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Gürbüz BB, Gülbakan B, Özgül RK, Yalnızoğlu D, Yılmaz DY, Göçmen R, Koşukcu C, Kandemir N, Acar NV, Salih B, Dursun A. Exploring metabolic alterations in PYCR2 deficiency: Unveiling pathways and clinical presentations of hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10. Am J Med Genet A 2024:e63645. [PMID: 38709052 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Proline-5-carboxylate reductase 2, encoded by PYCR2 gene, is an enzyme that catalyzes the last step of proline synthesis from pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase to proline. PYCR2 gene defect causes hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10. Up until now, to our knowledge around 38 patients with PYCR2 defect have been reported. Herein, we describe clinical, neuroradiological, biochemical findings, and metabolomic profiling of three new genetically related cases of PYCR2 defects from a large family. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amino acid levels were measured and untargeted metabolomic profiling of plasma and CSF were conducted and evaluated together with the clinical findings in the patients. While plasma and CSF proline levels were found to be totally normal, untargeted metabolomic profiling revealed mild increases of glutamate, alpha-ketoglutarate, and l-glutamate semialdehyde and marked increases of inosine and xanthine. Our findings and all the previous reports suggest that proline auxotrophy is not the central disease mechanism. Untargeted metabolomics point to mild changes in proline pathway and also in purine/pyrimidine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Basri Gülbakan
- Division of Metabolism, Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rıza Köksal Özgül
- Division of Genetics, Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Dilek Yalnızoğlu
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Didem Yücel Yılmaz
- Division of Genetics, Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rahşan Göçmen
- Division of Radiology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Koşukcu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hacettepe University Institute of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurgün Kandemir
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Neşe Vardar Acar
- Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University Institute of Child Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Bekir Salih
- Depatment of Chemistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Science, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ali Dursun
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism, Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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2
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Xia X, Wu Y, Chen Z, Du D, Chen X, Zhang R, Yan J, Wong IN, Huang R. Colon cancer inhibitory properties of Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharide and its molecular mechanisms based on three-dimensional cell culture model. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131574. [PMID: 38615857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Caulerpa lentillifera is rich in polysaccharides, and its polysaccharides show a significant effect in different biological activities including anti-cancer activity. As an edible algae-derived polysaccharide, exploring the role of colon cancer can better develop the application from a dietary therapy perspective. However, more in-depth studies of C. lentillifera polysaccharide on anti-colon cancer activity and mechanism are needed. In this study, we found that Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides (CLP) showed potential anti-colon cancer effect on human colon cancer cell HT29 in monolayer (IC50 = 1.954 mg/mL) and spheroid (IC50 = 0.402 mg/mL). Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses revealed that CLP had an inhibitory effect on HT29 3D spheroid cells by activating aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis as well as arginine and proline metabolism pathways. Furthermore, the anti-colon cancer effects of CLP were confirmed through other human colon cancer cell HCT116 and LoVo in monolayer cells (IC50 = 1.890 mg/mL and 1.437 mg/mL, respectively) and 3D spheroid cells (IC50 = 0.344 mg/mL and 0.975 mg/mL, respectively), and three patient-derived organoids with IC50 values of 6.333-8.780 mg/mL. This study provided basic data for the potential application of CLP in adjuvant therapeutic food for colon cancer on multiple levels, while further investigation of detailed mechanism in vivo was still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yulin Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zexin Chen
- Guangdong Research Center of Organoid Engineering and Technology, Guangzhou 510535, China; Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Danyi Du
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaodan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Rongxin Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, Guangzhou 510060, China; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of General Surgery & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine for Gastrointestinal Tumor, Nanfang Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Io Nam Wong
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Riming Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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3
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Mansilla S, Escolà M, Piña B, Portugal J, Iakovides IC, Beretsou VG, Christou A, Fatta-Kassinos D, Bayona JM, Matamoros V. Linking the use of reclaimed water to indicators of crop stress by metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. A tool to compare water irrigation quality. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:168182. [PMID: 37907106 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) or heavy metals in reclaimed water used for agricultural irrigation may affect crop morphology and physiology. Here, we analyzed lettuce (Lactuca sativa) grown in outdoor lysimeters and irrigated with either tap water, used as a control, or reclaimed water: CAS-reclaimed water, an effluent from a conventional activated sludge system (CAS) followed by chlorination and sand filtration, or MBR-reclaimed water, an effluent from a membrane biological reactor (MBR). Chemical analyses identified seven CECs in the reclaimed waters, but only two of them were detected in lettuce (carbamazepine and azithromycin). Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses revealed that irrigation with reclaimed water increased the concentrations of several crop metabolites (5-oxoproline, leucine, isoleucine, and fumarate) and of transcripts codifying for the plant stress-related genes Heat-Shock Protein 70 (HSP70) and Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD). In both cases, MBR-water elicited the strongest response in lettuce, perhaps related to its comparatively high sodium adsorption ratio (4.5), rather than to its content in CECs or heavy metals. Our study indicates that crop metabolomic and transcriptomic profiles depend on the composition of irrigating water and that they could be used for testing the impact of water quality in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Mansilla
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mònica Escolà
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Portugal
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iakovos C Iakovides
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas-International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vasiliki G Beretsou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas-International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Anastasis Christou
- Agricultural Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, P.O. Box 22016, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Despo Fatta-Kassinos
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas-International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Josep M Bayona
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Víctor Matamoros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Lucas AT, Lin AE, Cohen A, Muñoz W, Kahle KT, Shin JH, Buch K, Sahai I, Carroll RW. Atlantoaxial instability associated with ALDH18A1 mutation. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2898-2902. [PMID: 37655511 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a 10-year-old boy with a de novo pathogenic variant in ALDH18A1, a rare form of metabolic cutis laxa, which was complicated by atlantoaxial instability and spinal cord compression following a fall from standing height. The patient required emergent cervical spine fusion and decompression followed by a 2-month hospitalization and rehabilitation. In addition to the core clinical features of joint and skin laxity, hypotonia, and developmental delays, we expand the connective tissue phenotype by adding a new potential feature of cervical spine instability. Patients with pathogenic variants in ALDH18A1 may warrant cervical spine screening to minimize possible morbidity. Neurosurgeons, geneticists, primary care providers, and families should be aware of the increased risk of severe cervical injury from minor trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Lucas
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Angela E Lin
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, MassGeneral for Children, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - William Muñoz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kristopher T Kahle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John H Shin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen Buch
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Inderneel Sahai
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ryan W Carroll
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Mass General for Children, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Kandoi D, Tripathy BC. Overexpression of chloroplastic Zea mays NADP-malic enzyme (ZmNADP-ME) confers tolerance to salt stress in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 158:57-76. [PMID: 37561272 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-023-01041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The C4 plants photosynthesize better than C3 plants especially in arid environment. As an attempt to genetically convert C3 plant to C4, the cDNA of decarboxylating C4 type NADP-malic enzyme from Zea mays (ZmNADP-ME) that has lower Km for malate and NADP than its C3 isoforms, was overexpressed in Arabidopsis thaliana under the control of 35S promoter. Due to increased activity of NADP-ME in the transgenics the malate decarboxylation increased that resulted in loss of carbon skeletons needed for amino acid and protein synthesis. Consequently, amino acid and protein content of the transgenics declined. Therefore, the Chl content, photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm), electron transport rate (ETR), the quantum yield of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, rosette diameter, and biomass were lower in the transgenics. However, in salt stress (150 mM NaCl), the overexpressers had higher Chl, protein content, Fv/Fm, ETR, and biomass than the vector control. NADPH generated in the transgenics due to increased malate decarboxylation, contributed to augmented synthesis of proline, the osmoprotectant required to alleviate the reactive oxygen species-mediated membrane damage and oxidative stress. Consequently, the glutathione peroxidase activity increased and H2O2 content decreased in the salt-stressed transgenics. The reduced membrane lipid peroxidation and lower malondialdehyde production resulted in better preservation, of thylakoid integrity and membrane architecture in the transgenics under saline environment. Our results clearly demonstrate that overexpression of C4 chloroplastic ZmNADP-ME in the C3 Arabidopsis thaliana, although decrease their photosynthetic efficiency, protects the transgenics from salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Kandoi
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India
| | - Baishnab C Tripathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP, 201310, India.
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Naz S, Liu P, Farooq U, Ma H. Insight into de-regulation of amino acid feedback inhibition: a focus on structure analysis method. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:161. [PMID: 37612753 PMCID: PMC10464499 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of amino acid's biosynthetic pathway is of significant importance to maintain homeostasis and cell functions. Amino acids regulate their biosynthetic pathway by end-product feedback inhibition of enzymes catalyzing committed steps of a pathway. Discovery of new feedback resistant enzyme variants to enhance industrial production of amino acids is a key objective in industrial biotechnology. Deregulation of feedback inhibition has been achieved for various enzymes using in vitro and in silico mutagenesis techniques. As enzyme's function, its substrate binding capacity, catalysis activity, regulation and stability are dependent on its structural characteristics, here, we provide detailed structural analysis of all feedback sensitive enzyme targets in amino acid biosynthetic pathways. Current review summarizes information regarding structural characteristics of various enzyme targets and effect of mutations on their structures and functions especially in terms of deregulation of feedback inhibition. Furthermore, applicability of various experimental as well as computational mutagenesis techniques to accomplish feedback resistance has also been discussed in detail to have an insight into various aspects of research work reported in this particular field of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Naz
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Pi Liu
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Hongwu Ma
- Biodesign Center, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, 300308, China.
