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He Y, Tian R, Gao C, Ji L, Liu X, Feng H, Huang L. Biocontrol activity of an endophytic Alternaria alternata Aa-Lcht against apple Valsa canker. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 200:105813. [PMID: 38582585 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Apple Valsa canker (AVC), caused by Valsa mali, is the most serious branch disease for apples in East Asia. Biocontrol constitutes a desirable alternative strategy to alleviate the problems of orchard environment pollution and pathogen resistance risk. It is particularly important to explore efficient biocontrol microorganism resources to develop new biocontrol technologies and products. In this study, an endophytic fungus, which results in the specific inhibition of the growth of V. mali, was isolated from the twig tissue of Malus micromalus with a good tolerance to AVC. The fungus was identified as Alternaria alternata, based on morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis, and was named Aa-Lcht. Aa-Lcht showed a strong preventive effect against AVC, as determined with an in vitro twig evaluation method. When V. mali was inhibited by Aa-Lcht, according to morphological and cytological observations, the hyphae was deformed and it had more branches, a degradation in protoplasm, breakages in cell walls, and then finally died completely due to mycelium cells. Transcriptome analysis indicated that Aa-Lcht could suppress the growth of V. mali by inhibiting the activity of various hydrolases, destroying carbohydrate metabolic processes, and damaging the pathogen membrane system. It was further demonstrated that Aa-Lcht could colonize apple twig tissues without damaging the tissue's integrity. More importantly, Aa-Lcht could also stimulate the up-regulated expression of defense-related genes in apples together with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and callose deposition in apple leaf cells. Summarizing the above, one endophytic biocontrol resource was isolated, and it can colonize apple twig tissue and play a biocontrol role through both pathogen inhibition and resistance inducement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting He
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Runze Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengyu Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lin Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China..
| | - Lili Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China..
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Dong Y, Li B, Yin MX, Liu Z, Niu Y, Wu QY, Zhu XL, Yang GF. The Interaction Mechanism of Picolinamide Fungicide Targeting on the Cytochrome bc1 Complex and Its Structural Modification. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:3755-3762. [PMID: 38346446 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c05982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Picolinamide fungicides, structurally related to UK-2A and antimycin-A, bind into the Qi-site in the bc1 complex. However, the detailed binding mode of picolinamide fungicides remains unknown. In the present study, antimycin-A and UK-2A were selected to study the binding mode of picolinamide inhibitors with four protonation states in the Qi-site by integrating molecular dynamics simulation, molecular docking, and molecular mechanics Generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA) calculations. Subsequently, a series of new picolinamide derivatives were designed and synthesized to further understand the effects of substituents on the tail phenyl ring. The computational results indicated that the substituted aromatic rings in antimycin-A and UK-2A were the pharmacophore fragments and made the primary contribution when bound to a protein. Compound 9g-hydrolysis formed H-bonds with Hie201 and Ash228 and showed an IC50 value of 6.05 ± 0.24 μM against the porcine bc1 complex. Compound 9c, with a simpler chemical structure, showed higher control effects than florylpicoxamid against cucumber downy mildew and expanded the fungicidal spectrum of picolinamide fungicides. The structural and mechanistic insights obtained from the present study will provide a valuable clue for the future designing of new promising Qi-site inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Mao-Xue Yin
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Niu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong-You Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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Shi N, Zhao D, Qiu D, Wang H, Wu L, Chen F, Chen Q, Du Y. Resistance risk and resistance-related point mutations in cytochrome b of florylpicoxamid in Colletotrichum scovillei. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105617. [PMID: 37945253 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum scovillei is one of the most destructive diseases of chili worldwide. Florylpicoxamid is a new quinone inside inhibitor (QiI) fungicide, which shows intensively inhibitory activity against C. scovillei. Currently, florylpicoxamid is in the registration process to control chili anthracnose in China. This study investigated the risk of resistance and resistance genetic mechanism of C. scovillei to florylpicoxamid. Baseline sensitivity of 141C. scovillei isolates to florylpicoxamid was established with an average EC50 value of 0.2328 ± 0.0876 μg/mL. A total of seven stable florylpicoxamid-resistant mutants were obtained with resistance factors ranging from 41 to 276. The mutants showed similar or weaker traits in mycelial growth, sporulation, conidial germination and pathogenicity than their parental isolates. Generally, the resistance risk of C. scovillei to florylpicoxamid would be moderate. In addition, there was no cross-resistance between florylpicoxamid and the commercially available fungicides tested. A37V and S207L mutations in the cytochrome b protein were detected in four high-resistance and three moderate-resistance mutants, respectively, of which, S207L is a new mutation. Molecular docking showed that the two mutations conferred different resistance levels to florylpicoxamid. These results provide a new perspective for QiI fungicide-resistance mechanism and may help in the reasonable use of florylpicoxamid against chili anthracnose in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niuniu Shi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Deyou Zhao
- Corteva (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Dezhu Qiu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Haihong Wang
- Corteva (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Liting Wu
- Corteva (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Furu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Qing Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China
| | - Yixin Du
- Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China; Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou, Fujian 350013, China.
