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Jalloh M, Cassell A, Niang L, Rebbeck T. Global viewpoints: updates on prostate cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa. BJU Int 2024; 133:6-13. [PMID: 37702258 DOI: 10.1111/bju.16178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a major health concern in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), with high incidence and mortality rates. However, the widely used prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening is not readily available or affordable in SSA. Alternative screening strategies, such as risk stratification approaches and cost-effective PSA tests, are being explored to target high-risk individuals and improve access to screening. Diagnosis of PCa in SSA is challenging due to the lack of access to diagnostic tools and limited healthcare resources. Clinical evaluation and digital rectal examination are commonly used, but PSA testing, magnetic resonance imaging, and biopsy are often limited. As a result, many men in SSA are diagnosed at advanced stages of the disease. Treatment options for PCa in SSA are often limited by a lack of resources and trained healthcare providers. Surgery, radiation therapy, and androgen-deprivation therapy are available but may be inaccessible to many patients. Cultural beliefs and stigma surrounding PCa further impact treatment decisions. Improved patient and community awareness, electronic medical records, and communication between patients and healthcare professionals can enhance evidence-based decision-making and advocate for policy changes. Understanding the genetic determinants and implementing comprehensive strategies can lead to improved outcomes and better control of PCa in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jalloh
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Hopital General de Grand Yoff, Dakar, Senegal
- Ecole Doctorale ED-2DS, Universite Iba Der Thiam de Thies, Thies, Senegal
| | - Ayun Cassell
- Department of Surgery, Liberia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Monrovia, Liberia
| | - Lamine Niang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Hopital General de Grand Yoff, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Timothy Rebbeck
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, University of Harvard, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Fernandez PW. Prostate Cancer Genomics Research Disparities in Africa: Advancing Knowledge in Resource Constrained Settings. Cancer Control 2022; 29:10732748221095952. [PMID: 35475404 PMCID: PMC9087236 DOI: 10.1177/10732748221095952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer disproportionately affects men of African descent and it is
estimated that Africa will bear the highest disease burden in the next decade.
Underlying genomic factors may contribute to prostate cancer disparities;
however, it is unclear whether Africa has prioritised genomics research toward
addressing these disparities. A Pubmed review was performed of publications
spanning a 15-year period, with specific focus on prostate cancer genomics
research that included samples from Africa and investigators in Africa. Data are
presented on research publications from Africa relative to similar publications
from different geographical regions, and more specifically, the extent of
disparities and the contributions to prostate cancer knowledge as a result of
genomics research that included African samples and African institutions.
Limited publication output may reflect the infrastructure and funding challenges
in Africa. Widespread cooperation should be fostered by sharing capacity and
leveraging existing expertise to address the growing cancer burden facing the
continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro W Fernandez
- Division of Urology, 26697Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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3
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Tamargo-Gómez I, Fernández ÁF, Mariño G. Pathogenic Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms on Autophagy-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218196. [PMID: 33147747 PMCID: PMC7672651 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the study of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) has gained increasing importance in biomedical research, as they can either be at the molecular origin of a determined disorder or directly affect the efficiency of a given treatment. In this regard, sequence variations in genes involved in pro-survival cellular pathways are commonly associated with pathologies, as the alteration of these routes compromises cellular homeostasis. This is the case of autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved pathway that counteracts extracellular and intracellular stressors by mediating the turnover of cytosolic components through lysosomal degradation. Accordingly, autophagy dysregulation has been extensively described in a wide range of human pathologies, including cancer, neurodegeneration, or inflammatory alterations. Thus, it is not surprising that pathogenic gene variants in genes encoding crucial effectors of the autophagosome/lysosome axis are increasingly being identified. In this review, we present a comprehensive list of clinically relevant SNPs in autophagy-related genes, highlighting the scope and relevance of autophagy alterations in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Tamargo-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Álvaro F. Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (Á.F.F.); (G.M.); Tel.: +34-985652416 (G.M.)
| | - Guillermo Mariño
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Universidad de Oviedo, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
- Correspondence: (Á.F.F.); (G.M.); Tel.: +34-985652416 (G.M.)
