1
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Verbeek CJR, Yapa PM. Influence of morphology on the dynamic and quasi‐static energy absorption of polylactic acid‐based lattice structures. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Priyal Madubhashana Yapa
- Plastics Centre of Excellence, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Auckland Auckland
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2
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Arrigo R, Malucelli G, Mantia FPL. Effect of the Elongational Flow on the Morphology and Properties of Polymer Systems: A Brief Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3529. [PMID: 34685288 PMCID: PMC8541082 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-processing operations with dominating elongational flow have a great relevance, especially in several relevant industrial applications. Film blowing, fiber spinning and foaming are some examples in which the polymer melt is subjected to elongational flow during processing. To gain a thorough knowledge of the material-processing behavior, the evaluation of the rheological properties of the polymers experiencing this kind of flow is fundamental. This paper reviews the main achievements regarding the processing-structure-properties relationships of polymer-based materials processed through different operations with dominating elongational flow. In particular, after a brief discussion on the theoretical features associated with the elongational flow and the differences with other flow regimes, the attention is focused on the rheological properties in elongation of the most industrially relevant polymers. Finally, the evolution of the morphology of homogeneous polymers, as well as of multiphase polymer-based systems, such as blends and micro- and nano-composites, subjected to the elongational flow is discussed, highlighting the potential and the unique characteristics of the processing operations based on elongation flow, as compared to their shear-dominated counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Arrigo
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (R.A.); (G.M.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulio Malucelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza Applicata e Tecnologia, Politecnico di Torino, Viale Teresa Michel 5, 15121 Alessandria, Italy; (R.A.); (G.M.)
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo La Mantia
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, Via Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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3
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Mohammadi RS, Zolali AM, Kim JH, Jalali A, Park CB. 3D fibrillated network of compatibilized linear low density polyethylene/polyamide with high melt strength and superior foamability. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Dadouche T, Yousfi M, Samuel C, Lacrampe M, Soulestin J. (Nano)Fibrillar morphology development in biobased poly(butylene
succinate‐co‐adipate
)/poly(amide‐11) blown films. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Dadouche
- Polymers and Composites Technology and Mechanical Engineering Department Institut Mines‐Télécom, IMT Lille Douai Douai France
| | - Mohamed Yousfi
- CNRS, UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, INSA Lyon Université de Lyon Villeurbanne France
| | - Cédric Samuel
- Polymers and Composites Technology and Mechanical Engineering Department Institut Mines‐Télécom, IMT Lille Douai Douai France
| | - Marie‐France Lacrampe
- Polymers and Composites Technology and Mechanical Engineering Department Institut Mines‐Télécom, IMT Lille Douai Douai France
| | - Jérémie Soulestin
- Polymers and Composites Technology and Mechanical Engineering Department Institut Mines‐Télécom, IMT Lille Douai Douai France
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5
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López GonzalezNúñez RG, Vázquez‐Fletes RC, Ortega‐Gudiño P, Vázquez‐Lepe MO, Rodrigue D, González‐Núñez R. Rotational molding of compatibilized PA6/LLDPE blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberto Carlos Vázquez‐Fletes
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Mexico
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CERMA Université Laval Quebec Canada
| | - Pedro Ortega‐Gudiño
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Mexico
| | | | - Denis Rodrigue
- Department of Chemical Engineering and CERMA Université Laval Quebec Canada
| | - Rubén González‐Núñez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química Universidad de Guadalajara Guadalajara Mexico
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6
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Kuzmanović M, Delva L, Cardon L, Ragaert K. Relationship between the Processing, Structure, and Properties of Microfibrillar Composites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2003938. [PMID: 33191562 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between processing, morphology, and properties of polymeric materials has been the subject of numerous studies of academic and industrial research. Finding an answer to this question might result in guidelines on how to design polymeric materials. Microfibrillar composites (MFCs) are an interesting class of polymer-polymer composites. The advantage of the MFC concept lies in developing in situ microfibrils by which a perfect homogeneous distribution of the reinforcement in the matrix can be achieved. Their potentially excellent mechanical properties are strongly dependent on the aspect ratio of the fibrils, which is developed through a three-stage production process: melt blending, fibrillation, and isotropization. During melt blending, the polymers undergo different morphological changes, such as a breakup and coalescence of the droplets, which play a crucial role in defining the microstructure. During processing, various parameters may affect the morphology of the MFCs, which must be taken into account. Besides the processing parameters, the microstructure of the composite is dependent on the composition ratio of the blend and viscosity of the components, as well as the dispersion and distribution of the microfibrils. The objective here is to outline this importance and bring together an overview of the processing-structure-property relationship for MFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Kuzmanović