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Izadi-Darbandi A, Alameldin H, Namjoo N, Ahmad K. Introducing sorghum DREB2 gene in maize (Zea mays L.) to improve drought and salinity tolerance. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1480-1488. [PMID: 36916234 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Salinity and drought are significant abiotic stresses causing a considerable loss of seed and biomass yield in most commercial crops. Some of the most critical players in the abscisic acid pathway are drought responsive element binding (DREB) proteins that are a part of AP2/ethylene response factor transcription factors that bind to promoters of some family genes needed to be expressed under abiotic stresses. In this study, salt- and drought-tolerant maize plants were produced from immature maize embryos bombarded by the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) DREB2 gene that is linked to hygromycin resistance (hpt) genes. The putative transgenic calli were transferred to an N6 medium containing 1 mg/L benzylaminopurine and 50 mg/L hygromycin. Regeneration was completed after 4 weeks on selective media under a 16/8 h light/dark condition at 25°C. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse transcription-PCR approved the existence of upstream promoter (rd29a), hpt gene, and the expression of the DREB2 in transgenes up to the third generation (T2). It was found that the K+/Na+ ratio and the amount of proline as a screening indicator were higher in transgenic plants compared to their wild types. This result is a promising model to enhance maize tolerance to abiotic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Izadi-Darbandi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Hussien Alameldin
- DOE-Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute (AGERI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt
| | - Nima Namjoo
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Sciences, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Ahmad
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
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Lama Tamang R, Kumar B, Patel SM, Thapa I, Ahmad A, Kumar V, Ahmad R, Becker DF, Bastola D(K, Dhawan P, Singh AB. Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase-2 Promotes Colorectal Carcinogenesis by Modulating Microtubule-Associated Serine/Threonine Kinase-like/Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:1883. [PMID: 37508547 PMCID: PMC10377831 DOI: 10.3390/cells12141883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significant progress in clinical management, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths. A positive association between PYCR2 (pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase-2), a terminal enzyme of proline metabolism, and CRC aggressiveness was recently reported. However, how PYCR2 promotes colon carcinogenesis remains ill understood. METHODS A comprehensive analysis was performed using publicly available cancer databases and CRC patient cohorts. Proteomics and biochemical evaluations were performed along with genetic manipulations and in vivo tumor growth assays to gain a mechanistic understanding. RESULTS PYCR2 expression was significantly upregulated in CRC and associated with poor patient survival, specifically among PYCR isoforms (PYCR1, 2, and 3). The genetic inhibition of PYCR2 inhibited the tumorigenic abilities of CRC cells and in vivo tumor growth. Coinciding with these observations was a significant decrease in cellular proline content. PYCR2 overexpression promoted the tumorigenic abilities of CRC cells. Proteomics (LC-MS/MS) analysis further demonstrated that PYCR2 loss of expression in CRC cells inhibits survival and cell cycle pathways. A subsequent biochemical analysis supported the causal role of PYCR2 in regulating CRC cell survival and the cell cycle, potentially by regulating the expression of MASTL, a cell-cycle-regulating protein upregulated in CRC. Further studies revealed that PYCR2 regulates Wnt/β-catenin-signaling in manners dependent on the expression of MASTL and the cancer stem cell niche. CONCLUSIONS PYCR2 promotes MASTL/Wnt/β-catenin signaling that, in turn, promotes cancer stem cell populations and, thus, colon carcinogenesis. Taken together, our data highlight the significance of PYCR2 as a novel therapeutic target for effectively treating aggressive colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Lama Tamang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Balawant Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Sagar M. Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Ishwor Thapa
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Alshomrani Ahmad
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
| | - Donald F. Becker
- Department of Biochemistry and Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Dundy (Kiran) Bastola
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, College of Information Science & Technology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE 68182, USA
| | - Punita Dhawan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105-1850, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-65870, USA
| | - Amar B. Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-6125, USA
- Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE 68105-1850, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-65870, USA
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Zhang XL, Gong XQ, Su XJ, Yu HX, Cheng SY, Huang JW, Li DY, Lei ZL, Li MJ, Ma FW. The ubiquitin-binding protein MdRAD23D1 mediates drought response by regulating degradation of the proline-rich protein MdPRP6 in apple (Malus domestica). PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [PMID: 37140026 PMCID: PMC10363924 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
RAD23 (RADIATION SENSITIVE23) proteins are a group of UBL-UBA (ubiquitin-like-ubiquitin-associated) proteins that shuttle ubiquitylated proteins to the 26S proteasome for breakdown. Drought stress is a major environmental constraint that limits plant growth and production, but whether RAD23 proteins are involved in this process is unclear. Here, we demonstrated that a shuttle protein, MdRAD23D1, mediated drought response in apple plants (Malus domestica). MdRAD23D1 levels increased under drought stress, and its suppression resulted in decreased stress tolerance in apple plants. Through in vitro and in vivo assays, we demonstrated that MdRAD23D1 interacted with a proline-rich protein MdPRP6, resulting in the degradation of MdPRP6 by the 26S proteasome. And MdRAD23D1 accelerated the degradation of MdPRP6 under drought stress. Suppression of MdPRP6 resulted in enhanced drought tolerance in apple plants, mainly because the free proline accumulation is changed. And the free proline is also involved in MdRAD23D1-mediated drought response. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that MdRAD23D1 and MdPRP6 oppositely regulated drought response. MdRAD23D1 levels increased under drought, accelerating the degradation of MdPRP6. MdPRP6 negatively regulated drought response, probably by regulating proline accumulation. Thus, "MdRAD23D1-MdPRP6" conferred drought stress tolerance in apple plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xin-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hai-Xia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Si-Yuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jing-Wen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dan-Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhao-Long Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ming-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Feng-Wang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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10
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Cao Z, Gao Y, Xu J, Yang N, Li T, Chang L, Si L, Yan D. Transcriptome analysis of the hepatopancreas in Penaeus vannamei under experimental infection with Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 134:108605. [PMID: 36758659 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a specialized intracellular parasite that mainly resides in the hepatopancreas of shrimp, causing significant growth retardation in shrimp. In this study, Penaeus vannamei was infected with EHP through an artificial challenge experiment, and the different genes and pathways in the hepatopancreas between EHP-infected and healthy shrimp were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that a total of 240 significantly differentially expressed genes were obtained, including 99 up-regulated genes and 141 down-regulated genes. Immune-related genes such as Astakine, lysozyme, NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3), and macrophage mannose receptor 1-like (MMR) were up-regulated, and the expression levels of lipid metabolism-related genes pancreatic lipase-related protein 2 (PLRP2), lysosomal acid lipase (LIPA), and adiponectin receptor protein (AdipoR) were also increased. However, several genes were down-regulated in carbohydrate and protein metabolism, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), trypsin-1, and delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (ALDH18A1). The results suggested that EHP infection of shrimps could significantly activate the immune system, but the energy and material metabolism processes were disturbed. This study identified a substantial number of genes and pathways associated with EHP infection, providing a valuable resource for revealing the molecular mechanism of growth retardation in shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Cao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Yang Gao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Linrui Chang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Lingjun Si
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
| | - Dongchun Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
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11
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Akbari M, Ebrahimi Tapeh Z, Zaersabet M, Rahimi H, Ganji M. Novel pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 2 (PYCR2) mutation in an Iranian patient with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy: findings of molecular and in silico investigations. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL HUMAN GENETICS 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-023-00393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Hypomyelinating leukodystrophy (HLD) is a specific group of leukodystrophies and is characterized by progressive postnatal growth delay that represents a type of clinically overlapping but genetically heterogeneous diseases with autosomal recessive inheritance. Loss-of-function mutations in PYCR2 are one of the main causes of HLD type 10 (HLD10), which is identified by cerebral hypomyelination, inadequate growth, brain atrophy, and movement abnormality. This study aimed to investigate the molecular etiology of HLD10 disorder in an Iranian patient from a consanguineous marriage family.
Results
The DNA samples were extracted from the patient, a 9-year-old girl, and her parents. Whole-exome sequencing was conducted for these samples and the results were eventually confirmed and segregated via Sanger sequencing. Our findings demonstrated a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in PYCR2 gene, c.135dup (NM_013328.4). The heterozygous state of this variant was confirmed in parents. Additionally, this mutation was predicted to exhibit damaging effects through protein sequence alteration.
Conclusions
Such findings are of importance for understanding the underlying pathogenicity mechanisms and for improving genetic counseling knowledge of HLD patients for families.
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12
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De-la-Cruz IM, Kariñho-Betancourt E, Núñez-Farfán J, Oyama K. Gene family evolution and natural selection signatures in Datura spp. (Solanaceae). Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.916762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the diversification process of congeneric species makes it necessary to identify the factors promoting species variation and diversification. Comparative gene family analysis allows us to elucidate the evolutionary history of species by identifying common genetic/genomic mechanisms underlying species responses to biotic and abiotic environments at the genomic level. In this study, we analyzed the high-quality transcriptomes of four Datura species, D. inoxia, D. pruinosa, D. stramonium, and D. wrightii. We performed a thorough comparative gene family analysis to infer the role of selection in molecular variation, changes in protein physicochemical properties, and gain/loss of genes during their diversification processes. The results revealed common and species-specific signals of positive selection, physicochemical divergence and/or expansion of metabolic genes (e.g., transferases and oxidoreductases) associated with terpene and tropane metabolism and some resistance genes (R genes). The gene family analysis presented here is a valuable tool for understanding the genome evolution of economically and ecologically significant taxa such as the Solanaceae family.
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13
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Zhang Y, Liu J, Hu G, Hu X, Yang J, Zhang H. Fusion enzyme design based on the "channelization" cascade theory and homogenous dextran product improvement. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:652-660. [PMID: 36174857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Homogeneous low molecular weight dextran can be used to improve microcirculation and expand blood volume. However, the synthesis and separation of low molecular weight dextran are chemically difficult and environmentally unfriendly. Here, a one-step strategy for the synthesis of homogeneous low molecular weight dextran was developed. Dextransucrase and dextranase were fused by the addition of different length linker peptides. An artificial bifunctional enzyme was created to directly convert sucrose into low molecular weight dextran (13,050 Da), and the related substrate channel mechanism was found. The substrate channel adaptability was studied by changing the length of the linker and its corresponding product behavior. Compared with the mixture of two free enzymes, the residence lag time demonstrates the degree of substrate channelization of a series of fusion enzymes. And found that the highest channelization degree is not equal to produce homogenous dextran. Whereas a fusion enzyme with the appropriate linker (the one with the best substrate channel adaptation) will produce dextran with a homogeneous molecular weight. By studying the temperature dynamics of the fusion enzyme to adjust the two-stage catalytic efficiency of the fusion enzyme, we have increased the yield of low molecular weight homogeneous dextran (Yield of 62 %).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Jiali Liu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Ganpeng Hu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China
| | - Xueqin Hu
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Jingwen Yang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China.
