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Ma J, Park SW, Kim G, Kim CS, Chang HX, Chilvers MI, Sang H. Characterization of SsHog1 and Shk1 Using Efficient Gene Knockout Systems through Repeated Protoplasting and CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Approaches in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:4237-4245. [PMID: 38374637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the causal agent of sclerotinia stem rot in over 400 plant species. In a previous study, the group III histidine kinase gene of S. sclerotiorum (Shk1) revealed its involvement in iprodione and fludioxonil sensitivity and osmotic stress. To further investigate the fungicide sensitivity associated with the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, we functionally characterized SsHog1, which is the downstream kinase of Shk1. To generate knockout mutants, split marker transformation combined with a newly developed repeated protoplasting method and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery approach were used. The pure SsHog1 and Shk1 knockout mutants showed reduced sensitivity to fungicides and increased sensitivity to osmotic stress. In addition, the SsHog1 knockout mutants demonstrated reduced virulence compared to Shk1 knockout mutants and wild-type. Our results indicate that the repeated protoplasting method and RNP approach can generate genetically pure homokaryotic mutants and SsHog1 is involved in osmotic adaptation, fungicide sensitivity, and virulence in S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Ma
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Park
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonwoo Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hao-Xun Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Synthetic Biology for Carbon Neutralization, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Chen JY, Sang H, Chilvers MI, Wu CH, Chang HX. Characterization of soybean chitinase genes induced by rhizobacteria involved in the defense against Fusarium oxysporum. Front Plant Sci 2024; 15:1341181. [PMID: 38405589 PMCID: PMC10884886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1341181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Rhizobacteria are capable of inducing defense responses via the expression of pathogenesis-related proteins (PR-proteins) such as chitinases, and many studies have validated the functions of plant chitinases in defense responses. Soybean (Glycine max) is an economically important crop worldwide, but the functional validation of soybean chitinase in defense responses remains limited. In this study, genome-wide characterization of soybean chitinases was conducted, and the defense contribution of three chitinases (GmChi01, GmChi02, or GmChi16) was validated in Arabidopsis transgenic lines against the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum. Compared to the Arabidopsis Col-0 and empty vector controls, the transgenic lines with GmChi02 or GmChi16 exhibited fewer chlorosis symptoms and wilting. While GmChi02 and GmChi16 enhanced defense to F. oxysporum, GmChi02 was the only one significantly induced by Burkholderia ambifaria. The observation indicated that plant chitinases may be induced by different rhizobacteria for defense responses. The survey of 37 soybean chitinase gene expressions in response to six rhizobacteria observed diverse inducibility, where only 10 genes were significantly upregulated by at least one rhizobacterium and 9 genes did not respond to any of the rhizobacteria. Motif analysis on soybean promoters further identified not only consensus but also rhizobacterium-specific transcription factor-binding sites for the inducible chitinase genes. Collectively, these results confirmed the involvement of GmChi02 and GmChi16 in defense enhancement and highlighted the diverse inducibility of 37 soybean chitinases encountering F. oxysporum and six rhizobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheng-Yan Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Martin I. Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Chih-Hang Wu
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Xun Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program of Plant Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Park CR, Min JH, Gong Y, Sang H, Lee KH, Kim CS. Arabidopsis thaliana ubiquitin-associated protein 2 (AtUAP2) functions as an E4 ubiquitin factor and negatively modulates dehydration stress response. Plant Mol Biol 2024; 114:13. [PMID: 38324104 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
E4, a ubiquitin (Ub) chain assembly factor and post-translational modification protein, plays a key role in the regulation of multiple cellular functions in plants during biotic or abiotic stress. We have more recently reported that E4 factor AtUAP1 is a negative regulator of the osmotic stress response and enhances the multi-Ub chain assembly of E3 ligase Arabidopsis thaliana RING Zinc Finger 1 (AtRZF1). To further investigate the function of other E4 Ub factors in osmotic stress, we isolated AtUAP2, an AtUAP1 homolog, which interacted with AtRZF1, using pull-down assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis. AtUAP2, a Ub-associated motif-containing protein, interacts with oligo-Ub5, -Ub6, and -Ub7 chains. The yeast functional complementation experiment revealed that AtUAP2 functions as an E4 Ub factor. In addition, AtUAP2 is localized in the cytoplasm, different from AtUAP1. The activity of AtUAP2 was relatively strongly induced in the leaf tissue of AtUAP2 promoter-β-glucuronidase transgenic plants by abscisic acid, dehydration, and oxidative stress. atuap2 RNAi lines were more insensitive to osmotic stress condition than wild-type during the early growth of seedlings, whereas the AtUAP2-overexpressing line exhibited relatively more sensitive responses. Analyses of molecular and physiological experiments showed that AtUAP2 could negatively mediate the osmotic stress-induced signaling. Genetic studies showed that AtRZF1 mutation could suppress the dehydration-induced sensitive phenotype of the AtUAP2-overexpressing line, suggesting that AtRZF1 acts genetically downstream of AtUAP2 during osmotic stress. Taken together, our findings show that the AtRZF1-AtUAP2 complex may play important roles in the ubiquitination pathway, which controls the osmotic stress response in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Rong Park
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Blvd, 77843-2128, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Kim G, Son D, Choi S, Liu H, Nam Y, Sang H. Monitoring of Benzimidazole Resistance in Botrytis cinerea Isolates from Strawberry in Korea and Development of Detection Method for Benzimidazole Resistance. Plant Pathol J 2023; 39:614-624. [PMID: 38081321 PMCID: PMC10721393 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.10.2023.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Botrytis cinerea is a major fungal plant pathogen that causes gray mold disease in strawberries, leading to a decrease in strawberry yield. While benzimidazole is widely used as a fungicide for controlling this disease, the increasing prevalence of resistant populations to this fungicide undermines its effectiveness. To investigate benzimidazole resistant B. cinerea in South Korea, 78 strains were isolated from strawberries grown in 78 different farms in 2022, and their EC50 values for benzimidazole were examined. As a result, 64 strains exhibited resistance to benzimidazole, and experimental tests using detached strawberry leaves and the plants in a greenhouse confirmed the reduced efficacy of benzimidazole to control these strains. The benzimidazole resistant strains identified in this study possessed two types of mutations, E198A or E198V, in the TUB2 gene. To detect these mutations, TaqMan probes were designed, enabling rapid identification of benzimidazole resistant B. cinerea in strawberry and tomato farms. This study utilizes TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis to swiftly identify benzimidazole resistant B. cinerea, thereby offering the possibility of effective disease management by identifying optimum locations and time of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonwoo Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Doeun Son
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sungyu Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Youngju Nam
- Global Agro-Consulting Corporation, Suwon 16614, Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Institute of Synthetic Biology for Carbon Neutralization, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Liu H, Park S, Sang H. Identification and Fungicide Control of Bipolaris sorokiniana Causing Leaf Spot and Blight on Common Hop ( Humulus lupulus) in Korea. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2939-2943. [PMID: 37189044 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-23-0752-sc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Hop (Humulus lupulus) is a perennial herbaceous vine belonging to the family Cannabaceae. This crop is commercially grown for the brewing industry for its bitter and aromatic flavor, as well as its antiseptic properties. In June 2021, leaf spot and blight was observed on common hop plants in Buan-gun, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea. The typical symptoms were small to large, dark-brown, necrotic lesions with yellow halos on the leaves. This study aimed to clarify the causal agent of this disease. Two fungal species, Alternaria alternata and Bipolaris sorokiniana, were isolated from the diseased leaf samples and identified by combining morphological observations and phylogenetic analysis using sequence datasets of internal transcribed spacer (ITS), Alt a1, rpb2, endoPG, and OPA10-2; and ITS, gpd, and tef1, respectively. Pathogenicity of the fungal isolates on detached leaves and living plants revealed that B. sorokiniana is the causal pathogen of this disease, while A. alternata is potentially a saprophyte. Fungicide sensitivity of the pathogen B. sorokiniana was further estimated in vitro using three classes of fungicides represented by fluxapyroxad, pyraclostrobin, and hexaconazole. The effective concentrations that inhibited 50% of spore germination (EC50) were 0.72, 1.90, and 0.68 μg ml-1, respectively. Moreover, all of these fungicides were able to control B. sorokiniana on detached common hop leaves at their recommended concentrations. In conclusion, this study reports leaf spot and blight of common hop caused by B. sorokiniana for the first time and proposes potential fungicides for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Liu
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sanghoon Park
- Hop&Hope, Agricultural Co. Ltd., Buan-gun 56319, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Ju JH, Jo MH, Heo SY, Kim MS, Kim CH, Paul NC, Sang H, Oh BR. Production of highly pure R,R-2,3-butanediol for biological plant growth promoting agent using carbon feeding control of Paenibacillus polymyxa MDBDO. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:121. [PMID: 37407951 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02133-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemical fertilizers have greatly contributed to the development of agriculture, but alternative fertilizers are needed for the sustainable development of agriculture. 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) is a promising biological plant growth promoter. RESULTS In this study, we attempted to develop an effective strategy for the biological production of highly pure R,R-2,3-butanediol (R,R-2,3-BDO) by Paenibacillus polymyxa fermentation. First, gamma-ray mutagenesis was performed to obtain P. polymyxa MDBDO, a strain that grew faster than the parent strain and had high production of R,R-2,3-BDO. The activities of R,R-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and diacetyl reductase of the mutant strain were increased by 33% and decreased by 60%, respectively. In addition, it was confirmed that the carbon source depletion of the fermentation broth affects the purity of R,R-2,3-BDO through batch fermentation. Fed-batch fermentation using controlled carbon feeding led to production of 77.3 g/L of R,R-2,3-BDO with high optical purity (> 99% of C4 products) at 48 h. Additionally, fed-batch culture using corn steep liquor as an alternative nitrogen source led to production of 70.3 g/L of R,R-2,3-BDO at 60 h. The fed-batch fermentation broth of P. polymyxa MDBDO, which contained highly pure R,R-2,3-BDO, significantly stimulated the growth of soybean and strawberry seedlings. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that P. polymyxa MDBDO has potential for use in biological plant growth promoting agent applications. In addition, our fermentation strategy demonstrated that high-purity R,R-2,3-BDO can be produced at high concentrations using P. polymyxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hyun Ju
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Ho Jo
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Yeon Heo
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Soo Kim
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Ho Kim
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Narayan Chandra Paul
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Rock Oh
- Microbial Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Jeonbuk, 56212, Republic of Korea.
