1
|
Suslick BA, Hemmer J, Groce BR, Stawiasz KJ, Geubelle PH, Malucelli G, Mariani A, Moore JS, Pojman JA, Sottos NR. Frontal Polymerizations: From Chemical Perspectives to Macroscopic Properties and Applications. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3237-3298. [PMID: 36827528 PMCID: PMC10037337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and processing of most thermoplastics and thermoset polymeric materials rely on energy-inefficient and environmentally burdensome manufacturing methods. Frontal polymerization is an attractive, scalable alternative due to its exploitation of polymerization heat that is generally wasted and unutilized. The only external energy needed for frontal polymerization is an initial thermal (or photo) stimulus that locally ignites the reaction. The subsequent reaction exothermicity provides local heating; the transport of this thermal energy to neighboring monomers in either a liquid or gel-like state results in a self-perpetuating reaction zone that provides fully cured thermosets and thermoplastics. Propagation of this polymerization front continues through the unreacted monomer media until either all reactants are consumed or sufficient heat loss stalls further reaction. Several different polymerization mechanisms support frontal processes, including free-radical, cat- or anionic, amine-cure epoxides, and ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The choice of monomer, initiator/catalyst, and additives dictates how fast the polymer front traverses the reactant medium, as well as the maximum temperature achievable. Numerous applications of frontally generated materials exist, ranging from porous substrate reinforcement to fabrication of patterned composites. In this review, we examine in detail the physical and chemical phenomena that govern frontal polymerization, as well as outline the existing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Suslick
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Julie Hemmer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brecklyn R Groce
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 United States
| | - Katherine J Stawiasz
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Philippe H Geubelle
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Giulio Malucelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Alberto Mariani
- Department of Chemical, Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Jeffrey S Moore
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - John A Pojman
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803 United States
| | - Nancy R Sottos
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gao Y, Li S, Kim JY, Hoffman I, Vyas SK, Pojman JA, Geubelle PH. Anisotropic frontal polymerization in a model resin-copper composite. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2022; 32:013109. [PMID: 35105137 DOI: 10.1063/5.0077552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work investigates experimentally and numerically frontal polymerization in a thermally anisotropic system with parallel copper strips embedded in 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate resin. Both experiments and multiphysics finite element analyses reveal that the front propagation in the thermally anisotropic system is orientation-dependent, leading to variations in the front shape and the front velocity due to the different front-metal strip interaction mechanisms along and across the metal strips. The parameters entering the cure kinetics model used in this work are chosen to capture the key characteristics of the polymerization front, i.e., the front temperature and velocity. Numerical parametric analyses demonstrate that the front velocity in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the metal strips increases as the system size decreases and approaches the analytical prediction for homogenized systems. A two-dimensional homogenized model for anisotropic frontal polymerization in the metal-resin system is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Sarah Li
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Jin-Young Kim
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Imogen Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Sagar K Vyas
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - John A Pojman
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Philippe H Geubelle
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao Y, Dearborn MA, Hemmer J, Wang Z, Esser-Kahn AP, Geubelle PH. Controllable Frontal Polymerization and Spontaneous Patterning Enabled by Phase-Changing Particles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102217. [PMID: 34528371 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Frontal polymerization provides a rapid, economic, and environmentally friendly methodology to manufacture thermoset polymers and composites. Despite its efficiency and reduced environmental impact, the manufacturing method is underutilized due to the limited fundamental understanding of its dynamic control. This work reports the control and patterning of the front propagation in a dicyclopentadiene resin by immersion of phase-changing polycaprolactone particles. Predictive and designed patterning is enabled by multiphysical numerical analyses, which reveal that the interplay between endothermic phase transition, exothermic chemical reaction, and heat exchange govern the temperature, velocity, and propagation path of the front via two different interaction regimes. To pattern the front, one can vary the size and spacing between the particles and increase the number of propagating fronts, resulting in tunable physical patterns formed due to front separation and merging near the particles. Both single- and double-frontal polymerization experiments in an open mold are performed. The results confirm the front-particle interaction mechanisms and the shapes of the patterns explored numerically. The present study offers a fundamental understanding of frontal polymerization in the presence of heat-absorbing second-phase materials and proposes a potential one-step manufacturing method for precisely patterned polymeric and composite materials without masks, molds, or printers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Mason A Dearborn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Julie Hemmer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhao Wang
