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Chen W, Li X, Wei L, Chen B, Han C, Duan Y, Chen C. Functional Differentiation of the Succinate Dehydrogenase Subunit SdhC Governs the Sensitivity to SDHI Fungicides, ROS Homeostasis, and Pathogenicity in Fusarium asiaticum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:10314-10327. [PMID: 38661317 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) is an integral component of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) and respiratory electron transport chain (ETC), targeted by succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs). Fusarium asiaticum is a prominent phytopathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) on wheat. Here, we characterized the functions of the FaSdhA, FaSdhB, FaSdhC1, FaSdhC2, and FaSdhD subunits. Deletion of FaSdhA, FaSdhB, or FaSdhD resulted in significant growth defects in F. asiaticum. The FaSdhC1 or FaSdhC2 deletion mutants exhibited substantial reductions in fungal growth, conidiation, virulence, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The FaSdhC1 expression was significantly induced by pydiflumetofen (PYD). The ΔFaSdhC1 mutant displayed hypersensitivity to SDHIs, whereas the ΔFaSdhC2 mutant exhibited resistance against most SDHIs. The transmembrane domains of FaSdhC1 are essential for regulating mycelial growth, virulence, and sensitivity to SDHIs. These findings provided valuable insights into how the two SdhC paralogues regulated the functional integrity of SDH, ROS homeostasis, and the sensitivity to SDHIs in phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyang Han
- Center of Pear Engineering Technology Research, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yabing Duan
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
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Li Y, Dai T, Tang Y, Wang Y, Wang X, Huang Z, Li F, Lu L, Miao J, Liu X. Inhibitory activity to Fusarium spp. and control potential for wheat Fusarium crown rot of a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor cyclobutrifluram. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2001-2010. [PMID: 38096203 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat Fusarium crown rot (FCR) is a serious problem primarily caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, a pathogenic agent known to produce mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol (DON). Cyclobutrifluram, a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor devised by Syngenta, has immense potential to control both nematodes and Fusarium diseases. However, its efficacy in combating Fusarium species, its ability to prevent and reverse the detrimental effects of FCR, and its impact on the production of DON by F. pseudograminearum are yet to be fully ascertained. RESULTS Cyclobutrifluram exhibited substantial inhibitory activity against Fusarium species, with half-maximal effective concentration values ranging from 0.0021-0.0647 μg mL-1 . It demonstrated significant inhibitory activity toward three developmental stages of F. pseudograminearum, F. graminearum and F. asiaticum. Furthermore, cyclobutrifluram showed both protective and curative activities against FCR and was rapidly absorbed by roots and transported to wheat stems and leaves. Cyclobutrifluram could also decrease DON production by F. pseudograminearum. CONCLUSION This investigation has revealed the potential of cyclobutrifluram as a formidable candidate fungicide, particularly in its ability to effectively combat FCR and other Fusarium-related ailments. This novel compound has exceptional pathogen-fighting capabilities, coupled with remarkable systemic translocation properties and a notable ability to reduce the production of DON. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tan Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yidong Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xixi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhongqiao Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Li
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Wen Z, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Shao W, Ma Z. Characterization of the fludioxonil and phenamacril dual resistant mutants of Fusarium graminearum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 200:105815. [PMID: 38582573 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is an important fungal pathogen causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and other cereal crops worldwide. Due to lack of resistant wheat cultivars, FHB control mainly relies on application of chemical fungicides. Both fludioxonil (a phenylpyrrole compound) and phenamacril (a cyanoacrylate fungicide) have been registered for controlling FHB in China, however, fludioxonil-resistant isolates of F. graminearum have been detected in field. To evaluate the potential risk of dual resistance of F. graminearum to both compounds, fludioxonil and phenamacril dual resistant (DR) mutants of F. graminearum were obtained via fungicide domestication in laboratory. Result showed that resistance of the DR mutants to both fludioxonil and phenamacril were genetically stable after sub-cultured for ten generations or stored at 4 °C for 30 days on fungicide-free PDA. Cross-resistance assay showed that the DR mutants remain sensitive to other groups of fungicides, including carbendazim, tebuconazole, pydiflumetofen, and fluazinam. In addition, the DR mutants exhibited defects in mycelia growth, conidiation, mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) production, and virulence Moreover, the DR mutants displayed increased sensitivity to osmotic stress. Sequencing results showed that amino acid point mutations S217L/T in the myosin I protein is responsible for phenamacril resistance in the DR mutants. Our results indicate that mutations leading to fludioxonil and phenamacril dual resistance could result in fitness cost for F. graminearum. Our results also suggest that the potential risk of F. graminearum developing resistance to both fludioxonil and phenamacril in field could be rather low, which provides scientific guidance in controlling FHB with fludioxonil and phenamacril.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyue Wen
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA
| | - Wenyong Shao
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Miao J, Li Y, Hu S, Li G, Gao X, Dai T, Liu X. Resistance risk, resistance mechanism and the effect on DON production of a new SDHI fungicide cyclobutrifluram in Fusarium graminearum. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 199:105795. [PMID: 38458689 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2024.105795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight in wheat is caused by Fusarium graminearum, resulting in significant yield losses and grain contamination with deoxynivalenol (DON), which poses a potential threat to animal health. Cyclobutrifluram, a newly developed succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, has shown excellent inhibition of Fusarium spp. However, the resistance risk of F. graminearum to cyclobutrifluram and the molecular mechanism of resistance have not been determined. In this study, we established the average EC50 of a range of F. graminearum isolates to cyclobutrifluram to be 0.0110 μg/mL. Six cyclobutrifluram-resistant mutants were obtained using fungicide adaptation. All mutants exhibited impaired fitness relative to their parental isolates. This was evident from measurements of mycelial growth, conidiation, conidial germination, virulence, and DON production. Interestingly, cyclobutrifluram did not seem to affect the DON production of either the sensitive isolates or the resistant mutants. Furthermore, a positive cross-resistance was observed between cyclobutrifluram and pydiflumetofen. These findings suggest that F. graminearum carries a moderate to high risk of developing resistance to cyclobutrifluram. Additionally, point mutations H248Y in FgSdhB and A73V in FgSdhC1 of F. graminearum were observed in the cyclobutrifluram-resistant mutants. Finally, an overexpression transformation assay and molecular docking indicated that FgSdhBH248Y or FgSdhC1A73V could confer resistance of F. graminearum to cyclobutrifluram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tan Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High-Efficiency Production, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China; Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing 100193, China.
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Sun H, Cai S, Deng Y, Cao S, Yang X, Lu Y, Li W, Chen H. Efficacy of cyclobutrifluram in controlling Fusarium crown rot of wheat and resistance risk of three Fusarium species to cyclobutrifluram. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 198:105723. [PMID: 38225078 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Cyclobutrifluram (TYMIRIUM® technology), a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, is currently being registered by SYNGENTA for controlling Fusarium crown rot (FCR) of wheat in China. The application of 15 or 30 g of active ingredient/100 kg seed of cyclobutrifluram significantly reduced pre-emergence damping-off, discoloration on the stem base and formation of whiteheads caused by FCR. The EC50 values of cyclobutrifluram for 60 isolates of F. pseudograminearum, 30 isolates of F. asiaticum and 30 isolates of F. graminearum ranged from 0.016 to 0.142 mg L-1, 0.010 to 0.041 mg L-1 and 0.012 to 0.059 mg L-1, respectively. One hundred and seven cyclobutrifluram-resistant (CR) mutants were obtained from three Fusarium species isolates, with ten types of mutations identified in Sdh genes. Three Fusarium species isolates exhibited similar resistance mechanisms, with the most prevalent mutations, SdhC1A83V and SdhC1R86K, accounting for 61.68% of mutants. The CR mutants possessed comparable or slightly impaired fitness compared to the corresponding parental isolates. The CR mutants carrying FpSdhBH248Y/Q/D exhibited increased sensitivity to fluopyram. An overall moderate risk of resistance development in three Fusarium species was recommended for cyclobutrifluram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shiyan Cai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyu Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shulin Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanteng Lu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
| | - Huaigu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China.