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Ortiz V, Chang HX, Sang H, Jacobs J, Malvick DK, Baird R, Mathew FM, Estévez de Jensen C, Wise KA, Mosquera GM, Chilvers MI. Population genomic analysis reveals geographic structure and climatic diversification for Macrophomina phaseolina isolated from soybean and dry bean across the United States, Puerto Rico, and Colombia. Front Genet 2023; 14:1103969. [PMID: 37351341 PMCID: PMC10282554 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1103969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophomina phaseolina causes charcoal rot, which can significantly reduce yield and seed quality of soybean and dry bean resulting from primarily environmental stressors. Although charcoal rot has been recognized as a warm climate-driven disease of increasing concern under global climate change, knowledge regarding population genetics and climatic variables contributing to the genetic diversity of M. phaseolina is limited. This study conducted genome sequencing for 95 M. phaseolina isolates from soybean and dry bean across the continental United States, Puerto Rico, and Colombia. Inference on the population structure using 76,981 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed that the isolates exhibited a discrete genetic clustering at the continental level and a continuous genetic differentiation regionally. A majority of isolates from the United States (96%) grouped in a clade with a predominantly clonal genetic structure, while 88% of Puerto Rican and Colombian isolates from dry bean were assigned to a separate clade with higher genetic diversity. A redundancy analysis (RDA) was used to estimate the contributions of climate and spatial structure to genomic variation (11,421 unlinked SNPs). Climate significantly contributed to genomic variation at a continental level with temperature seasonality explaining the most variation while precipitation of warmest quarter explaining the most when spatial structure was accounted for. The loci significantly associated with multivariate climate were found closely to the genes related to fungal stress responses, including transmembrane transport, glycoside hydrolase activity and a heat-shock protein, which may mediate climatic adaptation for M. phaseolina. On the contrary, limited genome-wide differentiation among populations by hosts was observed. These findings highlight the importance of population genetics and identify candidate genes of M. phaseolina that can be used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underly climatic adaptation to the changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Ortiz
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Hao-Xun Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Janette Jacobs
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Dean K. Malvick
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States
| | - Richard Baird
- BCH-EPP Department, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, United States
| | - Febina M. Mathew
- Department of Plant Pathology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States
| | | | - Kiersten A. Wise
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Princeton, KY, United States
| | - Gloria M. Mosquera
- Plant Pathology, Crops for Nutrition and Health, International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), The Americas Hub, Palmira, Colombia
| | - Martin I. Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Onkanga IO, Sang H, Hamilton R, Ondigo BN, Jaoko W, Odiere MR, Ganley-Leal L. CD193
(
CCR3
) expression by B cells correlates with reduced
IgE
production in paediatric schistosomiasis. Parasite Immunol 2023; 45:e12979. [PMID: 36971331 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that CD193, the eotaxin receptor, is highly expressed on circulating B cells in paediatric schistosomiasis mansoni. CD193 plays a role in directing granulocytes into sites of allergic-like inflammation in the mucosa, but little is known about its functional significance on human B cells. We sought to characterize CD193 expression and its relationship with S. mansoni infection. We found that CD193+ B cells increased with the intensity of schistosome infection. In addition, a significant negative association was observed between CD193 expression by B cells and IgE production. Decreased IgE levels are generally associated with susceptibility to re-infection. B cell stimulation with eotaxin-1 increased CD193 levels whereas IL-4 led to a reduction. This was supported by plasma levels of eotaxin-1 correlating with CD193 levels on B cells and other cells. In contrast, CD193 expression was induced on naive B cells with a combination of IL-10 and schistosome antigens. Whereas T cells had a modest increase in CD193 expression, only B cell CD193 appeared functionally chemotactic to eotaxin-1. Thus, CD193+ B cells, which co-express CXCR5, may be enroute to sites with allergic-like inflammation, such as gastrointestinal follicles, or even to Th2 granulomas, which develop around parasite eggs. Overall, our results suggest that schistosome infection may promote CD193 expression and suppress IgE via IL-10 and other undefined mechanisms related to B cell trafficking. This study adds to our understanding of why young children may have poor immunity. Nonetheless, praziquantel treatment was shown to reduce percentages of circulating CD193+ B cells lending hope for future vaccine efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- I O Onkanga
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
- KAVI-Institute of Clinical Research, and Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - H Sang
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - R Hamilton
- Elegance Biotechnologies, LLC, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - B N Ondigo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Egerton University, Egerton, Kenya
| | - W Jaoko
- KAVI-Institute of Clinical Research, and Department of Medical Microbiology & Immunology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - M R Odiere
- Center for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - L Ganley-Leal
- Elegance Biotechnologies, LLC, Wayne, Pennsylvania, USA
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Choi H, Park SW, Oh J, Kim CS, Sung GH, Sang H. Efficient disruption of CmHk1 using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein delivery in Cordyceps militaris. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad072. [PMID: 37475654 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris, an entomopathogenic ascomycete, produces edible medicinal mushrooms known to have medicinal and therapeutic functions. To develop the genetic transformation system in C. militaris, green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutants of C. militaris were generated by PEG-mediated protoplast transformation. The CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) targeting the class III histidine kinase of C. militaris (CmHk1) was then delivered into protoplasts of C. militaris through the transformation system. Mutations induced by the RNP in selected mutants were detected: 1 nt deletion (6 mutants), 3 nt deletion with substitution of 1 nt (1 mutant), insertion of 85 nts (1 mutant), 41 nts (2 mutants), and 35 nts (5 mutants). An in vitro sensitivity assay of the mutants indicated that knockout of CmHk1 reduced sensitivity to two fungicides, iprodione and fludioxonil, but increased sensitivity to osmotic stresses compared to the wild type. Summing up, the CRISPR/Cas9 RNP delivery system was successfully developed, and our results revealed that CmHk1 was involved in the fungicide resistance and osmotic stress in C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongju Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Park
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Junsang Oh
- Translational Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Translational Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Lee G, Choi H, Liu H, Han YH, Paul NC, Han GH, Kim H, Kim PI, Seo SI, Song J, Sang H. Biocontrol of the causal brown patch pathogen Rhizoctonia solani by Bacillus velezensis GH1-13 and development of a bacterial strain specific detection method. Front Plant Sci 2023; 13:1091030. [PMID: 36699832 PMCID: PMC9868939 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1091030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Brown patch caused by the basidiomycete fungus Rhizoctonia solani is an economically important disease of cool-season turfgrasses. In order to manage the disease, different types of fungicides have been applied, but the negative impact of fungicides on the environment continues to rise. In this study, the beneficial bacteria Bacillus velezensis GH1-13 was characterized as a potential biocontrol agent to manage brown patch disease. The strain GH1-13 strongly inhibited the mycelial growth of turf pathogens including different anastomosis groups of R. solani causing brown patch and large patch. R. solani AG2-2(IIIB) hyphae were morphologically changed, and fungal cell death resulted from exposure to the strain GH1-13. In addition, the compatibility of fungicides with the bacterial strain, and the combined application of fungicide azoxystrobin and the strain in brown patch control on creeping bentgrass indicated that the strain could serve as a biocontrol agent. To develop strain-specific detection method, two unique genes from chromosome and plasmid of GH1-13 were found using pan-genome analysis of 364 Bacillus strains. The unique gene from chromosome was successfully detected using both SYBR Green and TaqMan qPCR methods in bacterial DNA or soil DNA samples. This study suggests that application of GH1-13 offers an environmentally friendly approach via reducing fungicide application rates. Furthermore, the developed pipeline of strain-specific detection method could be a useful tool for detecting and studying the dynamics of specific biocontrol agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gahee Lee
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongju Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hyeong Han
- Division of Food and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Damyang-gun Agricultural Technology Center, Damyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Narayan Chandra Paul
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Gui Hwan Han
- Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Pyoung Il Kim
- Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Il Seo
- Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaekyeong Song
