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McCaw BA, Leonard AM, Stevenson TJ, Lancaster LT. A role of epigenetic mechanisms in regulating female reproductive responses to temperature in a pest beetle. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38864655 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Many species are threatened by climate change and must rapidly respond to survive in changing environments. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, can facilitate plastic responses by regulating gene expression in response to environmental cues. Understanding epigenetic responses is therefore essential for predicting species' ability to rapidly adapt in the context of global environmental change. Here, we investigated the functional significance of different methylation-associated cellular processes on temperature-dependent life history in seed beetles, Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius 1775 (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). We assessed changes under thermal stress in (1) DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt1 and Dnmt2) expression levels, (2) genome-wide methylation and (3) reproductive performance, with (2) and (3) following treatment with 3-aminobenzamide (3AB) and zebularine (Zeb) over two generations. These drugs are well-documented to alter DNA methylation across the tree of life. We found that Dnmt1 and Dnmt2 were expressed throughout the body in males and females, but were highly expressed in females compared with males and exhibited temperature dependence. However, whole-genome methylation did not significantly vary with temperature, and only marginally or inconclusively with drug treatment. Both 3AB and Zeb led to profound temperature-dependent shifts in female reproductive life history trade-off allocation, often increasing fitness compared with control beetles. Mismatch between magnitude of treatment effects on DNA methylation versus life history effects suggest potential of 3AB and Zeb to alter reproductive trade-offs via changes in DNA repair and recycling processes, rather than or in addition to (subtle) changes in DNA methylation. Together, our results suggest that epigenetic mechanisms relating to Dnmt expression, DNA repair and recycling pathways, and possibly DNA methylation, are strongly implicated in modulating insect life history trade-offs in response to temperature change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A McCaw
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Aoife M Leonard
- Centre for Evolutionary Hologenomics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tyler J Stevenson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
| | - Lesley T Lancaster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland
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2
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Bueno EM, McIlhenny CL, Chen YH. Cross-protection interactions in insect pests: Implications for pest management in a changing climate. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:9-20. [PMID: 36127854 PMCID: PMC10092685 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural insect pests display an exceptional ability to adapt quickly to natural and anthropogenic stressors. Emerging evidence suggests that frequent and varied sources of stress play an important role in driving protective physiological responses; therefore, intensively managed agroecosystems combined with climatic shifts might be an ideal crucible for stress adaptation. Cross-protection, where responses to one stressor offers protection against another type of stressor, has been well documented in many insect species, yet the molecular and epigenetic underpinnings that drive overlapping protective responses in insect pests remain unclear. In this perspective, we discuss cross-protection mechanisms and provide an argument for its potential role in increasing tolerance to a wide range of natural and anthropogenic stressors in agricultural insect pests. By drawing from existing literature on single and multiple stressor studies, we outline the processes that facilitate cross-protective interactions, including epigenetic modifications, which are understudied in insect stress responses. Finally, we discuss the implications of cross-protection for insect pest management, focusing on the consequences of cross-protection between insecticides and elevated temperatures associated with climate change. Given the multiple ways that insect pests are intensively managed in agroecosystems, we suggest that examining the role of multiple stressors can be important in understanding the wide adaptability of agricultural insect pests. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika M. Bueno
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Casey L. McIlhenny
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
| | - Yolanda H. Chen
- Department of Plant and Soil ScienceUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
- Gund Institute for EnvironmentUniversity of VermontBurlingtonVTUSA
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3
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Anbarasan R, Boopathy B, Stephen J, Radhakrishnan M. Cold plasma disinfestation of
Callosobruchus maculatus
infested soybeans: Its subsequent impact on soymilk extraction yield and quality. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Anbarasan
- Centre of Excellence in Non‐Thermal Processing National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Bhavadharini Boopathy
- Centre of Excellence in Non‐Thermal Processing National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Jaspin Stephen
- Centre of Excellence in Non‐Thermal Processing National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
| | - Mahendran Radhakrishnan
- Centre of Excellence in Non‐Thermal Processing National Institute of Food Technology, Entrepreneurship and Management Thanjavur Tamil Nadu India
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4