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Sun H, Cai S, Liu H, Li X, Deng Y, Yang X, Cao S, Li W, Chen H. FgSdhC Paralog Confers Natural Resistance toward SDHI Fungicides in Fusarium graminearum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:20643-20653. [PMID: 38108286 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum exhibited natural resistance to a majority of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (SDHIs) and the molecular mechanisms responsible for the natural resistance were still unknown. Succinate dehydrogenase subunit C (SdhC) is an essential gene for maintaining succinate-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (SQR) function in fungi. In F. graminearum, a paralog of FgSdhC named as FgSdhC1 was identified. Based on RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR assay, we found that the expression level of FgSdhC1 was very low but upregulated by SDHIs treatment. Based on reverse genetics, we demonstrated that FgSdhC1 was an inessential gene in normal growth but was sufficient for maintaining SQR function and conferred natural resistance or reduced sensitivity toward SDHIs. Additionally, we found that the standard F. graminearum isolate PH-1 had high sensitivity to a majority of SDHIs. A single nucleotide variation (C to T) in the FgSdhC1 of isolate PH-1, resulting in a premature termination codon (TAA) replacing the fourth amino acid glutamine (Q), led to the failure of FgSdhC1 to perform functions of conferring nature resistance. These results established that a dispensable paralogous gene determined SDHIs resistance in natural populations of F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Sun
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
| | - Shiyan Cai
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huiquan Liu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xinlei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuanyu Deng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaoyue Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shulin Cao
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huaigu Chen
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China
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Moonjely S, Ebert M, Paton-Glassbrook D, Noel ZA, Roze L, Shay R, Watkins T, Trail F. Update on the state of research to manage Fusarium head blight. Fungal Genet Biol 2023; 169:103829. [PMID: 37666446 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2023.103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating diseases of cereal crops, causing severe reduction in yield and quality of grain worldwide. In the United States, the major causal agent of FHB is the mycotoxigenic fungus, Fusarium graminearum. The contamination of grain with mycotoxins, including deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, is a particularly serious concern due to its impact on the health of humans and livestock. For the past few decades, multidisciplinary studies have been conducted on management strategies designed to reduce the losses caused by FHB. However, effective management is still challenging due to the emergence of fungicide-tolerant strains of F. graminearum and the lack of highly resistant wheat and barley cultivars. This review presents multidisciplinary approaches that incorporate advances in genomics, genetic-engineering, new fungicide chemistries, applied biocontrol, and consideration of the disease cycle for management of FHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Moonjely
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Malaika Ebert
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Drew Paton-Glassbrook
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Zachary A Noel
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Ludmila Roze
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Rebecca Shay
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Tara Watkins
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Frances Trail
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA; Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
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Kong W, Li N, Lai J, Sun S, Li S. Antifungal Function Oriented Scaffold Hopping for the Discovery of Oxazolyl-oxazoline as a Novel Model against Fusarium graminearum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:18260-18269. [PMID: 37756692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of novel structural models is extremely important in agrochemical innovation. Scaffold hopping was conducted, and 16 kinds of novel models were synthesized and biologically evaluated. Oxazolyl-oxazoline 25 showed a promising in vitro potential against Fusarium graminearum with EC50 value of 18.25 μM, which was 2.4 times more potent than that of carbendazim (EC50 = 43.06 μM). The antifungal structure-activity relationship (SAR) revealed that compound 25am had the most promising antifungal activity against F. graminearum, with an EC50 value of 13.46 μM, which was 3.2 more potent than that of carbendazim. Different from carbendazim, the candidate 25am could form five hydrogen bonds with the amino acid residues in β-tubulin in the molecular docking and could effectively inhibit the carbendazim-resistant F. graminearum strain. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that compound 25am induced the mycelia of F. graminearum slight collapse. This work suggests that compound 25am should be prioritized for further evaluation for new antifungal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Kong
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Nannan Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jixing Lai
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shengxin Sun
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Shengkun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Li Y, Wang Y, Li X, Fan H, Gao X, Peng Q, Li F, Lu L, Miao J, Liu X. Resistant risk and resistance-related point mutation in SdhC 1 of pydiflumetofen in Fusarium pseudograminearum. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:4197-4207. [PMID: 37326415 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium pseudograminearum is one of the dominant pathogens of Fusarium crown rot (FCR) worldwide. Unfortunately, no fungicides have yet been registered for the control of FCR in wheat in China. Pydiflumetofen, a new-generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, exhibits excellent inhibitory activity to Fusarium spp. A resistance risk assessment of F. pseudograminearum to pydiflumetofen and the resistance mechanism involved have not yet been investigated. RESULTS The median effective concentration (EC50 ) value of 103 F. pseudograminearum isolates to pydiflumetofen was 0.0162 μg mL-1 , and the sensitivity exhibited a unimodal distribution. Four resistant mutants were generated by fungicide adaption, which possessed similar or impaired fitness compared to corresponding parental isolates based on the results of mycelial growth, conidiation, conidium germination rate, and virulence determination. Pydiflumetofen showed strong positive cross-resistance with cyclobutrifluram and fluopyram but no cross-resistance with carbendazim, phenamacril, tebuconazole, fludioxonil, or pyraclostrobin. Sequence alignment revealed that pydiflumetofen-resistant F. pseudograminearum mutants had two single-point mutations of A83V or R86K in FpSdhC1 . Molecular docking further confirmed that point mutation of A83V or R86K in FpSdhC1 could confer resistance of F. pseudograminearum to pydiflumetofen. CONCLUSION Fusarium pseudograminearum shows an overall moderate risk of developing resistance to pydiflumetofen, and point mutation FpSdhC1 A83V or FpSdhC1 R86K could confer pydiflumetofen resistance in F. pseudograminearum. This study provided vital data for monitoring the emergence of resistance and developing resistance management strategies for pydiflumetofen. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hengjun Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Plant Protection and Development, Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Department of Plant Protection and Development, Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Liu Y, Sun Y, Bai Y, Cheng X, Li H, Chen X, Chen Y. Study on Mechanisms of Resistance to SDHI Fungicide Pydiflumetofen in Fusarium fujikuroi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:14330-14341. [PMID: 37729092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Rice bakaenii disease (RBD) is a widespread and devastating disease mainly caused by Fusarium fujikuroi. Pydiflumetofen (Pyd) is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) with strong inhibitory activity against F. fujikuroi, but the mechanism of resistance to Pyd has not been well studied for this pathogen. Through fungicide adaption, a total of 12 Pyd-resistant mutants were obtained and the resistance level could be divided into three categories of high resistance (HR), moderate resistance (MR), and low resistance (LR) with resistance factors (RF) of 184.04-672.90, 12.63-42.49, and <10, respectively. Seven genotypes of point mutations in FfSdh genes (FfSdhBH248L, FfSdhBH248D, FfSdhBH248Y, FfSdhC2A83V, FfSdhC2H144Y, FfSdhDS106F, and FfSdhDE166K) were found in these mutants, among which genotype FfSdhBH248L and FfSdhC2A83V mutants showed HR, genotype FfSdhBH248D, FfSdhBH248Y, FfSdhC2H144Y, and FfSdhDE166K mutants showed MR, and genotype FfSdhDS106F mutants showed LR. Moreover, all the substitutions of amino acid point mutations including FfSdhBH248L/D/Y, FfSdhC2A83V,H144Y, and FfSdhDS106F,E166K conferring resistance to Pyd in F. fujikuroi were verified by protoplast transformation. Additionally, a positive cross-resistance was detected between Pyd and another SDHI fungicide penflufen, while no cross-resistance was detected between Pyd and phenamacril, prochloraz, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, or fludioxonil. Although pathogenicity of the mutants was increased compared with that of the wild-type parental strains, the mycelial growth rate and spore production levels of the resistant mutants were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), indicating significant fitness cost of resistance to Pyd in F. fujikuroi. Taken together, the risk of resistance to Pyd in F. fujikuroi might be moderate, and appropriate precautions against resistance development in natural populations should be taken into account when Pyd is used for the control of RBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yang Bai
