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Bektas C, Mao Y. Hydrogel Microparticles for Bone Regeneration. Gels 2023; 10:28. [PMID: 38247752 PMCID: PMC10815488 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) stand out as promising entities in the realm of bone tissue regeneration, primarily due to their versatile capabilities in delivering cells and bioactive molecules/drugs. Their significance is underscored by distinct attributes such as injectability, biodegradability, high porosity, and mechanical tunability. These characteristics play a pivotal role in fostering vasculature formation, facilitating mineral deposition, and contributing to the overall regeneration of bone tissue. Fabricated through diverse techniques (batch emulsion, microfluidics, lithography, and electrohydrodynamic spraying), HMPs exhibit multifunctionality, serving as vehicles for drug and cell delivery, providing structural scaffolding, and functioning as bioinks for advanced 3D-printing applications. Distinguishing themselves from other scaffolds like bulk hydrogels, cryogels, foams, meshes, and fibers, HMPs provide a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio, promoting improved interactions with the surrounding tissues and facilitating the efficient delivery of cells and bioactive molecules. Notably, their minimally invasive injectability and modular properties, offering various designs and configurations, contribute to their attractiveness for biomedical applications. This comprehensive review aims to delve into the progressive advancements in HMPs, specifically for bone regeneration. The exploration encompasses synthesis and functionalization techniques, providing an understanding of their diverse applications, as documented in the existing literature. The overarching goal is to shed light on the advantages and potential of HMPs within the field of engineering bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Mao
- Laboratory for Biomaterials Research, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, 145 Bevier Rd., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
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2
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Pan S, Zhang N, He X, Fang Z, Wu Y, Wei Y, Tao L. Poly(vinyl alcohol) Modified via the Hantzsch Reaction for Biosafe Antioxidant Self-Healing Hydrogel. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:1037-1044. [PMID: 37440314 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Efficient routes for the preparation of functional self-healing hydrogels from functional polymers are needed. In this study, we developed a strategy to effectively produce a vanillin-modified poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA-vanillin) through the Hantzsch reaction. This polymer was cross-linked with a phenylboronic acid-containing polymer (PB) that was also prepared using the Hantzsch reaction to fabricate a hydrogel through borate ester linkages under mild conditions (25 °C, pH ∼ 7.4). This hydrogel had excellent antioxidant abilities due to the 1,4-dihydropyridine (DHP) rings and the vanillin moieties in the hydrogel structures; it was also self-healable and injectable owing to the dynamic borate ester linkages. Furthermore, the antioxidant self-healing hydrogel had low cytotoxicity and exhibited favorable safety in animal experiments, indicating its potential as a safe implantable cell or drug carrier. This study developed a method for preparing functional polymers and related self-healing hydrogels in a facile manner; it demonstrated the value of the Hantzsch reaction in exploiting antioxidant self-healing hydrogels for biomedical applications, which may provide insight into the design of other functional self-healing hydrogels through different multicomponent reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Pan
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Sinopec Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Medical and Hygienic Materials, Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
| | - Xianzhe He
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Fang
- Sinopec Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Medical and Hygienic Materials, Sinopec Beijing Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Beijing 100013, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Wu
- The Second Dental Center, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Yen Wei
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Lei Tao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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Bai L, Tao G, Feng M, Xie Y, Cai S, Peng S, Xiao J. Hydrogel Drug Delivery Systems for Bone Regeneration. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051334. [PMID: 37242576 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With the in-depth understanding of bone regeneration mechanisms and the development of bone tissue engineering, a variety of scaffold carrier materials with desirable physicochemical properties and biological functions have recently emerged in the field of bone regeneration. Hydrogels are being increasingly used in the field of bone regeneration and tissue engineering because of their biocompatibility, unique swelling properties, and relative ease of fabrication. Hydrogel drug delivery systems comprise cells, cytokines, an extracellular matrix, and small molecule nucleotides, which have different properties depending on their chemical or physical cross-linking. Additionally, hydrogels can be designed for different types of drug delivery for specific applications. In this paper, we summarize recent research in the field of bone regeneration using hydrogels as delivery carriers, detail the application of hydrogels in bone defect diseases and their mechanisms, and discuss future research directions of hydrogel drug delivery systems in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Bai
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Gang Tao
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Maogeng Feng
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yuping Xie
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuyu Cai
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Shuanglin Peng
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jingang Xiao
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Luzhou Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
