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Wang Y, Wang Y, Tang M, Wang Y, Zhang F, Zhao R, Zhao Y, Liu Z. Polyarene Oxides with Tunable Quinone Units for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction: A Simple Strategy toward Effective and Selective Catalysts. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:6026-6034. [PMID: 38451161 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals is a challenging process that requires effective and selective catalysts. However, most polymer-based photocatalysts with electron donor-acceptor (D-A) structures are synthesized with a fixed D-A ratio by using expensive monomers. Herein, we report a simple strategy to prepare polyarene oxides (PAOs) with quinone structural units via oxidation treatment of polyarene (PA). The resultant PAOs show tunable D-A structures and electronic band positions depending on the degree of oxidation, which can catalyze the photoreduction of CO2 with water under visible light irradiation, generating CO as the sole carbonaceous product without H2 generation. Especially, the PAO with an oxygen content of 17.6% afforded the highest CO production rate of 161.9 μmol g-1 h-1. It is verified that the redox transformation between quinone and phenolic hydroxyl in PAOs achieves CO2 photoreduction coupled with water oxidation. This study provides a facile way to access conjugated polymers with a tunable D-A structure and demonstrates that the resultant PAOs are promising photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuepeng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yiding Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Minhao Tang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yusi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Fengtao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Runyao Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanfei Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Center for Carbon Neutral Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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Manaenkov O, Nikoshvili L, Bykov A, Kislitsa O, Grigoriev M, Sulman M, Matveeva V, Kiwi-Minsker L. An Overview of Heterogeneous Catalysts Based on Hypercrosslinked Polystyrene for the Synthesis and Transformation of Platform Chemicals Derived from Biomass. Molecules 2023; 28:8126. [PMID: 38138614 PMCID: PMC10745566 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Platform chemicals, also known as chemical building blocks, are substances that serve as starting materials for the synthesis of various value-added products, which find a wide range of applications. These chemicals are the key ingredients for many fine and specialty chemicals. Most of the transformations of platform chemicals are catalytic processes, which should meet the requirements of sustainable chemistry: to be not toxic for humans, to be safe for the environment, and to allow multiple reuses of catalytic materials. This paper presents an overview of a new class of heterogeneous catalysts based on nanoparticles of catalytically active metals stabilized by a polymer matrix of hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HPS). This polymeric support is characterized by hierarchical porosity (including meso- and macropores along with micropores), which is important both for the formation of metal nanoparticles and for efficient mass transfer of reactants. The influence of key parameters such as the morphology of nanoparticles (bimetallic versus monometallic) and the presence of functional groups in the polymer matrix on the catalytic properties is considered. Emphasis is placed on the use of this class of heterogeneous catalysts for the conversion of plant polysaccharides into polyols (sorbitol, mannitol, and glycols), hydrogenation of levulinic acid, furfural, oxidation of disaccharides, and some other reactions that might be useful for large-scale industrial processes that aim to be sustainable. Some challenges related to the use of HPS-based catalysts are addressed and multiple perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Manaenkov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Linda Nikoshvili
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Alexey Bykov
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Olga Kislitsa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Maxim Grigoriev
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Mikhail Sulman
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Valentina Matveeva
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
| | - Lioubov Kiwi-Minsker
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Standardization, Tver State Technical University, 170026 Tver, Russia; (O.M.); (L.N.); (A.B.); (O.K.); (M.G.); (M.S.); (V.M.)