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Xing Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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Zhou F, Cui YX, Zhou YD, Duan ST, Wang ZY, Xia ZH, Hu HY, Liu RQ, Li CW. Baseline Pydiflumetofen Sensitivity of Fusarium pseudograminearum Isolates Collected from Henan, China, and Potential Resistance Mechanisms. PLANT DISEASE 2023; 107:2417-2423. [PMID: 36691280 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-22-1852-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium crown rot (FCR), caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum, is one of the most important diseases impacting wheat production in the Huanghuai region, the most important wheat-growing region of China. The current study found that the SDHI fungicide pydiflumetofen, which was recently developed by Syngenta Crop Protection, provided effective control of 67 wild-type F. pseudograminearum isolates in potato dextrose agar, with an average EC50 value of 0.060 ± 0.0098 μg/ml (SE). Further investigation revealed that the risk of fungicide resistance in pydiflumetofen was medium to high. Four F. pseudograminearum mutants generated by repeated exposure to pydiflumetofen under laboratory conditions indicated that pydiflumetofen resistance was associated with fitness penalties. Mutants exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) reduced sporulation in mung bean broth and significantly (P < 0.05) reduced pathogenicity in wheat seedlings. Sequence analysis indicated that the observed pydiflumetofen resistance of the mutants was likely associated with amino acid changes in the different subunits of the succinate dehydrogenase target protein, including R18L and V160M substitutions in the FpSdhA sequence; D69V, D147G, and C257R in FpSdhB; and W78R in FpSdhC. This study found no evidence of cross-resistance between pydiflumetofen and the alternative fungicides tebuconazole, fludioxonil, carbendazim, or fluazinam, which all have distinct modes of action and could therefore be used in combination or rotation with pydiflumetofen to reduce the risk of resistance emerging in the field. Taken together, these results indicate that pydiflumetofen has potential as a novel fungicide for the control of FCR caused by F. pseudograminearum and could therefore be of great significance in ensuring high and stable wheat yields in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Pesticide Residue Monitoring by Intelligent Sensor, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ye-Xian Cui
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Pesticide Residue Monitoring by Intelligent Sensor, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yu-Dong Zhou
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Pesticide Residue Monitoring by Intelligent Sensor, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Si-Tong Duan
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Pesticide Residue Monitoring by Intelligent Sensor, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zi-Yi Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Pesticide Residue Monitoring by Intelligent Sensor, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Zhi-Hao Xia
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Pesticide Residue Monitoring by Intelligent Sensor, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Hai-Yan Hu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Run-Qiang Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Pesticide Residue Monitoring by Intelligent Sensor, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Cheng-Wei Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
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12
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Xue Z, Zhong S, Shen J, Sun Y, Gao X, Wang X, Li F, Lu L, Liu X. Multiple Mutations in SDHB and SDHC 2 Subunits Confer Resistance to the Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Cyclobutrifluram in Fusarium fujikuroi. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3694-3704. [PMID: 36802617 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium fujikuroi is one of the dominant phytopathogenic fungi causing rice bakanae disease worldwide. Cyclobutrifluram is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), which shows strong inhibitory activity against F. fujikuroi. The baseline sensitivity of 112 F. fujikuroi to cyclobutrifluram was determinated with a mean EC50 value of 0.025 μg/mL. A total of 17 resistant mutants were obtained by fungicide adaptation and displayed equal or slightly weaker fitness than parental isolates, which suggests that the resistance risk of F. fujikuroi to cyclobutrifluram is medium. A positive cross-resistance was detected between cyclobutrifluram and fluopyram. The amino acid substitutions H248L/Y of FfSdhB and G80R or A83V of FfSdhC2 conferred cyclobutrifluram resistance in F. fujikuroi, which was validated by molecular docking and protoplast transformation. The results indicate that the affinity between cyclobutrifluram and FfSdhs obviously decreased after point mutations, causing the resistance of F. fujikuroi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Xue
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan Zhong
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghuan Shen
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Sun
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712110, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Syngenta (China) Investment Company, Limited, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Lu
- Syngenta (China) Investment Company, Limited, Shanghai 200120, People's Republic of China
| | - Xili Liu
- China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712110, People's Republic of China
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UDP-Galactopyranose Mutase Mediates Cell Wall Integrity, Polarity Growth, and Virulence in Fusarium graminearum. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0123522. [PMID: 36656025 PMCID: PMC9972967 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01235-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
CHY1 is a zinc finger protein unique to microorganisms that was found to regulate polarized tip growth in Fusarium graminearum, an important pathogen of wheat and barley. To further characterize its functions, in this study we identified CHY1-interacting proteins by affinity purification and selected UDP-galactofuranose (Galf) mutase (UGMA) for detailed characterization, because UGMA and UDP-Galf are unique to fungi and bacteria and absent in plants and animals. The interaction between CHY1 and UGMA was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid assays. Deletion of UGMA in F. graminearum resulted in significant defects in vegetative growth, reproduction, cell wall integrity, and pathogenicity. Infection with the ΔugmA mutant was restricted to the inoculated floret, and no vomitoxin was detected in kernels inoculated with the ΔugmA strain. Compared to the wild type, the ΔugmA mutant produced wide, highly branched hyphae with thick walls, as visualized by transmission electron microscopy. UGMA tagged with green fluorescent protein (GFP) mainly localized to the cytoplasm, consistent with the synthesis of Galf in the cytoplasm. The Δchy1 mutant was more sensitive, while the ΔugmA mutant was more tolerant, to cell wall-degrading enzymes. The growth of the ΔugmA mutant nearly ceased upon caspofungin treatment. More interestingly, nocodazole treatment of the ΔugmA strain attenuated its highly branched morphology, while caspofungin inhibited the degree of the twisted Δchy1 mycelia, indicating that CHY1 and UGMA probably have opposite effects on cell wall architecture. In conclusion, UGMA is an important pathogenic factor that is specific to fungi and bacteria and required for cell wall architecture, radial growth, and caspofungin tolerance, and it appears to be a promising target for antifungal agent development. IMPORTANCE The long-term use of chemical pesticides has had increasingly negative impacts on the ecological environment and human health. Low-toxicity, high-efficiency and environmentally friendly alternative pesticides are of great significance for maintaining the sustainable development of agriculture and human and environmental health. Using fungus- or microbe-specific genes as candidate targets provides a good foundation for the development of low-toxicity, environmentally friendly pesticides. In this study, we characterized a fungus- and bacterium-specific UDP-galactopyranose mutase gene, ugmA, that contributes to the synthesis of the cell wall component Galf and is required for vegetative growth, cell wall integrity, deoxynivalenol (DON) production, and pathogenicity in F. graminearum. The ugmA deletion mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to caspofungin. These results demonstrate the functional importance of UGMA in F. graminearum, and its absence from mammals and higher plants constitutes a considerable advantage as a low-toxicity target for the development of new anti-Fusarium agents.
