1
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Kang H, Bae J, Lee J, Yun Y, Jeon S, Chung N, Jung J, Baek U, Lee J, Kim Y, Choi M. The Synergistic Effect of Carbon Black/Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Fillers on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of EPDM Composites after Exposure to High-Pressure Hydrogen Gas. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1065. [PMID: 38674985 PMCID: PMC11054514 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the synergistic effect of carbon black/multi-wall carbon nanotube (CB/MWCNT) hybrid fillers on the physical and mechanical properties of Ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) composites after exposure to high-pressure hydrogen gas. The EPDM/CB/CNT hybrid composites were prepared by using the EPDM/MWCNT master batch (MB) with 10 phr CNTs to enhance the dispersion of CNTs in hybrid composites. The investigation included a detailed analysis of cure characteristics, crosslink density, Payne effect, mechanical properties, and hydrogen permeation properties. After exposure to 96.3 MPa hydrogen gas, the hydrogen uptake and the change in volume and mechanical properties of the composites were assessed. We found that as the MWCNT volume fraction in fillers increased, the crosslink density, filler-filler interaction, and modulus of hybrid composites increased. The hydrogen uptake and the solubility of the composites decreased with an increasing MWCNT volume fraction in fillers. Moreover, after exposure to hydrogen gas, the change in volume and mechanical properties exhibited a diminishing trend with a higher MWCNT volume fraction. We conclude that the hybridization of CB and CNTs formed strong filler-filler networks in hybrid composites, consequently reinforcing the EPDM composites and enhancing the barrier properties of hydrogen gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunmin Kang
- Elastic Material Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Convergence Technology, Busan 47154, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (J.B.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jongwoo Bae
- Elastic Material Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Convergence Technology, Busan 47154, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (J.B.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jinhyok Lee
- Elastic Material Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Convergence Technology, Busan 47154, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (J.B.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yumi Yun
- Elastic Material Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Convergence Technology, Busan 47154, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (J.B.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Sangkoo Jeon
- Hydrogen Energy Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (N.C.); (J.J.); (U.B.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Nakkwan Chung
- Hydrogen Energy Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (N.C.); (J.J.); (U.B.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jaekap Jung
- Hydrogen Energy Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (N.C.); (J.J.); (U.B.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Unbong Baek
- Hydrogen Energy Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (N.C.); (J.J.); (U.B.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Jihun Lee
- Hydrogen Energy Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (N.C.); (J.J.); (U.B.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yewon Kim
- Hydrogen Energy Group, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea; (S.J.); (N.C.); (J.J.); (U.B.); (J.L.); (Y.K.)
| | - Myungchan Choi
- Elastic Material Research Group, Korea Institute of Materials Convergence Technology, Busan 47154, Republic of Korea; (H.K.); (J.B.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
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2
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Kodal M, Yazıcı Çakır N, Yıldırım R, Karakaya N, Özkoç G. Improved Heat Dissipation of NR/SBR-Based Tire Tread Compounds via Hybrid Fillers of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube and Carbon Black. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4503. [PMID: 38231911 PMCID: PMC10708557 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of thermally conductive rubber nanocomposites for heat management poses a formidable challenge in numerous applications, notably within the realm of tire technology. Notably, rubber materials are characterized by their inherently low thermal conductivity. Consequently, it becomes imperative to incorporate diverse conductive fillers to mitigate the propensity for heat build-up. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), as reinforcement agents within the tire tread compounds, have gained considerable attention owing to their extraordinary attributes. The attainment of high-performance rubber nanocomposites hinges significantly on the uniform distribution of MWCNT. This study presents the influence of MWCNTs on the performance of carbon black (CB)-reinforced natural rubber (NR)/styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) tire compounds prepared via high shear melt mixing. Morphological analysis showed a good distribution of MWCNTs in the NR/SBR/CB compound. The vulcanization parameters, such as the maximum and minimum torque, cross-linking density, hardness, abrasion resistance, tensile strength, and Young modulus, exhibited a progressive improvement with the addition of MWCNT. Remarkably, adding MWCNT into CB improved the heat conductivity of the NR/SBR/CB compounds, hence decreasing the heat build-up. A percolation mode was also proposed for the hybrid carbon fillers based on the data obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Kodal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye;
- Polymer Science and Technology Graduate Program, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye;
- Sabancı University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Istanbul, Türkiye;
| | - Nazlı Yazıcı Çakır
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye;
| | - Rumeysa Yıldırım
- Polymer Science and Technology Graduate Program, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye;
| | | | - Güralp Özkoç
- Sabancı University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center, 34956 Istanbul, Türkiye;
- Xplore Instruments B.V., 6135 KT Sittard, The Netherlands;
- Department of Chemistry, Istinye University, 34396 Istanbul, Türkiye
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3