- Agricultural Microbiology Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Division of Food and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Lee JG, Paul NC, Park S, Kim HJ, Sang H. First Report of Binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-G Causing Root Rot of Japanese Bay Tree ( Machilus thunbergii) in Korea. Plant Dis 2022; 107:2220. [PMID: 36548915 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-04-22-0982-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Machilus thunbergii Sieb. & Zucc., commonly known as Japanese bay tree, is a large evergreen tree belonging to the Lauraceae family and is widely distributed in Asia, including Korea in subtropical and tropical forest areas (Wu et al., 2006). In April 2021, a root rot disease of 2-year-old Japanese bay trees was observed in a nursery on Wando Island in Korea. Tree roots exhibited brown to black discoloration, root rot, and deterioration, and leaves were severely wilted followed by plant death, with a disease incidence of approximately 30%. Symptomatic roots were surface sterilized with 1% NaOCl for 5 min and washed three times with distilled water. The root tissues were dried and plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and vegetable juice agar (V8) media. After 3-4 days of incubation at 25 ˚C, brown Rhizoctonia fungal-like colonies grew on both culture media. Hyphae of two representative isolates (CMML21-35 and CMML21-36) exhibited typical characteristics of Rhizoctonia, including a constriction of branching hyphae (Alvarez et al., 2013). In addition, two nuclei in each mycelial cell were observed after staining of mycelia with 0.1% Safranin O. The two isolates were identified as binucleate Rhizoctonia based on the microscopic observation. To confirm identification of the isolates, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit (LSU) regions were sequenced using two primer sets, ITS1/ITS4 and LROR/LR5 (White et al., 1990; Vilgalys and Hester 1990). BLASTn search analysis revealed that the ITS sequence of isolates had 99.66% (582 base pair matched of 584) sequence similarity with the sequences of binucleate Rhizoctonia (accession numbers JF519837 and AY927327, respectively) and the LSU sequence matched well with the sequence of Rhizoctonia sp. AG-G (accession number MN977413; similarity 99.56% and 910 base pair matched of 914). The sequences were deposited in GenBank under accession numbers OM049427 and OM049428 for ITS, OM679289 and OM679290 for LSU. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS and LSU regions revealed that the isolates grouped with binucleate Rhizoctonia anastomosis group AG-G (Teleomorph: Ceratobasidium sp.) with a high bootstrap value. Accordingly, the morphological and molecular characteristics confirmed the causal pathogen as binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-G (Jiang et al., 2016; Gonzalez et al. 2016). To test pathogenicity, a 2-year-old Japanese bay tree was inoculated by creating a hole in the soil near the root rhizosphere and placing 1.5g of ground mycelia obtained from a 5 day-old broth culture at two time points one week apart (Bartz et al., 2010). The control pot was inoculated with sterilized ddH2O. Inoculated and control plant pots were incubated in plastic boxes with 100% relative humidity at 25 ℃ for five days. After that, the pots were placed in the greenhouse at 23-25 ℃. One month post inoculation, initial disease symptoms were observed, and after two months, severe foliar wilting and eventual plant death occurred. The non-inoculated control remained healthy. The pathogen was re-isolated from infected roots, fulfilling Koch's postulates. The experiment was conducted three times with three replications. This is the first report of root rot of Japanese bay tree caused by binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-G in Korea and in the world. Previously, a pathogenic binucleate Rhizoctonia AG-G was isolated from colonized apple tree roots in orchards in Italy (Kelderer et al., 2012). The present study implies that this pathogen potentially causes a negative impact on the nursery and forest industries, thus further research on the screening for pathogenicity in other tropical and subtropical trees and also apple, which is an important crop in Korea, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Gyeong Lee
- Chonnam National University, 34931, Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Gwangju, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Narayan Chandra Paul
- Chonnam National University, 34931, Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, 77 Yongbong-ro, Yongbong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea (the Republic of), 61186;
| | - Soyoon Park
- Chonnam National University, 34931, Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Gwangju, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Hyun-Jun Kim
- Chonnam National University, 34931, Department of Forest Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Chonnam National University, 34931, Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea (the Republic of), 61186;
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12
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Park CR, Nguyen VT, Min JH, Sang H, Lim GH, Kim CS. Isolation and Functional Characterization of Soybean BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3-Like 1 (GmBEH3L1) Associated with Dehydration Sensitivity and Brassinosteroid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2565. [PMID: 36235431 PMCID: PMC9573144 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) is an important steroid hormone that regulates plant development, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and responses to abiotic stress. We previously demonstrated that BEH3 (BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3) of Arabidopsis thaliana regulates dehydration and ABA responses by mediating proline metabolism. Furthermore, BEH3 negatively regulates BR-mediated hypocotyl elongation in dark-grown seedlings. However, the roles of BEH3 ortholog genes in the osmotic stress response of plants have remained largely unknown. Here, GmBEH3L1 (Glycine max BEH3-Like 1), a soybean (G. max) ortholog of the BEH3 gene of A. thaliana, was isolated and functionally characterized. GmBEH3L1 is induced by ABA, dehydration, and drought conditions. The GmBEH3L1-overexpressing transgenic lines (GmBEH3L1-OE/beh3) with the beh3 mutant background have ABA- and dehydration-sensitive phenotypes during early seedling growth, implying that GmBEH3L1 is involved in both osmotic stress and ABA sensitivity as a negative regulator in A. thaliana. Consistent with these results, GmBEH3L1-OE/beh3 complemental lines exhibit decreased expression levels of ABA- or dehydration-inducible genes. Under darkness, GmBEH3L1-OE/beh3 complemental lines display a short hypocotyl length compared to the beh3 mutant, indicating that GmBEH3L1 is linked to BR signaling. Together, our data suggest that GmBEH3L1 participates negatively in ABA and dehydration responses through BR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Rong Park
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Van Tinh Nguyen
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Basic Science, Buon Ma Thuot University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam
| | - Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Blvd, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Choi S, Son D, Chilvers MI, Kim HJ, Sang H. First report of Diaporthe eres causing leaf spot disease on Machilus thunbergii in Korea. Plant Dis 2022; 107:1225. [PMID: 36131501 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-05-22-1243-pdn] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Machilus thunbergii (Japanese bay tree) is native to warm temperate and subtropical regions in East Asia such as China, Japan, Korea, Taiwan, and Vietnam (Wu et al., 2006). This tree is used for landscape trees, windbreaks, and furniture because the wood is hard and dense (Hong et al., 2016). In May 2020, a leaf spot disease was observed on M. thunbergii in an arboretum on Wando Island, Korea. Among 25 trees surveyed in the arboretum, 7 trees showed 5 to 30% leaf spot disease. Symptoms consisted of gray and dry leaf spots up to approximately one to two centimeters in diameter, surrounded by a deep black margin. Leaf samples containing lesions were collected from the seven diseased trees. Pieces of leaf tissue (5mm × 5mm) were cut from the lesion margins and surface disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) for 1 min and rinsed with sterile distilled water three times, patted dry on sterile paper towel and placed on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) in Petri dishes. From the cultures, ten fungal isolates were obtained and two representative isolates (CMML20-5 and CMML20-6) were stored at the Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea. Colony morphology of the two isolates on PDA was observed after 7 days at 25°C in the dark. Conidiomata were induced after 7days in a 14h-10h light-dark condition using sufficiently grown mycelium in PDA, and both alpha and beta conidia were observed. Alpha conidia were 7.6 ± 0.9 × 2.8 ± 0.4 μm (n = 30), fusiform, aseptate, and hyaline. Beta conidia were 28.1 ± 3.6 × 2.7 ± 0.4 μm (n = 30), aseptate, hyaline, linear to hooked. Genomic DNA of the two isolates was extracted using the CTAB DNA extraction method (Cubero et al., 1999), followed by PCR using primer sets of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1/ITS4) (White et al., 1990), elongation factor 1-α (EF1-728F/EF1-986R), calmodulin (CAL228F/CAL737R) (Carbone and Kohn, 1999), and TUB2 (Bt2a/Bt2b) (Glass and Donaldson 1995). PCR products were sequenced and analyzed to confirm species identity. The obtained sequences were deposited in GenBank (accession numbers OM049469, OM049470 for ITS, OM069429, OM069430 for EF1-α, OP130141, OP130142 for CAL, and OP130139, OP130140 for TUB2). BLASTn search analyses for ITS, EF1-α, CAL, and TUB2 sequences of two isolates selected resulted in near identical match (>97% for ITS, 100% for EF1-α, >99% for CAL, and >96% for TUB2) to sequences of Diaporthe eres strain AR4346 (=Phomopsis fukushii) (JQ807429 for ITS, JQ807355 for EF1-α, KJ435003 for CAL, and KJ420823 for TUB2). Phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood indicated that the two isolates grouped with reference strains (AR4346, AR4349, and AR4363) of D. eres with 76% bootstrap support. Based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses, the two isolates characterized in