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14
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Li Y, Tang Y, Xue Z, Wang Y, Shi Y, Gao X, Li X, Li G, Li F, Lu L, Miao J, Liu X. Resistance Risk and Resistance-Related Point Mutation in SdhB and SdhC 1 of Cyclobutrifluram in Fusarium pseudograminearum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:1886-1895. [PMID: 36657474 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cyclobutrifluram is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) developed by Syngenta and helps to inhibit Fusarium pseudograminearum. Here, the potential for cyclobutrifluram resistance in F. pseudograminearum and the resistance mechanism involved were evaluated. Baseline sensitivity of F. pseudograminearum to cyclobutrifluram was determined with a mean EC50 value of 0.0248 μg/mL. Fungicide adaption generated five resistant mutants, which possess a comparable or a slightly impaired fitness compared to corresponding parental isolates. This indicates that the resistance risk of F. pseudograminearum to cyclobutrifluram might be moderate. Cyclobutrifluram-resistant isolates also demonstrated resistance to pydiflumetofen but sensitivity to carbendazim, phenamacril, tebuconazole, fludioxonil, or pyraclostrobin. Additionally, point mutations H248Y in FpSdhB and A83V or R86K in FpSdhC1 were found in cyclobutrifluram-resistant F. pseudograminearum mutants. Molecular docking and overexpression transformation assay revealed that FpSdhBH248Y and FpSdhC1A83V or FpSdhC1R86K confer the resistance of F. pseudograminearum to cyclobutrifluram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Yidong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Ziwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Yifei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Xuheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Guixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Feng Li
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd., 567 Bocheng Road, Shanghai200120, China
| | - Liang Lu
- Syngenta (China) Investment Co., Ltd., 567 Bocheng Road, Shanghai200120, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling712100, ShaanxiChina
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, 2 Yuanmingyuanxi Road, Beijing100193, China
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15
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Zhou F, Zhou HH, Han AH, Guo KY, Liu TC, Wu YB, Hu HY, Li CW. Mechanism of Pydiflumetofen Resistance in Fusarium graminearum in China. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 9:jof9010062. [PMID: 36675883 PMCID: PMC9866472 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB), which is primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum, is a widespread and devastating disease of wheat. In the absence of resistant varieties, the control of FHB relies heavily on the application of fungicides, and the new generation SDHI fungicide, pydiflumetofen, has recently been registered in China for the control of FHB in wheat. The current study explored three genetically stable, highly resistant laboratory mutants (S2-4-2R, S27-3R, and S28-2R, with EC50 values of 25.10, 28.57, and 19.22 μg/mL, respectively) to investigate the potential risks associated with pydiflumetofen resistance. Although the mycelial growth of the mutants differed little compared to their parental isolates, the study found that the resistant mutants exhibited significantly reduced (p < 0.05) levels of sporulation and pathogenicity, which suggests a significant fitness cost associated with pydiflumetofen resistance in F. graminearum. Sequence analysis of the Sdh target protein identified numerous amino acid substitutions in the predicted sequences of the four subunits: FgSdhA, FgSdhB, FgSdhC, and FgSdhD. Indeed, the mutants were found to have a series of substitution in multiple subunits such that all three exhibited five identical changes, including Y182F in the FgSdhA subunit; H53Q, C90S, and A94V in FgSdhB; and S31F in FgSdhC. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed that all of the FgSdh genes had significantly altered expression (p < 0.05), particularly FgSdhA and FgdhC, which exhibited remarkably low levels of expression. However, the study found no evidence of cross-resistance between pydiflumetofen and tebuconazole, fludioxonil, prochloraz, fluazinam, carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, or difenoconazole, which indicates that these fungicides, either in rotation or combination with pydiflumetofen, could mitigate the risk of resistance emerging and provide ongoing control of FHB to ensure high and stable wheat yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhou
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Postdoctoral Research Base, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Pesticide Residue Monitoring by Intelligent Sensor, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Huan-Huan Zhou
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Pesticide Residue Monitoring by Intelligent Sensor, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Ao-Hui Han
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Pesticide Residue Monitoring by Intelligent Sensor, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Kou-Yun Guo
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Pesticide Residue Monitoring by Intelligent Sensor, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Tian-Cheng Liu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Pesticide Residue Monitoring by Intelligent Sensor, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Yan-Bing Wu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation and Pesticide Residue Monitoring by Intelligent Sensor, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.W.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Hai-Yan Hu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.W.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-W.L.)
| | - Cheng-Wei Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing/Henan International Joint Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement and Soil Remediation, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.-B.W.); (H.-Y.H.); (C.-W.L.)
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16
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Wang X, Chai J, Gu Y, Zhang D, Meng F, Si X, Yang C, Xue W. Expedient Discovery for Novel Antifungal Leads Inhibiting Fusarium graminearum: 3-(Phenylamino)quinazolin-4(3 H)-ones Deriving from Systematic Optimizations on a Tryptanthrin Structure. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13165-13175. [PMID: 36194787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The ever-increasing resistance of Fusarium graminearum has emerged as a pressing agricultural issue that could be settled by developing novel fungicides owning inimitable action mechanisms. With the aim of discovering novel antifungal leads inhibiting F. graminearum, a tryptanthrin structure was dexterously optimized to generate 30 novel quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives. The aforementioned optimization generated the molecule C17 that owned exhilarating in vitro anti-F. graminearum effect (EC50 value = 0.76 μg/mL). Whereafter, the in vivo anti-F. graminearum preventative efficacy of the molecule C17 was measured to be 59.5% at 200 μg/mL, which was approximately comparable with that of carbendazim (64.9%). Furthermore, morphological observations indicated that the molecule C17 could cause the hypha to become slender and dense, distort the outline of cell walls, induce an increase in liposome numbers, and cause the reduction of mitochondria numbers. The above results have emerged as an obbligato complement for developing novel antifungal leads that could effectively control Fusarium head blight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jianqi Chai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yifei Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Di Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Fei Meng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xinxin Si
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Chunlong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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17
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Liu S, Ma J, Jiang B, Yang G, Guo M. Functional characterization of MoSdhB in conferring resistance to pydiflumetofen in blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4018-4027. [PMID: 35645253 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice (Oryza sativa) is an important cereal crop around the world, and has constantly been threaten by the most destructive fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. Pydiflumetofen, a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), is currently being used for controlling various fungal diseases. However, the potential resistance risk of M. oryzae to pydiflumetofen has remained unclear to date, and finding the resistance mechanism is critical for the usage of this fungicide. RESULTS The M. oryzae strain Guy11 is sensitive to pydiflumetofen, with EC50 value of 1.24 μg mL-1 . 58 pydiflumetofen-resistant (PR) mutants were obtained through pydiflumetofen-induced spontaneous mutation, with a mean EC50 value >500 μg mL -1 , and the resistance factor (RF) >400. The PR mutants displayed positive cross-resistance to carboxin, but were more sensitive to fluopyram. Sequencing analysis showed that all PR mutants presented a cytosine-to-thymine transition at nucleotide position +1218, resulting in a replacement of histidine 245 by tyrosine (H245Y) on MoSdhB. The mutation of MoSdhB exhibited strong resistant phenotype, but no detectable growth deficits in fungal development, including vegetative growth and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. An allele-specific PCR for rapid detection of the H245Y mutants was established in M. oryzae. CONCLUSION The M. oryzae is sensitive to pydiflumetofen, and shows a medium to high resistance risk to pydiflumetofen. A point mutation of MoSdhB (H245Y) is responsible for the fungal resistance to pydiflumetofen in M. oryzae. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ji Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Bingxin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Guogen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei, China
