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Matos MC, Silva FWB, Filgueiras RMC, Lima DB, Melo JWS. Compatibility of pesticides with the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2024; 92:27-39. [PMID: 37985607 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00865-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiple arthropod pests can affect the same crop in agricultural systems, requiring the integration of control methods. In the present study, the effects of residual exposure to four broad-spectrum insecticides/acaricides (azadiractin, abamectin, chlorfenapyr, and fenpyroximate) on immature (development and survival time) and adult females (longevity, fecundity, and fertility life table parameters) of the predatory mite Neoseiulus barkeri were evaluated. Additionally, the insecticides/acaricides were categorized according to their selectivity based on the classification proposed by the International Organization for Biological Control (IOBC) for assessing the susceptibility of arthropods in laboratory experiments. Method 004, proposed by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC), was adopted for the bioassays with predators exposed to insecticide-acaricide residues. Among the insecticides/acaricides studied, azadirachtin had minimal effects on immature and adult N. barkeri (all non-significant) and was considered harmless based on the classification of toxicity according to the standards/categories proposed by the IOBC. All other insecticides/acaricides affected immature and adult N. barkeri and were considered slightly harmful in terms of toxicity, according to the IOBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateus C Matos
- Departamento de Fitotecnia - Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-001, Brazil
| | - Francisco W B Silva
- Departamento de Fitotecnia - Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-001, Brazil
| | - Rosenya M C Filgueiras
- Departamento de Fitotecnia - Agronomia, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Mister Hull, Fortaleza, CE, 60356-001, Brazil
| | - Debora B Lima
- Departamento de Zoologia - Centro de Biociência, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Jose W S Melo
- Departamento de Zoologia - Centro de Biociência, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Avenida Professor Moraes Rego, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.
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Malagnini V, Pozzebon A, Facchin P, Paganelli A, Duso C. Airborne pollen can affect the abundance of predatory mites in vineyards: implications for conservation biological control strategies. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1963-1975. [PMID: 35088932 PMCID: PMC9305490 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of pollen as alternative food for generalist phytoseiid mites occurring in vineyards has been investigated in northeastern Italy. We compared pollen and phytoseiid abundance in four vineyards and in plots located at different distance from flowering hop plants. Pollen (Carpinus betulus and Typha spp.) was sprayed onto the foliage to evaluate the potential impact of this food source on predatory mite abundance. Finally, grass management was investigated to analyze the effect of a reduced mowing frequency on predatory mite population densities. RESULTS Arboreal pollen was found mostly during the spring and the grapevine blossoming period. Nonarboreal pollen dominated throughout the growing seasons. In vineyards, the abundance of Amblyseius andersoni, Kampimodromus aberrans, Phytoseius finitimus, Typhlodromus pyri eggs and motile forms increased after a phase of large pollen availability. Hop pollen promoted K. aberrans population increases in vineyards. Pollen applications increased predatory mite egg and motile form densities and similar effects were obtained by reducing mowing frequency in vineyards. CONCLUSION Pollen availability positively affects the biology of four phytoseiid species, promoting stable predatory mite populations in vineyards. However, natural pollen availability and predatory mite abundance often decrease in summer, and pollen supply can mitigate this trend. A higher pollen availability could be guaranteed by inserting hedges comprising species having scalar bloom, reducing mowing of inter-row groundcover and spraying pollen. The presence of flowering plants surrounding vineyards and in their inter-rows should be considered as a relevant factor to enhance the success of biocontrol tactics against phytophagous mites in viticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Malagnini
- Center for Technology TransferEdmund Mach FoundationSan Michele all’ Adige (Trento)Italy
| | - Alberto Pozzebon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and EnvironmentUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | - Paolo Facchin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and EnvironmentUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | | | - Carlo Duso
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and EnvironmentUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
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Pijnakker J, Vangansbeke D, Duarte M, Moerkens R, Wäckers FL. Predators and Parasitoids-in-First: From Inundative Releases to Preventative Biological Control in Greenhouse Crops. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2020.595630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated mass introductions of natural enemies have been widely used as a biological control strategy in greenhouse systems when the resident population of natural enemies is insufficient to suppress the pests. As an alternative strategy, supporting the establishment and population development of beneficials can be more effective and economical. The preventative establishment of predators and parasitoids, before the arrival of pests, has become a key element to the success of biological control programs. This “Predators and parasitoids-in-first” strategy is used both in Inoculative Biological Control (IBC), and in Conservation Biological Control (CBC). Here, we provide an overview of tools used to boost resident populations of biocontrol agents.