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Diniz-Lima I, da Fonseca LM, Dos Reis JS, Decote-Ricardo D, Morrot A, Previato JO, Previato LM, Freire-de-Lima CG, Freire-de-Lima L. Non-self glycan structures as possible modulators of cancer progression: would polysaccharides from Cryptococcus spp. impact this phenomenon? Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:907-919. [PMID: 36840821 PMCID: PMC10235250 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00936-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are responsible for a large number of annual deaths. Most cases are closely related to patients in a state of immunosuppression, as is the case of patients undergoing chemotherapy. Cancer patients are severely affected by the worrisome proportions that an IFI can take during cancer progression, especially in an already immunologically and metabolically impaired patient. There is scarce knowledge about strategies to mitigate cancer progression in these cases, beyond conventional treatment with antifungal drugs with a narrow therapeutic range. However, in recent years, ample evidence has surfaced describing the possible interferences that IFI may have both on the progression of pre-existing cancers and in the induction of newly transformed cells. The leading gambit for modulation of tumor progression comes from the ability of fungal virulence factors to modulate the host's immune system, since they are found in considerable concentrations in the tumor microenvironment during infection. In this context, cryptococcosis is of particular concern, since the main virulence factor of the pathogenic yeast is its polysaccharide capsule, which carries constituents with high immunomodulatory properties and cytotoxic potential. Therefore, we open a discussion on what has already been described regarding the progression of cryptococcosis in the context of cancer progression, and the possible implications that fungal glycan structures may take in both cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Diniz-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Marques da Fonseca
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Jhenifer Santos Dos Reis
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Debora Decote-Ricardo
- Departamento de Microbiologia E Imunologia Veterinária, Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Morrot
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Jose Osvaldo Previato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Lucia Mendonça Previato
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Celio Geraldo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Freire-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal Do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil.
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Young DH, Meunier B. Characterization of mutants with single and combined Q i and Q o site mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals interactions between the picolinamide fungicide CAS-649 and azoxystrobin. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 189:105313. [PMID: 36549825 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Picolinamide and strobilurin fungicides bind to the Qi and Qo sites on cytochrome b, respectively, and target many of the same plant pathogens. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system, we explore effects of amino acid changes at each site on sensitivity to a fungicide acting at the opposite site and examine the relationship between altered sensitivity and growth penalty. In addition, double mutants containing the G143A or F129L mutations responsible for strobilurin resistance in combination with Qi site mutations that confer resistance to picolinamides are characterized in terms of their sensitivity to QiI and QoI fungicides and growth rate. Mutants containing amino acid changes at the Qo site varied in their growth rate and sensitivity to the picolinamide CAS-649, and increased sensitivity was associated with a greater growth penalty. Conversely, changes at the Qi site affected sensitivity to azoxystrobin and also showed a correlation between increased sensitivity and reduced growth. There was no overall correlation between resistance to azoxystrobin and CAS-649 among mutants, however negative cross-resistance occurred in the case of mutations which conferred resistance to either compound and also carried a growth penalty. These results suggest the use of QoI fungicides to delay the emergence of pathogen resistance to QiIs, and vice versa. Double mutants containing G143A or F129L in combination with Qi site changes N31K, G37C/V or L198F that cause resistance to picolinamides generally exhibited lower resistance factors for both azoxystrobin and CAS-649 than corresponding resistant strains with a single mutation. Reduced growth was observed for all F129L-containing double mutants, whereas the growth rate of double mutants containing G143A was significantly reduced only by the Qi site mutations N31K and G37V that confer a larger growth penalty. Our results suggest that resistance to picolinamides in pathogens could emerge more readily in a strobilurin-sensitive genetic background than in a strobilurin-resistant one.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Young
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA.
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Torres-Rodriguez JA, Reyes-Pérez JJ, Quiñones-Aguilar EE, Hernandez-Montiel LG. Actinomycete Potential as Biocontrol Agent of Phytopathogenic Fungi: Mechanisms, Source, and Applications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3201. [PMID: 36501241 PMCID: PMC9736024 DOI: 10.3390/plants11233201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic fungicides have been the main control of phytopathogenic fungi. However, they cause harm to humans, animals, and the environment, as well as generating resistance in phytopathogenic fungi. In the last few decades, the use of microorganisms as biocontrol agents of phytopathogenic fungi has been an alternative to synthetic fungicide application. Actinomycetes isolated from terrestrial, marine, wetland, saline, and endophyte environments have been used for phytopathogenic fungus biocontrol. At present, there is a need for searching new secondary compounds and metabolites of different isolation sources of actinomycetes; however, little information is available on those isolated from other environments as biocontrol agents in agriculture. Therefore, the objective of this review is to compare the antifungal activity and the main mechanisms of action in actinomycetes isolated from different environments and to describe recent achievements of their application in agriculture. Although actinomycetes have potential as biocontrol agents of phytopathogenic fungi, few studies of actinomycetes are available of those from marine, saline, and wetland environments, which have equal or greater potential as biocontrol agents than isolates of actinomycetes from terrestrial environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Torres-Rodriguez
- Nanotechnology and Microbial Biocontrol Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23090, Mexico
| | - Juan J. Reyes-Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Av. Quito km 1.5 vía a Santo Domingo, Quevedo 120501, Ecuador
| | - Evangelina E. Quiñones-Aguilar
- Centro de Investigaciones y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Camino Arenero, El Bajío del Arenal, Guadalajara 45019, Mexico
| | - Luis G. Hernandez-Montiel
- Nanotechnology and Microbial Biocontrol Group, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, Av. Politécnico Nacional 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, La Paz 23090, Mexico