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Aaron P Esser-Kahn
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Philippe H Geubelle
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao Y, Shaon F, Kumar A, Bynum S, Gary D, Sharp D, Pojman JA, Geubelle PH. Rapid frontal polymerization achieved with thermally conductive metal strips. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2021; 31:073113. [PMID: 34340327 DOI: 10.1063/5.0052821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Frontal polymerization, which involves a self-propagating polymerizing reaction front, has been considered as a rapid, energy-efficient, and environmentally friendly methodology to manufacture lightweight, high-performance thermoset polymers, and composites. Previous work has reported that the introduction of thermally conductive elements can enhance the front velocity. As follow-up research, the present work investigates this problem more systemically using both numerical and experimental approaches by investigating the front shape, front width, and heat exchange when aluminum and cooper metal strips are embedded in the resin. The study reveals that the enhancement in the front velocity is mainly due to a preheating effect associated with the conductive element. Moreover, the numerical parametric study for the system size shows that the front speed increases as the system size decreases, ultimately approaching a prediction provided by a homogenized model for polymer-metal composites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Fahima Shaon
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Samuel Bynum
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Daniel Gary
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - David Sharp
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - John A Pojman
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
| | - Philippe H Geubelle
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tsegay NM, Du XY, Ma K, Li Q, Wang CF, Chen S. Infrared laser-ignited horizontal frontal polymerization of versatile unsaturated polyester resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nigus Mesele Tsegay
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Kangzhe Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim B, Kim HG, Shim GY, Park JS, Joo KI, Lee DJ, Lee JH, Baek JH, Kim BK, Choi Y, Kim HR. Fast-switching optically isotropic liquid crystal nano-droplets with improved depolarization and Kerr effect by doping high k nanoparticles. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:119-129. [PMID: 29328155 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We proposed and analyzed an optically isotropic nano-droplet liquid crystal (LC) doped with high k nanoparticles (NPs), exhibiting enhanced Kerr effects, which could be operated with reduced driving voltages. For enhancing the contrast ratio together with the light efficiencies, the LC droplet sizes were adjusted to be shorter than the wavelength of visible light to reduce depolarization effects by optical scattering of the LC droplets. Based on the optical analysis of the depolarization effects, the influence of the relationship between the LC droplet size and the NP doping ratio on the Kerr effect change was investigated.
Collapse
|
7
|
Du XY, Shen J, Zhang J, Ling L, Wang CF, Chen S. Generation of a carbon dots/ammonium persulfate redox initiator couple for free radical frontal polymerization. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01969f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We report a new redox initiator couple of ammonium persulfate (APS)/carbon dots (CDs) with high initiation efficiency used in frontal polymerization (FP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University (former Nanjing University of Technology)
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials
| | - Juncai Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University (former Nanjing University of Technology)
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University (former Nanjing University of Technology)
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials
| | - Luting Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University (former Nanjing University of Technology)
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University (former Nanjing University of Technology)
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University (former Nanjing University of Technology)
- Nanjing 210009
- P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Functional Polymer Materials
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sharma V, Kumar P, Sharma A, Chinky, Raina KK. Droplet configuration control with orange azo dichroic dye in polymer dispersed liquid crystal for advanced electro-optic characteristics. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
9
|