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Bokobza L. Elastomer Nanocomposites: Effect of Filler-Matrix and Filler-Filler Interactions. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2900. [PMID: 37447545 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The reinforcement of elastomers is essential in the rubber industry in order to obtain the properties required for commercial applications. The addition of active fillers in an elastomer usually leads to an improvement in the mechanical properties such as the elastic modulus and the rupture properties. Filled rubbers are also characterized by two specific behaviors related to energy dissipation known as the Payne and the Mullins effects. The Payne effect is related to non-linear viscoelastic behavior of the storage modulus while the Mullins or stress-softening effect is characterized by a lowering in the stress when the vulcanizate is extended a second time. Both effects are shown to strongly depend on the interfacial adhesion and filler dispersion. The basic mechanisms of reinforcement are first discussed in the case of conventional rubber composites filled with carbon black or silica usually present in the host matrix in the form of aggregates and agglomerates. The use of nanoscale fillers with isotropic or anisotropic morphologies is expected to yield much more improvement than that imparted by micron-scale fillers owing to the very large polymer-filler interface. This work reports some results obtained with three types of nanoparticles that can reinforce rubbery matrices: spherical, rod-shaped and layered fillers. Each type of particle is shown to impart to the host medium a specific reinforcement on account of its own structure and geometry. The novelty of this work is to emphasize the particular mechanical behavior of some systems filled with nanospherical particles such as in situ silica-filled poly(dimethylsiloxane) networks that display a strong polymer-filler interface and whose mechanical response is typical of double network elastomers. Additionally, the potential of carbon dots as a reinforcing filler for elastomeric materials is highlighted. Different results are reported on the reinforcement imparted by carbon nanotubes and graphenic materials that is far below their expected capability despite the development of various techniques intended to reduce particle aggregation and improve interfacial bonding with the host matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Bokobza
- Independent Researcher, 194-196 Boulevard Bineau, 92200 Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France
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4
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Tuli A, Singh AP. Polymer-based wearable nano-composite sensors: a review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2022.2161737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aashish Tuli
- Mechanical Engineering, UIET Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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5
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Reinforcing effects of carbon nanotubes on graphene/trans-1,4-polyisoprene/natural rubber composites. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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6
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Applications of Spectroscopic Techniques for Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposite: A Review. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-022-02461-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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7
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Testing of Rubber Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153039. [PMID: 35956555 PMCID: PMC9370756 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted growing interest as a filler in rubber nanocomposites due to their mechanical and electrical properties. In this study, the mechanical properties of a NR/BR/IR/SBR compound reinforced with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), tensile tests, hardness tests, and a dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA). The tested materials differed in SWCNT content (1.00–2.00 phr) and were compared with a reference compound without the nanofiller. AFM was used to obtain the topography and spectroscopic curves based on which local elasticity was characterized. The results of the tensile and hardness tests showed a reinforcing effect of the SWCNTs. It was observed that an addition of 2.00 phr of the SWCNTs resulted in increases in tensile strength by 9.5%, Young’s modulus by 15.44%, and hardness by 11.18%, while the elongation at break decreased by 8.39% compared with the reference compound. The results of the temperature and frequency sweep DMA showed higher values of storage and loss moduli, as well as lower values of tangent of phase angle, with increasing SWCNT content.
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8
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Liang X, Nakajima K. Study of the Mullins Effect in Carbon Black-Filled Styrene–Butadiene Rubber by Atomic Force Microscopy Nanomechanics. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Liang
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Nakajima
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ookayama 2-12-1, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
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9
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Kun H, Li J, Li K, Yan N, bian C, Guan Y, Yang Y, Li H. Effects of temperature and pressure on chemical vapour deposition in micro-nano porous structure in char layer of polymer composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Reinforcement Mechanism of Carbon Black-Filled Rubber Nanocomposite as Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy Nanomechanics. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223922. [PMID: 34833221 PMCID: PMC8618764 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanomechanics were used to visualize the nanoscale stress distribution in carbon black (CB)-reinforced isoprene rubber (IR) vulcanizates at different elongations and quantitatively evaluate their volume fractions for the first time. The stress concentrations in the protofibrous structure (stress chains) that formed around the CB filler in CB-reinforced IR vulcanizates were directly observed at the nanoscale. The relationship between the local nanoscale stress distribution and macroscopic tensile properties was revealed based on the microscopic stress distribution and microscopic spatial structure. This study can help us gain insight into the microscopic reinforcement mechanism of carbon black-containing rubber composites.