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Döker İ, Kazak C. Toxicity and risk assessment of acaricides on the predatory mite, Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under laboratory conditions. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 261:127760. [PMID: 32731029 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Predatory mites belonging to family Phytoseiidae (Acari: Mesostigmata) have long been considered as the most promising candidates for biological control of some economically important plant feeding mites and insects. Among them, Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) is one of the most abundant predators and can be considered as an important component for integrated pest management (IPM) programs in Mediterranean citrus orchards. Evaluation of non-target and toxic effects of pesticides is crucial to measure their threats to E. scutalis. In this study, the effects of some selected acaricides (abamectin, etoxazole, spirodiclofen, spirotetramat and pyridaben), that were widely used in citrus orchards, on eggs, larvae, and adult females of E. scutalis were determined under laboratory conditions. In order to observe some possible results at "worst-case scenario", the test units were sprayed at maximum recommended doses. According to the results, abamectin and pyridaben respectively caused 18.00% and 33.50% mortality on eggs, 57.33% and 65.33% on larvae, 23.33% and 44.00% on adult females. While etoxazole was only toxic to the larvae with mortality rates reaching 55.33%, spirodiclofen and spirotetramat were harmless to all developmental stages of the predatory mite. In addition, abamectin, etoxazole and pyridaben caused a significant reduction in the egg production of E. scutalis when compared to the control. Accordingly, spirodiclofen and spirotetramat may be compatible with E. scutalis in IPM programs where it is implemented as a predator. However, further semi-field and/or field experiments are essential in order to draw a final conclusion on compatibility of the other three acaricides.
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Affiliation(s)
- İsmail Döker
- Cukurova University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Plant Protection, Acarology Laboratory, 01330, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Cengiz Kazak
- Cukurova University, Agricultural Faculty, Department of Plant Protection, Acarology Laboratory, 01330, Adana, Turkey.
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Dáder B, Colomer I, Adán Á, Medina P, Viñuela E. Compatibility of early natural enemy introductions in commercial pepper and tomato greenhouses with repeated pesticide applications. INSECT SCIENCE 2020; 27:1111-1124. [PMID: 31475776 PMCID: PMC7496849 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Successful integrated pest management in protected crops implies an evaluation of the compatibility of pesticides and natural enemies (NE), as control strategies that only rely on one tactic can fail when pest populations exceed NE activity or pests become resistant to pesticides. Nowadays in Almería (Spain), growers release NE prior to transplanting or early in the crop cycle to favor their settlement before pest arrival because this improves biocontrol efficacy, although it extends pesticide exposure periods. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the compatibility of two applications of pesticides with key NE in 2-year trials inside tomato and sweet pepper commercial greenhouses: Nesidiocoris tenuis (Reuter) (Hemiptera: Miridae), Orius laevigatus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). In tomato, flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole (IOBC category 1) were compatible with N. tenuis, but chlorpyrifos-methyl and spinosad (IOBC categories 2-3), which effectively reduced Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) density, compromised its predatory activity. In sweet pepper, chlorantraniliprole (IOBC category 1) was the only pesticide compatible with O. laevigatus while chlorantraniliprole, emamectin benzoate, spirotetramat and pymetrozine were harmless (IOBC category 1) to Amblyseius swirskii, and sulfoxaflor slightly harmful (IOBC category 2) to this phytoseiid predator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Dáder
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Ignacio Colomer
- Departamento de Ingeniería Rural, Escuela Superior de IngenieríaUniversidad de AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain
| | - Ángeles Adán
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Pilar Medina
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
| | - Elisa Viñuela
- Unidad de Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas (ETSIAAB)Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)MadridSpain