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC-FSB-EPFL, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Li Y, Liu J, Kong J, Qi N, Chen Z. Role of ultramicropores in the remarkable gas storage in hypercrosslinked polystyrene networks studied by positron annihilation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:13603-13611. [PMID: 34114590 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01867a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HCLPS) networks were synthesized by radical bulk polymerization and Friedel-Crafts alkylation reactions using vinylbenzyl-co-divinylbenzene chloride (VBC-DVB) as the precursors. A series of HCLPS was prepared with varying content of DVB from 0 to 10% in the precursor. Both N2 adsorption and positron annihilation measurements reveal micropores in the HCLPS. Especially, the existence of ultramicropores with a size in the range of 0.63-0.7 nm is confirmed by positron lifetime measurements. With increasing DVB content from 0 to 10%, the number of ultramicropores shows a gradual increase. Both the H2 and CO2 adsorption capacity increase monotonously with the increase of the DVB content. With 10% DVB in the HCLPS, the H2 storage increases to 10.3 mmol g-1 (2.05 wt%) at 77 K and 1 bar and the CO2 capture reaches 2.81 mmol g-1 (12.4 wt%) at 273 K and 1 bar. The remarkable gas storage ability is ascribed to the existence of the ultramicropores, which result in a stronger affinity to the gas molecules. By using positrons as a new probe for the pores, our results provide convincing evidence of the role of ultramicropores in the gas adsorption performance in microporous organic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Li
- Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Junjie Liu
- Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Ning Qi
- Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
| | - Zhiquan Chen
- Hubei Nuclear Solid Physics Key Laboratory, Department of Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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James AM, Reynolds J, Reed DG, Styring P, Dawson R. A Pressure Swing Approach to Selective CO 2 Sequestration Using Functionalized Hypercrosslinked Polymers. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14071605. [PMID: 33806093 PMCID: PMC8036798 DOI: 10.3390/ma14071605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) with surface areas between 213 and 1124 m2/g based on a range of monomers containing different chemical moieties were evaluated for CO2 capture using a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) methodology under humid conditions and elevated temperatures. The networks demonstrated rapid CO2 uptake reaching maximum uptakes in under 60 s. The most promising networks demonstrating the best selectivity and highest uptakes were applied to a pressure swing setup using simulated flue gas streams. The carbazole, triphenylmethanol and triphenylamine networks were found to be capable of converting a dilute CO2 stream (>20%) into a concentrated stream (>85%) after only two pressure swing cycles from 20 bar (adsorption) to 1 bar (desorption). This work demonstrates the ease with which readily synthesized functional porous materials can be successfully applied to a pressure swing methodology and used to separate CO2 from N2 from industrially applicable simulated gas streams under more realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M. James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK; (A.M.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Jake Reynolds
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK; (A.M.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Daniel G. Reed
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3DJ, UK; (D.G.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Peter Styring
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Sheffield, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3DJ, UK; (D.G.R.); (P.S.)
| | - Robert Dawson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK; (A.M.J.); (J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-114-222-9357
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5
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Application of Crosslinked Polybenzimidazole-Poly(Vinyl Benzyl Chloride) Anion Exchange Membranes in Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10110349. [PMID: 33212912 PMCID: PMC7698426 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10110349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Crosslinked membranes have been synthesized by a casting process using polybenzimidazole (PBI) and poly(vinyl benzyl chloride) (PVBC). The membranes were quaternized with 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) to obtain fixed positive quaternary ammonium groups. XPS analysis has showed insights into the changes from crosslinked to quaternized membranes, demonstrating that the crosslinking reaction and the incorporation of DABCO have occurred, while the 13C-NMR corroborates the reaction of DABCO with PVBC only by one nitrogen atom. Mechanical properties were evaluated, obtaining maximum stress values around 72 MPa and 40 MPa for crosslinked and quaternized membranes, respectively. Resistance to oxidative media was also satisfactory and the membranes were evaluated in single direct ethanol fuel cell. PBI-c-PVBC/OH 1:2 membrane obtained 66 mW cm−2 peak power density, 25% higher than commercial PBI membranes, using 0.5 bar backpressure of pure O2 in the cathode and 1 mL min−1 KOH 2M EtOH 2 M aqueous solution in the anode. When the pressure was increased, the best performance was obtained by the same membrane, reaching 70 mW cm−2 peak power density at 2 bar O2 backpressure. Based on the characterization and single cell performance, PBI-c-PVBC/OH membranes are considered promising candidates as anion exchange electrolytes for direct ethanol fuel cells.