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4
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Batai K, Hooker S, Kittles RA. Leveraging genetic ancestry to study health disparities. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2020; 175:363-375. [PMID: 32935870 PMCID: PMC8246846 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Research to understand human genomic variation and its implications in health has great potential to contribute in the reduction of health disparities. Biological anthropology can play important roles in genomics and health disparities research using a biocultural approach. This paper argues that racial/ethnic categories should not be used as a surrogate for sociocultural factors or global genomic clusters in biomedical research or clinical settings, because of the high genetic heterogeneity that exists within traditional racial/ethnic groups. Genetic ancestry is used to show variation in ancestral genomic contributions to recently admixed populations in the United States, such as African Americans and Hispanic/Latino Americans. Genetic ancestry estimates are also used to examine the relationship between ancestry‐related biological and sociocultural factors affecting health disparities. To localize areas of genomes that contribute to health disparities, admixture mapping and genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) are often used. Recent GWAS have identified many genetic variants that are highly differentiated among human populations that are associated with disease risk. Some of these are population‐specific variants. Many of these variants may impact disease risk and help explain a portion of the difference in disease burden among racial/ethnic groups. Genetic ancestry is also of particular interest in precision medicine and disparities in drug efficacy and outcomes. By using genetic ancestry, we can learn about potential biological differences that may contribute to the heterogeneity observed across self‐reported racial groups. Special Issue: Race reconciled II: Interpreting and communicating biological variation and race in 2021
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Batai
- Department of Urology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Stanley Hooker
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Rick A Kittles
- Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA
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Tong Y, Tang Y, Li S, Zhao F, Ying J, Qu Y, Niu X, Mu D. Cumulative evidence of relationships between multiple variants in 8q24 region and cancer incidence. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e20716. [PMID: 32590746 PMCID: PMC7328976 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000020716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified multiple independent cancer susceptibility loci at chromosome 8q24. We aimed to evaluate the associations between variants in the 8q24 region and cancer susceptibility. A comprehensive research synopsis and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate associations between 28 variants in 8q24 and risk of 7 cancers using data from 103 eligible articles totaling 146,932 cancer cases and 219,724 controls. Results: 20 variants were significantly associated with risk of prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, thyroid cancer, breast cancer, bladder cancer, stomach cancer, and glioma, including 1 variant associated with prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and thyroid cancer. Cumulative epidemiological evidence of an association was graded as strong for DG8S737 -8 allele, rs10090154, rs7000448 in prostate cancer, rs10808556 in colorectal cancer, rs55705857 in gliomas, rs9642880 in bladder cancer, moderate for rs16901979, rs1447295, rs6983267, rs7017300, rs7837688, rs1016343, rs620861, rs10086908 associated in prostate cancer, rs10505477, rs6983267 in colorectal cancer, rs6983267 in thyroid cancer, rs13281615 in breast cancer, and rs1447295 in stomach cancer, weak for rs6983561, rs13254738, rs7008482, rs4242384 in prostate cancer. Data from ENCODE suggested that these variants with strong evidence and other correlated variants might fall within putative functional regions. Our study provides summary evidence that common variants in the 8q24 are associated with risk of multiple cancers in this large-scale research synopsis and meta-analysis. Further studies are needed to explore the mechanisms underlying variants in the 8q24 involved in various human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tong
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Pediatrics
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
| | - Xiaoyu Niu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education
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6
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Tong Y, Yu T, Li S, Zhao F, Ying J, Qu Y, Mu D. Cumulative Evidence for Relationships Between 8q24 Variants and Prostate Cancer. Front Physiol 2018; 9:915. [PMID: 30061842 PMCID: PMC6055007 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple independent cancer susceptibility loci at chromosome 8q24 have been identified by GWAS (Genome-wide association studies). Forty six articles including 60,293 cases and 62,971 controls were collected to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the associations between 21 variants in 8q24 and prostate cancer risk. Of the 21 variants located in 8q2\5 were significantly associated with the risk of prostate cancer. In particular, both homozygous AA and heterozygous CA genotypes of rs16901979, as well as the AA and CA genotypes of rs1447295, were associated with the risk of prostate cancer. Our study showed that variants in the 8q24 region are associated with prostate cancer risk in this large-scale research synopsis and meta-analysis. Further studies are needed to explore the role of the 8q24 variants involved in the etiology of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tong