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Laurens Delva
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Ludwig Cardon
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
| | - Kim Ragaert
- Centre for Polymer and Material Technologies, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Technologiepark 130, Zwijnaarde, 9052, Belgium
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7
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Kelnar I, Bal Ü, Zhigunov A, Kaprálková L, Fortelný I, Krejčíková S, Kredatusová J, Dybal J, Janata M, Nofar M. Nano‐modified HDPE/PA6 microfibrillar composites: Effect of aminated graphite platelets coupling. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kelnar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06, Praha Czech Republic
| | - Ümitcan Bal
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical EngineeringIstanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06, Praha Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kaprálková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06, Praha Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Fortelný
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06, Praha Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Krejčíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06, Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jana Kredatusová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06, Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Dybal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06, Praha Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Janata
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06, Praha Czech Republic
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical EngineeringIstanbul Technical University Maslak, Istanbul 34469 Turkey
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8
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El Hajj Sleiman G, Petit I, Allanic N, Belhabib S, Madec Y, Deterre R. Extension of Einstein's Law for Power‐Law Fluid to Describe a Suspension of Spherical Particles: Application to Recycled Polymer Flow. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghinwa El Hajj Sleiman
- Laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144Université – IUT de Nantes (site de Carquefou) Nantes 44475 France
| | - Isabelle Petit
- Laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144Université – IUT de Nantes (site de Carquefou) Nantes 44475 France
| | - Nadine Allanic
- Laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144Université – IUT de Nantes (site de Carquefou) Nantes 44475 France
| | - Sofiane Belhabib
- Laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144Université – IUT de Nantes (site de Carquefou) Nantes 44475 France
| | - Yannick Madec
- Laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144Université – IUT de Nantes (site de Carquefou) Nantes 44475 France
| | - Rémi Deterre
- Laboratoire GEPEA, UMR CNRS 6144Université – IUT de Nantes (site de Carquefou) Nantes 44475 France
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9
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Kelnar I, Bal Ü, Hodan J, Kaprálková L, Krejčíková S, Kotek J. Effect of graphite nanoplatelets on fracture behavior of HDPE/PA66 microfibrillar composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kelnar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Praha Czech Republic
| | - Ümitcan Bal
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Hodan
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Praha Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kaprálková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Praha Czech Republic
| | - Sabina Krejčíková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Praha Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Kotek
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry Czech Academy of Sciences Praha Czech Republic
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10
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Salehiyan R, Ray SS, Stadler FJ, Ojijo V. Rheology⁻Microstructure Relationships in Melt-Processed Polylactide/Poly(vinylidene Fluoride) Blends. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E2450. [PMID: 30513955 PMCID: PMC6317166 DOI: 10.3390/ma11122450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, small amplitude oscillatory shear tests are applied to investigate the rheological responses of polylactide/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PLA/PVDF) blends and to correlate their viscoelastic properties with the morphological evolutions during processing. Although the analysis of the elastic moduli reveals some changes as a function of blend composition and processing time, the weighted relaxation spectra are shown to be more useful in detecting changes. The analysis demonstrates that when PVDF, i.e., the more viscous phase, is the matrix, the blend relaxes cooperatively and only a single relaxation peak is observed. By contrast, blends with highly concentrated morphologies do not fully relax, showing instead an upward increasing trend at longer times. This outcome is attributed to the broad distribution of highly concentrated droplets with a high probability of droplet⁻droplet contacts. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) reveals that crystalline segmental motions attributed to the α-relaxation of PVDF at around 100 °C are restricted by the highly concentrated morphology of the 50/50 PLA/PVDF blend processed for 10 min. Relaxation analyses of the blends via dynamic oscillatory shear tests and DMA are shown to be powerful tools for investigating small microstructural changes in immiscible polymer blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Salehiyan
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Suprakas Sinha Ray
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Doorfontein, Johannesburg 2028, South Africa.