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Ramezani MS, Ozdemir J, Khosropour AR, Beyzavi H. Sulfur-Decorated Hyper-Cross-Linked Coal Tar: A Microporous Organic Polymer for Efficient and Expeditious Mercury Removal. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:44117-44124. [PMID: 32930561 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hyper-cross-linked microporous organic polymers are a class of porous materials that have captured widespread attention owing to their high surface areas and wide range of monomeric sources. Balancing economy with performance is the initial hurdle when designing effective hyper-cross-linked microporous organic polymers. Herein, we demonstrated an inexpensive sulfurated solvent-knitted hyper-cross-linked microporous polymer scaffold, named sulfur-decorated hyper-cross-linked coal tar (CTHP-SES), utilizing coal tar as an aromatic monomer with numerous positions for potential chelation of toxic metals, particularly mercury, from water. The resulting material illustrated selective adsorption of mercury from both water (1037 mg g-1) and the gas phase (416 mg g-1) with rapid kinetics (183.67 mg min-1 g-1), good recyclability (4 runs), and excellent stability under both strong basic and acidic conditions. CTHP-SES was able to reduce the concentration of the Hg(II) solution from 1 mg L-1 to 32 μg L-1 after 10 min due in part to the promising distribution coefficient (Kd = 2.371 × 106 mL g-1). These results show that CTHP-SES offers a promising and practical platform to cope with a variety of environmental contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sadegh Ramezani
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
| | - John Ozdemir
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Ahmad R Khosropour
- Department of Chemistry, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Hudson Beyzavi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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Shaipulizan NS, Md Jamil SNA, Kamaruzaman S, Subri NNS, Adeyi AA, Abdullah AH, Abdullah LC. Preparation of Ethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (EGDMA)-Based Terpolymer as Potential Sorbents for Pharmaceuticals Adsorption. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E423. [PMID: 32059354 PMCID: PMC7077665 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) is used as a crosslinker in poly(acrylonitrile (AN)-co-vinylbenzyl chloride (VBC)) to investigate the effect of long-chain crosslinker to the porosity of the terpolymer system. Poly(AN-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) is synthesized by using precipitation polymerization method and further hypercrosslinked by Friedel-Crafts reaction. FT-IR spectra of poly(AN-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) show that the absorption bands at ~1290 cm-1 that are assigned to the C-Cl vibrations are almost disappeared in hypercrosslinked (HXL) poly(AN-co-EGDMA-co-VBC) polymers, confirming that the hypercrosslinking reaction is successful. SEM images show that the morphologies of the polymers are retained through the hypercrosslinking reactions. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis shows that hypercrosslinked polymers had a specific surface area up to 59 m2·g-1. The preliminary performance of the terpolymer adsorbent to capture polar analyte is evaluated by adsorbing salicylic acid and mefenamic acid from aqueous solution in a batch system. The maximum adsorption capacity of salicylic acid and mefenamic acid were up to 416.7 mg·g-1 and 625 mg·g-1, respectively, and the adsorption kinetic data obeyed pseudo-second-order rate equation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syafiqah Shaipulizan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (N.N.S.S.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (N.N.S.S.); (A.H.A.)
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sazlinda Kamaruzaman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (N.N.S.S.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Nur Nida Syamimi Subri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (N.N.S.S.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Abel Adekanmi Adeyi
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (L.C.A.)
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, College of Engineering, Afe Babalola University Ado-Ekiti, ABUAD, KM. 8.5, Afe Babalola Way, P.M.B. 5454, Ado-Ekiti 360211, Nigeria
| | - Abdul Halim Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.S.S.); (S.K.); (N.N.S.S.); (A.H.A.)
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Luqman Chuah Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.A.A.); (L.C.A.)