- College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
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18
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Diversity and Exploration of Endophytic Bacilli for the Management of Head Scab ( Fusarium graminearum) of Wheat. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11101088. [PMID: 36297145 PMCID: PMC9609341 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11101088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum causing head scab (HS) or head blight (HB) disease in wheat is one of the nasty fungi reported to cause significant grain quality and yield loss. Biological control using endophytic bacteria has emerged as a prospective option for containing fungal diseases in an environmentally benevolent, durable, and sustainable manner. In this regard, 112 endophytic bacilli were isolated from the anthesis stage (Zadok’s growth stage 65) from five different wheat genotypes with an aim to identify prospective antagonistic strains against F. graminearum. The molecular identity of the strains was confirmed by matching 16S rRNA sequences of bacterial strains with the gene sequences of type strains available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database and reported 38 different species of Bacillus in all the five wheat cultivars. Further, it has been observed that only fourteen strains (B. clarus NOK09, B. mojavensis NOK16, B. subtilis NOK33, B. rugosus NOK47, B. mojavensis NOK52, B. clarus NOK59, B. coahuilensis NOK72, B. cabrialesii NOK78, B. cabrialesii NOK82, B. rugosus NOK85, B. amyloliquefaciens NOK89, B. australimaris NOK95, B. pumilus NOK103, and B. amyloliquefaciens NOK109) displayed in-vitro antagonistic effect against Fusarium graminearum fungus. Furthermore, the three endophytic Bacillus strains showing the strongest antagonistic effect (>70% of growth inhibition of fungal mycelium) under in-vitro antagonistic assay were selected for field experiments. In a two-year consecutive field study, a combination of three strains (B. clarus NOK09 + B. subtilis NOK33 + B. amyloliquefaciens NOK109) displayed a remarkable reduction in HS disease index by 81.47% and 77.85%, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction assay detected three genes (ituD, bmyC, and srfA) involved in antibiotic biosynthesis pathways. Additional attributes such as potassium solubilization, siderophore release, and hydrolytic enzyme (protease, lipase, amylase, chitinase, and pectinase) synthesis have been observed in these strains. Overall, the present study was successful in profiling endophytic bacilli and selecting the combination of effective antagonistic endophytic Bacillus strains that could be the best alternative for the sustainable and ecological sound management of HS disease in wheat under field conditions.
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Tang X, Yangjing G, Zhuoma G, Guo X, Cao P, Yi B, Wang W, Ji D, Pasquali M, Baccelli I, Migheli Q, Chen X, Cernava T. Biological characterization and in vitro fungicide screenings of a new causal agent of wheat Fusarium head blight in Tibet, China. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:941734. [PMID: 35992662 PMCID: PMC9389214 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.941734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important cereal crop, widely grown throughout the temperate zones, and also suitable for cultivation at higher elevations. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a highly destructive disease of wheat throughout the globe. In July 2020, serious wheat FHB symptoms were observed in open fields located in Linzhi City, southeast of Tibet, China. The causal agent was identified as Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc. by amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) gene, and RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB-2) gene, as well as by morphological characterization. Koch’s postulates were confirmed by a pathogenicity test on healthy spikes, including re-isolation and identification. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. avenaceum causing FHB on wheat in Tibet, China. Moreover, to determine pathogen characteristics that may be useful for future disease management, the utilization of different carbon and nitrogen resources, temperature, light, and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on mycelium growth and conidia germination were studied. Soluble starch and peptone were the best carbon, and nitrogen source for the pathogen respectively. The optimal temperatures for the pathogen’s mycelium growth and conidia germination were 15–20°C, matching the average temperature during the growing season in Linzhi (Tibet). Meanwhile, alternating 8-h light and 16-h dark was shown to be conducive to mycelia growth, and complete darkness facilitated conidia germination. In addition, UV Irradiation of 48 MJ/cm2, approximately 100 times of the local condition, did not inhibit the germination of conidia. Furthermore, in vitro screening of effective fungicides was conducted. Among the seven tested pesticides, carbendazim showed the best inhibition rate, with an EC50 (concentration for 50% of maximal effect) value of 2.1 mg/L. Propiconazole also showed sufficient inhibitory effects against F. avenaceum, with an EC50 value of 2.6 mg/L. The study provides insights into the newly identified causal agent of wheat FHB in Tibet, China, as well as first pathogen characteristics and promising candidate substances for its management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Tang
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guiyang, China
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Gongsang Yangjing
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guiyang, China
| | - Gusang Zhuoma
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Guo
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Pengxi Cao
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Benlin Yi
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guiyang, China
| | - Wumei Wang
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - De Ji
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Matias Pasquali
- DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Baccelli
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento Di Agraria and NRD - Nucleo di Ricerca sulla Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Xiaoyulong Chen
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guiyang, China
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoyulong Chen,
| | - Tomislav Cernava
- College of Agriculture, College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- International Jointed Institute of Plant Microbial Ecology and Resource Management in Guizhou University, Ministry of Agriculture, China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Guiyang, China
- Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Tomislav Cernava,
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20
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Shao W, Wang J, Wang H, Wen Z, Liu C, Zhang Y, Zhao Y, Ma Z. Fusarium graminearum FgSdhC1 point mutation A78V confers resistance to the succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor pydiflumetofen. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1780-1788. [PMID: 35014167 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum complex (Fg) is a devastating disease of cereal crops worldwide. The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor, pydiflumetofen, was registered for management of FHB in China in 2019. Previously, laboratory-induced pydiflumetofen-resistant (PyR) mutants of Fg have been characterized. However, resistance situation of Fg to pydiflumetofen in the field remains largely unknown. RESULTS After screening 6468 isolates of Fg from various regions of China, six PyR isolates were identified. All six resistant isolates exhibited no fitness penalties based on mycelial growth, conidiation and virulence. However, no cross-resistance between pydiflumetofen and azoxystrobin, tebuconazole or fludioxonil in Fg was detected. Genome-sequencing revealed that all six PyR isolates contained a point mutation A78V in FgSdhC1 (FgSdhC1A78V ). Genetic replacement assay further confirmed that FgSdhC1A78V conferred resistance of Fg to pydiflumetofen. Based on this, a mismatch allele-specific polymerase chain reaction was developed for rapidly detecting the PyR isolates containing the FgSdhC1A78V mutation in Fg. CONCLUSION This is the first time that resistance of Fg to pydiflumetofen in the field was reported and point mutation FgSdhC1A78V conferring resistance of Fg to pydiflumetofen was confirmed. This study provides critical information for monitoring and managing pydiflumetofen resistance in Fg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jingrui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Huiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ziyue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Crop Protection, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forest University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Youfu Zhao
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Zhonghua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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21