| | - Florian J Stadler
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Technology, Guandong Research Center for Interfacial Engineering of Functional Materials, Nanshan District Key Lab for Biopolymers and Safety Evaluation, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Vincent Ojijo
- DST-CSIR National Centre for Nanostructured Materials, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
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11
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Vásquez-Rendón M, Álvarez-Láinez ML. Tailoring the mechanical, thermal, and flammability properties of high-performance PEI/PBT blends exhibiting dual-phase continuity. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Decol M, Pachekoski WM, Becker D. Compatibilization and ultraviolet blocking of PLA/PCL blends via interfacial localization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marindia Decol
- Center of Technological Sciences; Santa Catarina State University; Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Wagner M. Pachekoski
- Mobility Engineering Department; Santa Catarina Federal University; Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Daniela Becker
- Center of Technological Sciences; Santa Catarina State University; Joinville Santa Catarina Brazil
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13
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Kelnar I, Kratochvíl J, Kaprálková L, Zhigunov A, Padovec Z, Růžička M, Nevoralová M. Antagonistic effects on mechanical properties of microfibrillar composites with dual reinforcement: Explanation by FEA model of soft interface. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kelnar
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kratochvíl
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Kaprálková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Alexander Zhigunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdeněk Padovec
- Department of Mechanics; Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Milan Růžička
- Department of Mechanics; Biomechanics and Mechatronics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Czech Technical University; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Martina Nevoralová
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Heyrovského nám. 2 162 06 Prague Czech Republic
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14
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Tran NHA, Brünig H, Auf der Landwehr M, Vogel R, Pionteck J, Heinrich G. Controlling micro- and nanofibrillar morphology of polymer blends in low-speed melt spinning process. Part II: Influences of extrusion rate on morphological changes of a PLA/PVA blend through a capillary die. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoai An Tran
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V; Hohe Straße 6 Dresden 01069 Germany
- Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, VNU-HCM; Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam
| | - Harald Brünig
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V; Hohe Straße 6 Dresden 01069 Germany
| | | | - Roland Vogel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V; Hohe Straße 6 Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Jürgen Pionteck
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V; Hohe Straße 6 Dresden 01069 Germany
| | - Gert Heinrich
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V; Hohe Straße 6 Dresden 01069 Germany
- Institut für Werkstoffwissenschaft; Technische Universität Dresden; Dresden 01062 Germany
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15
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Chen WC, Lai SM, Liao ZC. Properties and preparation of olefin block copolymer/thermoplastic polyurethane blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.43703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chih Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Chinese Culture University; Taipei 111 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sun-Mou Lai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; National I-Lan University; I-Lan 260 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zong-Ching Liao
- Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology; Chinese Culture University; Taipei 111 Taiwan, ROC
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16
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Vogt C, Endres HJ, Bühring J, Menzel H. Reduction of the elongation at break of thermoplastic polyolefins through melt blending with polylactide and the influence of the amount of compatibilizers and the viscosity ratios of the blend components on phase morphology and mechanics. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Vogt
- Research and Development; Benecke-Kaliko AG; Beneckeallee 40 Hannover D-30419
| | - Hans-Josef Endres
- Institute for Bioplastics and Biocomposites, Hochschule Hannover; Heisterbergallee 12 Hannover D-30453
| | - Jürgen Bühring
- Research and Development; Benecke-Kaliko AG; Beneckeallee 40 Hannover D-30419
| | - Henning Menzel
- Institut Für Technische Chemie, Abt. TC Makromolekularer Stoffe, Technische Universität Braunschweig; Hans-Sommer-Strasse 10 Braunschweig D-38106
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17
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Effect of layered silicates and reactive compatibilization on structure and properties of melt-drawn HDPE/PA6 microfibrillar composites. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Kakroodi AR, Kazemi Y, Ding W, Ameli A, Park CB. Poly(lactic acid)-Based in Situ Microfibrillar Composites with Enhanced Crystallization Kinetics, Mechanical Properties, Rheological Behavior, and Foaming Ability. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:3925-35. [PMID: 26536276 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.5b01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Melt blending is one of the most promising techniques for eliminating poly(lactic acid)'s (PLA) numerous drawbacks. However, success in a typical melt blending process is usually achieved through the inclusion of high concentrations of a second polymeric phase which can compromise PLA's green nature. In a pioneering study, we introduce the production of in situ microfibrillar PLA/polyamide-6 (PA6) blends as a cost-effective and efficient technique for improving PLA's properties while minimizing the required PA6 content. Predominantly biobased products, with only 3 wt % of in situ generated PA6 microfibrils (diameter ≈200 nm), were shown to have dramatically improved crystallization kinetics, mechanical properties, melt elasticity and strength, and foaming-ability compared with PLA. Crucially, the microfibrillar blends were produced using an environmentally friendly and cost-effective process. Both of these qualities are essential in guarantying the viability of the proposed technique for overcoming the obstacles associated with the vast commercialization of PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ramezani Kakroodi