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14
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Graham C, Stefanatos R, Yek AEH, Spriggs RV, Loh SHY, Uribe AH, Zhang T, Martins LM, Maddocks ODK, Scialo F, Sanz A. Mitochondrial ROS signalling requires uninterrupted electron flow and is lost during ageing in flies. GeroScience 2022; 44:1961-1974. [PMID: 35355221 PMCID: PMC9616974 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-022-00555-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) are cellular messengers essential for cellular homeostasis. In response to stress, reverse electron transport (RET) through respiratory complex I generates high levels of mtROS. Suppression of ROS production via RET (ROS-RET) reduces survival under stress, while activation of ROS-RET extends lifespan in basal conditions. Here, we demonstrate that ROS-RET signalling requires increased electron entry and uninterrupted electron flow through the electron transport chain (ETC). We find that in old fruit flies, ROS-RET is abolished when electron flux is decreased and that their mitochondria produce consistently high levels of mtROS. Finally, we demonstrate that in young flies, limiting electron exit, but not entry, from the ETC phenocopies mtROS generation observed in old individuals. Our results elucidate the mechanism by which ROS signalling is lost during ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Graham
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Rhoda Stefanatos
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Angeline E H Yek
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, Newcastle University Institute for Ageing, Newcastle University, Campus for Ageing and Vitality, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Ruth V Spriggs
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
- Hearing Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Samantha H Y Loh
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Alejandro Huerta Uribe
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Tong Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - L Miguel Martins
- MRC Toxicology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QR, UK
| | - Oliver D K Maddocks
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Filippo Scialo
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
- Dipartimento Di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Alberto Sanz
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
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15
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Xiao-Chai-Hu Decoction Ameliorates Poly (I:C)-Induced Viral Pneumonia through Inhibiting Inflammatory Response and Modulating Serum Metabolism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1240242. [PMID: 35865338 PMCID: PMC9296287 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1240242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Viral pneumonia is widespread, progresses rapidly, and has a high mortality rate. Developing safe and effective therapies to treat viral pneumonia can minimize risks to public health and alleviate pressures on the associated health systems. Xiao-Chai-Hu (XCH) decoction can be used in the treatment of viral pneumonia. However, the mechanisms of XCH on viral pneumonia remain unclear. In this study, poly (I:C) was used to establish a mouse model of viral pneumonia, and the therapeutic effects of XCH on viral pneumonia were assessed. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of XCH on inflammatory response. Lastly, untargeted metabolomics were used to study the metabolic regulatory mechanisms of XCH on viral pneumonia model mice. Our results showed that XCH treatment decreased the wet/dry ratio in lung tissue, total protein concentration, and total cell count in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). H&E staining indicated that XCH treatment alleviated the pathological changes in lung. Moreover, XCH treatment decreased the levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and lowered the ratio of CD86+/CD206+ macrophages and CD11b+LY6G+ neutrophils in BALF. XCH treatment also decreased the myeloperoxidase (MPO) and reduced the phosphorylations of PI3K, AKT, and NF-κB p65 in lung. Serum untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that XCH treatment could affect 18 metabolites in serum such as creatine, hydroxyproline, cortisone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone, hypotaurine, and taurine. These metabolites were associated with arginine and proline metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism processes. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that treatment with XCH can ameliorate viral pneumonia and reduce inflammatory response in viral pneumonia. The mechanism of action of XCH in the treatment of viral pneumonia may be associated with inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway in lung and regulating arginine and proline metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism in serum.
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16
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Smalley S, Hellmann H. Review: Exploring possible approaches using ubiquitylation and sumoylation pathways in modifying plant stress tolerance. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 319:111275. [PMID: 35487671 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin and similar proteins, such as SUMO, are utilized by plants to modify target proteins to rapidly change their stability and activity in cells. This review will provide an overview of these crucial protein interactions with a focus on ubiquitylation and sumoylation in plants and how they contribute to stress tolerance. The work will also explore possibilities to use these highly conserved pathways for novel approaches to generate more robust crop plants better fit to cope with abiotic and biotic stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Smalley
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - Hanjo Hellmann
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
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17
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Desruelle AV, de Maistre S, Gaillard S, Richard S, Tardivel C, Martin JC, Blatteau JE, Boussuges A, Rives S, Risso JJ, Vallee N. Cecal Metabolomic Fingerprint of Unscathed Rats: Does It Reflect the Good Response to a Provocative Decompression? Front Physiol 2022; 13:882944. [PMID: 35655958 PMCID: PMC9152359 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.882944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
On one side, decompression sickness (DCS) with neurological disorders lead to a reshuffle of the cecal metabolome of rats. On the other side, there is also a specific and different metabolomic signature in the cecum of a strain of DCS-resistant rats, that are not exposed to hyperbaric protocol. We decide to study a conventional strain of rats that resist to an accident-provoking hyperbaric exposure, and we hypothesize that the metabolomic signature put forward may correspond to a physiological response adapted to the stress induced by diving. The aim is to verify and characterize whether the cecal compounds of rats resistant to the provocative dive have a cecal metabolomic signature different from those who do not dive. 35 asymptomatic diver rats are selected to be compared to 21 rats non-exposed to the hyperbaric protocol. Because our aim is essentially to study the differences in the cecal metabolome associated with the hyperbaric exposure, about half of the rats are fed soy and the other half of maize in order to better rule out the effect of the diet itself. Lower levels of IL-1β and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity are registered in blood of diving rats. No blood cell mobilization is noted. Conventional and ChemRICH approaches help the metabolomic interpretation of the 185 chemical compounds analyzed in the cecal content. Statistical analysis show a panel of 102 compounds diet related. 19 are in common with the hyperbaric protocol effect. Expression of 25 compounds has changed in the cecal metabolome of rats resistant to the provocative dive suggesting an alteration of biliary acids metabolism, most likely through actions on gut microbiota. There seem to be also weak changes in allocations dedicated to various energy pathways, including hormonal reshuffle. Some of the metabolites may also have a role in regulating inflammation, while some may be consumed for the benefit of oxidative stress management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Virginie Desruelle
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien de Maistre
- Service de Médecine Hyperbare Expertise Plongée, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte-Anne, Toulon Cedex, France
| | | | | | - Catherine Tardivel
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, BIOMET, Aix Marseille University, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Martin
- C2VN, INRAE, INSERM, BIOMET, Aix Marseille University, Faculté de Médecine La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-Eric Blatteau
- Service de Médecine Hyperbare Expertise Plongée, Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Sainte-Anne, Toulon Cedex, France
| | - Alain Boussuges
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Rives
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Risso
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Vallee
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Equipe de Recherche Subaquatique Opérationnelle, Toulon Cedex, France
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Vallee,
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18
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Duan JJ, Wang D, Cai J, Chen JJ, Zheng XX, Chen TQ, Wang J, Zhang X, Yang QK, Yu SC. An aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 inhibitor attenuates the metastasis of human colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett 2022; 536:215662. [PMID: 35331786 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the leading cause of death for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The development of therapeutic regimens that selectively inhibit the biological processes involved in CRC cell dissemination is important. We used multiple Affymetrix DNA microarray hybridization datasets to identify genes related to metastasis and have significant prognostic value for patients with CRC. Quantitative real-time PCR, immunofluorescent and immunohistochemical staining were used to evaluate mRNA and protein expression. The function of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) in invasion was assessed by performing transwell assays and animal experiments. Real-time PCR, luciferase reporter assays, and western blotting were used to identify the genes regulated by ALDH1A3. Molecular docking, MTS assays, cellular thermal shift assays, isothermal titration calorimetry, microscale thermophoresis, and enzymatic activity assays were used to screen and verify the efficacy of the ALDH1A3-specific inhibitor YD1701 (dibenzo-30-crown10-ether). Finally, subcutaneous or orthotopic xenograft models were established to investigate the therapeutic potential of YD1701. Human ALDH1A3 was identified to correlate with a metastatic phenotype in CRC cells and a poor patient prognosis. Moreover, ALDH1A3 upregulated the expression of ZEB1 and SNAI2 by inhibiting miR-200 family members. The ALDH1A3-specific inhibitor YD1701 was screened, attenuated the invasion of CRC cells in vitro, and prolonged the survival of mice bearing subcutaneous or orthotopic xenografts. Our results show that ALDH1A3 promotes invasion and metastasis via the miR-200-ZEB1/SANI2 axis and is thus a plausible marker for predicting CRC progression. Inhibiting ALDH1A3 with the identified compound YD1701 might represent an effective therapeutic approach to prevent the metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang-Jie Duan
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jiao Cai
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun-Jie Chen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Xia Zheng
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tian-Qing Chen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China; School of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030002, Shanxi, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qing-Kai Yang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Cancer Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China.