this study are members of the Diaporthe eres species complex as described by Udayanga et at. 2014. Pathogenicity tests were conducted using both detached leaf and whole plant assays. Mycelial PDA plugs (5-mm in diameter) or 10μl of 106 conidia suspensions were inoculated on detached leaves of M. thunbergii from 2-year-old trees and placed in 90 mm Petri-dishes containing wet filter papers or water agar medium. Mock inoculated controls used water in place of conidial suspensions. The plates were sealed with Parafilm and incubated at 25°C in the dark. Two year old M. thunbergii trees were inoculated with wet mycelia (1.5g) that was ground with a homogenizer and mixed with 50ml of sterile water and sprayed onto wounded leaves and stems with a needle. Mock inoculated controls were sprayed with water only. The inoculated seedlings were placed in plastic containers at 25 to 30°C to maintain high humidity. The pathogenicity tests were repeated three times with three replications. In detached leaves, symptoms of black spots were observed 6 days after mycelial plug inoculation and 20 days after conidia inoculation. In whole plants, typical symptoms were observed 9 days after inoculation. Symptoms were not observed on the control leaves and plants. Diaporthe eres was re-isolated from the inoculated leaf and whole plants and morphologically identified, fulfilling Koch's postulates. Diaporthe eres has been reported to cause a leaf spot on Photinia × fraseri 'Red Robin' in China (Song et al. 2019). To our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf spot disease caused by Diaporthe eres on Japanese bay tree (Machilus thunbergii) in Korea. It is expected that use of this tree will expand given its utility, however infection with D. eres can cause serious diseases to the leaves and stems. Therefore, further studies on disease management are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungyu Choi
- Chonnam National University, Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Doeun Son
- Chonnam National University, Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Michigan State University, Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, East Lansing, Michigan, United States;
| | - Hyun-Jun Kim
- Chonnam National University, Department of Forest Resources, Gwangju, Jeollanam-do, Korea (the Republic of);
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Chonnam National University, Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, 77, Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, Korea (the Republic of), 61186;
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Hong H, Zhu H, Li C, Zang C, Sang H, Chen L, Wang A. [FNDC1 is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma and closely related with poor prognosis]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2022; 42:1182-1190. [PMID: 36073217 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.08.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the expression of fibronectin type Ⅲ domain containing 1(FNDC1) protein in lung adenocarcinoma and its prognostic significance. METHODS The expression of FNDC1 in lung adenocarcinoma was predicted by analysis of data from GEO database and GEPIA, and the results were verified by immunohistochemical staining in 92 pairs of clinical specimens of lung adenocarcinoma and adjacent tissues.We further analyzed the correlation of FNDC1 expression with the clinicopathological features of the patients, and evaluated its prognostic value using Cox survival analysis. RESULTS Analysis of the data form GEO database and GEPIA showed a significantly higher expression level of FNDC1 in lung adenocarcinoma than in matched normal tissues (P < 0.05).Kaplan-Meier survival analysis suggested that a high expression of FNDC1 protein was associated with a significantly shorter overall survival time of the patients (P < 0.05).Immunohistochemistry of the clinical specimens also showed a significantly higher protein expression of FNDC1 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues than in paired adjacent tissues (P < 0.001).A high expression of FNDC1 protein was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stage, T stage and N stage (P < 0.05).Cox univariate and multivariate regression survival analysis indicated that an increased expression of FNDC1 was an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION FNDC1 protein is highly expressed in patients with lung adenocarcinoma and in closely related with the occurrence, progression and prognosis of the tumor, suggesting the value of FNDC1 protein as a potential biomarker for assessment of the survival and prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hong
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - C Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - C Zang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China.,Graduate School of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233030, China
| | - H Sang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
| | - A Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233004, China
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15
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Sang H, Chang HX, Choi S, Son D, Lee G, Chilvers MI. Genome-wide transcriptional response of the causal soybean sudden death syndrome pathogen Fusarium virguliforme to a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fluopyram. Pest Manag Sci 2022; 78:530-540. [PMID: 34561937 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) have been widely used to manage plant diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. Although attention to and use of SDHI fungicides has recently increased, molecular responses of fungal pathogens to SDHIs have often not been investigated. A SDHI fungicide, fluopyram, has been used as a soybean seed treatment and has displayed effective control of Fusarium virguliforme, one of the causal agents of soybean sudden death syndrome. To examine genome-wide gene expression of F. virguliforme to fluopyram, RNA-seq analysis was conducted on two field strains of F. virguliforme with differing SDHI fungicide sensitivity in the absence and presence of fluopyram. RESULTS The analysis indicated that several xenobiotic detoxification-related genes, such as those of deoxygenase, transferases and transporters, were highly induced by fluopyram. Among the genes, four ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters were characterized by the yeast expression system. The results revealed that expression of three ABCG transporters was associated with reduced sensitivity to multiple fungicides including fluopyram. In addition, heterologous expression of a major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter that was highly expressed in the fluopyram-insensitive F. virguliforme strain in the yeast system conferred decreased sensitivity to fluopyram. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that xenobiotic detoxification-related genes were highly upregulated in response to fluopyram, and expression of ABC or MFS transporter genes was associated with reduced sensitivity to the SDHI fungicide. This is the first transcriptomic analysis of the fungal species response to fluopyram and the finding will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of SDHI resistance. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Hao-Xun Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sungyu Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Doeun Son
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Gahee Lee
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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16
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Liu K, Zeng M, Chen J, Hui Y, Kong Q, Duan Q, Sang H. Multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis with diabetes insipidus in an adult. Indian J Dermatol 2022; 67:184-186. [PMID: 36092185 PMCID: PMC9455141 DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_741_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kh Liu
- From the Jinling Hospital Department of Dermatology, Nanjing 210002, P R China,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, P R China
| | - Mh Zeng
- From the Jinling Hospital Department of Dermatology, Nanjing 210002, P R China
| | - J Chen
- From the Jinling Hospital Department of Dermatology, Nanjing 210002, P R China
| | - Y Hui
- From the Jinling Hospital Department of Dermatology, Nanjing 210002, P R China
| | - Qt Kong
- From the Jinling Hospital Department of Dermatology, Nanjing 210002, P R China
| | - Qf Duan
- Unit 31610 of the PLA, Zhejiang 310000, P R China E-mail:
| | - H Sang
- From the Jinling Hospital Department of Dermatology, Nanjing 210002, P R China,Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210002, P R China
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Yuan F, Chen J, Liu F, Dang YC, Kong QT, Sang H. Successful treatment of pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus with posaconazole. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:131. [PMID: 34775981 PMCID: PMC8591890 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00602-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection occurring chiefly in the lung or the rhino-orbital-cerebral compartment, particularly in patients with immunodeficiency or diabetes mellitus. Among Mucorales fungi, Rhizopus spp. are the most common cause of mucormycosis. Case presentation We report a case of pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microsporus in a young patient with diabetes but no other apparent risk factors. The diagnosis mainly relied on clinical manifestation, positive pulmonary tissue biopsy, and fungal culture. The patient was successfully treated with posaconazole oral suspension and remains asymptomatic at one-year follow-up. Conclusions Pulmonary mucormycosis is a life-threatening condition and posaconazole is an effective treatment for pulmonary mucormycosis caused by Rhizopus microspores.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Yuan
- Sch Med, Southeast Univ, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - J Chen
- Dept Dermatology, Sch Med, Jinling Hosp, Nanjing Univ, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - F Liu
- Dept Dermatology, Sch Med, Jinling Hosp, Nanjing Univ, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Y C Dang
- Dept Dermatology, Sch Med, Jinling Hosp, Nanjing Univ, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Q T Kong
- Dept Dermatology, Sch Med, Jinling Hosp, Nanjing Univ, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China.