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Younas F, Zaman M, Aman W, Farooq U, Raja MAG, Amjad MW. Thiolated Polymeric Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2023; 29:3172-3186. [PMID: 37622704 DOI: 10.2174/1381612829666230825100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are a three-dimensional (3D) network of hydrophilic polymers. The physical and chemical crosslinking of polymeric chains maintains the structure of the hydrogels even when they are swollen in water. They can be modified with thiol by thiol epoxy, thiol-ene, thiol-disulfide, or thiol-one reactions. Their application as a matrix for protein and drug delivery, cellular immobilization, regenerative medicine, and scaffolds for tissue engineering was initiated in the early 21st century. This review focuses on the ingredients, classification techniques, and applications of hydrogels, types of thiolation by different thiol-reducing agents, along with their mechanisms. In this study, different applications for polymers used in thiolated hydrogels, including dextran, gelatin, polyethylene glycol (PEG), cyclodextrins, chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, poloxamer, polygalacturonic acid, pectin, carrageenan gum, arabinoxylan, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), gellan gum, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Younas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Aman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umer Farooq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Wahab Amjad
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, PA 15213, USA
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Fu H, Yu B, Wang H, Tong H, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Meng G, Sun M, Lin J. Knowledge domain and hotspots concerning photosensitive hydrogels for tissue engineering applications: A bibliometric and visualized analysis (1996-2022). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1067111. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1067111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of tissue engineering (TE) is to replace the damaged tissues or failed organs, or restore their missing functions. The important means to achieve this aim is to integrate biomaterials and life elements. Hydrogels are very attractive biomaterials in the field of TE. In particular, engineering extracellular matrices (ECMs) formed by photosensitive hydrogels have captivated much attention, because photopolymerization has many advantages over traditional polymerization approaches, such as rapidity of reaction, spatiotemporal controllability of polymerization process, and operability at physiological temperature, especially it can realize the fabrications of engineering ECMs in the presence of living cells. There have been many excellent reviews on the applications of photosensitive hydrogels in TE in recent years, however, it is inevitable that researchers may have left out many important facts due to exploring the literature from one or a few aspects. It is also a great challenge for researchers to explore the internal relationships among countries, institutions, authors, and references from a large number of literatures in related fields. Therefore, bibliometrics may be a powerful tool to solve the above problems. A bibliometric and visualized analysis of publications concerning the photosensitive hydrogels for TE applications was performed, and the knowledge domain, research hotspots and frontiers in this topic were identified according to the analysis results.Methods: We identified and retrieved the publications regarding the photosensitive hydrogels for TE applications between 1996 and 2022 from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Bibliometric and visualized analysis employing CiteSpace software and R-language package Bibliometrix were performed in this study.Results: 778 publications meeting the eligibility criteria were identified and retrieved from WoSCC. Among those, 2844 authors worldwide participated in the studies in this field, accompanied by an average annual article growth rate of 15.35%. The articles were co-authored by 800 institutions from 46 countries/regions, and the United States published the most, followed by China and South Korea. As the two countries that published the most papers, the United States and China could further strengthen cooperation in this field. Univ Colorado published the most articles (n = 150), accounting for 19.28% of the total. The articles were distributed in 112 journals, among which Biomaterials (n = 66) published the most articles, followed by Acta Biomaterialia (n = 54) and Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A (n = 42). The top 10 journals published 47.8% of the 778 articles. The most prolific author was Anseth K (n = 33), followed by Khademhosseini A (n = 29) and Bryant S (n = 22). A total of 1443 keywords were extracted from the 778 articles and the keyword with the highest centrality was “extracellular matrix” (centrality: 0.12). The keywords appeared recently with strong citation bursts were “gelatin”, “3d printing” and “3d bioprinting”, representing the current research hotspots in this field. “Gelma”, “3d printing” and “thiol-ene” were the research frontiers in recent years.Conclusion: This bibliometric and visualized study offered a comprehensive understanding of publications regarding the photosensitive hydrogels for TE applications from 1996 to 2022, including the knowledge domain, research hotspots and frontiers in this filed. The outcome of this study would provide insights for scholars in the related research filed.
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Jing X, Fu H, Yu B, Sun M, Wang L. Two-photon polymerization for 3D biomedical scaffolds: Overview and updates. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:994355. [PMID: 36072288 PMCID: PMC9441635 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.994355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The needs for high-resolution, well-defined and complex 3D microstructures in diverse fields call for the rapid development of novel 3D microfabrication techniques. Among those, two-photon polymerization (TPP) attracted extensive attention owing to its unique and useful characteristics. As an approach to implementing additive manufacturing, TPP has truly 3D writing ability to fabricate artificially designed constructs with arbitrary geometry. The spatial resolution of the manufactured structures via TPP can exceed the diffraction limit. The 3D structures fabricated by TPP could properly mimic the microenvironment of natural extracellular matrix, providing powerful tools for the study of cell behavior. TPP can meet the requirements of manufacturing technique for 3D scaffolds (engineering cell culture matrices) used in cytobiology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this review, we demonstrated the development in 3D microfabrication techniques and we presented an overview of the applications of TPP as an advanced manufacturing technique in complex 3D biomedical scaffolds fabrication. Given this multidisciplinary field, we discussed the perspectives of physics, materials science, chemistry, biomedicine and mechanical engineering. Additionally, we dived into the principles of tow-photon absorption (TPA) and TPP, requirements of 3D biomedical scaffolders, developed-to-date materials and chemical approaches used by TPP and manufacturing strategies based on mechanical engineering. In the end, we draw out the limitations of TPP on 3D manufacturing for now along with some prospects of its future outlook towards the fabrication of 3D biomedical scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Jing
