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Ito R, Barnes EA, Che X, Alvira CM, Cornfield DN. SM22α cell-specific HIF stabilization mitigates hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L129-L141. [PMID: 35762602 PMCID: PMC9342196 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00110.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Though survival rates for preterm infants are improving, the incidence of chronic lung disease of infancy, or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), remains high. Histologically, BPD is characterized by larger and fewer alveoli. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) may be protective in the context of hyperoxia-induced lung injury, but the cell-specific effects of HIF expression in neonatal lung injury remain unknown. Thus, we sought to determine whether HIF stabilization in SM22α-expressing cells can limit hyperoxia-induced neonatal lung injury. We generated SM22α-specific HIF-1α-stabilized mice (SM22α-PHD1/2-/- mice) by cross-breeding SM22α-promotor-driven Cre recombinase mice with prolyl hydroxylase PHD1flox/flox and PHD2flox/flox mice. Neonatal mice were randomized to 21% O2 (normoxia) or 80% O2 (hyperoxia) exposure for 14 days. For the hyperoxia recovery studies, neonatal mice were recovered from normoxia for an additional 10 wk. SM22α-specific HIF-1α stabilization mitigated hyperoxia-induced lung injury and preserved microvessel density compared with control mice for both neonates and adults. In SM22α-PHD1/2-/- mice, pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) were more proliferative and pulmonary arteries expressed more collagen IV compared with control mice, even under hyperoxic conditions. Angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) mRNA expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) was greater in SM22α-PHD1/2-/- compared with control mice in both normoxia and hyperoxia. Pulmonary endothelial cells (PECs) cocultured with PASMC isolated from SM22α-PHD1/2-/- mice formed more tubes and branches with greater tube length compared with PEC cocultured with PASMC isolated from SM22α-PHD1/2+/+ mice. Addition of Ang2 recombinant protein further augmented tube formation for both PHD1/2+/+ and PHD1/2-/- PASMC. Cell-specific deletion of PHD1 and 2 selectively increases HIF-1α expression in SM22α-expressing cells and protects neonatal lung development despite prolonged hyperoxia exposure. HIF stabilization in SM22α-expressing cells preserved endothelial cell proliferation, microvascular density, increased angiopoietin-2 expression, and lung structure, suggesting a role for cell-specific HIF-1α stabilization to prevent neonatal lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reiji Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Elizabeth A. Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Xibing Che
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Cristina M. Alvira
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - David N. Cornfield
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Excellence in Pulmonary Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
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Angiopoietin-1 protects against endotoxin-induced neonatal lung injury and alveolar simplification in mice. Pediatr Res 2022; 91:1405-1415. [PMID: 33980990 PMCID: PMC8586034 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis in premature newborns is a risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), but underlying mechanisms of lung injury remain unclear. Aberrant expression of endothelial cell (EC) angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2) disrupts angiopoietin 1 (ANGPT1)/TIE2-mediated endothelial quiescence, and is implicated in sepsis-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults. We hypothesized that recombinant ANGPT1 will mitigate sepsis-induced ANGPT2 expression, inflammation, acute lung injury (ALI), and alveolar remodeling in the saccular lung. METHODS Effects of recombinant ANGPT1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial inflammation were evaluated in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC). ALI and long-term alveolar remodeling were assessed in newborn mice exposed to intraperitoneal LPS and recombinant ANGPT1 pretreatment. RESULTS LPS dephosphorylated EC TIE2 in association with increased ANGPT2 in vivo and in vitro. ANGPT1 suppressed LPS and ANGPT2-induced EC inflammation in HPMEC. Neonatal mice treated with LPS had increased lung cytokine expression, neutrophilic influx, and cellular apoptosis. ANGPT1 pre-treatment suppressed LPS-induced lung Toll-like receptor signaling, inflammation, and ALI. LPS-induced acute increases in metalloproteinase 9 expression and elastic fiber breaks, as well as a long-term decrease in radial alveolar counts, were mitigated by ANGPT1. CONCLUSIONS In an experimental model of sepsis-induced BPD, ANGPT1 preserved endothelial quiescence, inhibited ALI, and suppressed alveolar simplification. IMPACT Key message: Angiopoietin 1 inhibits LPS-induced neonatal lung injury and alveolar remodeling. Additions to existing literature: Demonstrates dysregulation of angiopoietin-TIE2 axis is important for sepsis- induced acute lung injury and alveolar simplification in experimental BPD. Establishes recombinant Angiopoietin 1 as an anti-inflammatory therapy in BPD. IMPACT Angiopoietin 1-based interventions may represent novel therapies for mitigating sepsis-induced lung injury and BPD in premature infants.