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Kildea S, Hellin P, Heick TM, Hutton F. Baseline sensitivity of European Zymoseptoria tritici populations to the complex III respiration inhibitor fenpicoxamid. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4488-4496. [PMID: 35797347 PMCID: PMC9796354 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fenpicoxamid is a recently developed fungicide belonging to the quinone inside inhibitor (QiI) group. This is the first fungicide within this group to be active against the Zymoseptoria tritici, which causes Septoria tritici blotch on wheat. The occurrence of pre-existing resistance mechanisms was monitored, using sensitivity assays and Illumina sequencing, in Z. tritici populations sampled in multiple European countries before the introduction of fenpicoxamid. RESULTS Although differences in sensitivity to all three fungicides tested (fenpicoxamid, fentin chloride and pyraclostrobin) existed between the isolate collections, no alterations associated with QiI resistance were detected. Among the isolates, a range in sensitivity to fenpicoxamid was observed (ratio between most sensitive/least sensitive = 53.1), with differences between the most extreme isolates when tested in planta following limited fenpicoxamid treatment. Sensitivity assays using fentin chloride suggest some of the observed differences in fenpicoxamid sensitivity are associated with multi-drug resistance. Detailed monitoring of the wider European population using Illumina-based partial sequencing of the Z. tritici also only detected the presence of G143A, with differences in frequencies of this alteration observed across the region. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a baseline sensitivity for European Z. tritici populations to fenpicoxamid. Target-site resistance appears to be limited or non-existing in European Z. tritici populations prior to the introduction of fenpicoxamid. Non-target site resistance mechanisms exist, but their impact in the field is predicted to be limited. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Kildea
- Teagasc, The Agriculture and Food Development AuthorityCarlowIreland
| | - Pierre Hellin
- Plant and Forest Health Unit, Walloon Agricultural Research CenterGemblouxBelgium
| | - Thies M. Heick
- Department of AgroecologyAarhus UniversitySlagelseDenmark
| | - Fiona Hutton
- Teagasc, The Agriculture and Food Development AuthorityCarlowIreland
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Jackson V, Jordan L, Burgin RN, McGaw OJS, Muir CW, Ceban V. Application of Molecular-Modeling, Scaffold-Hopping, and Bioisosteric Approaches to the Discovery of New Heterocyclic Picolinamides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:11031-11041. [PMID: 35852973 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclic natural products and their derivatives are a valuable source for biologically active crop protection products and have had significant impact on the development of conventional agrochemicals. However, they can be challenging starting points for lead-generation efforts because of their size, structural complexity, and developability. Using molecular modeling and electrostatic analysis, alternative bicyclic isosteres were identified as replacements for the antifungal nine-membered macrocycle UK-2A. By application of a structure-based conformational approach, a series of heterocyclic replacements were derivatized to deliver promising fungicidal activity and scaffold bioisosteres were further diversified to investigate structure-activity relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jackson
- Globachem Discovery, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Jordan
- Globachem Discovery, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan N Burgin
- Globachem Discovery, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J S McGaw
- Globachem Discovery, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Calum W Muir
- Globachem Discovery, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Victor Ceban
- Globachem Discovery, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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9
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Young DH, Meunier B, Wang NX. Interaction of picolinamide fungicide primary metabolites UK-2A and CAS-649 with the cytochrome bc 1 complex Qi site: mutation effects and modelling in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2657-2666. [PMID: 35355395 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fenpicoxamid and florylpicoxamid are picolinamide fungicides targeting the Qi site of the cytochrome bc1 complex, via their primary metabolites UK-2A and CAS-649, respectively. We explore binding interactions and resistance mechanisms for picolinamides, antimycin A and ilicicolin H in yeast by testing effects of cytochrome b amino acid changes on fungicide sensitivity and interpreting results using molecular docking. RESULTS Effects of amino acid changes on sensitivity to UK-2A and CAS-649 were similar, with highest resistance associated with exchanges involving G37 and substitutions N31K and L198F. These changes, as well as K228M, also affected antimycin A, while ilicicolin H was affected by changes at G37 and L198, as well as Q22E. N31 substitution patterns suggest that a lysine at position 31 introduces an electrostatic interaction with neighbouring D229, causing disruption of a key salt-bridge interaction with picolinamides. Changes involving G37 and L198 imply resistance primarily through steric interference. G37 changes also showed differences between CAS-649 and UK-2A or antimycin A with respect to branched versus unbranched amino acids. N31K and substitution of G37 by large amino acids reduced growth rate substantially while L198 substitutions showed little effect on growth. CONCLUSION Binding of UK-2A and CAS-649 at the Qi site involves similar interactions such that general cross-resistance between fenpicoxamid and florylpicoxamid is anticipated in target pathogens. Some resistance mutations reduced growth rate and could carry a fitness penalty in pathogens. However, certain changes involving G37 and L198 carry little or no growth penalty and may pose the greatest risk for resistance development in the field. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Young
- Crop Protection Discovery and Development, Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nick X Wang
- Crop Protection Discovery and Development, Corteva Agriscience, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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10
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Meyer KG, Bravo-Altamirano K, Herrick J, Loy BA, Yao C, Nugent B, Buchan Z, Daeuble JF, Heemstra R, Jones DM, Wilmot J, Lu Y, DeKorver K, DeLorbe J, Rigoli J. Discovery of florylpicoxamid, a mimic of a macrocyclic natural product. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 50:116455. [PMID: 34757295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have routinely been used both as sources of and inspiration for new crop protection active ingredients. The natural product UK-2A has potent anti-fungal activity but lacks key attributes for field translation. Post-fermentation conversion of UK-2A to fenpicoxamid resulted in an active ingredient with a new target site of action for cereal and banana pathogens. Here we demonstrate the creation of a synthetic variant of fenpicoxamid via identification of the structural elements of UK-2A that are needed for anti-fungal activity. Florylpicoxamid is a non-macrocyclic active ingredient bearing two fewer stereocenters than fenpicoxamid, controls a broad spectrum of fungal diseases at low use rates and has a concise, scalable route which is aligned with green chemistry principles. The development of florylpicoxamid represents the first example of using a stepwise deconstruction of a macrocyclic natural product to design a fully synthetic crop protection active ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin G Meyer
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA.