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11
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Xu H, Qu M, Yang Q, Schubert DW. Investigating the electrical percolation threshold of ternary composite films with different compatibility between polymer blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2021-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Electrical conductive of polystyrene (PS)/poly(butyl methacrylate) (PBMA)/carbon black (CB) and PS/poly (cyclohexyl methacrylate) (PChMA)/CB ternary composite films with different polymer blend ratios are prepared through solution casting. The percolation thresholds (ϕ
c
) of all the composite films before and after thermal annealing have been determined through the McLachlan GEM equation. Moreover, the PS/poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/CB and PS/poly (ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA)/CB films obtained from the same method while only considering conductivity after thermal annealing as well in this work for comparison. Though the CB particles are revealed to be located at only one polymer phase of all four different polymer blends, with compatibility between polymer blends increasing, the ternary composite films show different ϕ
c
behaviors by changing polymer blend ratios. In PS/PChMA/CB case, the phase separation between PChMA and PS cannot be observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). After thermal annealing, all the ϕ
c
of PS/PChMA/CB films with different PS/PChMA ratios almost show a linear behavior instead of the double percolation behavior with PChMA content increasing. Suppose both ϕ
c
of binary systems (polymer A/filler and polymer B/filler) is determined. In that case, a linear behavior relationship between the ϕ
c
of the ternary composites (A + B + fillers) with the ratio of two polymers can be revealed when polymer A and B are miscible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagen Xu
- Zhuhai Seine Printing Technology Co., Ltd , 519075 Zhuhai , China
- Institute of Polymer Materials , Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Martensstr. 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Muchao Qu
- School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering , Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University , 510450 Guangzhou , China
| | - Qiancheng Yang
- Zhuhai Seine Printing Technology Co., Ltd , 519075 Zhuhai , China
| | - Dirk W. Schubert
- Institute of Polymer Materials , Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg , Martensstr. 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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12
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Shahamatifard F, Rodrigue D, Park KW, Frikha S, Mighri F. Natural rubber nanocomposites: effect of carbon black/multi-walled carbon nanotubes hybrid fillers on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2021.1930044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Shahamatifard
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems, CREPEC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - D. Rodrigue
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems, CREPEC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - F. Mighri
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems, CREPEC, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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13
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You Y, Rong MZ, Zhang MQ. Adaptable Reversibly Interlocked Networks from Immiscible Polymers Enhanced by Hierarchy-Induced Multilevel Energy Consumption Mechanisms. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang You
- Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Min Zhi Rong
- Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
| | - Ming Qiu Zhang
- Materials Science Institute, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, GD HPPC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
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14
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Idris NJ, Bakar SA, Mohamed A, Muqoyyanah M, Othman MHD, Mamat MH, Ahmad MK, Birowosuto MD, Soga T. Photocatalytic performance improvement by utilizing GO_MWCNTs hybrid solution on sand/ZnO/TiO 2-based photocatalysts to degrade methylene blue dye. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:6966-6979. [PMID: 33025441 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, sand/zinc oxide (ZnO)/titanium dioxide (TiO2)-based photocatalysts were hybridized with graphene oxide (GO) and GO_multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) hybrid solution. The novel hybrid was then used in photocatalysis to degrade dye contamination. The nanocomposite photocatalyst was initially fabricated by growing ZnO nanorods (NRs) via sol-gel immersion followed by synthesizing TiO2 NRs for different times (5 and 20 h) using a hydrothermal method on sand as a substrate. Prior to the hybridization, the initial GO was synthesized using electrochemical exfoliation and further mixed with 1 wt% MWCNTs to form GO_MWCNTs hybrid solution. The synthesized GO and GO_MWCNTs hybrid solution were then incorporated onto sand/ZnO/TiO2 nanocomposite-based photocatalysts through immersion. Various sand/ZnO/TiO2-based photocatalysts were then tested for methylene blue (MB) dye degradation within 3 days. On the basis of UV-Vis measurement, the highest MB degradation was achieved by using sand/ZnO NRs/TiO2 NRs (5 h)/GO_MWCNTs (92.60%). The high surface area and high electrical conductivity of GO_MWCNTs prolonged the lifetime of electron/hole separation and thus enhanced the photocatalytic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Jannah Idris
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Suriani Abu Bakar
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia.