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Novel biomarkers of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and bronchopulmonary dysplasia-associated pulmonary hypertension. J Perinatol 2020; 40:1634-1643. [PMID: 32811975 PMCID: PMC7664991 DOI: 10.1038/s41372-020-00788-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify and compare levels of potential biomarkers in neonates with (i) Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); (ii) BPD-associated pulmonary hypertension (BPD-PH); (iii) PH without BPD; and (iv) neonates without lung disease at ~36 weeks postmenstrual age. STUDY DESIGN Multiple potential biomarkers were measured in plasma samples of 90 patients using a multi-spot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical tests done included one-way ANOVA to compare levels of biomarkers between different groups. RESULTS Higher levels of ICAM-1 were present in infants with BPD and correlated with its severity. Infants with BPD have significantly higher levels of ANG-2 and lower levels of ANG-1. Infants with PH have higher levels of: IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α. Infants with BPD-PH have significantly lower levels of MCP-1 and higher levels of IL-1β than infants with PH without BPD. CONCLUSION ICAM-1 may be used as a specific biomarker for diagnosis of BPD and its severity.
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Signaling Pathways Involved in the Development of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Pulmonary Hypertension. CHILDREN-BASEL 2020; 7:children7080100. [PMID: 32824651 PMCID: PMC7465273 DOI: 10.3390/children7080100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The alveolar and vascular developmental arrest in the premature infants poses a major problem in the management of these infants. Although, with the current management, the survival rate has improved in these infants, but bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a serious complication associated with a high mortality rate. During the neonatal developmental period, these infants are vulnerable to stress. Hypoxia, hyperoxia, and ventilation injury lead to oxidative and inflammatory stress, which induce further damage in the lung alveoli and vasculature. Development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in infants with BPD worsens the prognosis. Despite considerable progress in the management of premature infants, therapy to prevent BPD is not yet available. Animal experiments have shown deregulation of multiple signaling factors such as transforming growth factorβ (TGFβ), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), caveolin-1, wingless & Int-1 (WNT)/β-catenin, and elastin in the pathogenesis of BPD. This article reviews the signaling pathways entailed in the pathogenesis of BPD associated with PH and the possible management.
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Foetal lung volumes in pregnant women who deliver very preterm: a pilot study. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:1066-1071. [PMID: 31812155 PMCID: PMC7610998 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infants born preterm are at increased risk of pulmonary morbidity. The contribution of antenatal factors to impairments in lung structure/function has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to compare standardized lung volumes from foetuses that were delivered <32 weeks' gestation with foetuses that were delivered >37 weeks. METHODS Fourteen women who delivered <32 weeks gestation and 56 women who delivered >37 underwent a foetal MRI. Slice-volume reconstruction was then used and the foetal lungs were then segmented using multi-atlas approaches. Body volumes were calculated by manual segmentation and lung:body volume ratios generated. RESULTS Mean gestation at MRI of the preterm group was 27+2 weeks (SD 2.9, range 20+6-31+3) and control group 25+3 weeks (SD 4.7 range 20+5-31+6). Mean gestation at delivery of the preterm group was 29+2 weeks (SD 2.6, range 22+0-32+0). Lung:body volume ratios and foetal lung volumes were smaller in foetuses that were delivered preterm both with and without preterm premature rupture of membranes compared to those born at term (p < 0.001 in all cases). CONCLUSIONS Foetuses that were delivered very preterm had reduced lung volumes when standardized for foetal size, irrespective of ruptured membranes. These are novel findings and suggest an antenatal aetiology of insult and possible focus for future preventative therapies.