| | - H Sang
- Dept Dermatology, Sch Med, Jinling Hosp, Nanjing Univ, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Chen XQ, Zheng DY, Xiao YY, Dong BL, Cao CW, Ma L, Tong ZS, Zhu M, Liu ZH, Xi LY, Fu M, Jin Y, Yin B, Li FQ, Li XF, Abliz P, Liu HF, Zhang Y, Yu N, Wu WW, Xiong XC, Zeng JS, Huang HQ, Jiang YP, Chen GZ, Pan WH, Sang H, Wang Y, Guo Y, Shi DM, Yang JX, Chen W, Wan Z, Li RY, Wang AP, Ran YP, Yu J. Aetiology of tinea capitis in China: A multicentre prospective study. Br J Dermatol 2021; 186:705-712. [PMID: 34741300 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.20875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tinea capitis is still common in developing countries, such as China. Its pathogen spectrum varies across regions and changes over time. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to clarify the current epidemiological characteristics and pathogen spectrum of tinea capitis in China. METHODS A multicentre, prospective descriptive study involving 29 tertiary hospitals in China was conducted. From August 2019 to July 2020, 611 patients with tinea capitis were enrolled. Data concerning demography, risk factors and fungal tests were collected. The pathogens were further identified by morphology or molecular sequencing when necessary in the central laboratory. RESULTS Among all enrolled patients, 74.1% of the cases were 2- to 8-year-olds. The children with tinea capitis were mainly boys (56.2%) and more likely to have an animal contact history (57.4% vs. 35.3%, P = 0.012) and zoophilic dermatophyte infection (73.5%). The adults were mainly females (83.3%) and more likely to have anthropophilic agent infection (53.5%). The most common pathogen was zoophilic Microsporum canis (354, 65.2%), followed by anthropophilic Trichophyton violaceum (74, 13.6%). In contrast to the eastern, western and northeastern regions where zoophilic M. canis predominated, anthropophilic T. violaceum predominated in central China (69.2%, P < 0.0001), where the patients had the most tinea at other sites (20.3%) and dermatophytosis contact (25.9%) with the least animal contact (38.8%). Microsporum ferrugineum was the most common anthropophilic agent in the western area, especially in Xinjiang Province. CONCLUSIONS Boys aged approximately 5 years were mainly affected. Dermatologists are advised to pay more attention to the different transmission routes and pathogen spectra in different age groups from different regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-Q Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Beijing, China
| | - D-Y Zheng
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Y-Y Xiao
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - B-L Dong
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - C-W Cao
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - L Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Z-S Tong
- Department of Dermatology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - M Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z-H Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Hangzhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hangzhou Dermatology Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - L-Y Xi
- Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - M Fu
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Y Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, China
| | - B Yin
- Department of Dermatology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - F-Q Li
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - X-F Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
| | - P Abliz
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - H-F Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - N Yu
- Department of Dermatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - W-W Wu
- Department of Dermatology, the Fifth People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, China
| | - X-C Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - J-S Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - H-Q Huang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y-P Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - G-Z Chen
- Department of Dermatology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - W-H Pan
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Sang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Changhai Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Dermatology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - D-M Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Jining No, People's Hospital, Jining, China
| | - J-X Yang
- Department of Dermatology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - W Chen
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Beijing, China
| | - Z Wan
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Beijing, China
| | - R-Y Li
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Beijing, China
| | - A-P Wang
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Beijing, China
| | - Y-P Ran
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - J Yu
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Peking University First Hospital, National Clinical Research Centre for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control and Evaluation of Cosmetics, Beijing, China
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19
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Paul NC, Park S, Liu H, Lee JG, Han GH, Kim H, Sang H. Fungi Associated with Postharvest Diseases of Sweet Potato Storage Roots and In Vitro Antagonistic Assay of Trichoderma harzianum against the Diseases. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110927. [PMID: 34829216 PMCID: PMC8625119 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato is the 11th most important food crop in the world and an excellent source of nutrition. Postharvest diseases were monitored in sweet potato storage roots collected from the local markets in Korea during 2021. Several diseases including Fusarium surface and root rot, charcoal rot, dry rot, and soft rot were observed in the postharvest sweet potatoes. A total of 68 fungal isolates were obtained from the diseased samples, and the isolates were grouped into 8 different fungal colony types. Based on multilocus phylogeny and morphological analysis of 17 representative isolates, the isolates were identified as Fusarium oxysporum, F. ipomoeae, F. solani, Penicillium citrinum, P. rotoruae, Aspergillus wentii, Mucor variicolumellatus (Mu. circinelloides species complex), and Macrophomina phaseolina. F. oxysporum was the predominant pathogen as this is the most common pathogen of sweet potato storage roots causing the surface rot disease, and M. phaseolina caused the most severe disease among the pathogens. Dual culture antagonistic assays were evaluated using Trichoderma harzianum strains CMML20–26 and CMML20–27. The results revealed that the two strains showed strong antifungal activity in different ranges against all tested pathogens. This study provides an understanding of diverse postharvest diseases in sweet potatoes and suggests potential biocontrol agents to manage the diseases. In addition, this is the first report of sweet potato storage root rot diseases caused by A. wentii, and P. rotoruae worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Chandra Paul
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (N.C.P.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (J.G.L.)
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Soyoon Park
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (N.C.P.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (N.C.P.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Ju Gyeong Lee
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (N.C.P.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (J.G.L.)
| | - Gui Hwan Han
- Center for Industrialization of Agricultural and Livestock Microorganisms, Jeongeup-si 56212, Korea;
| | | | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea; (N.C.P.); (S.P.); (H.L.); (J.G.L.)
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence:
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20
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Staveness D, Breunig M, Ortiz V, Sang H, Collins JL, McAtee RC, Chilvers MI, Stephenson CR. Photochemically derived 1-aminonorbornanes provide structurally unique succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors with in vitro and in planta activity. Cell Rep Phys Sci 2021; 2:100548. [PMID: 34604820 PMCID: PMC8486155 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2021.100548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Agrochemical fungicidal leads have been prepared from photochemically derived 1-aminonorbornane building blocks. The unique 1-aminonorbornane core is generated via direct excitation of a Schiff base precursor, leveraging the N-centered radical character of the excited state species to facilitate a series of radical reactions that construct the norbornane core. This process requires no exogenous reagents, only solvent and photons; thus, it represents an exceptionally simple and efficient means of generating the key building blocks. These (hetero) arene-fused 1-aminonorbornanes are unprecedented in both the agrochemical and pharmaceutical discovery literature; therefore, photochemical advances have provided the unique opportunity to explore the functional utility of novel chemical space. Toward this end, the 1-aminonorbornanes were used to generate next-generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. In vitro fungicidal activity is demonstrated against three fungal plant pathogens affecting field crops, specifically: Fusarium graminearum, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and Macrophomina phaseolina. The in vitro performance against F. graminearum was shown to translate into a greenhouse setting. The discovery of in planta fungicidal activity illustrates the interdisciplinary value available via photochemical innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Staveness
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mikaela Breunig
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Viviana Ortiz
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience, and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - James L. Collins
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rory C. McAtee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Martin I. Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Correspondence: (M.I.C.), (C.R.J.S.)
| | - Corey R.J. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Lead contact
- Correspondence: (M.I.C.), (C.R.J.S.)