| | - Azmi Mohamed
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muqoyyanah Muqoyyanah
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900, Tanjung Malim, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Hafiz Mamat
- NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Khairul Ahmad
- Microelectronic and Nanotechnology-Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Danang Birowosuto
- CNRS International NTU Thales Research Alliance (CINTRA), Research Techno Plaza, 50 Nanyang Drive, Border X Block, Singapore, 637553, Singapore
| | - Tetsuo Soga
- Department of Frontier Materials, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan
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15
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Parameswaran SK, Bhattacharya S, Mukhopadhyay R, Naskar K, Bhowmick AK. Excavating the unique synergism of nanofibers and carbon black in Natural rubber based tire tread composition. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.49682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kinsuk Naskar
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal India
| | - Anil K. Bhowmick
- Rubber Technology Centre, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur West Bengal India
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering The University of Houston Houston Texas USA
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16
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Shahamatifard F, Rodrigue D, Park K, Frikha S, Mighri F. Preparation and Characterization of Reduced Graphene Oxide Based Natural Rubber Nanocomposites. INT POLYM PROC 2020. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Shahamatifard
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems, CREPEC, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - D. Rodrigue
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems, CREPEC, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - K. Park
- CAMSO, Magog, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - F. Mighri
- Research Center for High Performance Polymer and Composite Systems, CREPEC, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, QC, Canada
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17
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Khalifeh S, Tavakoli M. Styrene butadiene rubber/epoxidized natural rubber/carbon filler nanocomposites: microstructural development and cure characterization. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-019-00761-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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18
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Ornaghi FG, Bianchi O, Ornaghi HL, Jacobi MAM. Fluoroelastomers reinforced with carbon nanofibers: A survey on rheological, swelling, mechanical, morphological, and prediction of the thermal degradation kinetic behavior. POLYM ENG SCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe G. Ornaghi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Otávio Bianchi
- Universidade de Caxias do Sul Caxias do Sul Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Heitor L. Ornaghi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
| | - Marly A. M. Jacobi
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Rio Grande do Sul Brazil
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19
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Thomas S, Abraham J, George SC, Thomas S. Role of CNT/clay hybrid on the mechanical, electrical and transport properties of NBR/NR blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Effects of Graphene Nanoplatelets and Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid) Composites: A Comparative Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9030469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lactic acid)/graphene and poly(lactic acid)/carbon nanotube nanocomposites were prepared by an easy and low-cost method of melt blending of preliminary grinded poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with nanosized carbon fillers used as powder. Morphological, structural and mechanical properties were investigated to reveal the influence of carbon nanofiller on the PLA–based composite. The dependence of tensile strength on nanocomposite loading was defined by a series of experiments over extruded filaments using a universal mechanical testing instrument. The applying the XRD technique disclosed that compounds crystallinity significantly changed upon addition of multi walled carbon nanotubes. We demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy can be used as a quick and unambiguous method to determine the homogeneity of the nanocomposites in terms of carbon filler dispersion in a polymer matrix.
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Bokobza L. Natural Rubber Nanocomposites: A Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 9:E12. [PMID: 30583554 PMCID: PMC6359587 DOI: 10.3390/nano9010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews studies carried out on natural rubber filled with nanofillers such as spherical silica particles (generated by the sol gel reaction), clays and carbon nanostructures. It is shown that the mechanical response of NR is influenced by several parameters including the processing conditions, the state of filler dispersion, the polymer-filler interactions and the filler morphological aspects. Even if the sol gel process conducted in vulcanized rubber yields almost ideal dispersions, rod-shaped particles such as clay, carbon fibers or carbon nanotubes are by far more efficient in terms of mechanical reinforcement on account of their anisotropic character and their ability to orientate in the direction of stretch. The efficiency of layered fillers such as clays or graphitic structures clearly depends on the way they are dispersed (exfoliated) in the rubber. Complete exfoliation still remains difficult to achieve which limits the tremendous nanoreinforcement expected from a single layer of clay or graphite. In all cases, the onset of crystallization is observed at a lower strain value than that of the unfilled matrix due to strain amplification effects.