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Gilfillan M, Das P, Shah D, Alam MA, Bhandari V. Inhibition of microRNA-451 is associated with increased expression of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and mitgation of the cardio-pulmonary phenotype in a murine model of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia. Respir Res 2020; 21:92. [PMID: 32321512 PMCID: PMC7178994 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01353-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) has been implicated as a protective factor in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and is known to be regulated by MicroRNA-451 (miR-451). The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of miR-451 and the MIF signaling pathway in in vitro and in vivo models of BPD. Methods Studies were conducted in mouse lung endothelial cells (MLECs) exposed to hyperoxia and in a newborn mouse model of hyperoxia-induced BPD. Lung and cardiac morphometry as well as vascular markers were evaluated. Results Increased expression of miR-451 was noted in MLECs exposed to hyperoxia and in lungs of BPD mice. Administration of a miR-451 inhibitor to MLECs exposed to hyperoxia was associated with increased expression of MIF and decreased expression of angiopoietin (Ang) 2. Treatment with the miR-451 inhibitor was associated with improved lung morphometry indices, significant reduction in right ventricular hypertrophy, decreased mean arterial wall thickness and improvement in vascular density in BPD mice. Western blot analysis demonstrated preservation of MIF expression in BPD animals treated with a miR-451 inhibitor and increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), Ang1, Ang2 and the Ang receptor, Tie2. Conclusion We demonstrated that inhibition of miR-451 is associated with mitigation of the cardio-pulmonary phenotype, preservation of MIF expression and increased expression of several vascular growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Gilfillan
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.,St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, 19134, USA
| | - Pragnya Das
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.,Neonatology Research Laboratory, Education and Research Building, Cooper University Hospital, (Room #206), Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Dilip Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.,Neonatology Research Laboratory, Education and Research Building, Cooper University Hospital, (Room #206), Camden, NJ, 08103, USA
| | - Mohammad Afaque Alam
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA.,Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Vineet Bhandari
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19103, USA. .,St Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, 19134, USA. .,Neonatology Research Laboratory, Education and Research Building, Cooper University Hospital, (Room #206), Camden, NJ, 08103, USA. .,Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA. .,Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology and Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA. .,Neonatology, The Children's Regional Hospital at Cooper, One Cooper Plaza, Camden, NJ, 08103, USA.
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Principi N, Di Pietro GM, Esposito S. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia: clinical aspects and preventive and therapeutic strategies. J Transl Med 2018; 16:36. [PMID: 29463286 PMCID: PMC5819643 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1417-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the result of a complex process in which several prenatal and/or postnatal factors interfere with lower respiratory tract development, leading to a severe, lifelong disease. In this review, what is presently known regarding BPD pathogenesis, its impact on long-term pulmonary morbidity and mortality and the available preventive and therapeutic strategies are discussed. MAIN BODY Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is associated with persistent lung impairment later in life, significantly impacting health services because subjects with BPD have, in most cases, frequent respiratory diseases and reductions in quality of life and life expectancy. Prematurity per se is associated with an increased risk of long-term lung problems. However, in children with BPD, impairment of pulmonary structures and function is even greater, although the characterization of long-term outcomes of BPD is difficult because the adults presently available to study have received outdated treatment. Prenatal and postnatal preventive measures are extremely important to reduce the risk of BPD. CONCLUSION Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a respiratory condition that presently occurs in preterm neonates and can lead to chronic respiratory problems. Although knowledge about BPD pathogenesis has significantly increased in recent years, not all of the mechanisms that lead to lung damage are completely understood, which explains why therapeutic approaches that are theoretically effective have been only partly satisfactory or useless and, in some cases, potentially negative. However, prevention of prematurity, systematic use of nonaggressive ventilator measures, avoiding supraphysiologic oxygen exposure and administration of surfactant, caffeine and vitamin A can significantly reduce the risk of BPD development. Cell therapy is the most fascinating new measure to address the lung damage due to BPD. It is desirable that ongoing studies yield positive results to definitively solve a major clinical, social and economic problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Department of Surgical and Biomedical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Perugia, Piazza Menghini 1, 06129 Perugia, Italy