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Wu D, Jiang P, Lucy CA. Linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) characterization of the normal phase retention mechanism on hypercrosslinked polystyrenes. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1543:40-47. [PMID: 29486887 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Linear solvation energy relationships (LSERs) were applied to retention on hypercrosslinked polystyrene on silica (HC-Tol) to elucidate the type and relative importance of molecular interactions between model solutes and the HC-Tol stationary phase. Classical amino phase and another hypercrosslinked phase (5-HGN) were used as reference columns. On both the HC-Tol and amino, polar interactions predominate and contribute to retention. Solute volume V has no impact on retention on the amino column, while V has a slightly negative influence on retention for the HC-Tol column. The differences in coefficient v between the amino and the HC-Tol columns might explain why the HC-Tol is capable of group-type separations. 5-HGN phase has smaller a and b values compared to HC-Tol, which means that 5-HGN is not as basic or acidic in terms of hydrogen bonds as is HC-Tol. This suggests that the hydrogen bonding character of the HC-Tol phase arises from its silica substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Charles A Lucy
- Department of Chemistry, Gunning/Lemieux Chemistry Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2G2, Canada.
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9
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Kim S, Seo M. Control of porosity in hierarchically porous polymers derived from hyper-crosslinked block polymer precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soobin Kim
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Korea
| | - Myungeun Seo
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology; Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST); Daejeon 34141 Korea
- Department of Chemistry; KAIST; Daejeon 34141 Korea
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Castaldo R, Gentile G, Avella M, Carfagna C, Ambrogi V. Microporous Hyper-Crosslinked Polystyrenes and Nanocomposites with High Adsorption Properties: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9120651. [PMID: 30965952 PMCID: PMC6418941 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyper-crosslinked (HCL) polystyrenes show outstanding properties, such as high specific surface area and adsorption capability. Several researches have been recently focused on tailoring their performance for specific applications, such as gas adsorption and separation, energy storage, air and water purification processes, and catalysis. In this review, main strategies for the realization of HCL polystyrene-based materials with advanced properties are reported, including a summary of the synthetic routes that are adopted for their realization and the chemical modification approaches that are used to impart them specific functionalities. Moreover, the most up to date results on the synthesis of HCL polystyrene-based nanocomposites that are realized by embedding these high surface area polymers with metal, metal oxide, and carbon-based nanofillers are discussed in detail, underlining the high potential applicability of these systems in different fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Castaldo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Gennaro Gentile
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Avella
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Cosimo Carfagna
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy.
| | - Veronica Ambrogi
- Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
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11
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Ortiz-Palacios J, Cardoso J, de la Cruz M, Anleu E. Functionalization in copolymers based on 4VP:DVB for the removal of Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Ortiz-Palacios
- Physics Department UAMI; Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col., Vicentina CP 09340 México D.F. México
| | - Judith Cardoso
- Physics Department UAMI; Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col., Vicentina CP 09340 México D.F. México
| | - Marcos de la Cruz
- Physics Department UAMI; Av. San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col., Vicentina CP 09340 México D.F. México
| | - Eloisa Anleu
- UNAM, FES- Zaragoza Ing. Química; Batalla 5 de Mayo SN, Ejercito Oriente, 09230 Ciudad de México México
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - S. Richard Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
- Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
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13
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Castaldo R, Avolio R, Cocca M, Gentile G, Errico ME, Avella M, Carfagna C, Ambrogi V. A Versatile Synthetic Approach toward Hyper-Cross-Linked Styrene-Based Polymers and Nanocomposites. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachele Castaldo
- Institute
for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Roberto Avolio
- Institute
for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Mariacristina Cocca
- Institute
for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Gennaro Gentile
- Institute
for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maria Emanuela Errico
- Institute
for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Maurizio Avella
- Institute
for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Cosimo Carfagna
- Institute
for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Veronica Ambrogi
- Institute
for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council of Italy, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department
of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples, Piazzale Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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14
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15