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hongxun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Baojun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano and Ultra-precision Manufacturing, School of Mechatronic Engineering, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Meiyan Sun
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Liye Wang
- College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Lunzer M, Maryasin B, Zandrini T, Baudis S, Ovsianikov A, Liska R. A disulfide-based linker for thiol-norbornene conjugation: formation and cleavage of hydrogels by the use of light. Polym Chem 2022; 13:1158-1168. [PMID: 35341220 PMCID: PMC8886483 DOI: 10.1039/d1py00914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photolabile groups are the key components of photo-responsive polymers, dynamically tunable materials with multiple applications in materials and life sciences. They usually consist of a chromophore and a labile bond and are inherently light sensitive. An exception are disulfides, simple reversible linkages, which become photocleavable upon addition of a photoinitiator. Despite their practical features, disulfides are rarely utilized due to their impractical formation. Here, we report a disulfide-based linker series bearing norbornene terminals for facile crosslinking of thiol-functionalized macromers via light-triggered thiol-ene conjugation (TEC). Besides finding a highly reactive lead compound, we also identify an unexpected TEC-retardation, strongly dependent on the molecular linker structure and affecting hydrogel stability. Finally, we present a useful method for localized disulfide cleavage by two-photon irradiation permitting micropatterning of disulfide-crosslinked networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Lunzer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien Getreidemarkt 9/E163 1060 Vienna Austria
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technische Universität Wien Getreidemarkt 9/E308 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Boris Maryasin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 38 1090 Vienna Austria
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Strasse 17 1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Tommaso Zandrini
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technische Universität Wien Getreidemarkt 9/E308 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Stefan Baudis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien Getreidemarkt 9/E163 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, Technische Universität Wien Getreidemarkt 9/E308 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien Getreidemarkt 9/E163 1060 Vienna Austria
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8
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Illy N, Mongkhoun E. Thiolactone chemistry, a versatile platform for macromolecular engineering. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00731b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review covers the extensive use of γ-thiolactone chemistry as a versatile and powerful tool for macromolecular engineering and the preparation of various polymer architectures, such as functional, alternating, or sequence-controlled (co)polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Illy
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Emma Mongkhoun
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Equipe Chimie des Polymères, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
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Bouzin M, Zeynali A, Marini M, Sironi L, Scodellaro R, D’Alfonso L, Collini M, Chirico G. Multiphoton Laser Fabrication of Hybrid Photo-Activable Biomaterials. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21175891. [PMID: 34502787 PMCID: PMC8433654 DOI: 10.3390/s21175891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The possibility to shape stimulus-responsive optical polymers, especially hydrogels, by means of laser 3D printing and ablation is fostering a new concept of “smart” micro-devices that can be used for imaging, thermal stimulation, energy transducing and sensing. The composition of these polymeric blends is an essential parameter to tune their properties as actuators and/or sensing platforms and to determine the elasto-mechanical characteristics of the printed hydrogel. In light of the increasing demand for micro-devices for nanomedicine and personalized medicine, interest is growing in the combination of composite and hybrid photo-responsive materials and digital micro-/nano-manufacturing. Existing works have exploited multiphoton laser photo-polymerization to obtain fine 3D microstructures in hydrogels in an additive manufacturing approach or exploited laser ablation of preformed hydrogels to carve 3D cavities. Less often, the two approaches have been combined and active nanomaterials have been embedded in the microstructures. The aim of this review is to give a short overview of the most recent and prominent results in the field of multiphoton laser direct writing of biocompatible hydrogels that embed active nanomaterials not interfering with the writing process and endowing the biocompatible microstructures with physically or chemically activable features such as photothermal activity, chemical swelling and chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Bouzin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Amirbahador Zeynali
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Mario Marini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Laura Sironi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Riccardo Scodellaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Laura D’Alfonso
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
| | - Maddalena Collini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
- Institute for Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Chirico
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.B.); (A.Z.); (M.M.); (L.S.); (R.S.); (L.D.)
- Institute for Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems, CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.C.); (G.C.)