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Stark A, Dammann C, Nielsen HC, Volpe MV. A Pathogenic Relationship of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Retinopathy of Prematurity? A Review of Angiogenic Mediators in Both Diseases. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:125. [PMID: 29951473 PMCID: PMC6008318 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are common and significant morbidities of prematurely born infants. These diseases have in common altered and pathologic vascular formation in the face of incomplete organ development. Therefore, it is reasonable to question whether factors affecting angiogenesis could have a joint pathogenic role for both diseases. Inhibition or induced expression of a single angiogenic factor is unlikely to be 100% causative or protective of either of BPD or ROP. It is more likely that interactions of multiple factors leading to disordered angiogenesis are present, increasing the likelihood of common pathways in both diseases. This review explores this possibility by assessing the evidence showing involvement of specific angiogenic factors in the vascular development and maldevelopment in each disease. Theoretical interactions of specific factors mutually contributing to BPD and ROP are proposed and, where possible, a timeline of the proposed relationships between BPD and ROP is developed. It is hoped that future research will be inspired by the theories put forth in this review to enhance the understanding of the pathogenesis in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Stark
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Christiane Dammann
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Heber C Nielsen
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States.,Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - MaryAnn V Volpe
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Floating Hospital for Children at Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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Abstract
Despite the many advances in neonatology, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to be a frustrating disease of prematurity. BPD is a disease which is defined oddly by its treatment rather than its pathophysiology, leading to frequently changing nomenclature which has widespread implications on our ability to both understand and follow the progression of BPD. As various treatment modalities for BPD were developed and a larger number of extremely preterm infants survived, the "old" BPD based on lung injury from oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilation transitioned into a "new" BPD focused more on the interruption of normal development. However, the interruption of normal development does not solely apply to lung development. The effects of prematurity on vascular development cannot be overstated and pulmonary vascular disease has become the new frontier of BPD. As we begin to better understand the complex, multifactorial pathophysiology of BPD, it is necessary to again focus on appropriate, pathology-driven nomenclature that can effectively describe the multiple clinical phenotypes of BPD.
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Menden H, Welak S, Cossette S, Ramchandran R, Sampath V. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated angiopoietin-2-dependent autocrine angiogenesis is regulated by NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:5449-61. [PMID: 25568324 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.600692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-mediated endothelial Angiopoeitin-2 (Ang2) signaling may contribute to microvascular remodeling in the developing lung. The mechanisms by which bacterial cell wall components such as LPS mediate Ang2 signaling in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) remain understudied. In HPMEC, LPS-induced Ang2, Tie2, and VEGF-A protein expression was preceded by increased superoxide formation. NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) inhibition, but not Nox4 or Nox1 inhibition, attenuated LPS-induced superoxide formation and Ang2, Tie2, and VEGF-A expression. Nox2 silencing, but not Nox4 or Nox1 silencing, inhibited LPS-mediated inhibitor of κ-B kinase β (IKKβ) and p38 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB and AP-1. In HPMECs, LPS increased the number of angiogenic tube and network formations in Matrigel by >3-fold. Conditioned media from LPS-treated cells also induced angiogenic tube and network formation in the presence of Toll-like receptor 4 blockade but not in the presence of Ang2 and VEGF blockade. Nox2 inhibition or conditioned media from Nox2-silenced cells attenuated LPS-induced tube and network formation. Ang2 and VEGF-A treatment rescued angiogenesis in Nox2-silenced cells. We propose that Nox2 regulates LPS-mediated Ang2-dependent autocrine angiogenesis in HPMECs through the IKKβ/NF-κB and MAPK/AP-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ramani Ramchandran
- From the Departments of Pediatrics and Obstetrics and Gynecology, Children's Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