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Leonard AM, Lancaster LT. Evolution of resource generalism via generalized stress response confers increased reproductive thermal tolerance in a pest beetle. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blac082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Generalism should be favoured evolutionarily when there is no genetic constraint or loss of fitness across alternative environments. However, evolution of generalism can require substantial evolutionary change, which can confer a general stress response to other aspects of the environment. We created generalist lineages from an ancestral, resource-specialized laboratory population of seed beetles (Callosobruchus maculatus) by rearing lines over 60 generations on a mixture of both ancestral and novel host species to test for costs associated with the evolution of generalism involving evolutionary changes in gene expression and correlated phenotypic responses during a shift to generalism. Evolved lines had higher fitness on the novel resource, with no loss of fitness on the ancestral resource, indicating that they overcame initial fitness trade-offs. This involved upregulation of major stress response (heat shock protein) genes and genes coding for metabolic enzymes, suggesting an underpinning metabolic and physiological cost. Resource generalist populations also evolved greater thermal tolerance breadth, highlighting that the evolution of resource generalism might pre-adapt species to respond favourably to other environmental stressors, following selection for generalized stress response gene upregulation. The rapid gain of novel hosts during a pest invasion might also confer greater thermal resilience to ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M Leonard
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , United Kingdom
- Center of Evolutionary Hologenomics, Globe Institute, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Lesley T Lancaster
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , United Kingdom
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5
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Gou YP, Quandahor P, Mao L, Li CC, Zhou JJ, Liu CZ. Responses of Fungi Maggot (Bradysia impatiens Johannsen) to Allyl Isothiocyanate and High CO2. Front Physiol 2022; 13:879401. [PMID: 35600294 PMCID: PMC9119013 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.879401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Botanical pesticide is highly recommended for integrated pest management (IPM), due to its merits such as environmental friendliness, safe to non-target organisms, operators, animals, and food consumers. The experiment was conducted to determine the lethal and sub-lethal effects of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on eggs, third instar larvae, pupae, and females and males of Bradysia impatiens Johannsen (B. impatiens). Different concentrations of AITC under ambient CO2 by the conical flask sealed fumigation method were used for the experiment. The results showed that there was a significant linear relationship between different concentrations of AITC and the toxicity regression equation of B. impatiens. The sub-lethal concentrations of AITC had significant effects on the larval stage, pupal stage, pupation rate, pupal weight, adult emergence rate, and oviposition. The pupation rate, pupal weight, and adult emergency rate were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by AITC fumigation. The pupation rate was the lowest after fumigation treatment of AITC at LC50 (36.67%), followed by LC25 (41.94%), compared with the CK (81.39%). Female longevity was significantly (p < 0.05) shortened by fumigation at LC25 (1.75 d) and LC50 (1.64 d), compared with that of CK (2.94 d). Male longevity was shorter at LC25 (1.56 d) than at LC50 (1.25 d) and had no significant difference between these two treatments. The fumigation efficiency of AITC was significantly increased under high CO2 condition. Furthermore, detoxification enzyme activities and antioxidant enzyme activities were accumulated under high CO2 condition. The fumigation method in the application of AITC can be useful in areas where B. impatiens is a major concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ping Gou
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Peter Quandahor
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- CSIR—Savanna Agricultural Research Institute, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Liang Mao
- Forestry and Grassland Bureau of Lintao County, Dingxi, China
| | - Chun-Chun Li
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jing-Jiang Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chang-Zhong Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University/Biocontrol Engineering Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Pests of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chang-Zhong Liu,
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Campbell JB, López-Martínez G. Anoxia elicits the strongest stimulatory protective response in insect low-oxygen hormesis. CURRENT OPINION IN TOXICOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cotox.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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He L, Chen IW, Zhang Z, Zheng W, Sayadi A, Wang L, Sang W, Ji R, Lei J, Arnqvist G, Lei C, Zhu-Salzman K. In silico promoter analysis and functional validation identify CmZFH, the co-regulator of hypoxia-responsive genes CmScylla and CmLPCAT. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 140:103681. [PMID: 34800642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) plays an essential role in aerobic organisms including terrestrial insects. Under hypoxic stress, the cowpea bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) ceases feeding and growth. However, larvae, particularly 4th instar larvae exhibit very high tolerance to hypoxia and can recover normal growth once brought to normoxia. To better understand the molecular mechanism that enables insects to cope with low O2 stress, we performed RNA-seq to distinguish hypoxia-responsive genes in midguts and subsequently identified potential common cis-elements in promoters of hypoxia-induced and -repressed genes, respectively. Selected elements were subjected to gel-shift and transient transfection assays to confirm their cis-regulatory function. Of these putative common cis-elements, AREB6 appeared to regulate the expression of CmLPCAT and CmScylla, two hypoxia-induced genes. CmZFH, the putative AREB6-binding protein, was hypoxia-inducible. Transient expression of CmZFH in Drosophila S2 cells activated CmLPCAT and CmScylla, and their induction was likely through interaction of CmZFH with AREB6. Binding to AREB6 was further confirmed by bacterially expressed CmZFH recombinant protein. Deletion analyses indicated that the N-terminal zinc-finger cluster of CmZFH was the key AREB6-binding domain. Through in silico and experimental exploration, we discovered novel transcriptional regulatory components associated with gene expression dynamics under hypoxia that facilitated insect survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ivy W Chen