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Fairbanks BD, Macdougall LJ, Mavila S, Sinha J, Kirkpatrick BE, Anseth KS, Bowman CN. Photoclick Chemistry: A Bright Idea. Chem Rev 2021; 121:6915-6990. [PMID: 33835796 PMCID: PMC9883840 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
At its basic conceptualization, photoclick chemistry embodies a collection of click reactions that are performed via the application of light. The emergence of this concept has had diverse impact over a broad range of chemical and biological research due to the spatiotemporal control, high selectivity, and excellent product yields afforded by the combination of light and click chemistry. While the reactions designated as "photoclick" have many important features in common, each has its own particular combination of advantages and shortcomings. A more extensive realization of the potential of this chemistry requires a broader understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the specific reactions. This review discusses the features of the most frequently employed photoclick reactions reported in the literature: photomediated azide-alkyne cycloadditions, other 1,3-dipolarcycloadditions, Diels-Alder and inverse electron demand Diels-Alder additions, radical alternating addition chain transfer additions, and nucleophilic additions. Applications of these reactions in a variety of chemical syntheses, materials chemistry, and biological contexts are surveyed, with particular attention paid to the respective strengths and limitations of each reaction and how that reaction benefits from its combination with light. Finally, challenges to broader employment of these reactions are discussed, along with strategies and opportunities to mitigate such obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Fairbanks
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Laura J Macdougall
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Sudheendran Mavila
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jasmine Sinha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Bruce E Kirkpatrick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Coorado 80045, United States
| | - Kristi S Anseth
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- The BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Christopher N Bowman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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11
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Gao Y, Peng K, Mitragotri S. Covalently Crosslinked Hydrogels via Step-Growth Reactions: Crosslinking Chemistries, Polymers, and Clinical Impact. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006362. [PMID: 33988273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials with the unique property of high-water content in a crosslinked polymer network. In particular, chemically crosslinked hydrogels have made a great clinical impact in past years because of their desirable mechanical properties and tunability of structural and chemical properties. Various polymers and step-growth crosslinking chemistries are harnessed for fabricating such covalently crosslinked hydrogels for translational research. However, selecting appropriate crosslinking chemistries and polymers for the intended clinical application is time-consuming and challenging. It requires the integration of polymer chemistry knowledge with thoughtful crosslinking reaction design. This task becomes even more challenging when other factors such as the biological mechanisms of the pathology, practical administration routes, and regulatory requirements add additional constraints. In this review, key features of crosslinking chemistries and polymers commonly used for preparing translatable hydrogels are outlined and their performance in biological systems is summarized. The examples of effective polymer/crosslinking chemistry combinations that have yielded clinically approved hydrogel products are specifically highlighted. These hydrogel design parameters in the context of the regulatory process and clinical translation barriers, providing a guideline for the rational selection of polymer/crosslinking chemistry combinations to construct hydrogels with high translational potential are further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Gao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Peng
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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12
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Setayeshmehr M, Hafeez S, van Blitterswijk C, Moroni L, Mota C, Baker MB. Bioprinting Via a Dual-Gel Bioink Based on Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) and Solubilized Extracellular Matrix towards Cartilage Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083901. [PMID: 33918892 PMCID: PMC8069267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Various hydrogel systems have been developed as biomaterial inks for bioprinting, including natural and synthetic polymers. However, the available biomaterial inks, which allow printability, cell viability, and user-defined customization, remains limited. Incorporation of biological extracellular matrix materials into tunable synthetic polymers can merge the benefits of both systems towards versatile materials for biofabrication. The aim of this study was to develop novel, cell compatible dual-component biomaterial inks and bioinks based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and solubilized decellularized cartilage matrix (SDCM) hydrogels that can be utilized for cartilage bioprinting. In a first approach, PVA was modified with amine groups (PVA-A), and mixed with SDCM. The printability of the PVA-A/SDCM formulations cross-linked by genipin was evaluated. On the second approach, the PVA was functionalized with cis-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride (PVA-Nb) to allow an ultrafast light-curing thiol-ene cross-linking. Comprehensive experiments were conducted to evaluate the influence of the SDCM ratio in mechanical properties, water uptake, swelling, cell viability, and printability of the PVA-based formulations. The studies performed with the PVA-A/SDCM formulations cross-linked by genipin showed printability, but poor shape retention due to slow cross-linking kinetics. On the other hand, the PVA-Nb/SDCM showed good printability. The results showed that incorporation of SDCM into PVA-Nb reduces the compression modulus, enhance cell viability, and bioprintability and modulate the swelling ratio of the resulted hydrogels. Results indicated that PVA-Nb hydrogels containing SDCM could be considered as versatile bioinks for cartilage bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Setayeshmehr
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran;
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.H.); (C.v.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Shahzad Hafeez
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.H.); (C.v.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.H.); (C.v.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.H.); (C.v.B.); (L.M.)
| | - Carlos Mota
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.H.); (C.v.B.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (M.B.B.)
| | - Matthew B. Baker
- MERLN Institute for Technology Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University, 6229 Maastricht, The Netherlands; (S.H.); (C.v.B.); (L.M.)
- Correspondence: (C.M.); (M.B.B.)