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, China; International Joint Research Center for Precision Biotherapy, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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19
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Zhong J, Guo CJ, Zhou X, Chang CC, Yin B, Zhang T, Hu H, Lu GM, Liu JL. Structural basis of dynamic P5CS filaments. eLife 2022; 11:76107. [PMID: 35286254 PMCID: PMC8963878 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bifunctional enzyme Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) is vital to the synthesis of proline and ornithine, playing an essential role in human health and agriculture. Pathogenic mutations in the P5CS gene (ALDH18A1) lead to neurocutaneous syndrome and skin relaxation connective tissue disease in humans, and P5CS deficiency seriously damages the ability to resist adversity in plants. We have recently found that P5CS forms cytoophidia in vivo and filaments in vitro. However, it is difficult to appreciate the function of P5CS filamentation without precise structures. Using cryo-electron microscopy, here we solve the structures of Drosophila full-length P5CS in three states at resolution from 3.1 to 4.3 Å. We observe distinct ligand-binding states and conformational changes for the GK and GPR domains, respectively. Divergent helical filaments are assembled by P5CS tetramers and stabilized by multiple interfaces. Point mutations disturbing those interfaces prevent P5CS filamentation and greatly reduce the enzymatic activity. Our findings reveal that filamentation is crucial for the coordination between the GK and GPR domains, providing a structural basis for the catalytic function of P5CS filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiale Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen-Jun Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xian Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chia-Chun Chang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boqi Yin
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huanhuan Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Ming Lu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Li W, Meng R, Liu Y, Chen S, Jiang J, Wang L, Zhao S, Wang Z, Fang W, Chen F, Guan Z. Heterografted chrysanthemums enhance salt stress tolerance by integrating reactive oxygen species, soluble sugar, and proline. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhac073. [PMID: 35712696 PMCID: PMC9198737 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum, one of the most important commercial ornamental crops, is susceptible to salinity, which limits its cultivation and application in coastal and inland saline areas. Grafting is widely used to improve the salt tolerance of horticultural crops, but the mechanisms of grafted chrysanthemum responses to salt stress remain unclear. In this study, we showed that heterografted chrysanthemums with Artemisia annua as rootstock exhibited increased salt tolerance compared with self-grafted and self-rooted chrysanthemums. Under high salt stress, the roots of heterografted chrysanthemums enrich Na+, resulting in a reduction of Na+ toxicity in the scion, with only a small amount of Na+ being transported to the leaves. On the other hand, the roots of heterografted chrysanthemums alleviated high Na+ stress via enhanced catalase enzyme activity, downregulation of the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation-related genes, massive accumulation of soluble sugars and proline, and upregulation of the expression of heat shock protein-related genes to enhance salt tolerance. In addition, the leaves of heterografted chrysanthemums respond to low Na+ stress by increasing peroxidase enzyme activity and soluble sugar and proline contents, to maintain a healthy state. However, self-grafted and self-rooted plants could not integrate ROS, soluble sugars, and proline in response to salt stress, and thus exhibited a salt-sensitive phenotype. Our research reveals the mechanisms underlying the increased salt tolerance of heterografted chrysanthemums and makes it possible to have large-scale cultivation of chrysanthemums in saline areas.
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21
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Bogner AN, Stiers KM, Tanner JJ. Structure, biochemistry, and gene expression patterns of the proline biosynthetic enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (PYCR), an emerging cancer therapy target. Amino Acids 2021; 53:1817-1834. [PMID: 34003320 PMCID: PMC8599497 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-021-02999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Proline metabolism features prominently in the unique metabolism of cancer cells. Proline biosynthetic genes are consistently upregulated in multiple cancers, while the proline catabolic enzyme proline dehydrogenase has dual, context-dependent pro-cancer and pro-apoptotic functions. Furthermore, the cycling of proline and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate through the proline cycle impacts cellular growth and death pathways by maintaining redox homeostasis between the cytosol and mitochondria. Here we focus on the last enzyme of proline biosynthesis, Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, known as PYCR in humans. PYCR catalyzes the NAD(P)H-dependent reduction of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to proline and forms the reductive half of the proline metabolic cycle. We review the research on the three-dimensional structure, biochemistry, inhibition, and cancer biology of PYCR. To provide a global view of PYCR gene upregulation in cancer, we mined RNA transcript databases to analyze differential gene expression in 28 cancer types. This analysis revealed strong, widespread upregulation of PYCR genes, especially PYCR1. Altogether, the research over the past 20 years makes a compelling case for PYCR as a cancer therapy target. We conclude with a discussion of some of the major challenges for the field, including developing isoform-specific inhibitors, elucidating the function of the long C-terminus of PYCR1/2, and characterizing the interactome of PYCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Bogner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Kyle M Stiers
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - John J Tanner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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22
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A proline metabolism selection system and its application to the engineering of lipid biosynthesis in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Metab Eng Commun 2021; 13:e00179. [PMID: 34386349 PMCID: PMC8346673 DOI: 10.1016/j.mec.2021.e00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the leading mammalian cell host employed to produce complex secreted recombinant biotherapeutics such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Metabolic selection marker technologies (e.g. glutamine synthetase (GS) or dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR)) are routinely employed to generate such recombinant mammalian cell lines. Here we describe the development of a selection marker system based on the metabolic requirement of CHO cells to produce proline, and that uses pyrroline-5-carboxylase synthetase (P5CS) to complement this auxotrophy. Firstly, we showed the system can be used to generate cells that have growth kinetics in proline-free medium similar to those of the parent CHO cell line, CHOK1SV GS-KO™ grown in proline-containing medium. As we have previously described how engineering lipid metabolism can be harnessed to enhance recombinant protein productivity in CHO cells, we then used the P5CS selection system to re-engineer lipid metabolism by over-expression of either sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBF1) or stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1). The cells with re-engineered proline and lipid metabolism showed consistent growth and P5CS, SCD1 and SREBF1 expression across 100 cell generations. Finally, we show that the P5CS and GS selection systems can be used together. A GS vector containing the light and heavy chains for a mAb was super-transfected into a CHOK1SV GS-KO™ host over-expressing SCD1 from a P5CS vector. The resulting stable transfectant pools achieved a higher concentration at harvest for a model difficult to express mAb than the CHOK1SV GS-KO™ host. This demonstrates that the P5CS and GS selection systems can be used concomitantly to enable CHO cell line genetic engineering and recombinant protein expression. We have engineered a proline P5CS metabolism selection system in CHO cells P5CS proline selection was used to engineer lipid metabolism in CHO cells P5CS selection was stable for at least 100 generations P5CS and GS selection systems were used together to engineer lipid and mAb expression Lipid metabolism P5CS engineered CHO cells give enhanced recombinant protein expression
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23
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Bhingarkar A, Vangapandu HV, Rathod S, Hoshitsuki K, Fernandez CA. Amino Acid Metabolic Vulnerabilities in Acute and Chronic Myeloid Leukemias. Front Oncol 2021; 11:694526. [PMID: 34277440 PMCID: PMC8281237 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.694526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amino acid (AA) metabolism plays an important role in many cellular processes including energy production, immune function, and purine and pyrimidine synthesis. Cancer cells therefore require increased AA uptake and undergo metabolic reprogramming to satisfy the energy demand associated with their rapid proliferation. Like many other cancers, myeloid leukemias are vulnerable to specific therapeutic strategies targeting metabolic dependencies. Herein, our review provides a comprehensive overview and TCGA data analysis of biosynthetic enzymes required for non-essential AA synthesis and their dysregulation in myeloid leukemias. Furthermore, we discuss the role of the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) and-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways of AA sensing on metabolic vulnerability and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aboli Bhingarkar
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Hima V. Vangapandu
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Sanjay Rathod
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Keito Hoshitsuki
- Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Christian A. Fernandez
- Center for Pharmacogenetics and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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24
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Hormone-dependent activation and repression of microRNAs by the ecdysone receptor in the dengue vector mosquito Aedes aegypti. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102417118. [PMID: 34155112 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102417118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Female mosquitoes transmit numerous devastating human diseases because they require vertebrate blood meal for egg development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles across multiple reproductive processes in female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. However, how miRNAs are controlled to coordinate their activity with the demands of mosquito reproduction remains largely unknown. We report that the ecdysone receptor (EcR)-mediated 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) signaling regulates miRNA expression in female mosquitoes. EcR RNA-interference silencing linked to small RNA-sequencing analysis reveals that EcR not only activates but also represses miRNA expression in the female mosquito fat body, a functional analog of the vertebrate liver. EcR directly represses the expression of clustered miR-275 and miR-305 before blood feeding when the 20E titer is low, whereas it activates their expression in response to the increased 20E titer after a blood meal. Furthermore, we find that SMRTER, an insect analog of the vertebrate nuclear receptor corepressors SMRT and N-CoR, interacts with EcR in a 20E-sensitive manner and is required for EcR-mediated repression of miRNA expression in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. In addition, we demonstrate that miR-275 and miR-305 directly target glutamate semialdehyde dehydrogenase and AAEL009899, respectively, to facilitate egg development. This study reveals a mechanism for how miRNAs are controlled by the 20E signaling pathway to coordinate their activity with the demands of mosquito reproduction.