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Li X, Gao X, Hu S, Hao X, Li G, Chen Y, Liu Z, Li Y, Miao J, Gu B, Liu X. Resistance to pydiflumetofen in Botrytis cinerea: risk assessment and detection of point mutations in sdh genes that confer resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1448-1456. [PMID: 34927349 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers. is one of the most significant airborne diseases. It can infest a wide range of crops, causing significant losses in yield and quality worldwide. Pydiflumetofen, a new generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI), is currently being registered in China to control gray mold in a variety of crops. The baseline sensitivity, resistance risk, and resistance mechanism of Botrytis cinerea to pydiflumetofen were assessed in this study. RESULTS A total of 138 strains of B. cinerea from 10 different regions were tested for their sensitivity to pydiflumetofen, and the mean EC50 value was 0.0056 μg mL-1 . Eight mutants were obtained by fungicide adaption from five sensitive parental isolates, and the resistance factor (RF) ranged from 51 to 135. The mutants exhibited strong adaptive traits in conidial production, conidial germination, and pathogenicity. Positive cross-resistance was only observed between other SDHIs (i.e. boscalid, fluopyram, and isopyrazam). Two different types of pydiflumetofen-resistant mutants were identified: point mutation P225L in sdhB and double mutation G85A and I93V in sdhC. The in vivo control efficacy of pydiflumetofen on the resistant mutants carrying P225L in sdhB as well as G85A and I93V in sdhC was significantly decreased to 52.62% and 32.27%, respectively. CONCLUSION The fitness was significantly higher for all pydiflumetofen-resistant mutants than the corresponding parental. Two types of point mutations, sdhB-P225L and sdhC-G85A and I93V, might confer resistance to pydiflumetofen in B. cinerea. A precautionary resistance management strategy should be implemented. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuheng Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shiping Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xinchang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Guixiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zeqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yiwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianqiang Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Biao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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22
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Luo B, Ning Y. Comprehensive Overview of Carboxamide Derivatives as Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:957-975. [PMID: 35041423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c06654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Up to now, a total of 24 succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) fungicides have been commercialized, and SDHIs fungicides were also one of the most active fungicides developed in recent years. Carboxamide derivatives represented an important class of SDHIs with broad spectrum of antifungal activities. In this review, the development of carboxamide derivatives as SDHIs with great significances were summarized. In addition, the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of antifungal activities of carboxamide derivatives as SDHIs was also summarized based on the analysis of the structures of the commercial SDHIs and lead compounds. Moreover, the cause of resistance of SDHIs and some solutions were also introduced. Finally, the development trend of SDHIs fungicides was prospected. We hope this review will give a guide for the development of novel SDHIs fungicides in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Yuli Ning
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Tea Plant Biology Key Laboratory of Henan Province, Xinyang 464000, China
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23
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Edwards SG. Pydiflumetofen Co-Formulated with Prothioconazole: A Novel Fungicide for Fusarium Head Blight and Deoxynivalenol Control. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14010034. [PMID: 35051011 PMCID: PMC8778507 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is an important disease of small grain cereals worldwide, resulting in reduced yield and quality as well as the contamination of harvested grains with mycotoxins. The key mycotoxin of concern is deoxynivalenol (DON), which has legislative and advisory limits in numerous countries. Cereal growers have a number of control options for FHB including rotation, cultivation, and varietal resistance; however, growers are still reliant on fungicides applied at flowering as part of an IPM program. Fungicides currently available to control FHB are largely restricted to triazole chemistry. This study conducted three field experiments to compare a new co-formulation of pydiflumetofen (a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) with the tradename ADEPIDYN™) and prothioconazole (a triazole) against current standard fungicides at various timings (flag leaf fully emerged, mid-head emergence, early flowering, and late flowering) for the control of FHB and DON. Overall, the co-formulation showed greater efficacy compared to either pydiflumetofen alone or current fungicide chemistry. This greater activity was demonstrated over a wide range of spray timings (flag leaf fully emerged to late flowering). The availability of an SDHI with good activity against FHB and the resulting DON contamination of harvested grain will give growers an additional tool within an IPM program that will provide a greater flexibility of spray application windows and reduce fungicide resistance selection pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon G Edwards
- Crop and Environmental Sciences, Harper Adams University, Newport TF10 8NB, UK
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24
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Gao T, Zhang Y, Shi J, Mohamed SR, Xu J, Liu X. The Antioxidant Guaiacol Exerts Fungicidal Activity Against Fungal Growth and Deoxynivalenol Production in Fusarium graminearum. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:762844. [PMID: 34867894 PMCID: PMC8634675 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.762844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The main component of creosote obtained from dry wood distillation—guaiacol—is a natural antioxidant that has been widely used in pharmaceutical and food preservation applications. However, the antifungal mechanism of guaiacol against phytopathogens remains unclear. In this study, we found that guaiacol exerts inhibitory effects against mycelial growth, conidial formation and germination, and deoxynivalenol (DON) biosynthesis in Fusarium graminearum in a dose-dependent manner. The median effective concentration (EC50) value of guaiacol for the standard F. graminearum strain PH-1 was 1.838 mM. Guaiacol strongly inhibited conidial production and germination. The antifungal effects of guaiacol may be attributed to its capability to cause damage to the cell membrane by disrupting Ca2+ transport channels. In addition, the decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity by guaiacol treatment indicate that guaiacol displays activity against DON production by modulating the oxidative response in F. graminearum. Taken together, this study revealed the potentials of antioxidant in inhibiting mycotoxins in F. graminearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- School of Food Science And Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jianrong Shi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sherif Ramzy Mohamed
- Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminant, National Research Centre of Egypt, Giza, Egypt
| | - Jianhong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Control Technology and Standard for Agro-Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory for Agro-Product Safety Risk Evaluation (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China.,School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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25
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Li S, Li X, Zhang H, Wang Z, Xu H. The research progress in and perspective of potential fungicides: Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 50:116476. [PMID: 34757244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have become one of the fastest growing classes of new fungicides since entering the market, and have attracted increasing attention as a result of their unique structure, high activity and broad fungicidal spectrum. The mechanism of SDHIs is to inhibit the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, thereby affecting mitochondrial respiration and ultimately killing pathogenic fungi. At present, they have become popular varieties researched and developed by major pesticide companies in the world. In the review, we focused on the mechanism, the history, the representative varieties, structure-activity relationship and resistance of SDHIs. Finally, the potential directions for the development of SDHIs were discussed. It is hoped that this review can strengthen the individuals' understanding of SDHIs and provide some inspiration for the development of new fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Xiangshuai Li
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China
| | - Zishi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China.
| | - Hongliang Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Pesticide of Heilongjiang Province, College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, 150080 Harbin, China.