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiping Li
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengyan Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junjie Ying
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Qu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhi Mu
- Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Obstetric & Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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7
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Supiot S, Campion L, Pommier P, Dore M, Palpacuer C, Racadot S, Rio E, Milano GA, Mahier-Ait Oukhatar C, Carrie C. Combined abiraterone acetate plus prednisone, salvage prostate bed radiotherapy and LH-RH agonists (CARLHA-GEP12) in biochemically-relapsing prostate cancer patients following prostatectomy: A phase I study of the GETUG/GEP. Oncotarget 2018; 9:22147-22157. [PMID: 29774129 PMCID: PMC5955159 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To establish the maximum tolerated dose of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (AA) combined with salvage radiotherapy (SRT) and goserelin in a phase 1 study in men with rising PSA following radical prostatectomy. Methods AA was given during one month before SRT at 1000 mg PO once daily, then 750 mg (Dose Level 1, DL1) or 1000 mg (DL2) during 5 months combined with 6-months goserelin by injection on the first day of irradiation (scheme NEO) or one month before starting SRT (scheme CONCO). Results In scheme NEO at DL1, 2/9 patients did not achieve castration levels of testosterone. 4/9 patients (44%) presented with grade 3 liver enzyme elevation. In scheme CONCO testosterone dropped to undetectable levels. At DL1, 6 patients were recruited, with no dose limiting toxicities. At DL2, 2/3 patients presented with grade 3 liver enzyme elevation occurring during SRT. Conclusions When AA was administered without goserilin, only 78% achieved castration levels. AA combined with SRT and goserilin did not increase pelvic toxicity, but lead to an unsuspected high frequency of grade 3 liver toxicity. The phase II recommended dose of AA combined to goserelin and SRT is 750 mg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Supiot
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Biostatistics, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Loic Campion
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Biostatistics, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Pascal Pommier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Léon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - Mélanie Dore
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Biostatistics, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Clément Palpacuer
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Biostatistics, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Séverine Racadot
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Léon Berard, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Rio
- Departments of Radiation Oncology and Biostatistics, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Gérard A Milano
- Laboratoire d'Oncopharmacologie, Centre Antoine-Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | | | - Christian Carrie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Léon Berard, Lyon, France
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8
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Bishop KS, Han DY, Karunasinghe N, Goudie M, Masters JG, Ferguson LR. An examination of clinical differences between carriers and non-carriers of chromosome 8q24 risk alleles in a New Zealand Caucasian population with prostate cancer. PeerJ 2016; 4:e1731. [PMID: 26966665 PMCID: PMC4782686 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Prostate cancer makes up approximately 15% of all cancers diagnosed in men in developed nations and approximately 4% of cases in developing nations. Although it is clear that prostate cancer has a genetic component and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can contribute to prostate cancer risk, detecting associations is difficult in multi-factorial diseases, as environmental and lifestyle factors also play a role. In this study, specific clinical characteristics, environmental factors and genetic risk factors were assessed for interaction with prostate cancer. Methods. A total of 489 prostate cancer cases and 427 healthy controls were genotyped for SNPs found on chromosome 8q24 and a genetic risk score was calculated. In addition the SNPs were tested for an association with a number of clinical and environmental factors. Results. Age and tobacco use were positively associated, whilst alcohol consumption was negatively associated with prostate cancer risk. The following SNPs found on chromosome 8q24 were statistically significantly associated with prostate cancer: rs10086908, rs16901979; rs1447295and rs4242382. No association between Gleason score and smoking status, or between Gleason score and genotype were detected. Conclusion. A genetic risk score was calculated based on the 15 SNPs tested and found to be significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. Smoking significantly contributed to the risk of developing prostate cancer, and this risk was further increased by the presence of four SNPs in the 8q24 chromosomal region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Bishop
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Dug Yeo Han
