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Ammirati E, Cannistraci CV, Cristell NA, Vecchio V, Palini AG, Tornvall P, Paganoni AM, Miendlarzewska EA, Sangalli LM, Monello A, Pernow J, Björnstedt Bennermo M, Marenzi G, Hu D, Uren NG, Cianflone D, Ravasi T, Manfredi AA, Maseri A. Identification and Predictive Value of Interleukin-6
+
Interleukin-10
+
and Interleukin-6
−
Interleukin-10
+
Cytokine Patterns in ST-Elevation Acute Myocardial Infarction. Circ Res 2012; 111:1336-48. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.111.262477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Rationale:
At the onset of ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), patients can present with very high circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6
+
) levels or very low-IL-6
–
levels.
Objective:
We compared these 2 groups of patients to understand whether it is possible to define specific STEMI phenotypes associated with outcome based on the cytokine response.
Methods and Results:
We compared 109 patients with STEMI in the top IL-6 level (median, 15.6 pg/mL; IL-6
+
STEMI) with 96 in the bottom IL-6 level (median, 1.7 pg/mL; IL-6
−
STEMI) and 103 matched controls extracted from the multiethnic First Acute Myocardial Infarction study. We found minimal clinical differences between IL-6
+
STEMI and IL-6
−
STEMI. We assessed the inflammatory profiles of the 2 STEMI groups and the controls by measuring 18 cytokines in blood samples. We exploited clustering analysis algorithms to infer the functional modules of interacting cytokines. IL-6
+
STEMI patients were characterized by the activation of 2 modules of interacting signals comprising IL-10, IL-8, macrophage inflammatory protein-1α, and C-reactive protein, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and monokine induced by interferon-γ. IL-10 was increased both in IL-6
+
STEMI and IL-6
−
STEMI patients compared with controls. IL-6
+
IL-10
+
STEMI patients had an increased risk of systolic dysfunction at discharge and an increased risk of death at 6 months in comparison with IL-6
−
IL-10
+
STEMI patients. We combined IL-10 and monokine induced by interferon-γ (derived from the 2 identified cytokine modules) with IL-6 in a formula yielding a risk index that outperformed any single cytokine in the prediction of systolic dysfunction and death.
Conclusions:
We have identified a characteristic circulating inflammatory cytokine pattern in STEMI patients, which is not related to the extent of myocardial damage. The simultaneous elevation of IL-6 and IL-10 levels distinguishes STEMI patients with worse clinical outcomes from other STEMI patients. These observations could have potential implications for risk-oriented patient stratification and immune-modulating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Ammirati
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Carlo V. Cannistraci
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Nicole A. Cristell
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Viviana Vecchio
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Alessio G. Palini
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Per Tornvall
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Anna M. Paganoni
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Ewa A. Miendlarzewska
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Laura M. Sangalli
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Alberto Monello
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - John Pernow
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Marie Björnstedt Bennermo
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Giancarlo Marenzi
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Dayi Hu
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Neal G. Uren
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Domenico Cianflone
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Timothy Ravasi
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Angelo A. Manfredi
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
| | - Attilio Maseri
- From the Clinical Cardiovascular Biology Centre (E.A., N.A.C., A.M., D.C.), Proteome Biochemistry Unit (C.V.C.), Flow Cytometry Resource Analytical Cytology Technical Applications Laboratory (V.V., A.G.P.), and Autoimmunity and Vascular Inflammation Unit (A.A.M.), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; MOX, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy (A.M.P., L.M.S.); Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS University of Milan,
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