Du XY, Liu SS, Wang CF, Wu G, Chen S. Facile synthesis of self-healing gel via magnetocaloric bottom-ignited frontal polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; No. 5 Xin Mofan Road Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Si Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; No. 5 Xin Mofan Road Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; No. 5 Xin Mofan Road Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Guan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; No. 5 Xin Mofan Road Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemical Engineering; Nanjing Tech University; No. 5 Xin Mofan Road Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu Y, Wang CF, Chen S. Facile access to poly(DMAEMA-co-AA) hydrogels via infrared laser-ignited frontal polymerization and their polymerization in the horizontal direction. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra01366f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
pH sensitive hydrogels are fabricated via infrared laser-ignited frontal polymerization (LIFP), and LIFP in the horizontal direction is employed towards dye adsorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University (formerly: Nanjing University of Technology)
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University (formerly: Nanjing University of Technology)
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Nanjing Tech University (formerly: Nanjing University of Technology)
- Nanjing
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yoo SH, Park MK, Park JS, Kim HR. Enhanced Adhesion and Transmittance Uniformity in Laminated Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3807/josk.2014.18.6.753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
12
|
Facile synthesis of 4-vinylpyridine-based hydrogels via laser-ignited frontal polymerization and their performance on ion removal. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3279-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
13
|
Shao H, Wang CF, Chen S, Xu C. Fast fabrication of superabsorbent polyampholytic nanocomposite hydrogels via plasma-ignited frontal polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Technology; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Feng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Technology; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering; College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Nanjing University of Technology; Nanjing 210009 People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; School of Life Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Illescas J, Sanna R, Alzari V, Nuvoli D, Casu M, Sanna R, Rivera E, Mariani A. Organic-inorganic interpenetrating polymer networks and hybrid polymer materials prepared by frontal polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Illescas
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito exterior S/N. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan 04510 México DF
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università di Sassari; Local INSTM Unit Sassari 07100 Italy
| | - Roberta Sanna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università di Sassari; Local INSTM Unit Sassari 07100 Italy
| | - Valeria Alzari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università di Sassari; Local INSTM Unit Sassari 07100 Italy
| | - Daniele Nuvoli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università di Sassari; Local INSTM Unit Sassari 07100 Italy
| | - Mariano Casu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche; Università di Cagliari; Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; Monserrato 09042 Italy
| | - Roberta Sanna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche; Università di Cagliari; Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato; Monserrato 09042 Italy
| | - Ernesto Rivera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Circuito exterior S/N. Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan 04510 México DF
| | - Alberto Mariani
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università di Sassari; Local INSTM Unit Sassari 07100 Italy
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
High performance of interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels induced by frontal polymerization. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-2924-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
17
|
Gao Y, Song P, Zhang T, Yao W, Ding H, Xiao J, Zhu S, Cao H, Yang H. Effects of a triethylamine catalyst on curing time and electro-optical properties of PDLC films. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra44397c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
18
|
Park JH, Kim BK. High-performance holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals by incorporating hyperbranched polymers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
19
|
Zhou J, Tang WQ, Wang CF, Chen L, Chen Q, Chen S. In situ access to white light-emitting fluorescent polymer nanocomposites via plasma-ignited frontal polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
Effects of prepolymer structure in holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
21
|
Kim BK, Jang MW, Park HC, Jeong HM, Kim EY. Effect of graphene doping of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
22
|
Yu C, Zhou J, Wang CF, Chen L, Chen S. Rapid synthesis of poly(HPA-co
-VeoVa 10) amphiphilic gels toward removal of toxic solvents via plasma-ignited frontal polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
23
|
Liu SS, Yu ZY, Fang Y, Yin SN, Wang CF, Chen L, Chen S. A facile pathway for the fast synthesis of colloidal crystal-loaded hydrogels via frontal polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
24
|
Rigolini J, Bombled F, Ehrenfeld F, El Omari K, Le Guer Y, Grassl B. 2D-Infrared Thermography Monitoring of Ultrasound-Assisted Polymerization of Water-Soluble Monomer in a Gel Process. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200706j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Rigolini