- Nutrigenomics New Zealand, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nishi Karunasinghe
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Megan Goudie
- Urology Department, Auckland District Health Board , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Jonathan G Masters
- Urology Department, Auckland District Health Board , Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Lynnette R Ferguson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Nutrigenomics New Zealand, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Discipline of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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9
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Ao X, Liu Y, Bai XY, Qu X, Xu Z, Hu G, Chen M, Wu H. Association between EHBP1 rs721048(A>G) polymorphism and prostate cancer susceptibility: a meta-analysis of 17 studies involving 150,678 subjects. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1671-80. [PMID: 26185455 PMCID: PMC4500625 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s84034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background EHBP1 rs721048(A) was first identified as a prostate cancer (PCa) risk in Caucasians by genome-wide association study, but subsequent replication studies involving Caucasian and other ethnicities did not produce consistent results. The aim of this study was to obtain a more definite association between rs721048(A) and PCa risk. Methods We comprehensively searched several databases updated to September 2014, including PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Google Scholar. Two authors independently screened and reviewed the eligibility of each study. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. The association of rs721048(A) and PCa risk was assessed by pooling odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 17 studies, including 48,135 cases and 102,543 controls, published between 2008 and 2014 were included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled analysis demonstrated that rs721048(A) was significantly associated with the risk of PCa under the allele model (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.11–1.17, P=0.000). Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity revealed a significant association between rs721048(A) and PCa in Caucasian (OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.11–1.16, P=0.000), African descent (OR=1.11, 95% CI=1.01–1.23, P=0.025), and Asian (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.12–1.64, P=0.002). Conclusion Our results provided strong evidence that rs721048(A) could be a risk factor for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ao
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinjian Qu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaowei Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaolei Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijian Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, People's Republic of China ; Laboratory of Molecular Medicine & Pharmacy, School of Life Science and Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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10
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Dong HV, Lee AH, Nga NH, Quang N, Chuyen VL, Binns CW. Epidemiology and Prevention of Prostate Cancer in Vietnam. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014; 15:9747-51. [DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.22.9747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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11
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Cropp CD, Robbins CM, Sheng X, Hennis AJ, Carpten JD, Waterman L, Worrell R, Schwantes-An TH, Trent JM, Haiman CA, Leske MC, Wu SY, Bailey-Wilson JE, Nemesure B. 8q24 risk alleles and prostate cancer in African-Barbadian men. Prostate 2014; 74:1579-88. [PMID: 25252079 PMCID: PMC4322001 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND African American men (AA) exhibit a disproportionate share of prostate cancer (PRCA) incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Several genetic association studies have implicated select 8q24 loci in PRCA risk in AA. The objective of this investigation is to evaluate the association between previously reported 8q24 risk alleles and PRCA in African-Barbadian (AB) men known to have high rates of PRCA. METHODS Ten previously reported candidate tag SNPs were genotyped and/or imputed in the 8q24 region in 532 AB men with PRCA and 513 AB controls from the Prostate Cancer in a Black Population (PCBP) study. RESULTS Rs2124036 was significant in AB men, (OR = 2.7, 95% CI (1.3-5.3), P = 0.005, Empirical (max (T), corrected for multiple testing) P = 0.03) for the homozygous C/C genotype. Only a single SNP from this region remained statistically significant in our analysis of our AB population. These results may indicate the presence of a founder effect or due to the chosen SNPs not tagging an ancestral haplotype bearing the 8q24 risk allele(s) in this population or could reflect inadequate power to detect an association. We conducted a meta-analysis including our AB population along with two additional African Caribbean populations from Tobago and Jamaica for SNPs rs16901979 and rs1447295. Meta-analysis results were most significant for rs16901979 A allele (Z score 2.73; P = 0.006) with a summary OR = 1.31 (95% CI: 1.09-1.58). CONCLUSIONS Additional studies are needed to provide deeper genotype coverage to further interrogate the 8q24 region to understand its contribution to PRCA in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl D. Cropp
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christiane M. Robbins