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13
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Yang X, Chen M, Li P, Ji Z, Wang M, Feng Y, Shi C. Fabricating poly(vinyl alcohol)/gelatin composite sponges with high absorbency and water-triggered expansion for noncompressible hemorrhage and wound healing. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:1568-1582. [PMID: 33496718 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02480e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Composite sponges obtained from PVA and gelatin were synthesized by thiol–ene chemistry and used for controlling noncompressible hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering
- Wenzhou Institute
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - Miao Chen
- Eye hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - PengPeng Li
- Eye hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - Zhixiao Ji
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering
- Wenzhou Institute
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - Mingshan Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou Medical University
- Wenzhou
- China
| | - Yakai Feng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Chemical Engineering (Tianjin)
- Tianjin 300350
- China
- Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering (Ministry of Education)
- Tianjin University
| | - Changcan Shi
- Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering
- Wenzhou Institute
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wenzhou
- China
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14
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Colak B, Wu L, Cozens EJ, Gautrot JE. Modulation of Thiol-Ene Coupling by the Molecular Environment of Polymer Backbones for Hydrogel Formation and Cell Encapsulation. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:6497-6509. [PMID: 35021781 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-ene radical coupling is increasingly used for the biofunctionalization of biomaterials and the formation of 3D hydrogels enabling cell encapsulation. Indeed, thiol-ene chemistry presents interesting features that are particularly attractive for platforms requiring specific reactions of peptides or proteins, in particular in situ, during cell culture or encapsulation: thiol-ene coupling occurs specifically between a thiol and a nonactivated alkene (unlike Michael addition); it is relatively tolerant to the presence of oxygen; and it can be triggered by light. Despite such interest, little is known about the factors impacting polymer thiol-ene chemistry in situ. Here, we explore some of the molecular parameters controlling photoinitiated thiol-ene coupling (with UV and visible-light irradiation), with a series of alkene-functionalized polymer backbones. 1H NMR spectroscopy is used to quantify the efficiency of couplings, whereas photorheology allows correlation to gelation and mechanical properties of the resulting materials. We identify the impact of weak electrolytes in regulating coupling efficiency, presumably via thiol deprotonation and regulation of local diffusion. The conformation of associated polymer chains, regulated by the pH, is also proposed to play an important role in the modulation of both thiol-ene coupling and cross-linking efficiencies. Ultimately, suitable conditions for cell encapsulations are identified for a range of polymer backbones and their impact on cytocompatibility is investigated for cell encapsulation and tissue engineering applications. Overall, our work demonstrates the importance of polymer backbone design to regulate thiol-ene coupling and in situ hydrogel formation.
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15
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Zhu H, Yang H, Ma Y, Lu TJ, Xu F, Genin GM, Lin M. Spatiotemporally Controlled Photoresponsive Hydrogels: Design and Predictive Modeling from Processing through Application. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:2000639. [PMID: 32802013 PMCID: PMC7418561 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202000639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive hydrogels (PRHs) are soft materials whose mechanical and chemical properties can be tuned spatially and temporally with relative ease. Both photo-crosslinkable and photodegradable hydrogels find utility in a range of biomedical applications that require tissue-like properties or programmable responses. Progress in engineering with PRHs is facilitated by the development of theoretical tools that enable optimization of their photochemistry, polymer matrices, nanofillers, and architecture. This review brings together models and design principles that enable key applications of PRHs in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and soft robotics, and highlights ongoing challenges in both modeling and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyuan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Haiqian Yang
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Yufei Ma
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Tian Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical StructuresNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016P. R. China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials and StructuresXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Guy M. Genin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials ScienceWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63130USA
- NSF Science and Technology Center for Engineering MechanobiologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMO63130USA
| | - Min Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of EducationSchool of Life Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- Bioinspired Engineering & Biomechanics Center (BEBC)Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
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16
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Dobos A, Van Hoorick J, Steiger W, Gruber P, Markovic M, Andriotis OG, Rohatschek A, Dubruel P, Thurner PJ, Van Vlierberghe S, Baudis S, Ovsianikov A. Thiol-Gelatin-Norbornene Bioink for Laser-Based High-Definition Bioprinting. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1900752. [PMID: 31347290 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Two-photon polymerization (2PP) is a lithography-based 3D printing method allowing the fabrication of 3D structures with sub-micrometer resolution. This work focuses on the characterization of gelatin-norbornene (Gel-NB) bioinks which enables the embedding of cells via 2PP. The high reactivity of the thiol-ene system allows 2PP processing of cell-containing materials at remarkably high scanning speeds (1000 mm s-1 ) placing this technology in the domain of bioprinting. Atomic force microscopy results demonstrate that the indentation moduli of the produced hydrogel constructs can be adjusted in the 0.2-0.7 kPa range by controlling the 2PP processing parameters. Using this approach gradient 3D constructs are produced and the morphology of the embedded cells is observed in the course of 3 weeks. Furthermore, it is possible to tune the enzymatic degradation of the crosslinked bioink by varying the applied laser power. The 3D printed Gel-NB hydrogel constructs show exceptional biocompatibility, supported cell adhesion, and migration. Furthermore, cells maintain their proliferation capacity demonstrated by Ki-67 immunostaining. Moreover, the results demonstrate that direct embedding of cells provides uniform distribution and high cell loading independently of the pore size of the scaffold. The investigated photosensitive bioink enables high-definition bioprinting of well-defined constructs for long-term cell culture studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Dobos
- TU Wien3D Printing and Biofabrication GroupInstitute of Materials Science and Technology Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Jasper Van Hoorick
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials GroupCentre of Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Krijgslaan 281, S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Brussels PhotonicsDepartment of Applied Physics and PhotonicsFlanders Make and Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1000 Brussels Belgium