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22
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Klonos P, Sulym IY, Sternik D, Konstantinou P, Goncharuk OV, Deryło–Marczewska A, Gun'ko VM, Kyritsis A, Pissis P. Morphology, crystallization and rigid amorphous fraction in PDMS adsorbed onto carbon nanotubes and graphite. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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23
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Kampioti K, Matos CF, Galembeck F, Jaillet C, Derré A, Zarbin AJ, Pénicaud A. Highly Conducting, Sustainable, Nanographitic Rubber Composites. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:1367-1373. [PMID: 31458465 PMCID: PMC6641372 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly multifunctional rubber composites are reported. Graphitic nanocarbon (NC) deriving from cracking of biogas (methane/carbon dioxide) and natural rubber extracted directly from the Hevea brasiliensis tree are the two components of these composites produced via latex technology. While maintaining and enhancing the intrinsic thermal and mechanical characteristics of rubber, the presence of NC shows a significant improvement on the electrical response. For a 10 wt % NC content, a 1010-fold increase in conductivity has been achieved with a conductivity value of 7.5 S·m-1, placing these composites among the best obtained using other carbon fillers. In addition, the piezoresistive behavior has also been verified. These promising green composites have a potential use in a variety of applications such as sealing of electronic devices and sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Kampioti
- CNRS,
Research Center Paul Pascal (CRPP), UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
- University
of Bordeaux, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Carolina F. Matos
- Department
of Chemistry, Federal University of Paranà
(UFPR), CP 19032, Centro
Politecnico, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, Paranà, Brazil
| | - Fernando Galembeck
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), CP 6154, CEP 13083-970 Campinas, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christèle Jaillet
- CNRS,
Research Center Paul Pascal (CRPP), UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
- University
of Bordeaux, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Alain Derré
- CNRS,
Research Center Paul Pascal (CRPP), UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
- University
of Bordeaux, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
| | - Aldo J.G. Zarbin
- Department
of Chemistry, Federal University of Paranà
(UFPR), CP 19032, Centro
Politecnico, CEP 81531-980 Curitiba, Paranà, Brazil
| | - Alain Pénicaud
- CNRS,
Research Center Paul Pascal (CRPP), UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
- University
of Bordeaux, UPR 8641, F-33600 Pessac, France
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24
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Abraham J, Thomas J, Kalarikkal N, George SC, Thomas S. Static and Dynamic Mechanical Characteristics of Ionic Liquid Modified MWCNT-SBR Composites: Theoretical Perspectives for the Nanoscale Reinforcement Mechanism. J Phys Chem B 2018; 122:1525-1536. [PMID: 29356529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b10479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Well-dispersed, robust, mechanicaly long-term stable functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (f-MWCNT)-styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) nanocomposites were fabricated via a melt mixing route with the assistance of ionic liquid as a dispersing agent. The mechanical properties of f-MWCNT/SBR vulcanizates were compared over a range of loadings, and it was found that the network morphology was highly favorable for mechanical performance with enlarged stiffness. A comparative investigation of composite models found that modified Kelly-Tyson theory gave an excellent fit to tensile strength data of the composites considering the effect of the interphase between polymer and f-MWCNT. Dynamic mechanical analysis highlighted the mechanical reinforcement due to the improved filler-polymer interactions which were the consequence of proper dispersion of the nanotubes in the SBR matrix. Effectiveness of filler, entanglement density, and adhesion factor were evaluated to get an in depth understanding of the reinforcing mechanism of modified MWCNT. The amount of polymer chains immobilized by the filler surface computed from dynamic mechanical analysis further supports a substantial boost up in mechanics. The Cole-Cole plot shows an imperfect semicircular curve representing the heterogeneity of the system and moderately worthy filler polymer bonding. The combined results of structural characterizatrion by Raman spectroscopy, cure characteristics, mechanical properties, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) confirm the role of ionic liquid modified MWCNT as a reinforcing agent in the present system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiji Abraham
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University , P.D. Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Jince Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University , P.D. Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University , P.D. Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.,School of Pure and Applied Physics, Mahatma Gandhi University , Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
| | - Soney C George
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Department of Basic Sciences, Amal Jyothi College of Engineering , Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University , P.D. Hills, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.,School of Chemical Sciences, Mahatma Gandhi University , Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India
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25
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Bokobza L. Spectroscopic Techniques for the Characterization of Polymer Nanocomposites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 10:polym10010007. [PMID: 30966046 PMCID: PMC6415100 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the growing interest in nanocomposites, a molecular characterization of these materials is essential for the understanding of their properties and for the development of new materials. Spectroscopic techniques that bring information at a molecular level are unavoidable when characterizing polymers, fillers and composites. Selected examples of the application of fluorescence, solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared and Raman spectroscopies, illustrate the potential of these techniques for the analysis of the filler surface, the evaluation of the state of filler dispersion in the host matrix, the extent of interaction between the polymer and the filler particles or the dynamics of polymer chains at the polymer–filler interface.