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21
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Paul NC, Park SW, Liu H, Choi S, Ma J, MacCready JS, Chilvers MI, Sang H. Plant and Fungal Genome Editing to Enhance Plant Disease Resistance Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:700925. [PMID: 34447401 PMCID: PMC8382960 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.700925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Crop production has been substantially reduced by devastating fungal and oomycete pathogens, and these pathogens continue to threaten global food security. Although chemical and cultural controls have been used for crop protection, these involve continuous costs and time and fungicide resistance among plant pathogens has been increasingly reported. The most efficient way to protect crops from plant pathogens is cultivation of disease-resistant cultivars. However, traditional breeding approaches are laborious and time intensive. Recently, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been utilized to enhance disease resistance among different crops such as rice, cacao, wheat, tomato, and grape. This system allows for precise genome editing of various organisms via RNA-guided DNA endonuclease activity. Beyond genome editing in crops, editing the genomes of fungal and oomycete pathogens can also provide new strategies for plant disease management. This review focuses on the recent studies of plant disease resistance against fungal and oomycete pathogens using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. For long-term plant disease management, the targeting of multiple plant disease resistance mechanisms with CRISPR/Cas9 and insights gained by probing fungal and oomycete genomes with this system will be powerful approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan Chandra Paul
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Won Park
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sungyu Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jihyeon Ma
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Joshua S. MacCready
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Martin I. Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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22
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Geiser DM, Al-Hatmi AMS, Aoki T, Arie T, Balmas V, Barnes I, Bergstrom GC, Bhattacharyya MK, Blomquist CL, Bowden RL, Brankovics B, Brown DW, Burgess LW, Bushley K, Busman M, Cano-Lira JF, Carrillo JD, Chang HX, Chen CY, Chen W, Chilvers M, Chulze S, Coleman JJ, Cuomo CA, de Beer ZW, de Hoog GS, Del Castillo-Múnera J, Del Ponte EM, Diéguez-Uribeondo J, Di Pietro A, Edel-Hermann V, Elmer WH, Epstein L, Eskalen A, Esposto MC, Everts KL, Fernández-Pavía SP, da Silva GF, Foroud NA, Fourie G, Frandsen RJN, Freeman S, Freitag M, Frenkel O, Fuller KK, Gagkaeva T, Gardiner DM, Glenn AE, Gold SE, Gordon TR, Gregory NF, Gryzenhout M, Guarro J, Gugino BK, Gutierrez S, Hammond-Kosack KE, Harris LJ, Homa M, Hong CF, Hornok L, Huang JW, Ilkit M, Jacobs A, Jacobs K, Jiang C, Jiménez-Gasco MDM, Kang S, Kasson MT, Kazan K, Kennell JC, Kim HS, Kistler HC, Kuldau GA, Kulik T, Kurzai O, Laraba I, Laurence MH, Lee T, Lee YW, Lee YH, Leslie JF, Liew ECY, Lofton LW, Logrieco AF, López-Berges MS, Luque AG, Lysøe E, Ma LJ, Marra RE, Martin FN, May SR, McCormick SP, McGee C, Meis JF, Migheli Q, Mohamed Nor NMI, Monod M, Moretti A, Mostert D, Mulè G, Munaut F, Munkvold GP, Nicholson P, Nucci M, O'Donnell K, Pasquali M, Pfenning LH, Prigitano A, Proctor RH, Ranque S, Rehner SA, Rep M, Rodríguez-Alvarado G, Rose LJ, Roth MG, Ruiz-Roldán C, Saleh AA, Salleh B, Sang H, Scandiani MM, Scauflaire J, Schmale DG, Short DPG, Šišić A, Smith JA, Smyth CW, Son H, Spahr E, Stajich JE, Steenkamp E, Steinberg C, Subramaniam R, Suga H, Summerell BA, Susca A, Swett CL, Toomajian C, Torres-Cruz TJ, Tortorano AM, Urban M, Vaillancourt LJ, Vallad GE, van der Lee TAJ, Vanderpool D, van Diepeningen AD, Vaughan MM, Venter E, Vermeulen M, Verweij PE, Viljoen A, Waalwijk C, Wallace EC, Walther G, Wang J, Ward TJ, Wickes BL, Wiederhold NP, Wingfield MJ, Wood AKM, Xu JR, Yang XB, Yli-Mattila T, Yun SH, Zakaria L, Zhang H, Zhang N, Zhang SX, Zhang X. Phylogenomic Analysis of a 55.1-kb 19-Gene Dataset Resolves a Monophyletic Fusarium that Includes the Fusarium solani Species Complex. Phytopathology 2021; 111:1064-1079. [PMID: 33200960 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-20-0330-le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Scientific communication is facilitated by a data-driven, scientifically sound taxonomy that considers the end-user's needs and established successful practice. In 2013, the Fusarium community voiced near unanimous support for a concept of Fusarium that represented a clade comprising all agriculturally and clinically important Fusarium species, including the F. solani species complex (FSSC). Subsequently, this concept was challenged in 2015 by one research group who proposed dividing the genus Fusarium into seven genera, including the FSSC described as members of the genus Neocosmospora, with subsequent justification in 2018 based on claims that the 2013 concept of Fusarium is polyphyletic. Here, we test this claim and provide a phylogeny based on exonic nucleotide sequences of 19 orthologous protein-coding genes that strongly support the monophyly of Fusarium including the FSSC. We reassert the practical and scientific argument in support of a genus Fusarium that includes the FSSC and several other basal lineages, consistent with the longstanding use of this name among plant pathologists, medical mycologists, quarantine officials, regulatory agencies, students, and researchers with a stake in its taxonomy. In recognition of this monophyly, 40 species described as genus Neocosmospora were recombined in genus Fusarium, and nine others were renamed Fusarium. Here the global Fusarium community voices strong support for the inclusion of the FSSC in Fusarium, as it remains the best scientific, nomenclatural, and practical taxonomic option available.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Geiser
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | | | - Takayuki Aoki
- Genetic Resources Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Arie
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
| | - Virgilio Balmas
- Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Irene Barnes
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Gary C Bergstrom
- Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | | | - Cheryl L Blomquist
- Plant Pest Diagnostics Branch, California Department of Food and Agriculture, Sacramento, CA 95832, U.S.A
| | - Robert L Bowden
- Hard Winter Wheat Genetics Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Balázs Brankovics
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daren W Brown
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Lester W Burgess
- Sydney Institute of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Kathryn Bushley
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Mark Busman
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - José F Cano-Lira
- Mycology Unit and IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili Medical School, Reus, Spain
| | - Joseph D Carrillo
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, U.S.A
| | - Hao-Xun Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yu Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wanquan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Martin Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Sofia Chulze
- Research Institute on Mycology and Mycotoxicology, National Scientific and Technical Research Council, National University of Rio Cuarto, Rio Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jeffrey J Coleman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, U.S.A
| | | | - Z Wilhelm de Beer
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G Sybren de Hoog
- Department of Medical Mycology and Infectious Diseases, Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Emerson M Del Ponte
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Di Pietro
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Wade H Elmer
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, U.S.A
| | - Lynn Epstein
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Akif Eskalen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | | | - Kathryne L Everts
- Wye Research and Education Center, University of Maryland, Queenstown, MD 21658, U.S.A
| | - Sylvia P Fernández-Pavía
- Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro, Michoacán 58880, México
| | | | - Nora A Foroud
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Gerda Fourie
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Rasmus J N Frandsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stanley Freeman
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Michael Freitag
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, U.S.A
| | - Omer Frenkel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Kevin K Fuller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, U.S.A
| | - Tatiana Gagkaeva
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology, All-Russian Institute of Plant Protection, St. Petersburg-Pushkin, Russia
| | | | - Anthony E Glenn
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, U.S.A
| | - Scott E Gold
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, U.S.A
| | - Thomas R Gordon
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | - Nancy F Gregory
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, DE 19716, U.S.A
| | - Marieka Gryzenhout
- Department of Genetics, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Departament de Ciències Mèdiques Bàsiques, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Beth K Gugino
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | | | - Kim E Hammond-Kosack
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Linda J Harris
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Mónika Homa
- MTA-SZTE Fungal Pathogenicity Mechanisms Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Cheng-Fang Hong
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - László Hornok
- Institute of Plant Protection, Szent István University, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Jenn-Wen Huang
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Macit Ilkit
- Division of Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Çukurova, Sarıçam, Adana, Turkey
| | - Adriaana Jacobs
- Biosystematics Unit, Plant Health and Protection, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Karin Jacobs
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Cong Jiang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, People's Republic of China
| | - María Del Mar Jiménez-Gasco
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Seogchan Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Matthew T Kasson
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, U.S.A
| | - Kemal Kazan
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, St. Lucia, Australia
| | - John C Kennell
- Biology Department, St. Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63101, U.S.A
| | - Hye-Seon Kim
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - H Corby Kistler
- USDA-ARS Cereal Disease Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, U.S.A
| | - Gretchen A Kuldau
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Tomasz Kulik
- Department of Botany and Nature Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Oliver Kurzai
- German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections NRZMyk, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Imane Laraba
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Matthew H Laurence
- Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Garden and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
| | - Theresa Lee
- Microbial Safety Team, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yin-Won Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - John F Leslie
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, U.S.A
| | - Edward C Y Liew
- Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Garden and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
| | - Lily W Lofton
- Toxicology and Mycotoxin Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA 30605, U.S.A
| | - Antonio F Logrieco
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Research National Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Manuel S López-Berges
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alicia G Luque
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Referencia de Micología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Erik Lysøe
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Høgskoleveien, Ås, Norway
| | - Li-Jun Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
| | - Robert E Marra
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT 06504, U.S.A
| | - Frank N Martin
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, ARS-USDA, Salinas, CA 93905, U.S.A
| | - Sara R May
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Susan P McCormick
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Chyanna McGee
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Jacques F Meis
- Department of Medical Mycology and Infectious Diseases, Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Quirico Migheli
- Dipartimento di Agraria and Nucleo Ricerca Desertificazione, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - N M I Mohamed Nor
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Michel Monod
- Laboratoire de Mycologie, Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Moretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Research National Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Diane Mostert
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Giuseppina Mulè
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Research National Council, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Gary P Munkvold
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, U.S.A
| | - Paul Nicholson
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Marcio Nucci
- Hospital Universitário, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kerry O'Donnell
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Matias Pasquali
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Ludwig H Pfenning
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil
| | - Anna Prigitano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Robert H Proctor
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Stéphane Ranque
- Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Stephen A Rehner
- Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705, U.S.A
| | - Martijn Rep
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerardo Rodríguez-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro, Michoacán 58880, México
| | - Lindy Joy Rose
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Mitchell G Roth
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A
| | - Carmen Ruiz-Roldán
- Departamento de Genética, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Amgad A Saleh
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Baharuddin Salleh
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - María Mercedes Scandiani
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Centro de Referencia de Micología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Jonathan Scauflaire
- Centre de Recherche et de Formation Agronomie, Haute Ecole Louvain en Hainaut, Montignies-sur-Sambre, Belgium
| | - David G Schmale
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A
| | | | - Adnan Šišić
- Department of Ecological Plant Protection, University of Kassel, Witzenhausen, Germany
| | - Jason A Smith
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, U.S.A
| | - Christopher W Smyth
- Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY 13902, U.S.A
| | - Hokyoung Son
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ellie Spahr
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, U.S.A
| | - Jason E Stajich
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
| | - Emma Steenkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Christian Steinberg
- Agroécologie, AgroSup Dijon, INRAE, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - Rajagopal Subramaniam
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Haruhisa Suga
- Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Brett A Summerell
- Australian Institute of Botanical Science, Royal Botanic Garden and Domain Trust, Sydney, Australia
| | - Antonella Susca
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Research National Council, Bari, Italy
| | - Cassandra L Swett
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, U.S.A
| | | | - Terry J Torres-Cruz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Anna M Tortorano
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Martin Urban
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa J Vaillancourt
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, U.S.A
| | - Gary E Vallad
- Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598, U.S.A
| | - Theo A J van der Lee
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dan Vanderpool
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, U.S.A
| | - Anne D van Diepeningen
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martha M Vaughan
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Eduard Venter
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa
| | - Marcele Vermeulen
- Department of Microbial Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Paul E Verweij
- Department of Medical Mycology and Infectious Diseases, Center of Expertise in Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center, Canisius Wilhelmina Hospital, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Altus Viljoen
- Department of Plant Pathology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
| | - Cees Waalwijk
- Wageningen Plant Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Emma C Wallace
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, U.S.A
| | - Grit Walther
- German National Reference Center for Invasive Fungal Infections NRZMyk, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Jie Wang
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94702
| | - Todd J Ward
- Mycotoxin Prevention and Applied Microbiology Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, U.S.A
| | - Brian L Wickes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
| | - Nathan P Wiederhold
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
| | - Michael J Wingfield
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Ana K M Wood
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - Jin-Rong Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
| | - Xiao-Bing Yang
- Department of Crop Genetics, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sung-Hwan Yun
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, Republic of Korea
| | - Latiffah Zakaria
- School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, U.S.A
| | - Sean X Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, U.S.A
| | - Xue Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Xianyang, People's Republic of China
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Sang H, Li WJ, Zhou Y, Zhu H. [Advances in research on the relationship between bile acid, gut microbiota and the occurrence and development of cholangiocarcinoma]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2021; 29:493-496. [PMID: 34107593 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20200211-00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma is a kind of malignant tumor that originates from the bile duct epithelium. Due to its insidious nature, there is no effective early diagnosis and treatment method. Therefore, once it is detected, it is at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. Bile acid is the main component of bile, which acts on cholangiocytes through bile acid receptors and plays a key role in the development of cholangiocarcinoma. Gut microbiota can participate in the occurrence of cholangiocarcinoma by regulating bile acid metabolism. This review mainly focuses on the role of bile acid and bile acid receptors in the occurrence and development of cholangiocarcinoma and the impact of gut microbiota in it.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Sang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - W J Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Y Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - H Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital With Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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Peng J, Sang H, Proffer TJ, Gleason J, Outwater CA, Jung G, Sundin GW. A Method for the Examination of SDHI Fungicide Resistance Mechanisms in Phytopathogenic Fungi Using a Heterologous Expression System in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Phytopathology 2021; 111:819-830. [PMID: 33141650 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-09-20-0421-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) are a class of broad-spectrum fungicides used for management of diseases caused by phytopathogenic fungi. In many cases, reduced sensitivity to SDHI fungicides has been correlated with point mutations in the SdhB and SdhC target genes that encode components of the succinate dehydrogenase complex. However, the genetic basis of SDHI fungicide resistance mechanisms has been functionally characterized in very few fungi. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a fast-growing and SDHI fungicide-sensitive phytopathogenic fungus that can be conveniently transformed. Given the high amino acid sequence similarity and putative structural similarity of SDHI protein target sites between S. sclerotiorum and other common phytopathogenic ascomycete fungi, we developed an in vitro heterologous expression system that used S. sclerotiorum as a reporter strain. With this system, we were able to demonstrate the function of mutant SdhB or SdhC alleles from several ascomycete fungi in conferring resistance to multiple SDHI fungicides. In total, we successfully validated the function of Sdh alleles that had been previously identified in field isolates of Botrytis cinerea, Blumeriella jaapii, and Clarireedia jacksonii (formerly S. homoeocarpa) in conferring resistance to boscalid, fluopyram, or fluxapyroxad and used site-directed mutagenesis to construct and phenotype a mutant allele that is not yet known to exist in Monilinia fructicola populations. We also examined the functions of these alleles in conferring cross-resistance to more recently introduced SDHIs including inpyrfluxam, pydiflumetofen, and pyraziflumid. The approach developed in this study can be widely applied to interrogate SDHI fungicide resistance mechanisms in other phytopathogenic ascomycetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Peng
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Tyre J Proffer
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Jacqueline Gleason
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Cory A Outwater
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
| | - Geunhwa Jung
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, U.S.A
| | - George W Sundin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, U.S.A
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25