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Mammoto T, Jiang E, Jiang A, Lu Y, Juan AM, Chen J, Mammoto A. Twist1 controls lung vascular permeability and endotoxin-induced pulmonary edema by altering Tie2 expression. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73407. [PMID: 24023872 PMCID: PMC3759405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tight regulation of vascular permeability is necessary for normal development and deregulated vascular barrier function contributes to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, cancer and inflammation. The angiopoietin (Ang)-Tie2 pathway is known to control vascular permeability. However, the mechanism by which the expression of Tie2 is regulated to control vascular permeability has not been fully elucidated. Here we show that transcription factor Twist1 modulates pulmonary vascular leakage by altering the expression of Tie2 in a context-dependent way. Twist1 knockdown in cultured human lung microvascular endothelial cells decreases Tie2 expression and phosphorylation and increases RhoA activity, which disrupts cell-cell junctional integrity and increases vascular permeability in vitro. In physiological conditions, where Ang1 is dominant, pulmonary vascular permeability is elevated in the Tie2-specific Twist1 knockout mice. However, depletion of Twist1 and resultant suppression of Tie2 expression prevent increase in vascular permeability in an endotoxin-induced lung injury model, where the balance of Angs shifts toward Ang2. These results suggest that Twist1-Tie2-Angs signaling is important for controlling vascular permeability and modulation of this mechanism may lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches for pulmonary edema and other diseases caused by abnormal vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanori Mammoto
- 1 Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Jiang
- 1 Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amanda Jiang
- 1 Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Yongbo Lu
- 2 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Dentistry, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Aimee M. Juan
- 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jing Chen
- 3 Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- 1 Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kunzmann S, Collins JJ, Kuypers E, Kramer BW. Thrown off balance: the effect of antenatal inflammation on the developing lung and immune system. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 208:429-37. [PMID: 23313727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, translational research with various animal models has been helpful to answer basic questions about the effect of antenatal inflammation on maturation and development of the fetal lung and immune system. The fetal lung and immune systems are very plastic and their development can be conditioned and influenced by both endogenous and/or exogenous factors. Antenatal inflammation can induce pulmonary inflammation, leading to lung injury and remodeling in the fetal lung. Exposure to antenatal inflammation can induce interleukin-1α production, which enhances surfactant protein and lipid synthesis thereby promoting lung maturation. Interleukin-1α is therefore a candidate for the link between lung inflammation and lung maturation, preventing respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants. Antenatal inflammation can, however, cause structural changes in the fetal lung and affect the expression of growth factors, such as transforming growth factor-beta, connective tissue growth factor, fibroblast growth factor-10, or bone morphogenetic protein-4, which are essential for branching morphogenesis. These alterations cause alveolar and microvascular simplification resembling the histology of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Antenatal inflammation may also affect neonatal outcome by modulating the responsiveness of the immune system. Lipopolysaccharide-tolerance (endotoxin hyporesponsiveness/immunoparalysis), induced by exposure to inflammation in utero, may prevent fetal lung damage, but increases susceptibility to postnatal infections. Moreover, prenatal exposure to inflammation appears to be a predisposition for the development of adverse neonatal outcomes, like bronchopulmonary dysplasia, if the preterm infant is exposed to a second postnatal hit, such as mechanical ventilation oxygen exposure, infections, or steroids.
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Mammoto T, Chen J, Jiang E, Jiang A, Smith LE, Ingber DE, Mammoto A. LRP5 regulates development of lung microvessels and alveoli through the angiopoietin-Tie2 pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41596. [PMID: 22848540 PMCID: PMC3404972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is crucial for lung development. Although there has been considerable exploration, the mechanism by which lung vascular and alveolar formation is controlled is still not completely understood. Here we show that low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5 (LRP5), a component of the Wnt ligand-receptor complex, regulates angiogenesis and alveolar formation in the lung by modulating expression of the angiopoietin (Ang) receptor, Tie2, in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). Vascular development in whole mouse lungs and in cultured ECs is controlled by LRP5 signaling, which is, in turn, governed by a balance between the activities of the antagonistic Tie2 ligands, Ang1 and Ang2. Under physiological conditions when Ang1 is dominant, LRP5 knockdown decreases Tie2 expression and thereby, inhibits vascular and alveolar development in the lung. Conversely, when Ang2 dominates under hyperoxia treatment in neonatal mice, high LRP5 and Tie2 expression suppress angiogenesis and lung development. These findings suggest that the LRP5-Tie2-Ang signaling axis plays a central role in control of both angiogenesis and alveolarization during postnatal lung development, and that deregulation of this signaling mechanism might lead to developmental abnormalities of the lung, such as are observed in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadanori Mammoto
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Jiang
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Amanda Jiang
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Lois E. Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Donald E. Ingber
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Akiko Mammoto
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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