| | | | - Jessica Herrick
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Brian A Loy
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Chenglin Yao
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Ben Nugent
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Zachary Buchan
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - John F Daeuble
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Ron Heemstra
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - David M Jones
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Jeremy Wilmot
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Yu Lu
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Kyle DeKorver
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Johnathan DeLorbe
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - Jared Rigoli
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
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11
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Yao C, Meyer KG, Gallup C, Bowling AJ, Hufnagl A, Myung K, Lutz J, Slanec T, Pence HE, Delgado J, Wang NX. Florylpicoxamid, a new picolinamide fungicide with broad spectrum activity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:4483-4496. [PMID: 34010509 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the introduction of fenpicoxamid, a natural product-based fungicide targeting the Qi site of mitochondrial cytochrome bc1 complex, a second generation fully synthetic picolinamide, florylpicoxamid, was discovered and its biological activity and attributes were characterized. RESULTS In vitro fungal growth inhibition assays and in planta glasshouse biological activity evaluations showed florylpicoxamid was active against 21 different plant pathogenic fungi within the phyla Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Among the pathogens evaluated, florylpicoxamid was most potent against Zymoseptoria tritici, the causal organism of wheat leaf blotch, providing 80% growth inhibition in vitro at 0.0046 mg L-1 and 80% disease control in planta at 0.03 mg L-1 when applied as a preventative treatment. Florylpicoxamid was more efficacious than epoxiconazole, fluxapyroxad, and benzovindiflupyr versus a Z. tritici wild-type isolate when applied as curative and preventative treatments, with superior 10-day curative reachback activity. Analytical studies and in planta tests demonstrated that florylpicoxamid partitioned into plants quickly and showed good systemicity and translaminar activity on both monocot and dicot plants. No cross-resistance was observed between florylpicoxamid and strobilurin or azole fungicides. Florylpicoxamid exerts its preventative effect by preventing spore germination on the leaf surface and curative activity by arresting mycelial growth and pycnidia development in leaf tissue. CONCLUSIONS With strong broad spectrum fungicidal activity, florylpicoxamid delivers an innovative solution for growers to sustain high productivity and quality of many crops, and also provides a new option for developing effective strategies for fungicide resistance management. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Yao
- Corteva Agriscience, Crop Protection Discovery & Development, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin G Meyer
- Corteva Agriscience, Crop Protection Discovery & Development, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Courtney Gallup
- Corteva Agriscience, Crop Protection Discovery & Development, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrew J Bowling
- Corteva Agriscience, Crop Protection Discovery & Development, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Andrea Hufnagl
- Corteva Agriscience, Crop Protection Discovery & Development, Guyancourt, France
| | | | - Jamie Lutz
- Corteva Agriscience, Crop Protection Discovery & Development, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas Slanec
- Corteva Agriscience, Crop Protection Discovery & Development, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Heather E Pence
- Corteva Agriscience, Crop Protection Discovery & Development, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Javier Delgado
- Corteva Agriscience, Crop Protection Discovery & Development, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nick X Wang
- Corteva Agriscience, Crop Protection Discovery & Development, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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12
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Fouché G, Michel T, Lalève A, Wang NX, Young DH, Meunier B, Debieu D, Fillinger S, Walker AS. Directed evolution predicts cytochrome b G37V target site modification as probable adaptive mechanism towards the QiI fungicide fenpicoxamid in Zymoseptoria tritici. Environ Microbiol 2021; 24:1117-1132. [PMID: 34490974 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acquired resistance is a threat to antifungal efficacy in medicine and agriculture. The diversity of possible resistance mechanisms and highly adaptive traits of pathogens make it difficult to predict evolutionary outcomes of treatments. We used directed evolution as an approach to assess the resistance risk to the new fungicide fenpicoxamid in the wheat pathogenic fungus Zymoseptoria tritici. Fenpicoxamid inhibits complex III of the respiratory chain at the ubiquinone reduction site (Qi site) of the mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b, a different site than the widely used strobilurins which inhibit the same complex at the ubiquinol oxidation site (Qo site). We identified the G37V change within the cytochrome b Qi site as the most likely resistance mechanism to be selected in Z. tritici. This change triggered high fenpicoxamid resistance and halved the enzymatic activity of cytochrome b, despite no significant penalty for in vitro growth. We identified negative cross-resistance between isolates harbouring G37V or G143A, a Qo site change previously selected by strobilurins. Double mutants were less resistant to both QiIs and quinone outside inhibitors compared to single mutants. This work is a proof of concept that experimental evolution can be used to predict adaptation to fungicides and provides new perspectives for the management of QiIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Fouché
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France.,Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - Thomas Michel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Anaïs Lalève
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France
| | - Nick X Wang
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - David H Young
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis, IN, 46268, USA
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, 91198, France
| | - Danièle Debieu
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France
| | - Sabine Fillinger
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Walker
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR BIOGER, Thiverval-Grignon, 78850, France
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13
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Synthetic approaches to the 2015-2018 new agrochemicals. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 39:116162. [PMID: 33895705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this review, the synthesis of 33 agrochemicals that received an international standardization organization (ISO) name between January 2015 and December 2018 is described. The aim is to showcase the broad range and scope of reactions, reagents and intermediates used to discover and produce the latest active ingredients addressing the crop protection industry's needs.