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto , 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Yasamin Kazemi
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto , 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - WeiDan Ding
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto , 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Aboutaleb Ameli
- Advanced Composites Laboratory, School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University Tri-Cities , 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, Washington 99354, United States
| | - Chul B Park
- Microcellular Plastics Manufacturing Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto , 5 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G8, Canada
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Sangroniz L, Moncerrate MA, De Amicis VA, Palacios JK, Fernández M, Santamaria A, Sánchez JJ, Laoutid F, Dubois P, Müller AJ. The outstanding ability of nanosilica to stabilize dispersions of Nylon 6 droplets in a polypropylene matrix. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leire Sangroniz
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department; Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Marco Antonio Moncerrate
- Grupo de Polímeros USB; Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales; Universidad Simón Bolívar; Apartado 89000 Caracas 1080-A Venezuela
| | - Vladimir A. De Amicis
- Grupo de Polímeros USB; Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales; Universidad Simón Bolívar; Apartado 89000 Caracas 1080-A Venezuela
| | - Jordana K. Palacios
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department; Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Mercedes Fernández
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department; Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Antxon Santamaria
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department; Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
| | - Johan J. Sánchez
- Grupo de Polímeros USB; Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales; Universidad Simón Bolívar; Apartado 89000 Caracas 1080-A Venezuela
| | - Fouad Laoutid
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials; Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP); University of Mons (UMONS); Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Laboratory of Polymeric and Composite Materials; Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP); University of Mons (UMONS); Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Alejandro J. Müller
- POLYMAT and Polymer Science and Technology Department; Faculty of Chemistry; University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU; Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- Grupo de Polímeros USB; Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales; Universidad Simón Bolívar; Apartado 89000 Caracas 1080-A Venezuela
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science; Bilbao Spain
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20
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Drummer D, Medina-Hernández M, Drexler M, Wudy K. Polymer Powder Production for Laser Melting Through Immiscible Blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.01.332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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21
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Tran NHA, Brünig H, Boldt R, Heinrich G. Morphology development from rod-like to nanofibrillar structures of dispersed poly (lactic acid) phase in a binary blend with poly (vinyl alcohol) matrix along the spinline. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Rondin J, Bouquey M, Muller R, Serra CA, Martin G, Sonntag P. Dispersive mixing efficiency of an elongational flow mixer on PP/EPDM blends: Morphological analysis and correlation with viscoelastic properties. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jérôme Rondin
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies; EAc 4379; Université de Strasbourg, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux; 25 rue Becquerel F-67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Michel Bouquey
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies; EAc 4379; Université de Strasbourg, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux; 25 rue Becquerel F-67087 Strasbourg France
| | - René Muller
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies; EAc 4379; Université de Strasbourg, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux; 25 rue Becquerel F-67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Christophe A. Serra
- Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Polymères pour les Hautes Technologies; EAc 4379; Université de Strasbourg, Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux; 25 rue Becquerel F-67087 Strasbourg France
| | - Grégory Martin
- Hutchinson S.A., Centre de Recherches, Rue Gustave Nourry; BP31 F- 45120 Chalette-sur-Loing France
| | - Philippe Sonntag
- Hutchinson S.A., Centre de Recherches, Rue Gustave Nourry; BP31 F- 45120 Chalette-sur-Loing France
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Fambri L, Kolarik J, Pasqualini E, Penati A, Pegoretti A. Rheological Study on Polypropylene/Cycloolefin Copolymer Blends. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200850314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Effects of the blending sequence and interfacial agent on the morphology and mechanical properties of injection molded PC/PP Blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-007-0757-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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25
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Gururajan G, Froude V, Riutta S, Thomas A, Gao I, Samuels SL, Massouda DF, Weinberg M, Ogale AA. Effect of poly(ethylene methyl acrylate) copolymer on thermal, morphological, and mechanical properties of polypropylene copolymer blown films. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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26