| | - Wolfgang Steiger
- TU Wien3D Printing and Biofabrication GroupInstitute of Materials Science and Technology Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Peter Gruber
- TU Wien3D Printing and Biofabrication GroupInstitute of Materials Science and Technology Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Marica Markovic
- TU Wien3D Printing and Biofabrication GroupInstitute of Materials Science and Technology Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
| | - Orestis G. Andriotis
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
- TU Wien, Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Andreas Rohatschek
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
- TU Wien, Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Peter Dubruel
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials GroupCentre of Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Krijgslaan 281, S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Philipp J. Thurner
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
- TU Wien, Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Sandra Van Vlierberghe
- Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials GroupCentre of Macromolecular ChemistryGhent University Krijgslaan 281, S4 9000 Ghent Belgium
- Brussels PhotonicsDepartment of Applied Physics and PhotonicsFlanders Make and Vrije Universiteit Brussel Pleinlaan 2 1000 Brussels Belgium
| | - Stefan Baudis
- TU WienInstitute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- TU Wien3D Printing and Biofabrication GroupInstitute of Materials Science and Technology Getreidemarkt 9 1060 Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration
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17
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Lee M, Rizzo R, Surman F, Zenobi-Wong M. Guiding Lights: Tissue Bioprinting Using Photoactivated Materials. Chem Rev 2020; 120:10950-11027. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihyun Lee
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Riccardo Rizzo
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - František Surman
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Marcy Zenobi-Wong
- Tissue Engineering + Biofabrication HPL J22, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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18
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Zerobin E, Markovic M, Tomášiková Z, Qin X, Ret D, Steinbauer P, Kitzmüller J, Steiger W, Gruber P, Ovsianikov A, Liska R, Baudis S. Hyaluronic acid vinyl esters: A toolbox toward controlling mechanical properties of hydrogels for 3D microfabrication. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elise Zerobin
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Austria
| | - Marica Markovic
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology TU Wien, Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Austria
| | - Zuzana Tomášiková
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Austria
| | - Xiao‐Hua Qin
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Austria
| | - Davide Ret
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Austria
| | - Patrick Steinbauer
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Polymers for Biomaterials and 3D Printing TU Wien, Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Austria
| | - Jakob Kitzmüller
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Austria
| | - Wolfgang Steiger
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology TU Wien, Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Austria
| | - Peter Gruber
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology TU Wien, Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Austria
| | - Aleksandr Ovsianikov
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology TU Wien, Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Austria
| | - Stefan Baudis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic ChemistryTU Wien Vienna Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Polymers for Biomaterials and 3D Printing TU Wien, Vienna Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration Austria
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19
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Daly AC, Riley L, Segura T, Burdick JA. Hydrogel microparticles for biomedical applications. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2020; 5:20-43. [PMID: 34123409 PMCID: PMC8191408 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-019-0148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 502] [Impact Index Per Article: 125.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel microparticles (HMPs) are promising for biomedical applications, ranging from the therapeutic delivery of cells and drugs to the production of scaffolds for tissue repair and bioinks for 3D printing. Biologics (cells and drugs) can be encapsulated into HMPs of predefined shapes and sizes using a variety of fabrication techniques (batch emulsion, microfluidics, lithography, electrohydrodynamic (EHD) spraying and mechanical fragmentation). HMPs can be formulated in suspensions to deliver therapeutics, as aggregates of particles (granular hydrogels) to form microporous scaffolds that promote cell infiltration or embedded within a bulk hydrogel to obtain multiscale behaviours. HMP suspensions and granular hydrogels can be injected for minimally invasive delivery of biologics, and they exhibit modular properties when comprised of mixtures of distinct HMP populations. In this Review, we discuss the fabrication techniques that are available for fabricating HMPs, as well as the multiscale behaviours of HMP systems and their functional properties, highlighting their advantages over traditional bulk hydrogels. Furthermore, we discuss applications of HMPs in the fields of cell delivery, drug delivery, scaffold design and biofabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Daly
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Andrew C. Daly, Lindsay Riley
| | - Lindsay Riley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Andrew C. Daly, Lindsay Riley
| | - Tatiana Segura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Departments of Dermatology and Neurology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jason A Burdick
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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20
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Arslan M, Acik G, Tasdelen MA. The emerging applications of click chemistry reactions in the modification of industrial polymers. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00510b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry reactions have been applied to the modification of major industrial polymers by analysing the synthetic approaches and the resulting material properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arslan
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Yalova University
- 77100 Yalova
- Turkey
| | - Gokhan Acik
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Yalova University
- 77100 Yalova
- Turkey
| | - Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen
- Department of Polymer Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Yalova University
- 77100 Yalova
- Turkey
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21
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Zhou D, Dong Q, Liang K, Xu W, Zhou Y, Xiao P. Photocrosslinked methacrylated poly(vinyl alcohol)/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite hydrogels with enhanced mechanical strength and cell adhesion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430073 People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430073 People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Liang
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430073 People's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430073 People's Republic of China