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14
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Hawkins NJ, Fraaije BA. Contrasting levels of genetic predictability in the evolution of resistance to major classes of fungicides. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5318-5327. [PMID: 33706414 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of resistance has been seen across all major classes of xenobiotics, including antimicrobial drugs and agricultural pesticides. This repeated emergence of resistance is a case of phenotypic parallel evolution, but often the parallelism extends to the molecular level too, with multiple species gaining the same mutation in response to the same chemical treatment. We review the degree of repeatability in target-site resistance mutations affecting different classes of site-specific agricultural fungicides used in crop protection, comparing the extent to which resistance in different pathogen species has evolved via the same or different mutations. For all major fungicide target sites, substantial levels of molecular parallel evolution can be seen, with at least one mutation recurring in over 50% of species. Target-site mutations appear to be most repeatable in cytochrome b, target site of quinone-outside inhibitor fungicides, and least predictable for CYP51, target site of the azoles. Intermediate levels of repeatability are seen for the MBC target site β-tubulin, and the SDHI target site succinate dehydrogenase. Repeatability may be lower where there are selective trade-offs between resistance and pleiotropic fitness penalties, or differing levels of cross-resistance across members of a fungicide class; or where single mutations confer only partial resistance, and epistatic interactions between multiple mutations result in a rugged fitness landscape. This affects the predictive power of in vitro mutation studies, and has practical implications for resistance monitoring strategies and diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola J Hawkins
- Biointeractions and Crop Protection Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK.,NIAB, Cambridge, UK
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15
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Sarewicz M, Pintscher S, Pietras R, Borek A, Bujnowicz Ł, Hanke G, Cramer WA, Finazzi G, Osyczka A. Catalytic Reactions and Energy Conservation in the Cytochrome bc1 and b6f Complexes of Energy-Transducing Membranes. Chem Rev 2021; 121:2020-2108. [PMID: 33464892 PMCID: PMC7908018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on key components of respiratory and photosynthetic energy-transduction systems: the cytochrome bc1 and b6f (Cytbc1/b6f) membranous multisubunit homodimeric complexes. These remarkable molecular machines catalyze electron transfer from membranous quinones to water-soluble electron carriers (such as cytochromes c or plastocyanin), coupling electron flow to proton translocation across the energy-transducing membrane and contributing to the generation of a transmembrane electrochemical potential gradient, which powers cellular metabolism in the majority of living organisms. Cytsbc1/b6f share many similarities but also have significant differences. While decades of research have provided extensive knowledge on these enzymes, several important aspects of their molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We summarize a broad range of structural, mechanistic, and physiological aspects required for function of Cytbc1/b6f, combining textbook fundamentals with new intriguing concepts that have emerged from more recent studies. The discussion covers but is not limited to (i) mechanisms of energy-conserving bifurcation of electron pathway and energy-wasting superoxide generation at the quinol oxidation site, (ii) the mechanism by which semiquinone is stabilized at the quinone reduction site, (iii) interactions with substrates and specific inhibitors, (iv) intermonomer electron transfer and the role of a dimeric complex, and (v) higher levels of organization and regulation that involve Cytsbc1/b6f. In addressing these topics, we point out existing uncertainties and controversies, which, as suggested, will drive further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Sarewicz
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Sebastian Pintscher
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Rafał Pietras
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Borek
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Bujnowicz
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
| | - Guy Hanke
- School
of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | - William A. Cramer
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Giovanni Finazzi
- Laboratoire
de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, Centre National Recherche Scientifique,
Commissariat Energie Atomique et Energies Alternatives, Institut National
Recherche l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Artur Osyczka
- Department
of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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16
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Kulik T, Van Diepeningen AD, Hausner G. Editorial: The Significance of Mitogenomics in Mycology. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:628579. [PMID: 33488569 PMCID: PMC7817700 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.628579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anne D Van Diepeningen
- B.U. Biointeractions and Plant Health, Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Georg Hausner
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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17
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Liang L, Cheng X, Dai T, Wang Z, Li J, Li X, Lei B, Liu P, Hao J, Liu X. Metabolic Fingerprinting for Identifying the Mode of Action of the Fungicide SYP-14288 on Rhizoctonia solani. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:574039. [PMID: 33362733 PMCID: PMC7755717 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.574039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The fungicide SYP-14288 has a high efficiency, low toxicity, and broad spectrum in inhibiting both fungi and oomycetes, but its mode of action (MoA) remains unclear on inhibiting fungi. In this study, the MoA was determined by analyzing the metabolism and respiratory activities of Rhizoctonia solani treated by SYP-14288. Wild-type strains and SYP-14288-resistant mutants of R. solani were incubated on potato dextrose agar amended with either SYP-14288 or one of select fungicides acting on fungal respiration, including complex I, II, and III inhibitors; uncouplers; and ATP synthase inhibitors. Mycelial growth was measured under fungicides treatments. ATP content was determined using an ATP assay kit, membrane potential of mitochondria was detected with the JC-1 kit, and respiratory rate was calculated based on the measurement of oxygen consumption of R. solani. A model of metabolic fingerprinting cluster was established to separate oxidation inhibitors and phosphorylation inhibitors. All the results together displayed a clear discrimination between oxidation inhibitors and phosphorylation inhibitors, and the latter inhibited ATP synthase production having or uncoupling activities. Based on the model, SYP-14288 was placed in phosphorylation inhibitor group, because it significantly reduced ATP content and membrane potential of mitochondria while increasing respiratory rate in R. solani. Therefore, the MoA of SYP-14288 on R. solani was confirmed to involve phosphorylation inhibition and possibly uncoupling activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xingkai Cheng