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Choudhury RA, Sutherland AM, Hengel MJ, Parrella MP, Gubler WD. Imidacloprid Movement into Fungal Conidia Is Lethal to Mycophagous Beetles. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11080496. [PMID: 32756374 PMCID: PMC7469163 DOI: 10.3390/insects11080496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Some insects are beneficial to plants because they eat pest insects and disease-causing fungi; integrating the use of these insects into pest management can help to reduce the need for costly pesticide applications. Twenty-spotted ladybeetles eat plant pathogenic fungi, which helps to reduce disease severity for many economically important crops. In this study, we applied a systemic insecticide to the roots of pumpkin plants and monitored to see if it would be detectable in the spores of a plant pathogenic fungus and whether the insecticide-tainted fungal spores would hurt the ladybeetle larvae. We were able to chemically detect the systemic insecticide in the fungal spores up to 21 days after the plants had been treated with the fungus. We found that the ladybeetles raised on infected plants that had been treated with the systemic insecticide died more rapidly that ladybeetles that had been raised on uninfected or untreated plants. This study is the first to show that systemic insecticides can move from the roots of a plant, into a plant pathogenic fungus, and then have negative effects on a fungus-eating insect. It suggests that growers and land managers need to carefully consider the unintended consequences of insecticide applications. Abstract Applications of systemic pesticides can have unexpected direct and indirect effects on nontarget organisms, producing ecosystem-level impacts. We investigated whether a systemic insecticide (imidacloprid) could be absorbed by a plant pathogenic fungus infecting treated plants and whether the absorbed levels were high enough to have detrimental effects on the survival of a mycophagous beetle. Beetle larvae fed on these fungi were used to assess the survival effects of powdery mildew and imidacloprid in a factorial design. Fungal conidia were collected from treated and untreated plants and were tested for the presence and concentration of imidacloprid. The survival of beetles fed powdery mildew from imidacloprid-treated leaves was significantly lower than that of the beetles from all other treatments. Imidacloprid accumulated in fungal conidia and hyphae was detected at levels considered lethal to other insects, including coccinellid beetles. Water-soluble systemic insecticides may disrupt mycophagous insects as well as other nontarget organisms, with significant implications for biodiversity and ecosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Choudhury
- School of Earth, Environmental, and Marine Sciences, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Andrew M. Sutherland
- University of California Cooperative Extension, Alameda County, Hayward, CA 94544, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Matt J. Hengel
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Michael P. Parrella
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
| | - W. Douglas Gubler
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
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Cheng S, Lin R, Lin T, You Y, Zeng Z, Zhou X, Zhou Y, Jiang H, Wei H, Fu J, Yu C. Effects of acetamiprid on life cycle development of predatory mite Amblyseius cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) after contact exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 210:889-895. [PMID: 30208548 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Amblyseius cucumeris (Oudemans) is a beneficial non-target arthropod (NTA) and a key predator of pest mites in integrated pest management (IPM) programs across china. The toxic effects of insecticides have been extensively reported on predatory mites, but few studies devoted to the toxicity of compounds to A. cucumeris. In this study, the effects of a single application of acetamiprid against the A. cucumeris were investigated in a 48-h acute and a 30-d chronic test. In both tests the insecticide acetamiprid was applied once. In the acute test, the "open glass plate method" was used, with a 48-h LC50 value of 223.6 (149.8-336.9) mg a. i. L-1 for adult female. The LC50 was 1.49-fold the Maximum field recommended concentration. In the chronic test, exposure concentrations (1.12, 2.24, 4.47, 8.94, and 22.4 mg a. i. L-1) were designed based on a preliminary 48-h LC50 value for adult female. Above treatment levels of 2.24-4.47 mg a. i. L-1 reduce the total development time, survival rates and food consumption of A. cucumeris in different development stages. In addition, at acetamiprid concentrations higher than 2.24 mg a. i. L-1 serious effect on the capacity of oviposition of female adults were observed. However, even the highest treatment level of 22.4 mg a. i. L-1 did not affect egg hatching rates of exposed eggs. Acetamiprid had significant adverse effects on different development life stages of A. cucumeris. The results provide informative data for implementing biological and chemical control strategies in integrated pest management of spider mites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenhang Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083 Beijing, China
| | - Ronghua Lin
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yong You
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhaohua Zeng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Zhou
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianwei Fu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caihong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083 Beijing, China.