| | - Yingshan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Green Processing and Functional Textiles of New Textile Materials, Ministry of Education Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430073 People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Wuhan Textile University Wuhan 430073 People's Republic of China
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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22
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Li Z, Hu P, Zhu J, Gao Y, Xiong X, Liu R. Conjugated Carbazole-Based Schiff Bases as Photoinitiators: From Facile Synthesis to Efficient Two-Photon Polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Li
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Junzhe Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
| | - Yajun Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Xiang Xiong
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and School of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures; Nanjing University; Nanjing 210093 China
| | - Ren Liu
- International Research Center for Photoresponsive Molecules and Materials; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering; Jiangnan University; Wuxi 214122 China
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23
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Xu Z, Bratlie KM. Click Chemistry and Material Selection for in Situ Fabrication of Hydrogels in Tissue Engineering Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:2276-2291. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xu
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kaitlin M. Bratlie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Division of Materials Science & Engineering, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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24
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Qin XH, Wang X, Rottmar M, Nelson BJ, Maniura-Weber K. Near-Infrared Light-Sensitive Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Photoresist for Spatiotemporal Control of Cell-Instructive 3D Microenvironments. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705564. [PMID: 29333748 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Advanced hydrogel systems that allow precise control of cells and their 3D microenvironments are needed in tissue engineering, disease modeling, and drug screening. Multiphoton lithography (MPL) allows true 3D microfabrication of complex objects, but its biological application requires a cell-compatible hydrogel resist that is sufficiently photosensitive, cell-degradable, and permissive to support 3D cell growth. Here, an extremely photosensitive cell-responsive hydrogel composed of peptide-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is designed to expand the biological applications of MPL. PVA hydrogels are formed rapidly by ultraviolet light within 1 min in the presence of cells, providing fully synthetic matrices that are instructive for cell-matrix remodeling, multicellular morphogenesis, and protease-mediated cell invasion. By focusing a multiphoton laser into a cell-laden PVA hydrogel, cell-instructive extracellular cues are site-specifically attached to the PVA matrix. Cell invasion is thus precisely guided in 3D with micrometer-scale spatial resolution. This robust hydrogel enables, for the first time, ultrafast MPL of cell-responsive synthetic matrices at writing speeds up to 50 mm s-1 . This approach should enable facile photochemical construction and manipulation of 3D cellular microenvironments with unprecedented flexibility and precision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Qin
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Xiaopu Wang
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rottmar
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, ETH Zürich, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
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25
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Barner-Kowollik C, Bastmeyer M, Blasco E, Delaittre G, Müller P, Richter B, Wegener M. 3D Laser Micro- and Nanoprinting: Challenges for Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:15828-15845. [PMID: 28580704 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201704695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
3D printing is a powerful emerging technology for the tailored fabrication of advanced functional materials. This Review summarizes the state-of-the art with regard to 3D laser micro- and nanoprinting and explores the chemical challenges limiting its full exploitation: from the development of advanced functional materials for applications in cell biology and electronics to the chemical barriers that need to be overcome to enable fast writing velocities with resolution below the diffraction limit. We further explore chemical means to enable direct laser writing of multiple materials in one resist by highly wavelength selective (λ-orthogonal) photochemical processes. Finally, chemical processes to construct adaptive 3D written structures that are able to respond to external stimuli, such as light, heat, pH value, or specific molecules, are highlighted, and advanced concepts for degradable scaffolds are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, QUT, 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.,Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, ITCP, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Engesserstrasse 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, IBG, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoological Institute, Cell- and Neurobiology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Functional Interfaces, IFG, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Eva Blasco
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, ITCP, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Engesserstrasse 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, IBG, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Technical Chemistry and Polymer Chemistry, ITCP, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Engesserstrasse 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, IBG, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.,Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, ITG, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Patrick Müller
- Institute of Applied Physics, APH, Karlsruhe, Institute of Technology, KIT, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Richter
- Nanoscribe GmbH, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Applied Physics, APH, Karlsruhe, Institute of Technology, KIT, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany.,Institute of Nanotechnology, INT, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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26
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Barner-Kowollik C, Bastmeyer M, Blasco E, Delaittre G, Müller P, Richter B, Wegener M. 3D-Laser-Mikro-Nanodruck: Herausforderungen für die Chemie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201704695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering; Queensland University of Technology, QUT; 2 George Street Brisbane QLD 4001 Australien
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, ITCP; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Engesserstraße 18 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, IBG; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoologisches Institut, Zell- und Neurobiologie; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Fritz-Haber-Weg 4 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für funktionelle Grenzflächen, IFG; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Eva Blasco
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, ITCP; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Engesserstraße 18 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, IBG; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Guillaume Delaittre
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, ITCP; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Engesserstraße 18 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, IBG; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