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tan Dai
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Xueming Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Lei
- Institute of Nuclear and Biological Technologies, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Hao
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States
| | - Xili Liu
- Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Fisher N, Meunier B, Biagini GA. The cytochrome bc 1 complex as an antipathogenic target. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2935-2952. [PMID: 32573760 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome bc1 complex is a key component of the mitochondrial respiratory chains of many eukaryotic microorganisms that are pathogenic for plants or humans, such as fungi responsible for crop diseases and Plasmodium falciparum, which causes human malaria. Cytochrome bc1 is an enzyme that contains two (ubi)quinone/quinol-binding sites, which can be exploited for the development of fungicidal and chemotherapeutic agents. Here, we review recent progress in determination of the structure and mechanism of action of cytochrome bc1 , and the associated development of antimicrobial agents (and associated resistance mechanisms) targeting its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Fisher
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- CEA, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Giancarlo A Biagini
- Parasitology Department, Research Centre for Drugs & Diagnostics, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
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19
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Matsuzaki Y, Kiguchi S, Suemoto H, Iwahashi F. Antifungal activity of metyltetraprole against the existing QoI-resistant isolates of various plant pathogenic fungi: Metyltetraprole against QoI-R isolates. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:1743-1750. [PMID: 31769927 PMCID: PMC7204873 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metyltetraprole is a novel quinol oxidation site of Complex III inhibitor (QoI) fungicide that inhibits mitochondrial electron transport at the Qo site of the cytochrome bc1 complex. Previous reports have demonstrated that it is also active against the QoI-resistant (QoI-R) isolates of Zymoseptoria tritici and Pyrenophora teres with the mutations G143A and F129L in their cytochrome b gene, respectively. Further studies on cross-resistance between metyltetraprole and existing QoIs were performed using an increased number of isolates of Z. tritici, P. teres, Ramularia collo-cygni, Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, and several other plant pathogenic fungi. RESULTS Differences in the EC50 values between the wild-type and QoI-R isolates with the mutations G143A or F129L were always smaller for metyltetraprole compared to those for the existing QoIs, and they were never greater than five in terms of resistance factor. The 2-year field experiments showed that the metyltetraprole treatment did not increase the percentage of QoI-R isolates likely to harbor the G143A mutation in a Z. tritici population. CONCLUSION The unique behavior of metyltetraprole against the existing QoI-R isolates was confirmed for all tested pathogen species. Our results provide important information to establish a fungicide resistance management strategy using metyltetraprole in combination or alternation with other fungicides. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Matsuzaki
- Health and Crop Sciences Research LaboratorySumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.TakarazukaJapan
| | - So Kiguchi
- Health and Crop Sciences Research LaboratorySumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.TakarazukaJapan
| | - Haruka Suemoto
- Health and Crop Sciences Research LaboratorySumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.TakarazukaJapan
| | - Fukumatsu Iwahashi
- Health and Crop Sciences Research LaboratorySumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.TakarazukaJapan
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20
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Owen WJ, Meyer KG, Slanec TJ, Meyer ST, Wang NX, Fitzpatrick GM, Niyaz NN, Nugent J, Ricks MJ, Rogers RB, Yao C. Synthesis and biological activity of analogs of the antifungal antibiotic UK-2A. III. Impact of modifications to the macrocycle isobutyryl ester position. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:277-286. [PMID: 31207132 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fenpicoxamid (Inatreq™ active), a new fungicide under development by Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, is an isobutyryl acetal derivative of the antifungal antibiotic UK-2A. SAR studies around the picolinamide ring and benzyl substituents attached at positions 3 and 8, respectively, of the UK-2A bislactone macrocycle have recently been documented. This study focuses on replacement of the isobutyryl ester group in the 7 position. RESULTS Thirty analogs, predominantly esters and ethers, were prepared and evaluated for inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport and in vitro growth of Zymoseptoria tritici, Leptosphaeria nodorum, Pyricularia oryzae and Ustilago maydis. Aliphatic substituents containing four to six carbon atoms deliver strong intrinsic activity, the pivaloate ester (IC50 1.44 nM) and the n-butyl, 1-Me-propyl, 3,3-diMe-propyl and 2-c-propyl propyl ethers (IC50 values = 1.08, 1.14, 1.15 & 1.32 nM, respectively) being the most active derivatives. QSAR modelling identified solvation energy (Esolv ) and critical packing parameters (vsurf_CP) as highly significant molecular descriptors for explaining relative intrinsic activity of analogs. Activity translation to fungal growth inhibition and disease control testing was significantly influenced by intrinsic activity and physical properties, the cyclopropanecarboxylate ester (log D 3.67, IC50 3.36 nM, Z. tritici EC50 12 μg L-1 ) showing the strongest Z. tritici activity in protectant tests. CONCLUSIONS Substitution of the isobutyryl ester group of UK-2A generates analogs that retain strong antifungal activity against Z. tritici and other fungi. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- W John Owen
- Crop Protection Discovery Biology, Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin G Meyer
- Crop Protection Discovery Chemistry, Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas J Slanec
- Crop Protection Discovery Biology, Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stacy T Meyer
- Crop Protection Discovery Biology, Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nick X Wang
- Crop Protection Discovery Chemistry, Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gina M Fitzpatrick
- Crop Protection Discovery Chemistry, Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Noormohamed N Niyaz
- Crop Protection Discovery Chemistry, Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jaime Nugent
- Crop Protection Discovery Chemistry, Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael J Ricks