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Xin Sheng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anselm J.M. Hennis
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - John D. Carpten
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Lyndon Waterman
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Ronald Worrell
- Chronic Disease Research Centre and Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jeffrey M. Trent
- Integrated Cancer Genomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), 445 N. Fifth Street, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - M. Cristina Leske
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Suh-Yuh Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Joan E. Bailey-Wilson
- Computational and Statistical Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Nemesure
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York
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12
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Hazelett DJ, Rhie SK, Gaddis M, Yan C, Lakeland DL, Coetzee SG, Henderson BE, Noushmehr H, Cozen W, Kote-Jarai Z, Eeles RA, Easton DF, Haiman CA, Lu W, Farnham PJ, Coetzee GA. Comprehensive functional annotation of 77 prostate cancer risk loci. PLoS Genet 2014; 10:e1004102. [PMID: 24497837 PMCID: PMC3907334 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1004102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revolutionized the field of cancer genetics, but the causal links between increased genetic risk and onset/progression of disease processes remain to be identified. Here we report the first step in such an endeavor for prostate cancer. We provide a comprehensive annotation of the 77 known risk loci, based upon highly correlated variants in biologically relevant chromatin annotations--we identified 727 such potentially functional SNPs. We also provide a detailed account of possible protein disruption, microRNA target sequence disruption and regulatory response element disruption of all correlated SNPs at r(2) ≥ 0.88%. 88% of the 727 SNPs fall within putative enhancers, and many alter critical residues in the response elements of transcription factors known to be involved in prostate biology. We define as risk enhancers those regions with enhancer chromatin biofeatures in prostate-derived cell lines with prostate-cancer correlated SNPs. To aid the identification of these enhancers, we performed genomewide ChIP-seq for H3K27-acetylation, a mark of actively engaged enhancers, as well as the transcription factor TCF7L2. We analyzed in depth three variants in risk enhancers, two of which show significantly altered androgen sensitivity in LNCaP cells. This includes rs4907792, that is in linkage disequilibrium (r(2) = 0.91) with an eQTL for NUDT11 (on the X chromosome) in prostate tissue, and rs10486567, the index SNP in intron 3 of the JAZF1 gene on chromosome 7. Rs4907792 is within a critical residue of a strong consensus androgen response element that is interrupted in the protective allele, resulting in a 56% decrease in its androgen sensitivity, whereas rs10486567 affects both NKX3-1 and FOXA-AR motifs where the risk allele results in a 39% increase in basal activity and a 28% fold-increase in androgen stimulated enhancer activity. Identification of such enhancer variants and their potential target genes represents a preliminary step in connecting risk to disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J. Hazelett
- Departments of Urology and Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Suhn Kyong Rhie
- Departments of Urology and Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Malaina Gaddis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Chunli Yan
- Departments of Urology and Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Lakeland
- Sonny Astani Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Simon G. Coetzee
- Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Ellipse/GAME-ON consortium
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Brian E. Henderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Houtan Noushmehr
- Department of Genetics, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Wendy Cozen
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | | | - Rosalind A. Eeles
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom
- Royal Marsden National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London and Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Wange Lu
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Peggy J. Farnham
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Gerhard A. Coetzee
- Departments of Urology and Preventive Medicine, Norris Cancer Center, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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The Role of Cholesterol in Prostate Cancer. Prostate Cancer 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4614-6828-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Murphy AB, Ukoli F, Freeman V, Bennett F, Aiken W, Tullock T, Coard K, Angwafo F, Kittles RA. 8q24 risk alleles in West African and Caribbean men. Prostate 2012; 72:1366-73. [PMID: 22234922 PMCID: PMC3346887 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple genetic studies have confirmed associations of 8q24 variants with susceptibility to prostate cancer (CaP). However, the magnitude of risk conferred in men living in West Africa is unknown. METHODS Here we determine the prevalence of 8q24 risk alleles and test for association with CaP risk alleles in West African (WA) descent populations from rural Nigeria, Cameroon, and the Caribbean island of Jamaica. Ten 8q24 SNPs were genotyped in histologically confirmed CaP cases (n = 308) and clinically