs and should be preferentially used to improve noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities from fetal cells in maternal blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mavrou
- Medical Genetics, Athens University School of Medicine, Athens, Greece.
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Choolani M, Roberts I, Bennett PR, Fisk NM. Re: embryonic and fetal globins are expressed in adult erythroid progenitor cells and in erythroid cell cultures (Lau et al., Prenat Diagn 2001; 21: 529-539). Prenat Diagn 2002; 22:158-9. [PMID: 11857625 DOI: 10.1002/pd.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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13
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Lau E. Response to letter from Fisket al. Prenat Diagn 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Current Awareness. Prenat Diagn 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/pd.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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