- Institut für Toxikologie und Genetik, ITG; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Patrick Müller
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, APH; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Benjamin Richter
- Nanoscribe GmbH; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, APH; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; 76128 Karlsruhe Deutschland
- Institut für Nanotechnologie, INT; Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, KIT; Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen Deutschland
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27
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Wang Y, Yu H, Yang H, Hao X, Tang Q, Zhang X. An Injectable Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogel with Tunable Mechanical Properties and Self-Healing Abilities. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Hansen Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xiang Hao
- Department of Macromolecular Science; Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of the Education Ministry of China; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Quan Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
| | - Xingyuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry; School of Chemistry and Materials Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Hefei 230026 China
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28
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Schwärzle D, Hou X, Prucker O, Rühe J. Polymer Microstructures through Two-Photon Crosslinking. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703469. [PMID: 28833568 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon crosslinking of polymers (2PC) is proposed as a novel method for the fabrication of freestanding microstructures via two-photon lithography. During this process in the confocal volume, two-photon absorption leads to (formal) C,H-insertion reactions, and consequently to a strictly localized crosslinking of the polymer. To achieve this, the polymer is coated as a solvent-free (glassy) film onto an appropriate substrate, and the desired microstructure is written by 2PC into this glass. In all regions outside of the focal volume where no two-photon process occurs, the polymer remains uncrosslinked and can be washed away during a developing process. Using a self-assembled monolayer containing the same photoreactive group allows covalent attachment of the forming freestanding structures to the substrate, and thus guarantees an improved stability of these structures against shear-induced detachment. As the two photon process is carried out in the glassy state, in a simple way, multilayer structures can be used to write structures having a varying chemical composition perpendicular to the surface. As an example, the 2PC process is used to build a structure from both protein-repellent and protein-adsorbing polymers so that the resulting 3D structure exhibits spatially controlled protein adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schwärzle
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Xiaoqang Hou
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oswald Prucker
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Rühe
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
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29
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Gorsche C, Harikrishna R, Baudis S, Knaack P, Husar B, Laeuger J, Hoffmann H, Liska R. Real Time-NIR/MIR-Photorheology: A Versatile Tool for the in Situ Characterization of Photopolymerization Reactions. Anal Chem 2017; 89:4958-4968. [PMID: 28383904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In photopolymerization reactions, mostly multifunctional monomers are employed, as they ensure fast reaction times and good final mechanical properties of the cured materials. Drawing conclusions about the influence of the components and curing conditions on the mechanical properties of the subsequently formed insoluble networks is challenging. Therefore, an in situ observation of chemical and mechanical characteristics during the photopolymerization reaction is desired. By coupling of an infrared spectrometer with a photorheometer, a broad spectrum of different photopolymerizable formulations can be analyzed during the curing reaction. The rheological information (i.e., time to gelation, final modulus, shrinkage force) can be derived from a parallel plate rheometer equipped with a UV- and IR-translucent window (glass for NIR and CaF2 window for MIR). Chemical information (i.e., conversion at the gel point and final conversion) is gained by monitoring the decrease of the corresponding IR-peak for the reactive monomer unit (e.g., C═C double bond peak for (meth)acrylates, H-S thiol and C═C double bond peak in thiol-ene systems, C-O epoxy peak for epoxy resins). Depending on the relative concentration of reactive functional groups in the sample volume and the intensity of the IR signal, the conversion can be monitored in the near-infrared region (e.g., acrylate double bonds, epoxy groups) or the MIR region (e.g., thiol signal). Moreover, an integrated Peltier element and external heating hood enable the characterization of photopolymerization reactions at elevated temperatures, which also widens the window of application to resins that are waxy or solid at ambient conditions. By switching from water to heavy water, the chemical conversion during photopolymerization of hydrogel precursor formulations can also be examined. Moreover, this device could also represent an analytical tool for a variety of thermally and redox initiated systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gorsche
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry , Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reghunathan Harikrishna
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry , Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Baudis
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Knaack
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Branislav Husar
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Joerg Laeuger
- Anton Paar Germany GmbH , Helmuth-Hirth-Strasse 6, D-73760 Ostfildern, Germany
| | - Helmuth Hoffmann
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry , Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163 MC, 1060 Vienna, Austria.,Christian-Doppler-Laboratory for Photopolymers in Digital and Restorative Dentistry , Getreidemarkt 9, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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30
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Blasco E, Wegener M, Barner-Kowollik C. Photochemically Driven Polymeric Network Formation: Synthesis and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29. [PMID: 28075059 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201604005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Polymeric networks have been intensely investigated and a large number of applications have been found in areas ranging from biomedicine to materials science. Network fabrication via light-induced reactions is a particularly powerful tool, since light provides ready access to temporal and spatial control, opening an array of synthetic access routes for structuring the network geometry as well as functionality. Herein, the most recent light-induced modular reactions and their use in the formation of precision polymeric networks are collated. The synthetic strategies including photoinduced thiol-based reactions, Diels-Alder systems, and photogenerated reactive dipoles, as well as photodimerizations, are discussed in detail. Importantly, applications of the fabricated networks via the aforementioned reactions are highlighted with selected examples. Concomitantly, we provide future directions for the field, emphasizing the most critically required advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Blasco
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Straße 1, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institut für Biologische Grenzflächen, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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