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Calabuig A, Pekas A, Wäckers FL. The Quality of Nonprey Food Affects Cannibalism, Intraguild Predation, and Hyperpredation in Two Species of Phytoseiid Mites. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 111:72-77. [PMID: 29182769 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Generalist arthropod predators not only prey on herbivores but also may engage in competitive interactions by attacking and consuming conspecifics (cannibalism) or other predators (intraguild predation [IGP] and hyperpredation). These types of interactions are quite common among predators used in biological control. Although there is evidence that nonprey food relaxes cannibalism and IGP, there is little information regarding the impact of the quality of the nonprey food. Herein, we examined how pollen of different nutritional quality (pine, narrow-leaf cattail, or apple) impacted 1) the cannibalism by females of Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on conspecific larvae, 2) the reciprocal predation between gravid females of E. stipulatus or Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and heterospecific larvae, and 3) the predation of E. stipulatus on the eggs of the aphid predator Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). E. stipulatus cannibalism was significantly reduced in the cattail pollen treatment, whereas in the pine pollen it did not significantly differ from control (no food). Predation between I. degenerans and E. stipulatus was significantly reduced in the cattail pollen treatment as compared to the control treatment. Finally, predation of E. stipulatus on A. aphidimyza eggs was significantly reduced when cattail or apple pollen was provided compared to the pine pollen or control treatments. These results suggest that cattail or apple pollen is suitable for mitigating negative interactions among generalist predatory mites used in biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altea Calabuig
- Institut Agroforestal Mediterrani, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
- Biobest Belgium N.V, Research & Development Department, Westerlo, Belgium
| | - Apostolos Pekas
- Institut Agroforestal Mediterrani, Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain
- Biobest Belgium N.V, Research & Development Department, Westerlo, Belgium
| | - Felix L Wäckers
- Biobest Belgium N.V, Research & Development Department, Westerlo, Belgium
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de Figueiredo ES, Massaro M, do Carmo S, de Moraes GJ. Rearing system for the predatory phytoseiid Euseius concordis (Acari: Phytoseiidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2018; 74:13-23. [PMID: 29374843 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-018-0212-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several species of predatory mites, especially those of the family Phytoseiidae, are potentially useful for the control of pest mites and insects. Among the phytoseiids, Euseius concordis (Chant), a species commonly found in South America, has been studied for possible use as biological control agent of pest mites. Given that Euseius species are known to feed on plant leaves and on pollen, the objective of this study was to determine plant species and pollen sources suitable to establish a pilot method of production of that species, based on a set of comparisons in the laboratory. Out of four plant species evaluated in the study, higher survivorship of E. concordis females in the absence of supplementary food was observed on leaflets of Canavalia ensiformis L. Out of two pollen types, higher survivorship was obtained on pollen of Typha domingensis L. In a subsequent step, the population of E. concordis increased 19.3× within 21 days when that pollen of T. domingensis was offered to the predator on plantlets of C. ensiformis, at 25.0 ± 1 °C, 70.0 ± 10% RH and 12 h photophase. Future studies may confirm the economic viability of this setup for the mass production of E. concordis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Soares de Figueiredo
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, cx. Postal 9, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-900, Brazil.
| | - Marcela Massaro
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, cx. Postal 9, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Stephanie do Carmo
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, cx. Postal 9, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Gilberto José de Moraes
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (ESALQ/USP), Av. Pádua Dias, 11, cx. Postal 9, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13418-900, Brazil
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Ghasemzadeh S, Leman A, Messelink GJ. Biological control of Echinothrips americanus by phytoseiid predatory mites and the effect of pollen as supplemental food. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 73:209-221. [PMID: 29128983 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The poinsettia thrips, Echinothrips americanus Morgan, is an upcoming pest in greenhouse crops, causing serious damage in various vegetable and ornamental crops through extensive foliage feeding. We assessed which stages of E. americanus are attacked and killed by the phytoseiid predatory mites Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot), Amblydromalus limonicus (Garman and McGregor), Euseius gallicus Kreiter and Tixier and Euseius ovalis (Evans). Both the predation and oviposition rates were assessed in the laboratory to evaluate which mite species is potentially the most effective predator of E. americanus. In two greenhouse trials with non-flowering sweet pepper plants, we compared the efficacy of the predators E. gallicus and E. ovalis with A. swirskii and we assessed how this was affected by the application of cattail pollen. All stages of E. americanus, except adults, were consumed by all species of predatory mites. The highest predation and oviposition rates were recorded for A. limonicus followed by A. swirskii and E. ovalis when first and second larval stages were provided as prey, but E. ovalis appeared to be the best predator of thrips pupae. Euseius gallicus displayed very low predation and oviposition rates compared to the other species of predatory mites. Cattail pollen did not support the population growth of poinsettia thrips, but it strongly increased the predatory mite population densities, particularly those of E. ovalis. Both A. swirskii and E. ovalis significantly reduced thrips densities on plants. The application of pollen significantly enhanced the control of E. americanus by A. swirskii; this was not the case for E. ovalis. Euseius gallicus did not reduce densities of E. americanus on sweet pepper plants, not even at high densities in the presence of pollen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Ghasemzadeh
- Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, PO Box 20, 2265 ZG, Bleiswijk, The Netherlands
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Urmia, Pardas-e Nazlou, 11th km of Serow Road, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ada Leman
- Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, PO Box 20, 2265 ZG, Bleiswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben J Messelink
- Wageningen UR Greenhouse Horticulture, PO Box 20, 2265 ZG, Bleiswijk, The Netherlands.