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26
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Yin B, Wen Y, Jia H, Wang J, Xu Z, Ding L. Synergistic effects of hybridization of carbon black and carbon nanotubes on the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity of a rubber blend system. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2016-0375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effects of hybridization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with carbon black (CB) and the structure-property relationships of nanocomposites based on hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber/hydrogenated carboxylated nitrile-butadiene rubber blends were extensively studied. MWCNTs used in this work were modified through acid treatment to improve the dispersion of MWCNTs in the rubber matrix and the surface interaction between MWCNTs and matrix. Synergistic interaction between CB and MWCNTs increased the tensile modulus and tear strength of nanocomposites. The effect of MWCNTs on the transport properties invoked an increment in the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites. A combination of 10 phr (parts per hundred rubber) MWCNTs with 40 phr CB dramatically increased the modulus at 100% elongation, tear strength, and thermal conductivity of the nanocomposite by 66%, 28%, and 36%, respectively, compared with those of nanocomposite filled with 40 phr CB.
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27
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Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Elastomer Nanocomposites Based on Different Carbon Nanomaterials. C — JOURNAL OF CARBON RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/c3020010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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28
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Coelho PHDSL, Morales AR. Modelos de percolação elétrica aplicados para compósitos poliméricos condutores. POLIMEROS 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resumo O presente artigo apresenta a aplicação e adequação dos modelos de percolação elétrica em trabalhos experimentais e teóricos da literatura para compósitos poliméricos condutores. Foi realizado um levantamento das publicações referentes aos modelos estudados para os diferentes tipos de cargas condutoras mais aplicadas na preparação destes compósitos, tais como pós metálicos, grafite, negro de fumo, nanofibras e nanotubos de carbono. A discussão está apresentada quanto à adequação dos modelos ao comportamento dos compósitos na influência das cargas nas propriedades elétricas de matrizes poliméricas.
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29
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Kumar V, Lee JY, Lee DJ. Synergistic effects of hybrid carbon nanomaterials in room-temperature-vulcanized silicone rubber. POLYM INT 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Kumar
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yong Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Joo Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering; Yeungnam University; Gyeongsan Republic of Korea
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30
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Effect of different ionic liquids on the dispersion and phase selective wetting of carbon nanotubes in rubber blends. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Paszkiewicz S, Szymczyk A, Sui XM, Wagner HD, Linares A, Cirera A, Varea A, Ezquerra TA, Rosłaniec Z. Electrical conductivity and transparency of polymer hybrid nanocomposites based on poly(trimethylene terephthalate) containing single walled carbon nanotubes and expanded graphite. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Paszkiewicz
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Piastow Avenue 19 Szczecin PL-70310 Poland
| | - A. Szymczyk
- Institute of Physics, West Pomeranian University of Technology; Piastow Avenue 19 Szczecin PL-70310 Poland
| | - X. M. Sui
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - H. D. Wagner
- Department of Materials and Interfaces; Weizmann Institute of Science; Rehovot 76100 Israel
| | - A. Linares
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC; Serrano 121 Madrid 28006 Spain
| | - A. Cirera
- Departament d'Electrònica; IN2UB-Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - A. Varea
- Departament d'Electrònica; IN2UB-Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - T. A. Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, IEM-CSIC; Serrano 121 Madrid 28006 Spain
| | - Z. Rosłaniec
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering; West Pomeranian University of Technology; Piastow Avenue 19 Szczecin PL-70310 Poland
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32
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Dong B, Liu C, Lu Y, Zhang L, Wu Y. Effects of hybrid filler networks of carbon nanotubes and carbon black on fracture resistance of styrene-butadiene rubber composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yonglai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
| | - Youping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Beijing University of Chemical Technology; Beijing 100029 China
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33
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34
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Le H, Pham T, Henning S, Klehm J, Wießner S, Stöckelhuber KW, Das A, Hoang X, Do Q, Wu M, Vennemann N, Heinrich G, Radusch HJ. Formation and stability of carbon nanotube network in natural rubber: Effect of non-rubber components. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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35
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Salkhord S, Sadeghi Ghari H. Synergistic reinforcement of NBR by hybrid filler system including organoclay and nano-CaCO3. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Salkhord
- Department of Polymer Engineering; Islamic Azad University; Mahshahr Branch Mahshahr Iran
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36
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Influence of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) dispersion on ignition of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-MWCNT composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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37