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche Environnement et Matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254), Equipe de Physique et Chimie des Polymères (EPCP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Hélioparc, Avenue P. Angot, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Florine Bombled
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche Environnement et Matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254), Equipe de Physique et Chimie des Polymères (EPCP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Hélioparc, Avenue P. Angot, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Francis Ehrenfeld
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche Environnement et Matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254), Equipe de Physique et Chimie des Polymères (EPCP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Hélioparc, Avenue P. Angot, 64000 Pau, France
| | - Kamal El Omari
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Electrique (SIAME), Fédération IPRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Bat. D'Alembert, rue Jules Ferry, BP 7511, 64075 Pau Cedex, France
| | - Yves Le Guer
- Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur Appliquées à la Mécanique et au Génie Electrique (SIAME), Fédération IPRA, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Bat. D'Alembert, rue Jules Ferry, BP 7511, 64075 Pau Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Grassl
- Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche Environnement et Matériaux (IPREM UMR 5254), Equipe de Physique et Chimie des Polymères (EPCP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Hélioparc, Avenue P. Angot, 64000 Pau, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Tu J, Zhou J, Wang CF, Zhang Q, Chen S. Facile synthesis of N-vinylimidazole-based hydrogels via frontal polymerization and investigation of their performance on adsorption of copper ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
26
|
Scognamillo S, Alzari V, Nuvoli D, Mariani A. Thermoresponsive super water absorbent hydrogels prepared by frontal polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
27
|
Frontal polymerization synthesis and drug delivery behavior of thermo-responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel. Colloid Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-010-2224-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
28
|
Tu J, Chen L, Fang Y, Wang C, Chen S. Facile synthesis of amphiphilic gels by frontal free-radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
29
|
Yu H, Fang Y, Chen L, Chen S. Investigation of redox initiators for free radical frontal polymerization. POLYM INT 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
30
|
Mariani A, Fiori S, Bidali S, Alzari V, Malucelli G. Frontal polymerization of diurethane diacrylates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mariani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, UdR INSTM, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Stefano Fiori
- R&D Department, Condensia Quimica SA, C/ La Cierva 8, 08184 Palau de Plegamans (BCN), Spain
| | - Simone Bidali
- Dipartimento di Chimica, UdR INSTM, Università di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Valeria Alzari
- Materials Engineering Centre, UdR INSTM, NIPLAB, Università di Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy
| | - Giulio Malucelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali ed Ingegneria Chimica, and local INSTM Research Unit, Politecnico di Torino, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
|
32
|
Synthesis of poly(N-methylolacrylamide)/polymethylacrylamide hybrids via frontal free-radical polymerization. Colloid Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-006-1635-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
33
|
Chen L, Hu T, Yu H, Chen S, Pojman JA. First solvent-free synthesis of poly(N-methylolacrylamide) via frontal free-radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
34
|
Mariani A, Bidali S, Caria G, Monticelli O, Russo S, Kenny JM. Synthesis and characterization of epoxy resin-montmorillonite nanocomposites obtained by frontal polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Chen S, Hu T, Tian Y, Chen L, Pojman JA. Facile synthesis of poly(hydroxyethyl acrylate) by frontal free-radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
37
|
Mariani A, Alzari V, Monticelli O, Pojman JA, Caria G. Polymeric nanocomposites containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes prepared via frontal polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
38
|
|
39
|
Crivello JV. Design and synthesis of multifunctional glycidyl ethers that undergo frontal polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
40
|
Hu T, Chen S, Tian Y, Pojman JA, Chen L. Frontal free-radical copolymerization of urethane–acrylates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
41
|
Lewis LL, DeBisschop CS, Pojman JA, Volpert VA. Isothermal frontal polymerization: Confirmation of the mechanism and determination of factors affecting the front velocity, front shape, and propagation distance with comparison to mathematical modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
42
|
|
43
|
Mariani A, Bidali S, Fiori S, Sangermano M, Malucelli G, Bongiovanni R, Priola A. UV-ignited frontal polymerization of an epoxy resin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
44
|
Crivello JV, Falk B, Zonca MR. Photoinduced cationic ring-opening frontal polymerizations of oxetanes and oxiranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
45
|
Kim JW, Lee KS, Ju HK, Ryu JH, Han SH, Chang IS, Kang HH, Oh SG, Suh KD. Microencapsulation of cholesteryl alkanoate by polymerization-induced phase separation and its association with drugs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|