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25
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Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Reductase 2 Deficiency: A New Case and Review of the Literature. Can J Neurol Sci 2021; 47:280-282. [PMID: 31918782 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2020.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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Manaspon C, Boonsimma P, Phokaew C, Theerapanon T, Sriwattanapong K, Porntaveetus T, Shotelersuk V. Expanding the genotypic spectrum of PYCR2 and a common ancestry in Thai patients with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:3068-3073. [PMID: 34037307 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PYCR2 pathogenic variants lead to an autosomal recessive hypomyelinating leukodystrophy 10 (HLD10), characterized by global developmental delay, microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, movement disorder, and hypomyelination. This study identified the first two unrelated Thai patients with HLD10. Patient 1 harbored the novel compound heterozygous variants, c.257T>G (p.Val86Gly) and c.400G>A (p.Val134Met), whereas patient 2 possessed the homozygous variant, c.400G>A (p.Val134Met), in PYCR2. Haplotype analysis revealed that the two families' members shared a 2.3 Mb region covering the c.400G>A variant, indicating a common ancestry. The variant was estimated to age 1450 years ago. Since the c.400G>A was detected in three out of four mutant alleles and with a common ancestry, this variant might be common in Thai patients. We also reviewed the phenotype and genotype of all 35 previously reported PYCR2 patients and found that majorities of cases were homozygous with a consanguineous family history, except patient 1 and another reported case who were compound heterozygous. All patients had microcephaly and developmental delay. Hypotonia and peripheral spasticity were common. Hypomyelination or delayed myelination was a typical radiographic feature. Here, we report the first two Thai patients with HLD10 with the novel PYCR2 variants expanding the genotypic spectrum and suggest that the c.400G>A might be a common mutation in Thai patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawan Manaspon
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand.,Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ponghatai Boonsimma
- Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Chureerat Phokaew
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanakorn Theerapanon
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kanokwan Sriwattanapong
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thantrira Porntaveetus
- Genomics and Precision Dentistry Research Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Vorasuk Shotelersuk
- Center of Excellence for Medical Genomics, Medical Genomics Cluster, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Excellence Center for Genomics and Precision Medicine, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, The Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
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27
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Chen YJ, Zhang ZQ, Wang MW, Qiu YS, Yuan RY, Dong EL, Zhao Z, Zhou HT, Wang N, Chen WJ, Lin X. Novel Compound Missense and Intronic Splicing Mutation in ALDH18A1 Causes Autosomal Recessive Spastic Paraplegia. Front Neurol 2021; 12:627531. [PMID: 34093392 PMCID: PMC8170465 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.627531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) caused by mutations in ALDH18A1 have been reported as spastic paraplegia 9 (SPG9), with autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive transmission (SPG9A and SPG9B). SPG9 is rare and has shown phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity in previous reports. Methods: This study screened ALDH18A1 mutations in autosomal recessive HSP patients using combined whole exome sequencing and RNA splicing analysis. We conducted in silico investigations, co-segregation analysis, and ELISA-based analysis of P5CS (Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase; encoded by ALDH18A1) concentration to validate the pathogenicity of the detected ALDH18A1 variants. All previously reported bi-allelic ALDH18A1 mutations and cases were reviewed to summarize the genetic and clinical features of ALDH18A1-related HSP. Results: A novel missense mutation c.880T>C, p.S294P and an intronic splicing mutation c.-28-13A>G were both detected in ALDH18A1 in an autosomal recessive family presenting with a complicated form HSP. ELISA assays revealed significantly decreased P5CS concentration in the proband's plasma compared with that in the healthy controls. Moreover, review of previously reported recessive cases showed that SPG9B patients in our cohort presented with milder symptoms, i.e., later age at onset and without cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The present study expands the genetic and clinical spectrum of SPG9B caused by ALDH18A1 mutation. Our work defines new genetic variants to facilitate future diagnoses, in addition to demonstrating the highly informative value of splicing mutation prediction in the characterization of disease-related intronic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zai-Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Wen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu-Sen Qiu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ru-Ying Yuan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - En-Lin Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hai-Tao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Luoyang Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Luoyang, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wan-Jin Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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28
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Akram W, Khan WU, Shah AA, Yasin NA, Li G. Liquiritoside Alleviated Pb Induced Stress in Brassica rapa subsp. Parachinensis: Modulations in Glucosinolate Content and Some Physiochemical Attributes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:722498. [PMID: 34512701 PMCID: PMC8428967 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.722498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Current research was conducted to explore the effects of liquiritoside on the growth and physiochemical features of Chinese flowering cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. parachinensis) under lead (Pb) stress. Lead stressed B. rapa plants exhibited decreased growth parameters, chlorophyll, and carotenoid contents. Moreover, Pb toxicity escalated the synthesis of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), flavonoids, phenolics, and proline in treated plants. Nevertheless, foliar application of liquiritoside mitigated Pb toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress by reducing cysteine, H2O2, and MDA contents in applied plants. Liquiritoside significantly increased plant height, shoot fresh weight and dry weight, number of leaves, and marketable value of Chinese flowering cabbage plants exposed to Pb toxicity. This biotic elicitor also enhanced the proline, glutathione, total phenolics, and flavonoid contents in Chinese flowering cabbage plants exposed to Pb stress compared with the control. Additionally, total glucosinolate content, phytochelatins (PCs), and non-protein thiols were effectively increased in plants grown under Pb regimes compared with the control plants. Overall, foliar application of liquiritoside can markedly alleviate Pb stress by restricting Pb translocation in Chinese flowering cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Akram
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Waheed Ullah Khan
- Department of Environmental Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Anis Ali Shah
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Ahmad Yasin
- RO-II Office, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Nasim Ahmad Yasin,
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables/Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Guihua Li,
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29
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Ding S, Chen M, Liao Y, Chen Q, Lin X, Chen S, Chai Y, Li C, Asakawa T. Serum Metabolic Profiles of Chinese Women With Perimenopausal Obesity Explored by the Untargeted Metabolomics Approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:637317. [PMID: 34630316 PMCID: PMC8498571 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.637317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
By far, no study has focused on observing the metabolomic profiles in perimenopause-related obesity. This study attempted to identify the metabolic characteristics of subjects with perimenopause obesity (PO). Thirty-nine perimenopausal Chinese women, 21 with PO and 18 without obesity (PN), were recruited in this study. A conventional ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS) followed by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used as untargeted metabolomics approaches to explore the serum metabolic profiles. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and MetaboAnalyst were used to identify the related metabolic pathways. A total of 46 differential metabolites, along with seven metabolic pathways relevant to PO were identified, which belonged to lipid, amino acids, carbohydrates, and organic acids. As for amino acids, we found a significant increase in l-arginine and d-ornithine in the positive ion (POS) mode and l-leucine, l-valine, l-tyrosine, and N-acetyl-l-tyrosine in the negative ion (NEG) mode and a significant decrease in l-proline in the POS mode of the PO group. We also found phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/16:0), palmitic acid, and myristic acid, which are associated with the significant upregulation of lipid metabolism. Moreover, the serum indole lactic acid and indoleacetic acid were upregulated in the NEG mode. With respect to the metabolic pathways, the d-arginine and d-ornithine metabolisms and the arginine and proline metabolism pathways in POS mode were the most dominant PO-related pathways. The changes of metabolisms of lipid, amino acids, and indoleacetic acid provided a pathophysiological scenario for Chinese women with PO. We believe that the findings of this study are helpful for clinicians to take measures to prevent the women with PO from developing severe incurable obesity-related complications, such as cardiovascular disease and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ding
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingyi Chen
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejuan Lin
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shujiao Chen
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yujuan Chai
- School of Medical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Candong Li
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tetsuya Asakawa
- Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
- Department of Neurology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Tetsuya Asakawa,
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Wasim M, Khan HN, Ayesha H, Tawab A, Habib FE, Asi MR, Iqbal M, Awan FR. High levels of blood glutamic acid and ornithine in children with intellectual disability. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2020; 68:609-614. [PMID: 36210897 PMCID: PMC9542416 DOI: 10.1080/20473869.2020.1858520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Aminoacidopathies are inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) that cause intellectual disability in children. Luckily, aminoacidopathies are potentially treatable, if diagnosed earlier in life. The focus of this study was the screening of aminoacidopathies in a cohort of patients suspected for IEMs. Methods: Blood samples from healthy (IQ > 90; n = 391) and intellectually disabled (IQ < 70; n = 409) children (suspected for IEMs) were collected from different areas of Northern Punjab, Pakistan. An analytical HPLC assay was used for the screening of plasma amino acids. Results: All the samples (n = 800) were analyzed on HPLC and forty-three out of 409 patient samples showed abnormal amino acid profiles mainly in the levels of glutamic acid, ornithine and methionine. Plasma concentration (Mean ± SD ng/mL) were significantly high in 40 patients for glutamic acid (patients: 165 ± 38 vs. controls: 57 ± 8, p < 0.00001) and ornithine (patients: 3177 ± 937 vs. controls: 1361 ± 91, p < 0.0001). Moreover, 3 patients showed abnormally high (53.3 ± 8.6 ng/mL) plasma levels of methionine. Conclusion: In conclusion, biochemical analysis of samples from such patients at the metabolites level could reveal the underlying diseases which could be confirmed through advanced biochemical and genetic analyses. Thus, treatment to some of such patients could be offered. Thus burden of intellectual disability caused by such rare metabolic diseases could be reduced from the target populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Wasim
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
| | - Haq Nawaz Khan
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
| | - Hina Ayesha
- Department of Pediatrics, DHQ/Allied Hospitals, Punjab Medical College (PMC, Faisalabad Medical University (FMU), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Tawab
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
| | - Fazal e Habib
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
| | - Fazli Rabbi Awan
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Pakistan
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31
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Yang Z, Zhao X, Shang W, Liu Y, Ji JF, Liu JP, Tong C. Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase senses cellular stress and modulates metabolism by regulating mitochondrial respiration. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:303-319. [PMID: 32770108 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS) catalyzes the synthesis of pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C), a key precursor for the synthesis of proline and ornithine. P5CS malfunction leads to multiple human diseases; however, the molecular mechanism underlying these diseases is unknown. We found that P5CS localizes in mitochondria in rod- and ring-like patterns but diffuses inside the mitochondria upon cellular starvation or exposure to oxidizing agents. Some of the human disease-related mutant forms of P5CS also exhibit diffused distribution. Multimerization (but not the catalytic activity) of P5CS regulates its localization. P5CS mutant cells have a reduced proliferation rate and are sensitive to cellular stresses. Flies lacking P5CS have reduced eclosion rates. Lipid droplets accumulate in the eyes of the newly eclosed P5CS mutant flies, which degenerate with aging. The loss of P5CS in cells leads to abnormal purine metabolism and lipid-droplet accumulation. The reduced lipid-droplet consumption is likely due to decreased expression of the fatty acid transporter, CPT1, and few β-oxidation-related genes following P5CS knockdown. Surprisingly, we found that P5CS is required for mitochondrial respiratory complex organization and that the respiration defects in P5CS knockout cells likely contribute to the metabolic defects in purine synthesis and lipid consumption. This study links amino acid synthesis with mitochondrial respiration and other key metabolic processes, whose imbalance might contribute to P5CS-related disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaocui Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weina Shang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Feng Ji