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Castaldo R, Avolio R, Cocca M, Gentile G, Errico ME, Avella M, Carfagna C, Ambrogi V. Synthesis and adsorption study of hyper-crosslinked styrene-based nanocomposites containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra25481k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
New nanocomposite microporous materials obtained by adding functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes to styrene/vinylbenzyl chloride/divinylbenzene hyper-crosslinked resins were prepared and characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Castaldo
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council of Italy
- 80078 Pozzuoli
- Italy
- Department of Chemical
| | - R. Avolio
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council of Italy
- 80078 Pozzuoli
- Italy
| | - M. Cocca
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council of Italy
- 80078 Pozzuoli
- Italy
| | - G. Gentile
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council of Italy
- 80078 Pozzuoli
- Italy
| | - M. E. Errico
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council of Italy
- 80078 Pozzuoli
- Italy
| | - M. Avella
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council of Italy
- 80078 Pozzuoli
- Italy
| | - C. Carfagna
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council of Italy
- 80078 Pozzuoli
- Italy
| | - V. Ambrogi
- Institute for Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials
- National Research Council of Italy
- 80078 Pozzuoli
- Italy
- Department of Chemical
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16
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Kuang W, Li H, Huang J, Liu YN. Tunable Porosity and Polarity of the Polar Hyper-Cross-Linked Resins and the Enhanced Adsorption toward Phenol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b03320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Kuang
- School
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hebing Li
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- College
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Fu Z, Han S, Huang J, Liu YN. Comparison of hyper-cross-linked polystyrene/polyacryldiethylenetriamine (HCP/PADETA) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) with hyper-cross-linked polystyrene (HCP): structure, adsorption and separation properties. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra01932c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HCP/PADETA IPNs can separate salicylic acid efficiently from phenol in a mixed solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Shan Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - Jianhan Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Central South University
- Changsha
- China
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18
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Hwang KS, Choi WJ, Kim JH, Lee JY. Preparation of hypercrosslinked poly(DVB-VBC) particles with high surface area and structured meso- and micropores. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3137-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Tassi M, Bartollini E, Adriaensens P, Bianchi L, Barkakaty B, Carleer R, Chen J, Hensley DK, Marrocchi A, Vaccaro L. Synthesis, characterization and catalytic activity of novel large network polystyrene-immobilized organic bases. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra21140a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of searching for efficient solid catalysts to be used in environmentally friendly reaction conditions, novel gel-type cross-linked polystyrenes functionalized with diethylamine and 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene, have been prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tassi
- Hasselt University – Applied and Analytical Chemistry
- BE-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Elena Bartollini
- Laboratory of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry
- CEMIN – Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università di Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Peter Adriaensens
- Hasselt University – Applied and Analytical Chemistry
- BE-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Laboratory of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry
- CEMIN – Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università di Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Balaka Barkakaty
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Robert Carleer
- Hasselt University – Applied and Analytical Chemistry
- BE-3590 Diepenbeek
- Belgium
| | - Jihua Chen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Dale K. Hensley
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory
- Oak Ridge
- USA
| | - Assunta Marrocchi
- Laboratory of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry
- CEMIN – Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università di Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory of Green Synthetic Organic Chemistry
- CEMIN – Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie
- Università di Perugia
- 06123 Perugia
- Italy
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20
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Mohammed ML, Mbeleck R, Saha B. Efficient and selective molybdenum based heterogeneous catalyst for alkene epoxidation using batch and continuous reactors. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py01147g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A polystyrene 2-(aminomethyl)pyridine supported molybdenum(vi) complex (Ps·AMP·Mo) has been prepared, characterised and used as a catalyst for epoxidation of 1-hexene and 4-vinyl-1-cyclohexene (4-VCH) using TBHP as an oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. L. Mohammed
- Centre for Green Process Engineering
- School of Engineering
- London South Bank University
- London
- UK
| | - R. Mbeleck
- Centre for Green Process Engineering
- School of Engineering
- London South Bank University
- London
- UK
| | - B. Saha