evaluated controls (n = 469). In addition, unrelated individuals from Sierra Leone (n = 380) were genotyped for comparison of allele frequency comparisons. RESULTS SNPs rs6983561, rs7008482, and rs16901979 were significantly associated with CaP risk in WAs (P < 0.03). No associations with CaP were observed in our Caribbean samples. Risk alleles for rs6983267, rs7008482, and rs7000448 were highly prevalent (>84%) in West Africa. We also reveal that the A-risk allele for the 'African-specific' SNP bd11934905 was not observed in 1,886 chromosomes from three WA ethnic groups suggesting that this allele may not be common across West Africa, but is geographically restricted to specific ethnic group(s). CONCLUSIONS We provide evidence of association of 8q24 SNPs with prostate cancer risk in men from Nigeria and Cameroon. Our study is the first to reveal genetic risk due to 8q24 variants (in particular, region 2) with CaP within two WA countries. Most importantly, in light of the disparate burden of CaP in African-Americans, our findings support the need for larger genetic studies in WA descent populations to validate and discern function of susceptibility loci in the 8q24 region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B. Murphy
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine 251 E. Huron Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611
| | - Flora Ukoli
- Department of Surgery, Meharry Medical College, 1005 Dr. D.B.Todd Jr. Blvd., Nashville, TN 37208
| | - Vincent Freeman
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Frankly Bennett
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston
| | - William Aiken
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston
| | - Trevor Tullock
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston
| | - Kathleen Coard
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston
| | - Fru Angwafo
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Rick A. Kittles
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607
- Address for correspondence: Rick Kittles, Ph.D., Department of Medicine (M/C 767), University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S Ashland Ave. Suite 3302, Chicago, IL 60607-4067, Office: 312-355-5956, Fax: 312-413-1975,
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Batai K, Shah E, Murphy AB, Newsome J, Ruden M, Ahaghotu C, Kittles RA. Fine-mapping of IL16 gene and prostate cancer risk in African Americans. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:2059-68. [PMID: 22923025 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men in the United States, and its incidence and mortality rates are disproportionate among ethnic groups. Although genome-wide association studies of European descents have identified candidate loci associated with prostate cancer risk, including a variant in IL16, replication studies in African Americans (AA) have been inconsistent. Here we explore single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) variation in IL16 in AAs and test for association with prostate cancer. METHODS Association tests were conducted for 2,257 genotyped and imputed SNPs spanning IL16 in 605 AA prostate cancer cases and controls from Washington, D.C. Eleven of them were also genotyped in a replication population of 1,093 AAs from Chicago. We tested for allelic association adjusting for age, global and local West African ancestry. RESULTS Analyses of genotyped and imputed SNPs revealed that a cluster of IL16 SNPs were significantly associated with prostate cancer risk. The strongest association was found at rs7175701 (P = 9.8 × 10(-8)). In the Chicago population, another SNP (rs11556218) was associated with prostate cancer risk (P = 0.01). In the pooled analysis, we identified three independent loci within IL16 that were associated with prostate cancer risk. SNP expression quantitative trait loci analyses revealed that rs7175701 is predicted to influence the expression of IL16 and other cancer-related genes. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that IL16 polymorphisms play a role in prostate cancer susceptibility among AAs. IMPACT Our findings are significant given that there has been limited focus on the role of IL16 genetic polymorphisms on prostate cancer risk in AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Batai
- Institute of Human Genetics, College of Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607-4067, USA
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Kwon EM, Holt SK, Fu R, Kolb S, Williams G, Stanford JL, Ostrander EA. Androgen metabolism and JAK/STAT pathway genes and prostate cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol 2012; 36:347-53. [PMID: 22542949 PMCID: PMC3392409 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2011] [Revised: 04/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer (PC) is the most frequently diagnosed solid tumor in U.S. men. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified over 40 risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including variants in androgen pathway genes (e.g., KLK3 and AR). Androgens are important in PC and genes involved in this pathway are therefore candidates for conferring susceptibility to PC. METHODS In this hypothesis-testing study, we evaluated PC risk in association with SNPs in 22 candidate genes involved in androgen metabolism or interactions with the androgen receptor (AR). A total of 187 SNPs were genotyped in 1458 cases and 1351 age-matched controls from a population-based study. PC risk was estimated using adjusted unconditional logistic regression and multinomial regression models. RESULTS Single SNP analyses showed evidence (p < 0.05) for associations with 14 SNPs in 9 genes: NKX3.1, HSD17B3, AKR1C3, SULT2A1, CYP17A1, KLK3, JAK2, NCOA4 and STAT3. The most significant result was observed for rs2253502 in HSD17B3 (odds ratio, OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39-0.84). In addition, five SNPs in four genes (CYP17A1, HSD17B4, NCOA4, and SULT2A1) were associated with more aggressive disease (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our results replicate previously reported associations for SNPs in CYP17A1, HSD17B3, ARK1C3, NKX3.1, NCOA4 and KLK3. In addition, novel associations were observed for SNPs in JAK2, HSD17B4, and SULT2A1. These results will require replication in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M. Kwon