- Crop Protection Discovery Chemistry, Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Richard B Rogers
- Crop Protection Discovery Chemistry, Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chenglin Yao
- Crop Protection Discovery Biology, Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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21
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Tan H, Yang X, Dai Q, Deng Z, Qu X. Unravelling the Biosynthetic Flexibility of UK-2A Enables Enzymatic Synthesis of Its Structural Variants. ACS Synth Biol 2019; 8:2659-2665. [PMID: 31747253 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.9b00387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Emerging antimicrobial resistant fungal pathogens are a growing threat, and fungicides with novel modes of action are urgently needed to prevent critical failures in global food security. Fenpicoxamid, the prodrug of UK-2A, is a member of a new class of antifungal agents that displays no cross-resistance to other fungicides. Rational engineering of its structure using a biosynthetic approach is a promising avenue for developing more potent fungicides. Herein, through in vitro enzymatic reconstitution, we elucidate the biosynthetic pathway of UK-2A. Its biosynthesis involves a flexible AMP-binding protein and dilactone formation assembly enzymes that are able to select and incorporate highly diverse substituted salicylic acids into the dilactone scaffold. By introducing diverse salicylic acids into the in vitro biosynthetic pathway, we successfully generate 14 novel deacyl UK-2A analogues. This study reveals the flexibility of the biosynthetic pathway of UK-2A and provides an effective solution to rationally engineer its crucial C3 moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqun Tan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuejun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qi Dai
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zixin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xudong Qu
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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22
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Lorsbach BA, Sparks TC, Cicchillo RM, Garizi NV, Hahn DR, Meyer KG. Natural products: a strategic lead generation approach in crop protection discovery. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2301-2309. [PMID: 30672097 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the anticipated population growth in the coming decades, the changing regulatory environment, and the continued emergence of resistance to commercial pesticides, there is a constant need to discover new lead chemistries with novel modes of action. We have established a portfolio of approaches to accelerate lead generation. One of these approaches capitalizes on the rich bioactivity of natural products (NPs), highlighted by the numerous examples of NP-based crop protection compounds. Within Corteva Agriscience and the affiliated preceding companies, NPs have been a fruitful approach, for nearly three decades, to identifying and bringing to the market crop protection products inspired by or originating from NPs, . Included in these NP-based crop protection products are the spinosyns family of insecticides, and those from more recent areas of NP-based fungicidal chemistry, as highlighted in this perspective. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Lorsbach
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Crop Protection Discovery, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas C Sparks
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Crop Protection Discovery, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Robert M Cicchillo
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Crop Protection Discovery, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Negar V Garizi
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Crop Protection Discovery, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Donald R Hahn
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Crop Protection Discovery, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin G Meyer
- Corteva Agriscience™, Agriculture Division of DowDuPont™, Crop Protection Discovery, Dow AgroSciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Mounkoro P, Michel T, Benhachemi R, Surpateanu G, Iorga BI, Fisher N, Meunier B. Mitochondrial complex III Q i -site inhibitor resistance mutations found in laboratory selected mutants and field isolates. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:2107-2114. [PMID: 30426681 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex III inhibitors targeting the Qi -site have been known for decades; some are used or being developed as antimicrobial compounds. Target site resistance mutations have been reported in laboratory-selected mutants and in field isolates. Here, we present a brief overview of mutations found in laboratory-selected resistant mutants. We also provide a study of mutations observed in field isolates of Plasmopara viticola, in particular the ametoctradin resistance substitution, S34L that we analysed in the yeast model. RESULTS A survey of laboratory mutants showed that resistance could be caused by a large number of substitutions in the Qi -site. Four residues seemed key in term of resistance: N31, G37, L198 and K228. Using yeast, we analysed the effect of the ametoctradin resistance substitution S34L reported in field isolates of P. viticola. We showed that S34L caused a high level of resistance combined with a loss of complex III activity and growth competence. CONCLUSION Use of single site Qi -site inhibitors is expected to result in the selection of resistant mutants. However, if the substitution is associated with a fitness penalty, as may be the case with S34L, resistance development might not be an insuperable obstacle, although careful monitoring is required. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Mounkoro
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Thomas Michel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rafik Benhachemi
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Georgiana Surpateanu
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Labex LERMIT, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Bogdan I Iorga
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, UPR 2301, Université Paris-Saclay, Labex LERMIT, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicholas Fisher
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Brigitte Meunier
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), CEA, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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24