- Centre for Green Process Engineering
- School of Engineering
- London South Bank University
- London
- UK
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21
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Ratvijitvech T, Barrow M, Cooper AI, Adams DJ. The effect of molecular weight on the porosity of hypercrosslinked polystyrene. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00668f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Microporous polymers can be prepared by crosslinking polystyrenes, with the surface areas being dependent on the degree of polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Barrow
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
| | | | - Dave J. Adams
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Liverpool
- Liverpool
- UK
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22
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Fontanals N, Marcé RM, Borrull F, Cormack PAG. Hypercrosslinked materials: preparation, characterisation and applications. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00771b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hypercrosslinked materials have experienced a great expansion in both the synthetic approach and the field of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. Fontanals
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- Campus Sescelades Marcel·lí Domingo
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - R. M. Marcé
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- Campus Sescelades Marcel·lí Domingo
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - F. Borrull
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili
- Campus Sescelades Marcel·lí Domingo
- 43007 Tarragona
- Spain
| | - P. A. G. Cormack
- WestCHEM
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry
- University of Strathclyde
- Glasgow
- UK
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23
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Wu D, Nedev GK, Lucy CA. Retention mechanism of hypercrosslinked polystyrene silica hybrid phase in normal phase chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1370:50-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Maya F, Svec F. Porous polymer monoliths with large surface area and functional groups prepared via copolymerization of protected functional monomers and hypercrosslinking. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1317:32-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.07.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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25
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Li B, Yang X, Xia L, Majeed MI, Tan B. Hollow microporous organic capsules. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2128. [PMID: 23820511 PMCID: PMC3699813 DOI: 10.1038/srep02128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of hollow microporous organic capsules (HMOCs) could be very useful because of their hollow and porous morphology, which combines the advantages of both microporous organic polymers and non-porous nanocapsules. They can be used as storage materials or reaction chambers while supplying the necessary path for the design of controlled uptake/release systems. Herein, the synthesis of HMOCs with high surface area through facile emulsion polymerization and hypercrosslinking reactions, is described. Due to their tailored porous structure, these capsules possessed high drug loading efficiency, zero-order drug release kinetics and are also demonstrated to be used as nanoscale reactors for the prepareation of nanoparticles (NPs) without any external stabilizer. Moreover, owing to their intrinsic biocompatibility and fluorescence, these capsules exhibit promising prospect for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buyi Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xinjia Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Lingling Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan Majeed
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Bien Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
- Key Laboratory for Large-Format Battery Materials and System, Ministry of Education Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Luoyu Road No. 1037, Wuhan, 430074, China
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26
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Luo Y, Zhang S, Ma Y, Wang W, Tan B. Microporous organic polymers synthesized by self-condensation of aromatic hydroxymethyl monomers. Polym Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20914d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Zeng X, Chen H, Zheng Y, Tao W, Fan Y, Huang L, Mei L. Enhanced adsorption of puerarin onto a novel hydrophilic and polar modified post-crosslinked resin from aqueous solution. J Colloid Interface Sci 2012; 385:166-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Porous polymer particles—A comprehensive guide to synthesis, characterization, functionalization and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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29
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Gao Q, Lin CY, Luo D, Suo LL, Chen JL, Feng YQ. Magnetic solid-phase extraction using magnetic hypercrosslinked polymer for rapid determination of illegal drugs in urine. J Sep Sci 2011; 34:3083-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201100634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2011] [Revised: 08/06/2011] [Accepted: 08/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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30
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Abstract
The membrane emulsification-suspension polymerization (MESP) method was used to synthesize hypercrosslinked microspheres with a narrow size distribution. The resulting polymers possessed large specific surface area (over 1300 m2/g) and their particle size was controllable. The particles were more hydrophilic when using nitrobenzene as solvent instead of 1, 2-dichloroethane in the postcrosslinking process.