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Cancer Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Program in Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Sarah K. Holt
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1124 Fairview Ave N., Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Rong Fu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1124 Fairview Ave N., Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1124 Fairview Ave N., Seattle, WA 98103, USA
| | - Gabrielle Williams
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Cancer Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1124 Fairview Ave N., Seattle, WA 98103, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, Cancer Genetics Branch, National Institutes of Health, Building 50, 50 South Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Kollara A, Brown TJ. Expression and function of nuclear receptor co-activator 4: evidence of a potential role independent of co-activator activity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2012; 69:3895-909. [PMID: 22562579 PMCID: PMC3492700 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-012-1000-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 04/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NcoA4), also known as androgen receptor-associated protein 70 (ARA70), was initially discovered as a component of Ret-Fused Gene expressed in a subset of papillary thyroid carcinomas. Subsequent studies have established NcoA4 as a coactivator for a variety of nuclear receptors, including peroxisome proliferator activated receptors α and γ, and receptors for steroid hormones, vitamins D and A, thyroid hormone, and aryl hydrocarbons. While human NcoA4 has both LXXLL and FXXLF motifs that mediate p160 coactivator nuclear receptor interactions, this ubiquitously expressed protein lacks clearly defined functional domains. Several studies indicate that NcoA4 localizes predominantly to the cytoplasm and affects ligand-binding specificity of the androgen receptor, which has important implications for androgen-independent prostate cancer. Two NcoA4 variants, which may exert differential activities, have been identified in humans. Recent studies suggest that NcoA4 may play a role in development, carcinogenesis, inflammation, erythrogenesis, and cell cycle progression that may be independent of its role as a receptor coactivator. This review summarizes what is currently known of the structure, expression, regulation, and potential functions of this unique protein in cancerous and non-cancerous pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kollara
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, 25 Orde Street, 6-1001TB, Toronto, ON, M5T 3H7, Canada
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Ishak MB, Giri VN. A systematic review of replication studies of prostate cancer susceptibility genetic variants in high-risk men originally identified from genome-wide association studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2011; 20:1599-610. [PMID: 21715604 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-11-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified risk-associated genetic variants primarily in populations of European descent. Less is known about the association of these variants in high-risk populations, including men of African descent and men with a family history of prostate cancer. This article provides a detailed review of published studies of prostate cancer-associated genetic variants originally identified in GWAS and replicated in high-risk populations. METHODS Articles replicating GWAS findings (National Human Genome Research Institute GWAS database) were identified by searching PubMed and relevant data were extracted. RESULTS Eleven replication studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Of more than 30 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) identified in prostate cancer GWAS, 19 SNPs (63%) were replicated in men of African descent and 10 SNPs (33%) were replicated in men with familial and/or hereditary prostate cancer (FPC/HPC). The majority of SNPs were located at the 8q24 region with modest effect sizes (OR 1.11-2.63 in African American men and OR 1.3-2.51 in men with FPC). All replicated SNPs at 8q24 among men of African descent were within or near regions 2 and 3. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review revealed several GWAS markers with replicated associations with prostate cancer in men of African descent and men with FPC/HPC. The 8q24 region continues to be the most implicated in prostate cancer risk. These replication data support ongoing study of clinical utility and potential function of these prostate cancer-associated variants in high-risk men. IMPACT The replicated SNPs presented in this review hold promise for personalizing risk assessment for prostate cancer for high-risk men upon further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam B Ishak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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