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Chen W, Wei L, Li X, Ma H, Lou T, Zhang P, Zheng H, Zhu X, Zhang Y, Liu F, Chen C, Yang G. Point Mutations in FgSdhC2 or in the 5' Untranslated Region of FgSdhC1 Confer Resistance to a Novel Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Flubeneteram in Fusarium graminearum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:13006-13019. [PMID: 34723519 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium graminearum is one of the phytopathogenic fungi causing cereal fusarium head blight worldwide. Flubeneteram (Flu) is a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) which exhibits strong fungicidal activity against F. graminearum. In this study, four Flu-resistant (FluR) mutants were generated by fungicide domestication from the wildtype strain PH-1. Sequencing alignment results of FgSdh from PH-1 and FluR mutants showed that all the mutations could be categorized into three resistant genotypes. Genotype I had an A-to-T mutation at the -57 bp of the 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) of FgSdhC1, while genotypes II and III carried nonsynonymous mutations conferring T77I or R86C in FgSdhC2, respectively. All the mutations conferring the Flu resistance and causing fitness penalty were validated. The genotype I mutant showed high Flu-resistance, while genotype II and III mutants exhibited low Flu resistance. Additionally, all the FluR genotypes showed distinct cross-resistance patterns among the five SDHIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchan Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Lingling Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongyu Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiancheng Lou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Pengcheng Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanhuan Zheng
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079 Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Fengquan Liu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Changjun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangfu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079 Hubei, China
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Zhou F, Cui YX, Ma YH, Wang JY, Hu HY, Li SW, Zhang FL, Li CW. Investigating the Potential Mechanism of Pydiflumetofen Resistance in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3580-3585. [PMID: 33934629 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-21-0455-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The necrotrophic pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is one of the most damaging and economically important plant pathogens. Pydiflumetofen, which was developed by Syngenta Crop Protection, has already been registered in China for the management of Sclerotinia stem rot, which was caused by S. sclerotiorum in oilseed rape. In an attempt to preempt and forestall the development of resistance to this useful fungicide, the current study was initiated to investigate the potential mechanism of resistance in laboratory mutants. Five pydiflumetofen-resistant S. sclerotiorum mutants were successfully generated by repeated exposure to the fungicide under laboratory conditions. Although the mutants had greatly reduced sensitivity to pydiflumetofen, they were also found to have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced fitness, exhibiting reduced mycelial growth and sclerotia formation on potato dextrose agar medium. However, three of the four mutants had significantly (P < 0.05) increased pathogenicity on detached soybean leaves compared with their respective parental isolates, indicating a moderate to high level of fungicide resistance risk according to the criteria of the Fungicide Resistance Action Committee. Sequence analysis of four succinate dehydrogenase (Sdh) target genes identified several nucleotide changes in the sequences of the pydiflumetofen-resistant mutants, most of which were synonymous and caused no changes to the predicted amino acid sequences. However, all of the pydiflumetofen-resistant mutants had two amino acid point mutations (A11V and V162A) in their predicted SsSdhB sequence. No similar changes were found in the SsSdhA, SsSdhC, and SsSdhD genes of any of the mutants tested. In addition, there was a positive cross-resistance between pydiflumetofen and boscalid, and no cross-resistance between pydiflumetofen and other commonly used fungicides, including tebuconazole, fludioxonil, cyprodinil, dimethachlone, prochloraz, pyraclostrobin, fluazinam, procymidone, and carbendazim. These results indicate that pydiflumetofen has great potential as an alternative fungicide for the control of S. sclerotiorum, especially where resistance to other fungicides has already emerged. Mixing or alternate application with fludioxonil, prochloraz, and fluazinam could be used to limit the risk of resistance to pydiflumetofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhou
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Y X Cui
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Y H Ma
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - J Y Wang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - H Y Hu
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - S W Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - F L Zhang
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - C-W Li
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Crop Genome Editing, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Eli K, Schaafsma A, Limay-Rios V, Hooker D. Effect of pydiflumetofen on Gibberella ear rot and Fusarium mycotoxin accumulation in maize grain. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2020.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In Ontario, Canada, Fusarium graminearum Schwabe causes Gibberella ear rot (GER) in maize, resulting in the accumulation of mycotoxins, mainly deoxynivalenol (DON), DON-3-glucoside (DON-3G) and zearalenone (ZEN) in infected kernels. Fungicides can be an important tool for managing GER and DON and other Fusarium mycotoxins in maize. Until recently, all fungicides available to growers were triazoles, thus no resistance management strategy through fungicide use was possible. In this study, a novel carboxamide fungicide active ingredient (pydiflumetofen) was evaluated against conventional triazole fungicides and mixtures for: (1) effectiveness on mycotoxins (2) optimal application timing; and (3) efficacy of application, with and without an insecticide, under natural and inoculated-misted conditions. The best timing for fungicide application was at full silk, resulting in the highest reduction of GER symptoms and lowest accumulation of F. graminearum mycotoxins in harvested grain. DON and DON-3G concentrations were reduced by at least 50% with a fungicide application at full silk. Fungicide treatments did not affect fumonisin concentrations in grain. Pydiflumetofen (94 g active ingredients (AI)/ha) and fungicides containing pydiflumetofen (75-94 g AI/ha) were similar to standard triazole fungicides (prothioconazole at 200 g AI/ha and metconazole at 90 g AI/ha) for reducing GER and F. graminearum mycotoxins under misted-inoculated plots and commercial field conditions; as a result, we expect pydiflumetofen to be competitive with triazole-only chemistries in the marketplace, which should delay the onset of fungicide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Eli
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main St. E, Ridgetown, ON, N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - A.W. Schaafsma
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main St. E, Ridgetown, ON, N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - V. Limay-Rios
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main St. E, Ridgetown, ON, N0P 2C0, Canada
| | - D.C. Hooker
- Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, 120 Main St. E, Ridgetown, ON, N0P 2C0, Canada
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Bai Y, Gu CY, Pan R, Abid M, Zang HY, Yang X, Tan GJ, Chen Y. Activity of A Novel Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Fungicide Pydiflumetofen Against Fusarium fujikuroi causing Rice Bakanae Disease. PLANT DISEASE 2021; 105:3208-3217. [PMID: 33560887 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-10-20-2274-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
New fungicides are tools to manage fungal diseases and overcome emerging resistance in fungal pathogens. In this study, a total of 121 Fusarium fujikuroi isolates were collected from various geographical regions of China and their sensitivity to a novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide 'pydiflumetofen' was evaluated. The 50% effective concentration (EC50) value of pydiflumetofen for mycelial growth suppression ranged from 0.0101 to 0.1012 μg/ml and for conidial germination inhibition ranged from 0.0051 to 0.1082 μg/ml. Pydiflumetofen-treated hyphae showed contortion and increased branching, cell membrane permeability, and glycerol content significantly. The result of electron microscope transmission indicated that pydiflumetofen damaged the mycelial cell wall and the cell membrane, and almost broke up the cells, which increased the intracellular plasma leakage. There was no cross-resistance between pydiflumetofen and the widely used fungicides such as carbendazim, prochloraz, and phenamacril. Pydiflumetofen was found safe to seeds and rice seedlings of four rice cultivars, used up to 400 μg/ml. Seed treatment significantly decreased the rate of diseased plants in the greenhouse as well as in field trials in 2017 and 2018. Pydiflumetofen showed superb results against the rice bakanae disease (RBD), when used at 10 or 20 g a.i./100 kg of treated seeds, providing over 90% control efficacy (the maximum control efficacy was up to 97%), which was significantly higher than that of 25% phenamacril (SC) at 10 g or carbendazim at 100 g. Pydiflumetofen is highly effective against F. fujikuroi growth and sporulation as well as RBD in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Chun-Yan Gu
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Rui Pan
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Hao-Yu Zang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Institute of Plant Protection and Agro-products Safety, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Gen-Jia Tan
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agicultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on crops, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agicultural University, Hefei 230036, China
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30
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Liu X, Fang X, Wang S, Wu D, Gao T, Lee YW, Mohamed SR, Ji F, Xu J, Shi J. The antioxidant methyl gallate inhibits fungal growth and deoxynivalenol production in Fusarium graminearum. FOOD PRODUCTION, PROCESSING AND NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43014-021-00070-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Production of the Fusarium toxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is associated with oxidative stress and has been indicated to be part of an adaptive response to oxidative stress in the important wheat fungus Fusarium graminearum. In this study, we found that the antioxidant methyl gallate (MG) displays inhibitory effects against mycelial growth, conidial formation and germination, and DON biosynthesis in F. graminearum in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with 0.05% (w/v) MG resulted in an abnormal swollen conidial morphology. The expression of the TRI genes involved in DON biosynthesis was significantly reduced, and the induction of Tri1-GFP green fluorescence signals in the spherical and crescent-shaped toxisomes was abolished in the MG-treated mycelium. RNA-Seq analysis of MG-treated F. graminearum showed that 0.5% (w/v) MG inhibited DON production by possibly altering membrane functions and oxidoreductase activities. Coupled with the observations that MG treatment decreases catalase, POD and SOD activity in F. graminearum. The results of this study indicated that MG displays antifungal activity against DON production by modulating its oxidative response. Taken together, the current study revealed the potential of MG in inhibiting mycotoxins in F. graminearum.