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31
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Huang J. Hydroquinone modified hyper-cross-linked resin to be used as a polymeric adsorbent for adsorption of salicylic acid from aqueous solution. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Synthesis, characterization and adsorption performance of a novel post-crosslinked adsorbent. J Colloid Interface Sci 2011; 354:353-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2010.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 10/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Li M, Li GL, Zhang Z, Li J, Neoh KG, Kang ET. Self-assembly of pH-responsive and fluorescent comb-like amphiphilic copolymers in aqueous media. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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34
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Huang J. Adsorption Thermodynamics of Methyl Orange from Aqueous Solution onto a Hyper-Cross-Linked Polystyrene Resin Modified with Phenolic Hydroxy Groups. ADSORPT SCI TECHNOL 2010. [DOI: 10.1260/0263-6174.28.5.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
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35
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Zeng X, Yu T, Wang P, Yuan R, Wen Q, Fan Y, Wang C, Shi R. Preparation and characterization of polar polymeric adsorbents with high surface area for the removal of phenol from water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 177:773-780. [PMID: 20083347 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.12.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Preparation of methyl methacrylate (MMA)/divinylbenzene (DVB) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA)/DVB copolymers via suspension polymerization yielded precursors which possess residual vinyl groups. Post-crosslinking of appropriate dichloroethane swollen precursors without external crosslinking agent in the presence of anhydrous ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) yielded post-crosslinked resins with high surface area and suitable polarity. FT-IR spectrum indicated that increasing the proportion of MMA or EGDMA in monomer mixtures notably reduces the amount of the pendant vinyl groups onto the matrix of the precursors. Furthermore, the pendant vinyl groups of precursors were almost absent when the content of MMA and EGDMA increased to 40 mol% and 20 mol% in the monomers, respectively. The specific surface areas and pore volumes of copolymers showed a remarkable increase after post-crosslinking. Experimental results showed that isotherms of phenol adsorption onto these polymeric adsorbents could be represented by Freundlich model and Langmuir model reasonably. PDE-5 pc exhibited higher adsorption capacity of phenol than other adsorbents, which resulted from synergistic effect of larger specific surface area and polar groups onto the network. Column adsorption/desorption dynamic curves suggested that PDE-5 pc is a potential candidate for treatment of chemical effluent containing phenol and phenolic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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36
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Kovačič S, Krajnc P. Macroporous monolithic poly(4‐vinylbenzyl chloride) columns for organic synthesis facilitation by
in situ
polymerization of high internal phase emulsions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastijan Kovačič
- Laboratory for Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Peter Krajnc
- Laboratory for Organic and Polymer Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Smetanova 17, SI 2000 Maribor, Slovenia
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37
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Ji B, Shao F, Hu G, Zheng S, Zhang Q, Xu Z. Adsorption of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) from aqueous solution by porous polymeric adsorbents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2009; 161:81-87. [PMID: 18433995 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2007] [Revised: 03/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
MTBE has emerged as an important water pollutant because of its high mobility, persistence, and toxicity. In this study, a postcrosslinked polymeric adsorbent was prepared by postcrosslinking of a commercial chloromethylated polymer, and a nonpolar porous polymer with comparable surface area and micropore volume to the postcrosslinked polymer was prepared by suspended polymerization. The postcrosslinked polymer, nonpolar porous polymer and chloromethylated polymer were characterized by N2 adsorption, FTIR and XPS analysis. Results showed that postcrosslinking reaction led to the generation of a microporous postcrosslinked polymer with BET surface area 782m2g(-1), average pore width 3.0nm and micropore volume 0.33cm3g(-1). FTIR and XPS analysis indicated the formation of surface oxygen-containing groups on the postcrosslinked polymer. The three polymers were used as adsorbents to remove aqueous methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Adsorption of MTBE over the postcrosslinked polymeric adsorbent was found to follow the linear adsorption isotherm, whereas MTBE adsorption onto the nonpolar porous polymer and chloromethylated polymer followed Langmuir adsorption model. Comparison of adsorption capacities of the postcrosslinked polymer, chloromethylated polymer and nonpolar porous polymer revealed that the adsorption of MTBE from aqueous solution is dependent on both pore structure and surface chemistry of polymeric adsorbents, and the high adsorption efficiency of the postcrosslinked polymer towards MTBE is attributed to its high surface area, large micropore volume and moderate hydrophility. The process of MTBE adsorption onto the adsorbents can be well described by pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the rate of adsorption decreased at higher MTBE initial concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyan Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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38
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Davankov V, Tsyurupa M, Blinnikova Z, Pavlova L. Self-concentration effects in preparative SEC of mineral electrolytes using nanoporous neutral polymeric sorbents. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:64-73. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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40
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Fontanals N, Marcé RM, Cormack PA, Sherrington DC, Borrull F. Monodisperse, hypercrosslinked polymer microspheres as tailor-made sorbents for highly efficient solid-phase extractions of polar pollutants from water samples. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1191:118-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2007] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/22/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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42