- Centre of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun-Ping Liu
- Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China
| | - Chao Tong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China. .,Institute of Ageing Research, Hangzhou Normal University College of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, China. .,The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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Parvin K, Nahar K, Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Mohsin SM, Fujita M. Exogenous vanillic acid enhances salt tolerance of tomato: Insight into plant antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 150:109-120. [PMID: 32135476 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated vanillic acid-induced salt tolerance in tomato by exploring the plant defense systems. Ten-d-old tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pusa Ruby) seedlings were treated with salt (NaCl; 150 mM) and vanillic acid (VA; 40 and 50 μM) separately and in combination with salt. Salinity restricted seedlings growth, biomass accumulation, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents. Salt-induced osmotic stress was indicated by lower leaf relative water content (RWC) and elevated proline (Pro) content, where higher Na+/K+ ratio indicated the ionic toxicity. Tomato seedlings went through oxidative damage due to acute reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity and confirmed by higher lipid peroxidation and membrane damage under salinity. Conversely, exogenous VA reduced osmotic and ionic toxicity in stressed-seedlings by enhancing the RWC and Pro level, and lowering Na+/K+ ratio, respectively. Exogenous VA up-regulated the components of antioxidant defense system in salt-treated seedlings resulted in the reduction of ROS production, LOX activity and membrane damage in stressed-seedlings. Additionally, VA application caused the reduction of toxic methylglyoxal accumulation under salt stress through the enhancement of glyoxalase system. Thus, VA-induced alleviation of osmotic, ionic and oxidative stresses leading to improve plant growth and chlorophyll synthesis in stressed-seedlings. So, VA significantly improves salinity tolerance and plant growth performance by involving the actions of plant antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheda Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan; Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Kamrun Nahar
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - M H M Borhannuddin Bhuyan
- Citrus Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jaintapur, Sylhet, 3156, Bangladesh
| | - Sayed Mohammad Mohsin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan; Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
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Zhang B, Tastan ÖY, Zhou X, Guo CJ, Liu X, Thind A, Hu HH, Zhao S, Liu JL. The proline synthesis enzyme P5CS forms cytoophidia in Drosophila. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:131-143. [PMID: 32317150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Compartmentation of enzymes via filamentation has arisen as a mechanism for the regulation of metabolism. In 2010, three groups independently reported that CTP synthase (CTPS) can assemble into a filamentous structure termed the cytoophidium. In searching for CTPS-interacting proteins, here we perform a yeast two-hybrid screening of Drosophila proteins and identify a putative CTPS-interacting protein, △1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS). Using the Drosophila follicle cell as the in vivo model, we confirm that P5CS forms cytoophidia, which are associated with CTPS cytoophidia. Overexpression of P5CS increases the length of CTPS cytoophidia. Conversely, filamentation of CTPS affects the morphology of P5CS cytoophidia. Finally, in vitro analyses confirm the filament-forming property of P5CS. Our work links CTPS with P5CS, two enzymes involved in the rate-limiting steps in pyrimidine and proline biosynthesis, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ömür Y Tastan
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Xian Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chen-Jun Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xuyang Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Aaron Thind
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Huan-Huan Hu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ji-Long Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China; MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, United Kingdom.
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Madany MMY, Obaid WA, Hozien W, AbdElgawad H, Hamed BA, Saleh AM. Salicylic acid confers resistance against broomrape in tomato through modulation of C and N metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2020; 147:322-335. [PMID: 31911359 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It is well known that parasitic weeds such as Orobanche (broomrape) significantly decrease crop growth and yield. Although hormonal priming is a well-known inducer of plant resistance against broomrapes (Orobanche spp.), the metabolic events associated with such resistance are poorly understood. Therefore, the current work was undertaken to elucidate the role of SA in inducing tomato resistance against Orobanche, considering its impact on carbon and nitrogen metabolism of the host. Total carbon and nitrogen and levels of carbon (sugars, organic acids and fatty acids) and nitrogen (amino acids and polyamines)-containing metabolites as well as the activities of some key enzymes involved in their metabolic pathways were evaluated. Broomrape infection significantly disrupted C/N ratio in the host roots. On contrary, SA treatment markedly induced accumulation of sugars, organic acids, fatty acids, amino acids as well as polyamines in healthy plants. Under broomrape challenge, SA mitigated the infection-induced growth inhibition by improving the level of nitrogen-containing osmoprotectants (proline, arginine and some polyamines). However, a decrease was observed in some C and N assimilates which are well known to be potentially transferred to the parasite, such as sucrose, asparagine, alanine, serine and glutamate. Interestingly, SA treatment induced the catapolism of polyamines and fatty acids in the host root. Accordingly, our study suggests that SA-induced resistance against broomrape relies on the rational utilization of C and N assimilates in a manner that disturbs the sink strength of the parasite and/or activates the defense pool of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud M Y Madany
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, 41411, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
| | - Wael A Obaid
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah, 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wael Hozien
- Bioproducts Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany and microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Hamada AbdElgawad
- Integrated Molecular Plant Physiology Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Botany and microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Badreldin A Hamed
- Department of Botany and microbiology, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Saleh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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35
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Arruda P, Barreto P. Lysine Catabolism Through the Saccharopine Pathway: Enzymes and Intermediates Involved in Plant Responses to Abiotic and Biotic Stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:587. [PMID: 32508857 PMCID: PMC7253579 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The saccharopine pathway (SACPATH) involves the conversion of lysine into α-aminoadipate by three enzymatic reactions catalyzed by the bifunctional enzyme lysine-ketoglutarate reductase/saccharopine dehydrogenase (LKR/SDH) and the enzyme α-aminoadipate semialdehyde dehydrogenase (AASADH). The LKR domain condenses lysine and α-ketoglutarate into saccharopine, and the SDH domain hydrolyzes saccharopine to form glutamate and α-aminoadipate semialdehyde, the latter of which is oxidized to α-aminoadipate by AASADH. Glutamate can give rise to proline by the action of the enzymes Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase (P5CR), while Δ1-piperideine-6-carboxylate the cyclic form of α-aminoadipate semialdehyde can be used by P5CR to produce pipecolate. The production of proline and pipecolate by the SACPATH can help plants face the damage caused by osmotic, drought, and salt stress. AASADH is a versatile enzyme that converts an array of aldehydes into carboxylates, and thus, its induction within the SACPATH would help alleviate the toxic effects of these compounds produced under stressful conditions. Pipecolate is the priming agent of N-hydroxypipecolate (NHP), the effector of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In this review, lysine catabolism through the SACPATH is discussed in the context of abiotic stress and its potential role in the induction of the biotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo Arruda
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Paulo Arruda,
| | - Pedro Barreto
- Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Genomics for Climate Change Research Center (GCCRC), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Parvin K, Hasanuzzaman M, Bhuyan MHMB, Mohsin SM, Fujita AM. Quercetin Mediated Salt Tolerance in Tomato through the Enhancement of Plant Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E247. [PMID: 31349715 PMCID: PMC6724113 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin (Qu) is a strong antioxidant among the phenolic compounds having physiological and biochemical roles in plants. Hence, we have studied the Qu evolved protection against salinity in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Salinity caused ionic toxicity by increasing Na+ content in seedlings along with nutritional starvation of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. While osmotic stress was detected by higher free proline (Pro) content and lower leaf relative water content (LRWC) in salt-stressed seedlings. Salt toxicity also induced higher H2O2 generation, malondialdehyde (MDA) content and lipoxygenase (LOX) activity as a sign of oxidative stress. Tomato seedlings suffered from methylglyoxal (MG) toxicity, degradation of chlorophyll, along with lower biomass accumulation and growth due to salt exposure. However, Qu application under salinity resulted in lower Na+/K+ due to reduced Na+ content, higher LRWC, increased Pro, and reduction of H2O2 and MDA content, and LOX activity, which indicated alleviation of ionic, osmotic, and oxidative stress respectively. Quercetin caused oxidative stress, lessening through the strengthening of both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. In addition, Qu increased glutathione S-transferase activity in salt-invaded seedlings, which might be stimulated reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging along with higher GSH content. As a result, toxic MG was detoxified in Qu supplemented salt-stressed seedlings by increasing both Gly I and Gly II activities. Moreover, Qu insisted on better plant growth and photosynthetic pigments synthesis in saline or without saline media. Therefore, exogenous applied Qu may become an important actor to minimize salt-induced toxicity in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khursheda Parvin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
- Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - M H M Borhannuddin Bhuyan
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
- Citrus Research Station, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Jaintapur, Sylhet 3156, Bangladesh
| | - Sayed Mohammad Mohsin
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - And Masayuki Fujita
- Laboratory of Plant Stress Responses, Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-Cho, Kita-Gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
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Liang ST, Audira G, Juniardi S, Chen JR, Lai YH, Du ZC, Lin DS, Hsiao CD. Zebrafish Carrying pycr1 Gene Deficiency Display Aging and Multiple Behavioral Abnormalities. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050453. [PMID: 31091804 PMCID: PMC6562453 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a natural process that internal gene control and external stimuli mediate. Clinical data pointed out that homozygotic or heterozygotic mutation in the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase 1 (PYCR1) gene in humans caused cutis laxa (ARCL) disease, with progeroid appearance, lax and wrinkled skin, joint laxity, osteopenia, and mental retardation phenotypes. In this study, we aimed to generate pycr1 knockout (KO) zebrafish and carried out biochemical characterizations and behavior analyses. Marked apoptosis and senescence were detected in pycr1 KO zebrafish, which started from embryos/larvae stage. Biochemical assays showed that adult pycr1 KO fish have significantly reduced proline and extracellular matrix contents, lowered energy, and diminished superoxide dismutase (SOD) and telomerase activity when compared to the wild type fish, which suggested the pycr1 KO fish may have dysfunction in mitochondria. The pycr1 KO fish were viable; however, displayed progeria-like phenotype from the 4 months old and reach 50% mortality around six months old. In adult stage, we found that pycr1 KO fish showed reduced locomotion activity, aggression, predator avoidance, social interaction interest, as well as dysregulated color preference and circadian rhythm. In summary, we have identified multiple behavioral alterations in a novel fish model for aging with pycr1 gene loss-of-function by behavioral tests. This animal model may not only provide a unique vertebrate model to screen potential anti-aging drugs in the future, but also be an excellent in vivo model towards a better understanding of the corresponding behavioral alterations that accompany aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Tzu Liang
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Gilbert Audira
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Stevhen Juniardi
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
| | - Jung-Ren Chen
- Department of Biological Science & Technology, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 84001, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Heng Lai
- Department of Chemistry, Chinese Culture University, Taipei 11114, Taiwan.
| | - Zheng-Cai Du
- Guangxi Scientific Experimental Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530200, China.
| | - Dar-Shong Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 252, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 252, Taiwan.