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Dey P, Naskar K, Dash B, Nair S, Unnikrishnan G, Nando GB. Selective dispersion of carbon fillers into dynamically vulcanized rubber/plastic blends: a thermodynamic approach to evaluate polymer reinforcement and conductivity enhancement. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16941g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase selective and thermodynamically controlled dispersion of filler particles into the dynamically vulcanized rubber/plastic blends depicting higher abundance of carbon black in the thermoplastic phase with the progressive filler addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranab Dey
- Rubber Technology Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur – 721302
- India
| | - Kinsuk Naskar
- Rubber Technology Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur – 721302
- India
| | | | | | | | - Golok B. Nando
- Rubber Technology Centre
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur
- Kharagpur – 721302
- India
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38
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Sousa FDBD, Scuracchio CH. The use of atomic force microscopy as an important technique to analyze the dispersion of nanometric fillers and morphology in nanocomposites and polymer blends based on elastomers. POLIMEROS 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/0104-1428.1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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39
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The role of linked phospholipids in the rubber-filler interaction in carbon nanotube (CNT) filled natural rubber (NR) composites. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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40
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Ahmad S. Organic semiconductors for device applications: current trends and future prospects. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2013-0267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
With the rich experience of developing silicon devices over a period of the last six decades, it is easy to assess the suitability of a new material for device applications by examining charge carrier injection, transport, and extraction across a practically realizable architecture; surface passivation; and packaging and reliability issues besides the feasibility of preparing mechanically robust wafer/substrate of single-crystal or polycrystalline/amorphous thin films. For material preparation, parameters such as purification of constituent materials, crystal growth, and thin-film deposition with minimum defects/disorders are equally important. Further, it is relevant to know whether conventional semiconductor processes, already known, would be useable directly or would require completely new technologies. Having found a likely candidate after such a screening, it would be necessary to identify a specific area of application against an existing list of materials available with special reference to cost reduction considerations in large-scale production. Various families of organic semiconductors are reviewed here, especially with the objective of using them in niche areas of large-area electronic displays, flexible organic electronics, and organic photovoltaic solar cells. While doing so, it appears feasible to improve mobility and stability by adjusting π-conjugation and modifying the energy band-gap. Higher conductivity nanocomposites, formed by blending with chemically conjugated C-allotropes and metal nanoparticles, open exciting methods of designing flexible contact/interconnects for organic and flexible electronics as can be seen from the discussion included here.
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41
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Sae-Oui P, Thepsuwan U, Thaptong P, Sirisinha C. Comparison of Reinforcing Efficiency of Carbon Black, Conductive Carbon Black, and Carbon Nanotube in Natural Rubber. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pongdhorn Sae-Oui
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center; Klong-Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
- Rubber Technology Research Centre; Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus; Salaya Nakornprathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Uthai Thepsuwan
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center; Klong-Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
- Rubber Technology Research Centre; Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus; Salaya Nakornprathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Puchong Thaptong
- National Metal and Materials Technology Center; Klong-Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
- Rubber Technology Research Centre; Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus; Salaya Nakornprathom 73170 Thailand
| | - Chakrit Sirisinha
- Rubber Technology Research Centre; Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Salaya Campus; Salaya Nakornprathom 73170 Thailand
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science, Mahidol University; Bangkok 10400 Thailand
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42
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Jana KK, Patel M, Rana D, Maiti P. Nonlinear Viscoelasticity of One Dimensional Filler Reinforced Elastomer Composites. NON-LINEAR VISCOELASTICITY OF RUBBER COMPOSITES AND NANOCOMPOSITES 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-08702-3_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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43
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Jose JP, Thomas S. Alumina–clay nanoscale hybrid filler assembling in cross-linked polyethylene based nanocomposites: mechanics and thermal properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14730-40. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01532k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, investigation on XLPE–Al2O3–clay ternary hybrid systems of Al2O3 and clay in 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 ratios, binary systems of XLPE–clay and XLPE–Al2O3 nanocomposites, with special reference to the hybrid filler effect and the superior microstructural development in ternary systems is conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josmin P. Jose
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Chemical Sciences
- Mahatma Gandhi University
- Kottayam, India
- International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