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Fontanals N, Marcé RM, Borrull F. New materials in sorptive extraction techniques for polar compounds. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1152:14-31. [PMID: 17187808 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2006] [Revised: 11/17/2006] [Accepted: 11/22/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the new developments in material and format technology that improve the extraction of polar compounds in several extraction techniques. They mainly include solid-phase extraction, but there are also other sorptive extraction techniques, such as stir bar sorptive extraction and solid-phase microextraction that use either fibers or in-tube devices. We focus on new synthesised materials that are both commercially available and "in-house". Most novel materials that enhance the extraction of polar compounds are hydrophilic and have large specific surface area; however, we also cover other leading technologies, such as sol-gel or monolith. We describe the morphological and chemical properties of these new sorbents so that we can better understand them and relate them to their capability of retaining polar compounds. We discuss the extraction efficiency for polar compounds when these polymers are used as sorptive material and compare them to other materials. We also mention some representative examples of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Fontanals
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Marcel lí Domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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43
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Effects of post-crosslinking of macroreticular styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers on their morphology. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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44
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Lee JY, Wood CD, Bradshaw D, Rosseinsky MJ, Cooper AI. Hydrogen adsorption in microporous hypercrosslinked polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:2670-2. [PMID: 16786082 DOI: 10.1039/b604625h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A microporous hypercrosslinked polymer resin was synthesized and shown to adsorb 3.04 wt.% hydrogen at 77 K and 15 bar; this represents the highest level of hydrogen adsorption yet observed for an organic polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Young Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, UK
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Ahn JH, Jang JE, Oh CG, Ihm SK, Cortez J, Sherrington DC. Rapid Generation and Control of Microporosity, Bimodal Pore Size Distribution, and Surface Area in Davankov-Type Hyper-Cross-Linked Resins. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma051152n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jou-Hyeon Ahn
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900, Gajwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea; National Research Laboratory for Environmental Catalysis and Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Gusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejon 305-701, Korea; and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Jin-Eon Jang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900, Gajwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea; National Research Laboratory for Environmental Catalysis and Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Gusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejon 305-701, Korea; and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Chang-Gun Oh
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900, Gajwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea; National Research Laboratory for Environmental Catalysis and Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Gusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejon 305-701, Korea; and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Son-Ki Ihm
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900, Gajwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea; National Research Laboratory for Environmental Catalysis and Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Gusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejon 305-701, Korea; and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie Cortez
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900, Gajwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea; National Research Laboratory for Environmental Catalysis and Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Gusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejon 305-701, Korea; and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Sherrington
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering and Engineering Research Institute, Gyeongsang National University, 900, Gajwa-dong, Jinju 660-701, Korea; National Research Laboratory for Environmental Catalysis and Department of Chemical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 373-1, Gusong-dong, Yusong-gu, Daejon 305-701, Korea; and Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
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Fontanals NA, Galià M, Cormack PAG, Marcé RM, Sherrington DC, Borrull F. Evaluation of a new hypercrosslinked polymer as a sorbent for solid-phase extraction of polar compounds. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1075:51-6. [PMID: 15974117 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A new hypercrosslinked polymer (HXLGp) with hydrophilic character due to the presence of hydroxyl moieties has been tested as a sorbent for the solid-phase extraction (SPE) of several polar compounds from water samples. This new sorbent enables the on-line extraction of 300 ml of sample with recoveries higher than 80% for polar compounds such as oxamyl, methomyl or desisopropylatrazine (DIA). The HXLGp has also been compared to other commercially available sorbents such as Oasis HLB (hydrophilic macroporous), to hydrophobic hypercrosslinked resins and to a previously synthesized sorbent based on N-vinylimidazole-divinylbenzene. The results are consistently better with the new synthesized sorbent. The method was successfully applied to the on-line SPE-HPLC of tap and river water samples. The validation with river water samples provided good linearity range and detection limits between 0.03 for methomyl and 4-nitrophenol (4NP) to 0.2 microg l(-1) for phenol (Ph).
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria a Fontanals
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Campus Sescelades, Marcellí domingo, s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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