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Zan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400716, China
| | - Wenping Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (MOE), Institute of Urban and Horticultural Entomology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ahmed Sayadi
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Wen Sang
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Rui Ji
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jiaxin Lei
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Göran Arnqvist
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75236, Sweden
| | - Chaoliang Lei
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA; Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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8
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WANG L, ZHAO Y. Transcriptome analysis of Callosobruchus chinensis: insight into the biological control using entomopathogenic bacteria, Bacillus thuringiensis. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.26122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lei WANG
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, China; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
| | - Yaru ZHAO
- Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, China
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9
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Zhang D, Chen S, Abd-Alla AMM, Bourtzis K. The Effect of Radiation on the Gut Bacteriome of Aedes albopictus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:671699. [PMID: 34305838 PMCID: PMC8299835 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.671699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been developed as a component of area-wide integrated pest management approaches to control the populations of Aedes albopictus, a mosquito vector capable of transmission of dengue, Zika and chikungunya viruses. One of the key factors for the success of SIT is the requirement of high biological quality sterile males, which upon their release would be able to compete with wild males for matings with wild females in the field. In insects, gut bacteriome have played a catalytic role during evolution significantly affecting several aspects of their biology and ecology. Given the importance of gut-associated bacterial species for the overall ecological fitness and biological quality of their hosts, it is of interest to understand the effects of radiation on the gut-associated bacteriome of Ae. albopictus. In this study, the effect of radiation on the composition and density levels of the gut-associated bacterial species at the pupal stage as well as at 1- and 4-day-old males and females was studied using 16S rRNA gene-based next generation sequencing (NGS) and quantitative PCR (qPCR) approaches. Age, diet, sex, and radiation were shown to affect the gut-associated bacterial communities, with age having the highest impact triggering significant changes on bacterial diversity and clustering among pupae, 1- and 4-day-old adult samples. qPCR analysis revealed that the relative density levels of Aeromonas are higher in male samples compared to all other samples and that the irradiation triggers an increase in the density levels of both Aeromonas and Elizabethkingia in the mosquito gut at specific stages. Our results suggest that Aeromonas could potentially be used as probiotics to enhance protandry and sex separation in support of SIT applications against Ae. albopictus, while the functional role of Elizabethkingia in respect to oxidative stress and damage in irradiated mosquitoes needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjing Zhang
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University-Michigan State University Joint Center of Vector Control for Tropical Diseases, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Chinese Atomic Energy Agency Center of Excellence on Nuclear Technology Applications for Insect Control, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shi Chen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Biological Control, Fujian Agricultural and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Adly M M Abd-Alla
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kostas Bourtzis
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Wang L, Liu C, Geng X. Identify immune-related genes of adzuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis) in response to bacteria challenge by transcriptome analysis. Microb Pathog 2021; 151:104749. [PMID: 33484809 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Callosobruchus chinensis is one of the important postharvest pests in legume growing areas. Bacterial pesticide is a potential alternative method to control storage pests. However, the effect of these pathogen bacteria on storage pests, and the molecular mechanisms of insect response remain to be to investigated. RESULTS Using the next generation sequencing technology, we established a transcriptomic library for C. chinensis larvae in response to Escherichia coli. Total of 355 differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, which 178 DEGs were upregulated, and 177 DEGs were downregulated compared to control group. To validate the RNA-seq analysis, 20 DEGs and 14 immune-related genes were selected to perform quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). These immune-related genes were involved in recognition (peptidoglycan recognition proteins), signal transduction (fibrinogen-related proteins, serine proteinases and NF-κB), and execution effectors (phenoloxidase, defensin, attacin, and antimicrobial peptide). In addition, genes that encode digestive and respiratory enzymes were altered in C. chinensis larvae in response to infection. Some genes that involved in juvenile hormone and insulin pathway appeared to express differentially, suggesting that pathogen infection might lead to developmental arrest. Furthermore, iron homeostasis and chitin metabolism appeared significantly altered after infection. CONCLUSION In this study, we characterized the immune response of C. chinensis larvae in response to E. coli using RNA-seq, from pathogen recognition, signal transduction, to execution. Some other identified genes were involved in iron homeostasis, respiration, and digestion. A better understanding of molecular response of beetle to pathogen will facilitate us to develop an available strategy to control storage pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, PR China; School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China.