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Tsou AH, Duvdevani I, Datta S. Green strength enhancement in BIIR/Olefin copolymer compounds. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.24745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Slouf M, Radonjic G, Hlavata D, Sikora A. Compatibilized iPP/aPS blends: The effect of the viscosity ratio of the components on the blends morphology. J Appl Polym Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/app.23571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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28
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Li ZM, Li LB, Shen KZ, Yang MB, Huang R. In-situ microfibrillar PET/iPP blend via slit die extrusion, hot stretching, and quenching: Influence of hot stretch ratio on morphology, crystallization, and crystal structure of iPP at a fixed PET concentration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Sundararaj U, Macosko CW, Shih CK. Evidence for inversion of phase continuity during morphology development in polymer blending. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.10572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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30
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Lee SY, Kim SC. Laminar morphology development and oxygen permeability of LDPE/EVOH blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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31
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Villarreal ME, Tapia M, Nuño-Donlucas SM, Puig JE, González-Núñez R. Mechanical properties of polystyrene/polyamide 6 blends compatibilized with the ionomer poly(styrene-co-sodium acrylate). J Appl Polym Sci 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/app.20219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Jang J, Lee DK. Oxygen barrier properties of biaxially oriented polypropylene/polyvinyl alcohol blend films. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2003.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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33
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Guschl PC, Otaigbe JU, Loong CK. Investigation of phase behavior during melt processing of novel inorganic-organic polymer hybrid material. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.20169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Huang HX, Huang YF, Yang SL. Developing laminar morphology in higher-viscosity-ratio polyblends by controlling flow fields in a single-screw extruder. POLYM INT 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Elkovitch MD, Tomasko DL. Effect of supercritical carbon dioxide on morphology development during polymer blending. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Karami A, Balke ST. Polymer blend de-mixing and morphology development of immiscible polymer blends during tube flow. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Elkovitch MD, Tomasko DL, Lee LJ. Supercritical carbon dioxide assisted blending of polystyrene and poly(methyl methyacrylate). POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Li ZM, Yang W, Li LB, Xie BH, Huang R, Yang MB. Morphology and nonisothermal crystallization ofin situ microfibrillar poly(ethylene terephthalate)/polypropylene blend fabricated through slit-extrusion, hot-stretch quenching. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Migler KB, Hobbie EK, Qiao F. In line study of droplet deformation in polymer blends in channel flow. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.11616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Monticciolo A, Cassagnau P, Michel A. Fibrillar morphology development of PE/PBT blends: Rheology and solvent permeability. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.10358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Rodriguez-Gonzalez FJ, Virgilio N, Ramsay BA, Favis BD. Influence of melt drawing on the morphology of one- and two-step processed LDPE/thermoplastic starch blends. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.10057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Huang WY, Shen JW, Chen XM, Chen HY. Factors influencing the fiberization and mechanical properties of polypropylene/polyamide 66in situ composites. POLYM INT 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Determination of a limiting dispersed phase concentration for coalescence in PA6/HDPE blends under extensional flow. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yeo JH, Lee CH, Park CS, Lee KJ, Nam JD, Kim SW. Rheological, morphological, mechanical, and barrier properties of PP/EVOH blends. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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45
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Walia P, Lawton J, Shogren R, Felker F. Effect of moisture level on the morphology and melt flow behavior of thermoplastic starch/poly(hydroxy ester ether) blends. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00149-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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COMPATIBILIZATION CRITERIA AND PROCEDURES FOR BINARY BLENDS: A REVIEW. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 1997. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng.1997.17.6.429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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48
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Benderly D, Siegmann A, Narkis M. STRUCTURE AND BEHAVIOR OF MULTICOMPONENT IMMISCIBLE POLYMER BLENDS. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 1997. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng.1997.17.6.461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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49
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González-Núnez R, De Kee D, Favis B. The influence of coalescence on the morphology of the minor phase in melt-drawn polyamide-6/HDPE blends. POLYMER 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(96)00318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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50
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Sundararaj U, Dori Y, Macosko CW. Sheet formation in immiscible polymer blends: model experiments on initial blend morphology. POLYMER 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(95)91438-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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