Graphical abstract
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31
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Wang X, Wang M, Han L, Jin F, Jiao J, Chen M, Yang C, Xue W. Novel Pyrazole-4-acetohydrazide Derivatives Potentially Targeting Fungal Succinate Dehydrogenase: Design, Synthesis, Three-Dimensional Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, and Molecular Docking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9557-9570. [PMID: 34382800 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have emerged in fungicide markets as one of the fastest-growing categories that are widely applied in agricultural production for crop protection. Currently, the structural modification focusing on the flexible amide link of SDHI molecules is being gradually identified as one of the innovative strategies for developing novel highly efficient and broad-spectrum fungicides. Based on the above structural features, a series of pyrazole-4-acetohydrazide derivatives potentially targeting fungal SDH were constructed and evaluated for their antifungal effects against Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, and Botrytis cinerea. Strikingly, the in vitro EC50 values of constructed pyrazole-4-acetohydrazides 6w against R. solani, 6c against F. graminearum, and 6f against B. cinerea were, respectively, determined as 0.27, 1.94, and 1.93 μg/mL, which were obviously superior to that of boscalid against R. solani (0.94 μg/mL), fluopyram against F. graminearum (9.37 μg/mL), and B. cinerea (1.94 μg/mL). Concurrently, the effects of the substituent steric, electrostatic, hydrophobic, and hydrogen-bond fields on structure-activity relationships were elaborated by the reliable comparative molecular field analysis and comparative molecular similarity index analysis models. Subsequently, the practical value of pyrazole-4-acetohydrazide derivative 6w as a potential SDHI was ascertained by the relative surveys on the in vivo anti-R. solani preventative efficacy, inhibitory effects against fungal SDH, and molecular docking studies. The present results provide an indispensable complement for the structural optimization of antifungal leads potentially targeting SDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Mengqi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ling Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Fei Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Min Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chunlong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pesticide Science, College of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wei Xue
- Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Peng J, Sang H, Proffer TJ, Gleason J, Outwater CA, Jung G, Sundin GW. A Method for the Examination of SDHI Fungicide Resistance Mechanisms in Phytopathogenic Fungi Using a Heterologous Expression System in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2021; 111:819-830. [PMID: 33141650 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-20-0421-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are a class of broad-spectrum fungicides used for management of diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. In many cases, reduced sensitivity to SDHI fungicides has been correlated with point mutations in the SdhB and SdhC target genes that encode components of the succinate dehydrogenase complex. However, the genetic basis of SDHI fungicide resistance mechanisms has been functionally characterized in very few fungi. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a fast-growing and SDHI fungicide-sensitive phytopathogenic fungus that can be conveniently transformed. Given the high amino acid sequence similarity and putative structural similarity of SDHI protein target sites between S. sclerotiorum and other common phytopathogenic ascomycete fungi, we developed an in vitro heterologous expression system that used S. sclerotiorum as a reporter strain. With this system, we were able to demonstrate the function of mutant SdhB or SdhC alleles from several ascomycete fungi in conferring resistance to multiple SDHI fungicides. In total, we successfully validated the function of Sdh alleles that had been previously identified in field isolates of Botrytis cinerea, Blumeriella jaapii, and Clarireedia jacksonii (formerly S. homoeocarpa) in conferring resistance to boscalid, fluopyram, or fluxapyroxad and used site-directed mutagenesis to construct and phenotype a mutant allele that is not yet known to exist in Monilinia fructicola populations. We also examined the functions of these alleles in conferring cross-resistance to more recently introduced SDHIs including inpyrfluxam, pydiflumetofen, and pyraziflumid. The approach developed in this study can be widely applied to interrogate SDHI fungicide resistance mechanisms in other phytopathogenic ascomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Peng
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Tyre J Proffer
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Jacqueline Gleason
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Cory A Outwater
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Geunhwa Jung
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
| | - George W Sundin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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Li H, Gao MQ, Chen Y, Wang YX, Zhu XL, Yang GF. Discovery of Pyrazine-Carboxamide-Diphenyl-Ethers as Novel Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitors via Fragment Recombination. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:14001-14008. [PMID: 33185088 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of novel succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) has attracted great attention worldwide. Herein, a fragment recombination strategy was proposed to design new SDHIs by understanding the ligand-receptor interaction mechanism of SDHIs. Three fragments, pyrazine from pyraziflumid, diphenyl-ether from flubeneteram, and a prolonged amide linker from pydiflumetofen and fluopyram, were identified and recombined to produce a pyrazine-carboxamide-diphenyl-ether scaffold as a new SDHI. After substituent optimization, compound 6y was successfully identified with good inhibitory activity against porcine SDH, which was about 2-fold more potent than pyraziflumid. Furthermore, compound 6y exhibited 95% and 80% inhibitory rates against soybean gray mold and wheat powdery mildew at a dosage of 100 mg/L in vivo assay, respectively. The results of the present work showed that the pyrazine-carboxamide-diphenyl-ether scaffold could be used as a new starting point for the discovery of new SDHIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Li
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Qi Gao
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Xia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health of Ministry of Science and Technology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, People's Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300071, People's Republic of China
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Mao X, Wu Z, Bi C, Wang J, Zhao F, Gao J, Hou Y, Zhou M. Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of Pydiflumetofen-Resistant Mutants of Didymella bryoniae. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:9120-9130. [PMID: 32806116 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c03690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gummy stem blight (GSB), caused by Didymella bryoniae, is a devastating disease on watermelon. Pydiflumetofen belongs to succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, which is effective in controlling many plant diseases. The EC50 values of 69 D. bryoniae isolates to pydiflumetofen ranged from 0.0018 to 0.0071 μg/mL, and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of all strains to pydiflumetofen was <0.05 μg/mL. Eight pydiflumetofen-resistant mutants were obtained, and the level of resistance was stable. The mycelial growth, dry weight of mycelia, hyphal morphology, and pathogenicity of most resistant mutants did not change significantly compared with their parental strains, which indicated that the resistance risk of D. bryoniae to pydiflumetofen would be medium to high. Sequencing alignment showed that five resistant mutants presented a mutation at codon 277 (H277Y) in the SdhB gene. The point mutants FgSdhBH248Y/R exhibited decreased sensitivity to pydiflumetofen in Fusarium graminearum, which indicated that the point mutants of SdhB could reduce sensitivity to pydiflumetofen. These results further increase our understanding about the mode of action and the resistance mechanism of pydiflumetofen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Mao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Zhiwen Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Chaowei Bi
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Feifei Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Jing Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Yiping Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210095, China
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