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212100, PR China
| | - Xueqing Geng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
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11
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Phytosanitary irradiation: Does modified atmosphere packaging or controlled atmosphere storage creating a low oxygen environment threaten treatment efficacy? Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.108874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Chen C, Condon CH, Boardman L, Meagher RL, Jeffers LA, Beam A, Bailey WD, Hahn DA. Critical PO 2 as a diagnostic biomarker for the effects of low-oxygen modified and controlled atmospheres on phytosanitary irradiation treatments in the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:2333-2341. [PMID: 32003078 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytosanitary irradiation is a sustainable alternative to chemical fumigants for disinfesting fresh commodities from insect pests. However, irradiating insects in modified atmospheres with very low oxygen (<1 kPa O2 ) has repeatedly been shown to increase radioprotective response. Thus, there is a concern that modified atmosphere packaging could reduce the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation. One hurdle slowing the widespread application of phytosanitary irradiation is a lack of knowledge about how moderate levels of hypoxia relevant to the modified atmosphere packaging of most fresh commodities (3-10 kPa O2 ) may affect phytosanitary irradiation treatments. Therefore, we hypothesize that critical PO2 (Pcrit ), the level of oxygen at which an insect's metabolism becomes impaired, can be used as a diagnostic biomarker to predict the induction of a radioprotective response. RESULTS Using the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni (Hübner), we show that there is a substantial increase in radiation resistance when larvae are irradiated in atmospheres more hypoxic than their Pcrit (3.3 kPa O2 ). These data are consistent with our hypothesis that Pcrit could be used as a diagnostic biomarker for what levels of hypoxia may induce radioprotective effects that could impact phytosanitary irradiation treatments. CONCLUSION We propose that the relationship between Pcrit and radioprotective effects could allow us to build a framework for predicting the effects of low-oxygen atmospheres on the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation. However, more widespread studies across pest species are still needed to test the generality of this idea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Chen
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Catriona H Condon
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Leigh Boardman
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert L Meagher
- USDA-ARS, Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Laura A Jeffers
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Andrea Beam
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Woodward D Bailey
- USDA-APHIS-PPQ Center for Plant Health Science and Technology, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel A Hahn
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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13
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Dias VS, Hallman GJ, Martínez-Barrera OY, Hurtado NV, Cardoso AAS, Parker AG, Caravantes LA, Rivera C, Araújo AS, Maxwell F, Cáceres-Barrios CE, Vreysen MJB, Myers SW. Modified Atmosphere Does Not Reduce the Efficacy of Phytosanitary Irradiation Doses Recommended for Tephritid Fruit Flies. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11060371. [PMID: 32549285 PMCID: PMC7348963 DOI: 10.3390/insects11060371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Phytosanitary irradiation (PI) has been successfully used to disinfest fresh commodities and facilitate international agricultural trade. Critical aspects that may reduce PI efficacy must be considered to ensure the consistency and effectiveness of approved treatment schedules. One factor that can potentially reduce PI efficacy is irradiation under low oxygen conditions. This factor is particularly important because storage and packaging of horticultural commodities under low oxygen levels constitute practices widely used to preserve their quality and extend their shelf life. Hence, international organizations and regulatory agencies have considered the uncertainties regarding the efficacy of PI doses for insects infesting fresh commodities stored under low oxygen levels as a rationale for restricting PI application under modified atmosphere. Our research examines the extent to which low oxygen treatments can reduce the efficacy of phytosanitary irradiation for tephritids naturally infesting fruits. The effects of normoxia (21% O2), hypoxia (~5% O2), and severe hypoxia (< 0.5% O2) on radiation sensitivity of third instars of Anastrepha fraterculus (sensu lato), A. ludens (Loew), Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) were evaluated and compared at several gamma radiation doses. Our findings suggest that, compared to normoxia, hypoxic and severe-hypoxic conditioning before and during irradiation can increase adult emergence and contribute to advancement of larval development of tephritid fruit flies only at low radiation doses that are not used as phytosanitary treatments. With phytosanitary irradiation doses approved internationally for several tephritids, low oxygen treatments applied before and during irradiation did not increase the emergence rates of any fruit fly species evaluated, and all treated insects died as coarctate larvae. Thus, the findings of our research support a re-evaluation of restrictions related to phytosanitary irradiation application under modified atmospheres targeting tephritid fruit flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa S. Dias
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
- Correspondence: (V.S.D.); (G.J.H.)
| | - Guy J. Hallman
- Phytosanitation, 3917 Estancia Drive, Oceanside, CA 92058, USA
- Correspondence: (V.S.D.); (G.J.H.)
| | - Olga Y. Martínez-Barrera
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Nick V. Hurtado
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Amanda A. S. Cardoso
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Andrew G. Parker
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Luis A. Caravantes
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Camilo Rivera
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Alexandre S. Araújo
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Florence Maxwell
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Carlos E. Cáceres-Barrios
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Marc J. B. Vreysen
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, IAEA, Wagramer Strasse 5, 1400 Vienna, Austria; (O.Y.M.-B.); (N.V.H.); (A.A.S.C.); (A.G.P.); (L.A.C.); (C.R.); (A.S.A.); (F.M.); (C.E.C.-B.); (M.J.B.V.)
| | - Scott W. Myers
- USDA, APHIS, PPQ, Science and Technology, Otis Laboratory 1398 W. Truck Rd., Buzzards Bay, MA 02542, USA;
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