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Pekas A, Palevsky E, Sumner JC, Perotti MA, Nesvorna M, Hubert J. Comparison of bacterial microbiota of the predatory mite Neoseiulus cucumeris (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and its factitious prey Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari: Acaridae). Sci Rep 2017; 7:2. [PMID: 28127053 PMCID: PMC5428342 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00046-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoseiulus cucumeris is a predatory mite used for biological control of arthropod pests. Mass-reared predators are fed with factitious prey mites such as Tyrophagus putrescentiae. Although some information on certain endosymbionts of N. cucumeris and T. putrescentiae exists, it is unclear whether both species share bacterial communities. The bacterial communities in populations of predator and prey mites, as well as the occurence of potential acaropathogenic bacteria were analyzed. The comparisons were based on the following groups: (i) N. cucumeris mass-production; (ii) N. cucumeris laboratory population with disease symptoms; (iii) T. putrescentiae pure populations and; (iv) T. putrescentiae from rearing units of N. cucumeris. Only 15% of OTUs were present in all samples from predatory and prey mite populations (core OTUs): the intracellular symbionts Wolbachia, Cardinium, plus other Blattabacterium-like, Solitalea-like, and Bartonella-like symbionts. Environmental bacteria were more abundant in predatory mites, while symbiotic bacteria prevailed in prey mites. Relative numbers of certain bacterial taxa were significantly different between the microbiota of prey mites reared with and without N. cucumeris. No significant differences were found in the bacterial communities of healthy N. cucumeris compared to N. cucumeris showing disease symptoms. We did not identify any confirmed acaropathogenic bacteria among microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos Pekas
- Research & Development Department, Biobest Belgium N. V., Ilse Velden 18, Westerlo, B-2260, Belgium
| | - Eric Palevsky
- Department of Entomology, Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ministry of Agriculture, P.O. Box 1021, Ramat Yishay, IL-30095, Israel
| | - Jason C Sumner
- SASA (Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture), 1 Roddinglaw Road, Edinburgh, EH12 9FJ, UK
| | - M Alejandra Perotti
- Evolutionary Biology Section, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AS, UK
| | - Marta Nesvorna
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne, CZ-161 06, Czechia, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hubert
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507/73, Prague 6-Ruzyne, CZ-161 06, Czechia, Czech Republic.
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Nicolopoulou-Stamati P, Maipas S, Kotampasi C, Stamatis P, Hens L. Chemical Pesticides and Human Health: The Urgent Need for a New Concept in Agriculture. Front Public Health 2016; 4:148. [PMID: 27486573 PMCID: PMC4947579 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 499] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The industrialization of the agricultural sector has increased the chemical burden on natural ecosystems. Pesticides are agrochemicals used in agricultural lands, public health programs, and urban green areas in order to protect plants and humans from various diseases. However, due to their known ability to cause a large number of negative health and environmental effects, their side effects can be an important environmental health risk factor. The urgent need for a more sustainable and ecological approach has produced many innovative ideas, among them agriculture reforms and food production implementing sustainable practice evolving to food sovereignty. It is more obvious than ever that the society needs the implementation of a new agricultural concept regarding food production, which is safer for man and the environment, and to this end, steps such as the declaration of Nyéléni have been taken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sotirios Maipas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Kotampasi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Panagiotis Stamatis
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Luc Hens
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO) , Mol , Belgium
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13
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Nicolopoulou-Stamati P, Maipas S, Kotampasi C, Stamatis P, Hens L. Chemical Pesticides and Human Health: The Urgent Need for a New Concept in Agriculture. Front Public Health 2016. [PMID: 27486573 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2016.00148/bibtex] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The industrialization of the agricultural sector has increased the chemical burden on natural ecosystems. Pesticides are agrochemicals used in agricultural lands, public health programs, and urban green areas in order to protect plants and humans from various diseases. However, due to their known ability to cause a large number of negative health and environmental effects, their side effects can be an important environmental health risk factor. The urgent need for a more sustainable and ecological approach has produced many innovative ideas, among them agriculture reforms and food production implementing sustainable practice evolving to food sovereignty. It is more obvious than ever that the society needs the implementation of a new agricultural concept regarding food production, which is safer for man and the environment, and to this end, steps such as the declaration of Nyéléni have been taken.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sotirios Maipas
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Chrysanthi Kotampasi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Panagiotis Stamatis
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens , Athens , Greece
| | - Luc Hens
- Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO) , Mol , Belgium
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