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Owen WJ, Meyer KG, Meyer ST, Li F, Slanec TJ, Wang NX, Yao C. Synthesis and biological activity of analogs of the antifungal antibiotic UK-2A. II. Impact of modifications to the macrocycle benzyl position. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:1831-1846. [PMID: 30636031 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND UK-2A is an antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomyces sp. 517-02. Derivatization of its picolinamide OH to form the isobutyryl acetal led to the discovery of fenpicoxamid (InatreqTM active), which is currently under development as a fungicide by Dow AgroSciences LLC. This paper documents efforts to achieve additional efficacy enhancements through semi-synthetic modification of the benzyl substituent of the UK-2A macrocycle. RESULTS Of 34 analogs prepared, the most active had mitochondrial electron transport IC50 values 1.5- to 3.7-fold higher than UK-2A (IC50 0.86 nM). The cyclohexyl analog (38, IC50 1.23 nM) was the most intrinsically active derivative, and inhibited in vitro growth of Zymoseptoria tritici (EC50 2.8 ppb) and Leptosphaeria nodorum (EC50 6.2 ppb) more strongly than UK-2A (EC50 5.3 and 11.3 ppb for Z. tritici and L. nodorum, respectively). Heterocyclic ring systems and polar linker functionalities resulted in substantial activity loss. Several analogs (20, 22, 23, 24, 36 and 38) translated Z. tritici in vitro growth inhibition activity to in planta disease control more effectively than did UK-2A, with log D being a key factor in this regard. CONCLUSIONS UK-2A is amenable to further modification at the benzyl position on the macrocycle, which provides opportunities for manipulation of physical properties while retaining strong intrinsic and antifungal activity. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- W John Owen
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Crop Protection Discovery Biology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kevin G Meyer
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Crop Protection Discovery Chemistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Stacy T Meyer
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Crop Protection Discovery Biology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Fangzheng Li
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Process Chemistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Thomas J Slanec
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Crop Protection Discovery Biology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nick X Wang
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Crop Protection Discovery Chemistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chenglin Yao
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Crop Protection Discovery Biology, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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25
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Owen WJ, Meyer KG, Slanec TJ, Wang NX, Meyer ST, Niyaz NM, Rogers RB, Bravo-Altamirano K, Herrick JL, Yao C. Synthesis and biological activity of analogs of the antifungal antibiotic UK-2A. I. Impact of picolinamide ring replacement. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2019; 75:413-426. [PMID: 29952118 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antifungal antibiotic UK-2A strongly inhibits mitochondrial electron transport at the Qi site of the cytochrome bc1 complex. Previous reports have described semi-synthetic modifications of UK-2A to explore the structure-activity relationship (SAR), but efforts to replace the picolinic acid moiety have been limited. RESULTS Nineteen UK-2A analogs were prepared and evaluated for Qi site (cytochrome c reductase) inhibition and antifungal activity. While the majority are weaker Qi site inhibitors than UK-2A (IC50 , 3.8 nM), compounds 2, 5, 13 and 16 are slightly more active (IC50 , 3.3, 2.02, 2.89 and 1.55 nM, respectively). Compared to UK-2A, compounds 13 and 16 also inhibit growth of Zymoseptoria tritici and Leptosphaeria nodorum more strongly, while 2 and 13 provide stronger control of Z. tritici and Puccinia triticina in glasshouse tests. The relative activities of compounds 1-19 are rationalized based on a homology model constructed for the Z. tritici Qi binding site. Physical properties of compounds 1-19 influence translation of intrinsic activity to antifungal growth inhibition and in planta disease control. CONCLUSIONS The 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy picolinic acid moiety of UK-2A can be replaced by a variety of o-hydroxy-substituted arylcarboxylic acids that retain strong activity against Z. tritici and other agriculturally relevant fungi. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- W John Owen
- Crop Protection Discovery-Biology, Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268-1054, USA
| | - Kevin G Meyer
- Crop Protection Discovery-Chemistry, Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268-1054, USA
| | - Thomas J Slanec
- Crop Protection Discovery-Biology, Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268-1054, USA
| | - Nick X Wang
- Crop Protection Discovery-Chemistry, Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268-1054, USA
| | - Stacy T Meyer
- Crop Protection Discovery-Biology, Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268-1054, USA
| | - Noormohamed M Niyaz
- Crop Protection Discovery-Chemistry, Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268-1054, USA
| | - Richard B Rogers
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Alabama, 6040 USA South Drive, Mobile, AL 36688, USA
| | - Karla Bravo-Altamirano
- Crop Protection Discovery-Chemistry, Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268-1054, USA
| | - Jessica L Herrick
- Crop Protection Discovery-Chemistry, Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268-1054, USA
| | - Chenglin Yao
- Crop Protection Discovery-Biology, Dow AgroSciences LLC, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268-1054, USA
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26
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Jeschke P. Current status of chirality in agrochemicals. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:2389-2404. [PMID: 29704299 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The agrochemical industry is searching continuously for new pesticides to develop products that have optimal efficacy, lower application rates in the field, increased selectivity, favourable toxicological and environmental safety, enhanced user friendliness and better economic viability. One strategy by which to achieve these ambitious goals makes use of the unique properties of molecules containing asymmetric centres. In the past, many natural products and their congeners have been a source of inspiration in the design of new active ingredients, and the molecular structures of the resulting compounds have become increasingly complex; some 30% contain fragments with asymmetric centres. However, despite enormous progress in catalytic asymmetric processes over the past decade, few agrochemicals are produced in an enantiomerically pure or enriched form on an industrial scale. Since 2007, ∼ 43% of the 44 products launched (insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, nematicides and herbicides) contain one or more asymmetric centres in the molecule (∼ 47%) and most have been launched as racemic mixtures of enantiomers or diastereomers. This review provides an overview of the current status of chiral agrochemicals launched over the past 10 years and describes the inherently connected challenges of modern agricultural chemistry by managing important aspects resulting from the stereochemistry of these innovative products. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Jeschke
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Small Molecules Research, Pest Control Chemistry, Monheim am Rhein, Germany
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