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei 252, Taiwan.
| | - Chung-Der Hsiao
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
- Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
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Permana D, Minamihata K, Tatsuke T, Lee JM, Kusakabe T, Goto M, Kamiya N. Polymerization of Horseradish Peroxidase by a Laccase‐Catalyzed Tyrosine Coupling Reaction. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800531. [DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dani Permana
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University744 Motooka, Nishi‐ku Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
- Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Kampus LIPI Bandung Gedung 50, Jl. Cisitu Bandung 40135 Indonesia
| | - Kosuke Minamihata
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University744 Motooka, Nishi‐ku Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
| | - Tsuneyuki Tatsuke
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu UniversityHigashi‐ku Fukuoka 812‐8581 Japan
| | - Jae M. Lee
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu UniversityHigashi‐ku Fukuoka 812‐8581 Japan
| | - Takahiro Kusakabe
- Laboratory of Insect Genome Science, Graduate School of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Kyushu UniversityHigashi‐ku Fukuoka 812‐8581 Japan
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University744 Motooka, Nishi‐ku Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
- Division of BiotechnologyCenter for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University744 Motooka, Nishi‐ku Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
| | - Noriho Kamiya
- Department of Applied ChemistryGraduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University744 Motooka, Nishi‐ku Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
- Division of BiotechnologyCenter for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University744 Motooka, Nishi‐ku Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Proline catabolism refers to the 4-electron oxidation of proline to glutamate catalyzed by the enzymes proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and l-glutamate γ-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (GSALDH, or ALDH4A1). These enzymes and the intermediate metabolites of the pathway have been implicated in tumor growth and suppression, metastasis, hyperprolinemia metabolic disorders, schizophrenia susceptibility, life span extension, and pathogen virulence and survival. In some bacteria, PRODH and GSALDH are combined into a bifunctional enzyme known as proline utilization A (PutA). PutAs are not only virulence factors in some pathogenic bacteria but also fascinating systems for studying the coordination of metabolic enzymes via substrate channeling. Recent Advances: The past decade has seen an explosion of structural data for proline catabolic enzymes. This review surveys these structures, emphasizing protein folds, substrate recognition, oligomerization, kinetic mechanisms, and substrate channeling in PutA. CRITICAL ISSUES Major unsolved structural targets include eukaryotic PRODH, the complex between monofunctional PRODH and monofunctional GSALDH, and the largest of all PutAs, trifunctional PutA. The structural basis of PutA-membrane association is poorly understood. Fundamental aspects of substrate channeling in PutA remain unknown, such as the identity of the channeled intermediate, how the tunnel system is activated, and the roles of ancillary tunnels. FUTURE DIRECTIONS New approaches are needed to study the molecular and in vivo mechanisms of substrate channeling. With the discovery of the proline cycle driving tumor growth and metastasis, the development of inhibitors of proline metabolic enzymes has emerged as an exciting new direction. Structural biology will be important in these endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Tanner
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri.,2 Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia , Columbia, Missouri
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40
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Eswarappa SM, Potdar AA, Sahoo S, Sankar S, Fox PL. Metabolic origin of the fused aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:19148-19156. [PMID: 30309984 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
About 1 billion years ago, in a single-celled holozoan ancestor of all animals, a gene fusion of two tRNA synthetases formed the bifunctional enzyme, glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS). We propose here that a confluence of metabolic, biochemical, and environmental factors contributed to the specific fusion of glutamyl- (ERS) and prolyl- (PRS) tRNA synthetases. To test this idea, we developed a mathematical model that centers on the precursor-product relationship of glutamic acid and proline, as well as metabolic constraints on free glutamic acid availability near the time of the fusion event. Our findings indicate that proline content increased in the proteome during the emergence of animals, thereby increasing demand for free proline. Together, these constraints contributed to a marked cellular depletion of glutamic acid and its products, with potentially catastrophic consequences. In response, an ancient organism invented an elegant solution in which genes encoding ERS and PRS fused to form EPRS, forcing coexpression of the two enzymes and preventing lethal dysregulation. The substantial evolutionary advantage of this coregulatory mechanism is evidenced by the persistence of EPRS in nearly all extant animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep M Eswarappa
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India,
| | - Alka A Potdar
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, and
| | - Sarthak Sahoo
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Santhosh Sankar
- From the Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Paul L Fox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195
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41
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Lefebvre M, Beaufrere AM, Francannet C, Laurichesse H, Poe C, Jouan T, Troude B, Dechelotte P, Vabres P, Briard M, Mosca-Boidron AL, Duffourd Y, Faivre L, Thevenon J, Thauvin-Robinet C. Extending the ALDH18A1 clinical spectrum to severe autosomal recessive fetal cutis laxa with corpus callosum agenesis. Am J Med Genet A 2018; 176:2509-2512. [PMID: 30244529 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.40515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Lefebvre
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD « Génétique des Anomalies du Développement » (GAD), Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | - Charlotte Poe
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD « Génétique des Anomalies du Développement » (GAD), Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Thibaud Jouan
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD « Génétique des Anomalies du Développement » (GAD), Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Baptiste Troude
- Centre de Génétique, Hôpital d'Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Dechelotte
- Service d'Anatomie et Cytologie Pathologique, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Marie Briard
- Service de radiologie pédiatrique, Hôpital d'Estaing, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Yannis Duffourd
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD « Génétique des Anomalies du Développement » (GAD), Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Laurence Faivre
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD « Génétique des Anomalies du Développement » (GAD), Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Est, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Julien Thevenon
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD « Génétique des Anomalies du Développement » (GAD), Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Est, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Christel Thauvin-Robinet
- Inserm UMR1231 GAD « Génétique des Anomalies du Développement » (GAD), Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.,Centre de Génétique et Centre de Référence Anomalies du Développement et Syndromes Malformatifs de l'Est, FHU-TRANSLAD, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
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42
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Spinelli JB, Haigis MC. The multifaceted contributions of mitochondria to cellular metabolism. Nat Cell Biol 2018; 20:745-754. [PMID: 29950572 PMCID: PMC6541229 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-018-0124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 832] [Impact Index Per Article: 138.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although classically appreciated for their role as the powerhouse of the cell, the metabolic functions of mitochondria reach far beyond bioenergetics. In this Review, we discuss how mitochondria catabolize nutrients for energy, generate biosynthetic precursors for macromolecules, compartmentalize metabolites for the maintenance of redox homeostasis and function as hubs for metabolic waste management. We address the importance of these roles in both normal physiology and in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica B Spinelli
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Ludwig Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Ludwig Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Wang B, Li Z, Ran Q, Li P, Peng Z, Zhang J. ZmNF-YB16 Overexpression Improves Drought Resistance and Yield by Enhancing Photosynthesis and the Antioxidant Capacity of Maize Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:709. [PMID: 29896208 PMCID: PMC5986874 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
ZmNF-YB16 is a basic NF-YB superfamily member and a member of a transcription factor complex composed of NF-YA, NF-YB, and NF-YC in maize. ZmNF-YB16 was transformed into the inbred maize line B104 to produce homozygous overexpression lines. ZmNF-YB16 overexpression improves dehydration and drought stress resistance in maize plants during vegetative and reproductive stages by maintaining higher photosynthesis and increases the maize grain yield under normal and drought stress conditions. Based on the examination of differentially expressed genes between the wild-type (WT) and transgenic lines by quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR), ZmNF-YB16 overexpression increased the expression of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes, the antioxidant synthase, and molecular chaperones associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, and improved protection mechanism for photosynthesis system II. Plants that overexpression ZmNF-YB16 showed a higher rate of photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activity, better membrane stability and lower electrolyte leakage under control and drought stress conditions. These results suggested that ZmNF-YB16 played an important role in drought resistance in maize by regulating the expression of a number of genes involved in photosynthesis, the cellular antioxidant capacity and the ER stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Juren Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Patel VK, Srivastava R, Sharma A, Srivastava AK, Singh S, Srivastava AK, Kashyap PL, Chakdar H, Pandiyan K, Kalra A, Saxena AK. Halotolerant Exiguobacterium profundum PHM11 Tolerate Salinity by Accumulating L-Proline and Fine-Tuning Gene Expression Profiles of Related Metabolic Pathways. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:423. [PMID: 29662469 PMCID: PMC5890156 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity stress is one of the serious factors, limiting production of major agricultural crops; especially, in sodic soils. A number of approaches are being applied to mitigate the salt-induced adverse effects in agricultural crops through implying different halotolerant microbes. In this aspect, a halotolerant, Exiguobacterium profundum PHM11 was evaluated under eight different salinity regimes; 100, 250, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, and 3000 mM to know its inherent salt tolerance limits and salt-induced consequences affecting its natural metabolism. Based on the stoichiometric growth kinetics; 100 and 1500 mM concentrations were selected as optimal and minimal performance limits for PHM11. To know, how salt stress affects the expression profiles of regulatory genes of its key metabolic pathways, and total production of important metabolites; biomass, carotenoids, beta-carotene production, IAA and proline contents, and expression profiles of key genes affecting the protein folding, structural adaptations, transportation across the cell membrane, stress tolerance, carotenoids, IAA and mannitol production in PHM11 were studied under 100 and 1500 mM salinity. E. profundum PHM11 showed maximum and minimum growth, biomass and metabolite production at 100 and 1500 mM salinity respectively. Salt-induced fine-tuning of expression profiles of key genes of stress pathways was determined in halotolerant bacterium PHM11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas K Patel