- Mahatma Gandhi University
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44
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Bokobza L, Bruneel JL, Couzi M. Raman spectroscopic investigation of carbon-based materials and their composites. Comparison between carbon nanotubes and carbon black. Chem Phys Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2013.10.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Nik Ismail N, Ansarifar A, Song M. Effect of hybrid reinforcement based on precipitated silica and montmorillonite nanofillers on the mechanical properties of a silicone rubber. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N.I. Nik Ismail
- Technology and Engineering Division, Advanced Rubber Technology Unit; Rubber Research Institute Malaysia (RRIM); 47000 Sungai Buloh Selangor Darul Ehsan Malaysia
| | - A. Ansarifar
- Materials Department; Loughborough University; Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
| | - M. Song
- Materials Department; Loughborough University; Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK
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46
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Poikelispää M, Das A, Dierkes W, Vuorinen J. The effect of partial replacement of carbon black by carbon nanotubes on the properties of natural rubber/butadiene rubber compound. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minna Poikelispää
- Department of Materials Science; Tampere University of Technology; Tampere; Finland
| | | | | | - Jyrki Vuorinen
- Department of Materials Science; Tampere University of Technology; Tampere; Finland
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47
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Ghari HS, Arani AJ, Shakouri Z. MIXING SEQUENCE IN NATURAL RUBBER CONTAINING ORGANOCLAY AND NANO–CALCIUM CARBONATE TERNARY HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.5254/rct.13.87967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Rubber nanocomposites containing one type of nanofiller are common and are widely established in the research field. In this study, natural rubber (NR) based ternary nanocomposites containing both calcium carbonate and organoclay have been characterized on the basis of morphology, cure characteristics, and physico-mechanical behavior. Natural rubber nanocomposite samples containing modified silicate (Cloisite 15A) and also nano-carbonate calcium were prepared using a laboratory internal mixer. The effect of the mixing sequence on the morphology and mechanical properties of the samples was investigated. Based on results of morphology and mechanical properties, the dual fillers phase nanocomposites (hybrid nanocomposite) perform better in comparison with single filler phase nanocomposites. The reinforcing capability of nano-CaCO3 and organoclay in NR was characterized by means of cure rheometry, morphology, and mechanical properties. NR/single filler phase and two filler phase nanocomposites were prepared by simple melt mixing method. Concentration of nano-CaCO3 and organoclay in NR was 10 and 5 parts per one hundred parts of rubber by weight, respectively. The microstructure and homogeneity of the compounds was confirmed by studying the dispersion of nanoparticles in NR via X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. A more pronounced effect was achieved by using dual filler based nanocomposites as compared with single filler phase nanocomposites. The obtained results reveal that hybrid nanocomposites have more adequate morphology, rheometery, and mechanical behaviors as well as swelling resistance. The effect of mixing sequence of fillers has been studied in detail. Simultaneous addition of the two nanofillers to the NR compound would lead to better nanocomposite properties compared with other mixing sequences. Also, the results show that the mixing sequence of these nanofillers in NR has little effect on the performance of the nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedayatollah Sadeghi Ghari
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 164, Omidieh Branch, Khuzestan, Iran
| | - Azam Jalali Arani
- Amirkabir University of Technology, Department of Polymer Engineering and Color Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Shakouri
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 164, Omidieh Branch, Khuzestan, Iran
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48
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Preparation and properties of carboxylated styrene-butadiene rubber/cellulose nanocrystals composites. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Poikelispää M, Das A, Dierkes W, Vuorinen J. Synergistic effect of plasma-modified halloysite nanotubes and carbon black in natural rubber-butadiene rubber blend. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ghari HS, Shakouri Z. NATURAL RUBBER HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITES REINFORCED WITH SWELLED ORGANOCLAY AND NANO-CALCIUM CARBONATE. RUBBER CHEMISTRY AND TECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.5254/1.3672436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Two natural rubber (NR) nanocomposites have been prepared with organoclay(MMT) and swelled organoclay (SMMT) using melt intercalation method. The effect of these two MMTss on the morphology, rheometery, and mechanical behaviors of NR has been evaluated. Scorch times for the MMT-filled compounds were very short compared to unfilled compounds. A more pronounced effect was achieved by using SMMT as reinforcing agent. The obtained results reveal that nanocomposites reinforced by SMMT have more adequate morphology, rheometery, and mechanical behaviors as well as swelling resistance. The microstructure of the NR/MMT systems was studied by x-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Following, the effect of different content of nano-calcium carbonate on dispersion of MMT layers in NR/SMMT nanocomposites was investigated. The results show that the optimized value of filler in dual fillers-based nanocomposite systems was equal to 10 phr nano-calcium carbonate. NR based hybrid nanocomposites containing SMMT and nano-calcium carbonate was showed 445% increase in tensile strength, 144% stress improvement at 100% strain, and only 3% increase in elongation at break compared to pure NR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Shakouri
- 2YOUNG RESEARCHERS CLUB, ISLAMIC AZAD UNIVERSITY, OMIDIEH BRANCH, KHUZESTAN, IRAN
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