- Laboratory of Genomics, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Ruchi Srivastava
- Laboratory of Genomics, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Anjney Sharma
- Laboratory of Genomics, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Anchal K Srivastava
- Laboratory of Genomics, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Savita Singh
- Laboratory of Genomics, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Alok K Srivastava
- Laboratory of Genomics, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Prem L Kashyap
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Karnal, India
| | - Hillol Chakdar
- Laboratory of Genomics, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - K Pandiyan
- Laboratory of Genomics, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Alok Kalra
- Department of Microbial Technology, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, India
| | - Anil K Saxena
- Laboratory of Genomics, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
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Li L, Tang MC, Tang S, Gao S, Soliman S, Hang L, Xu W, Ye T, Watanabe K, Tang Y. Genome Mining and Assembly-Line Biosynthesis of the UCS1025A Pyrrolizidinone Family of Fungal Alkaloids. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:2067-2071. [PMID: 29373009 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b00056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UCS1025A is a fungal polyketide/alkaloid that displays strong inhibition of telomerase. The structures of UCS1025A and related natural products are featured by a tricyclic furopyrrolizidine connected to a trans-decalin fragment. We mined the genome of a thermophilic fungus and activated the ucs gene cluster to produce UCS1025A at a high titer. Genetic and biochemical analysis revealed a PKS-NRPS assembly line that activates 2S,3S-methylproline derived from l-isoleucine, followed by Knoevenagel condensation to construct the pyrrolizidine moiety. Oxidation of the 3S-methyl group to a carboxylate leads to an oxa-Michael cyclization and furnishes the furopyrrolizidine. Our work reveals a new strategy used by nature to construct heterocyclic alkaloid-like ring systems using assembly line logic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Engineering Research Center of Industrial Microbiology (Ministry of Education) and College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University , Fuzhou 350117, China
| | | | - Shoubin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Tao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, School of Chemical Biology and Biotechnology, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School , Xili, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka , Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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Abstract
Amide rotation of peptidyl-prolyl fragments is an important factor in backbone structure organization of proteins. Computational studies have indicated that this rotation preferentially proceeds through a defined transition-state structure (syn/exo). Here, we complement the computational findings by determining the amide bond rotation barriers for derivatives of the two symmetric proline analogues, meso and racemic pyrrolidine-2,5-dicarboxylic acids. The rotations around these residues represent syn/exo-syn/exo and anti/endo-syn/exo hybrid transition states for the meso and racemic diastereomer, respectively. The rotation barriers are lower for the former rotation by about 9 kJ mol-1 (aqueous medium), suggesting a strong preference for the syn/exo (clockwise) rotation over the anti/endo (anticlockwise) rotation. The results show that both hybrid rotation processes are enthalpically driven but respond differently to solvent polarity changes due to the different transition state dipole-dipole interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Kubyshkin
- Biocatalysis Group, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, Berlin 10623, Germany.
| | - Nediljko Budisa
- Biocatalysis Group, Institute of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, Müller-Breslau-Str. 10, Berlin 10623, Germany.
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Gavya SL, Arora N, Ghosh SS. Retention of functional characteristics of glutathione-S-transferase and lactate dehydrogenase-A in fusion protein. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 48:128-135. [PMID: 29194006 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2017.1405022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A paradigm shift toward fusion proteins to render multiple functionalities and applications on a single platform has been incurred in enzyme based diagnosis. Herein, we report development and systematic characterizations of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and human lactate dehydrogenase A (hLDHA) in a fusion protein (GST-hLDHA) to achieve functional activities of GST and hLDHA simultaneously. The GST-pGEX-4T-2 vector system was used for cloning and purification of hLDHA, utilizing the affinity based interaction between GST and GSH in column chromatography. Bacterially purified protein was subjected to the Western blot analysis and structural analysis by circular dichroism spectroscopy, which revealed intact structural framework of the fusion construct. Kinetic characterization of the fusion GST-hLDHA protein toward GSH and NADH, suggested retention of functional activities of GST and hLDHA in fused protein as indicated by the kinetic parameters km and kcat/km. Further analysis of effect of temperature and pH on GST-hLDHA activity revealed maximum activity around human physiological conditions (37°C and pH 8). Preservation of the structural and functional characteristics of the fusion enzyme paves the way for potential application for the detection of NADH and GSH in conjunction as biomarkers for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lalitha Gavya
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Neha Arora
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
| | - Siddhartha Sankar Ghosh
- a Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India.,b Centre for Nanotechnology , Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati , Guwahati , Assam , India
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Rubio-Casillas A, Fernández-Guasti A. The dose makes the poison: from glutamate-mediated neurogenesis to neuronal atrophy and depression. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:599-622. [PMID: 27096778 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2015-0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental evidence has demonstrated that glutamate is an essential factor for neurogenesis, whereas another line of research postulates that excessive glutamatergic neurotransmission is associated with the pathogenesis of depression. The present review shows that such paradox can be explained within the framework of hormesis, defined as biphasic dose responses. Low glutamate levels activate adaptive stress responses that include proteins that protect neurons against more severe stress. Conversely, abnormally high levels of glutamate, resulting from increased release and/or decreased removal, cause neuronal atrophy and depression. The dysregulation of the glutamatergic transmission in depression could be underlined by several factors including a decreased inhibition (γ-aminobutyric acid or serotonin) or an increased excitation (primarily within the glutamatergic system). Experimental evidence shows that the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors (AMPAR) can exert two opposite effects on neurogenesis and neuron survival depending on the synaptic or extrasynaptic concentration. Chronic stress, which usually underlies experimental and clinical depression, enhances glutamate release. This overactivates NMDA receptors (NMDAR) and consequently impairs AMPAR activity. Various studies show that treatment with antidepressants decreases plasma glutamate levels in depressed individuals and regulates glutamate receptors by reducing NMDAR function by decreasing the expression of its subunits and by potentiating AMPAR-mediated transmission. Additionally, it has been shown that chronic treatment with antidepressants having divergent mechanisms of action (including tricyclics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, and ketamine) markedly reduced depolarization-evoked glutamate release in the hippocampus. These data, taken together, suggest that the glutamatergic system could be a final common pathway for antidepressant treatments.
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Qiu J, Vuist JE, Boom RM, Schutyser MA. Formation and degradation kinetics of organic acids during heating and drying of concentrated tomato juice. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.08.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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50
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Abdul W, Aliyu SR, Lin L, Sekete M, Chen X, Otieno FJ, Yang T, Lin Y, Norvienyeku J, Wang Z. Family-Four Aldehyde Dehydrogenases Play an Indispensable Role in the Pathogenesis of Magnaporthe oryzae. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:980. [PMID: 30135691 PMCID: PMC6092734 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The oxidative degradation of lipids through lipid peroxidation processes results in the generation of free fatty acid radicals. These free radicals including reactive oxygen species (ROS) serve as a substrate for generating reactive aldehydes. The accumulation of free fatty acid radicals, ROS, and reactive aldehydes in cell compartments beyond physiological threshold levels tends to exert a damaging effect on proximal membranes and distal tissues. Living organisms deploy a wide array of efficient enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) for scavenging reactive molecules and intermediates produced from membrane lipid peroxidation events. Although the contributions of SOD, CAT, and POD to the pathogenesis of microbial plant pathogens are well known, the influence of ALDH genes on the morphological and infectious development of plant pathogenic microbes is not well understood. In this study, we deployed RNA interference (RNAi) techniques and successfully silenced two putative family-four aldehyde dehydrogenase genes potassium-activated aldehyde dehydrogenase (MoKDCDH) and delta-1-pyrrorine-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase (MoP5CDH) in the rice blast pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. The results obtained from the phenotypic analysis of individual knock-down strains showed that the RNAi-mediated inactivation of MoKDCDH and MoP5CDH triggered a significant reduction in conidiogenesis and vegetative growth of ΔMokdcdh and ΔMop5cdh strains. We further observed that downregulating the expression of MoKDCDH and MoP5CDH severely compromised the pathogenesis of the rice blast fungus. Also, the disruption of MoKDCDH and MoP5CDH M. oryzae undermined membrane integrity and rendered the mutant strains highly sensitive to membrane stress inducing osmolytes. However, the MoKDCDH and MoP5CDH knock-down strains generated in this study displayed unaltered cell wall integrity and thus suggested that family-four ALDHs play a dispensable role in enforcing cell wall-directed stress tolerance in M. oryzae. From these results, we deduced that family-four ALDHs play a conserved role in fostering membrane integrity in M. oryzae possibly by scavenging reactive aldehydes, fatty acid radicals, and other alcohol derivatives. The observation that downregulating the expression activities of MoKDCDH had a lethal effect on potential mutants further emphasized the need for comprehensive and holistic evaluation of the numerous ALDHs amassed by the rice blast fungus for their possible engagement as suitable targets as antiblast agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Abdul
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian and Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sami R. Aliyu
- Fujian and Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Lili Lin
- Fujian and Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Malota Sekete
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, National University of Lesotho, Lesotho, Southern Africa
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- Fujian and Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Frankline J. Otieno
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Fujian and Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yahong Lin
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Justice Norvienyeku
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian and Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Justice Norvienyeku, Zonghua Wang,
| | - Zonghua Wang
- Fujian University Key Laboratory for Functional Genomics of Plant Fungal Pathogens, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian and Taiwan Joint Center for Ecological Control of Crop Pests, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Institute of Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Justice Norvienyeku, Zonghua Wang,
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