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Park WR, Lim DJ, Sang H, Kim E, Moon JH, Choi HS, Kim IS, Kim DK. Aphid estrogen-related receptor controls glycolytic gene expression and fecundity. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 130:103529. [PMID: 33485935 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aphids, the major insect pests of agricultural crops, reproduce sexually and asexually depending upon environmental factors such as the photoperiod and temperature. Nuclear receptors, a unique family of ligand-dependent transcription factors, control insect development and growth including morphogenesis, molting, and metamorphosis. However, the structural features and biological functions of the aphid estrogen-related receptor (ERR) are largely unknown. Here, we cloned full-length cDNA encoding the ERR in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (MpERR) and demonstrated that the MpERR modulated glycolytic gene expression and aphid fecundity. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that the MpERR originated in a unique evolutionary lineage distinct from those of hemipteran insects. Moreover, the AF-2 domain of the MpERR conferred nuclear localization and transcriptional activity. The overexpression of the MpERR significantly upregulated the gene expression of rate-limiting enzymes involved in glycolysis such as phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase by directly binding to ERR-response elements in their promoters. Moreover, ERR-deficient viviparous female aphids showed decreased glycolytic gene expression and produced fewer offspring. These results suggest that the aphid ERR plays a pivotal role in glycolytic transcriptional control and fecundity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Ram Park
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Da Jung Lim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eunae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hak Moon
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hueng-Sik Choi
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - In Seon Kim
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Institute of Environmentally Friendly Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
| | - Don-Kyu Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Guo ZX, Zhou FZ, Song W, Yu LL, Yan WJ, Yin LH, Sang H, Zhang HY. Suppression of microRNA-101 attenuates hypoxia-induced myocardial H9c2 cell injury by targeting DIMT1-Sp1/survivin pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:11986. [PMID: 33336713 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202012_23952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The article "Suppression of microRNA-101 attenuates hypoxia-induced myocardial H9c2 cell injury by targeting DIMT1-Sp1/survivin pathway, by Z.-X. Guo, F.-Z. Zhou, W. Song, L.-L. Yu, W.-J. Yan, L.-H. Yin, H. Sang, H.-Y. Zhang, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22 (20): 6965-6976-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201810_16167-PMID: 30402863" has been withdrawn from the authors due to some inaccuracies. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/16167.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-X Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
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Kong QT, Duan YY, Yuan F, Chen J, Liu F, Dang YC, Sang H. Subcutaneous Infection Caused by Cladosporium sphaerospermum: A Case Report. Mycopathologia 2020; 186:135-136. [PMID: 33136225 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-020-00503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Q T Kong
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Y Duan
- Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, 210042, People's Republic of China
| | - F Yuan
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - J Chen
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - F Liu
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Y C Dang
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - H Sang
- Jinling Hospital, Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China.
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Peng J, Rojas JA, Sang H, Proffer TJ, Outwater CA, Vilgalys R, Sundin GW. Draft Genome Sequence Resource for Blumeriella jaapii, the Cherry Leaf Spot Pathogen. Phytopathology 2020; 110:1507-1510. [PMID: 32338196 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-03-20-0082-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Blumeriella jaapii is the causal agent of cherry leaf spot (CLS), the most important disease of tart cherry in the Midwestern United States. Infection of leaves by B. jaapii leads to premature defoliation, which places trees at heightened risk of winter injury and death. Current management of CLS relies primarily on the application of three important fungicide classes, quinone outside inhibitors, sterol demethylation inhibitors, and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors. Here, we present the first high-quality genome of B. jaapii through a hybrid assembly of PacBio long reads and Illumina short reads. The assembled draft genome of B. jaapii is 47.4 Mb and consists of 95 contigs with a N50 value of 1.5 Mb. The genomic information of B. jaapii, representing the most complete sequenced genome of the family Dermateaceae (Ascomycota) to date, provides a valuable resource for identifying fungicide resistance mechanisms of this pathogen and expands our knowledge of the phytopathogenic fungi in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyu Peng
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - J Alejandro Rojas
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, U.S.A
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Tyre J Proffer
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Cory A Outwater
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
| | - Rytas Vilgalys
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - George W Sundin
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, U.S.A
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Ma M, Sang H, Ye Y, Zhuang H, Zhuang Z, Qiu Y, Li X, Xu D, Jiang MH. An analysis of the variations and clinical applications of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2020; 80:557-566. [PMID: 32827310 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2020.0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying the arterial variation of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) is a vital step in planning surgical and radiological approach. The aim of the study was to evaluate the variations and discuss the clinical correlates of the LCFA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty eight adult cadavers (male 45, female 13) with 115 usable sides were used to assess and classify the origin and branches of the LCFA. Also its external diameter, distance from mid-inguinal ligament to sites of origin from the profunda femoris artery or femoral arteries. RESULTS There were seven types of LCFA variations in this sample. We classified them as types A to G, of which type A was normal, that is, the one showing a single LCFA arising from the profunda femoris artery. Nearly 50.43% of the sample had type B-G variations, each having 13, 10, 23, 4, 4, and 3 cases, accounting for 11.30%, 8.70%, 20.00%, 3.48%, 3.48%, and 2.61%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS There are many variant types in the LCFA. To avoid iatrogenic injuries, clinicians must have a sound understanding of the variation types of this important blood vessel.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ma
- Department of Human Anatomy Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - H Sang
- Department of Human Anatomy Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Y Ye
- Department of Human Anatomy Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - H Zhuang
- Department of Human Anatomy Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Z Zhuang
- Department of Human Anatomy Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Y Qiu
- Department of Human Anatomy Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - X Li
- Department of Human Anatomy Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - D Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - M H Jiang
- Department of Human Anatomy Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.
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30
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Chen P, Liu J, Zeng M, Sang H. Exploring the molecular mechanism of azole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus. J Mycol Med 2020; 30:100915. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2019.100915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Roth MG, Oudman KA, Griffin A, Jacobs JL, Sang H, Chilvers MI. Diagnostic qPCR Assay to Detect Fusarium brasiliense, a Causal Agent of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome and Root Rot of Dry Bean. Plant Dis 2020; 104:246-254. [PMID: 31644390 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-01-19-0016-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Species within clade 2 of the Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) are significant pathogens of dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) and soybean (Glycine max), causing root rot and/or sudden death syndrome (SDS). These species are morphologically difficult to distinguish and often require molecular tools for proper diagnosis to a species level. Here, a TaqMan probe-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay was developed to distinguish Fusarium brasiliense from other closely related species within clade 2 of the FSSC. The assay displays high specificity against close relatives and high sensitivity, with a detection limit of 100 fg. This assay was able to detect F. brasiliense from purified mycelia, infected dry bean roots, and soil samples throughout Michigan. When multiplexed with an existing qPCR assay specific to Fusarium virguliforme, accurate quantification of both F. brasiliense and F. virguliforme was obtained, which can facilitate accurate diagnoses and identify coinfections with a single reaction. The assay is compatible with multiple qPCR thermal cycling platforms and will be helpful in providing accurate detection of F. brasiliense. Management of root rot and SDS pathogens in clade 2 of the FSSC is challenging and must be done proactively, because no midseason management strategies currently exist. However, accurate detection can facilitate management decisions for subsequent growing seasons to successfully manage these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell G Roth
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Kjersten A Oudman
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Amanda Griffin
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Janette L Jacobs
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
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Noel ZA, Sang H, Roth MG, Chilvers MI. Convergent Evolution of C239S Mutation in Pythium spp. β-Tubulin Coincides with Inherent Insensitivity to Ethaboxam and Implications for Other Peronosporalean Oomycetes. Phytopathology 2019; 109:2087-2095. [PMID: 31070989 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-01-19-0022-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ethaboxam is a benzamide antioomycete chemical (oomicide) used in corn and soybean seed treatments. Benzamides are hypothesized to bind to β-tubulin, thus disrupting microtubule assembly. Recently, there have been reports of corn- and soybean-associated oomycetes that are insensitive to ethaboxam despite never having been exposed. Here, we investigate the evolutionary history and molecular mechanism of ethaboxam insensitivity. We tested the sensitivity of 194 isolates representing 83 species across four oomycete genera in the Peronosporalean lineage that were never exposed to ethaboxam. In all, 84% of isolates were sensitive to ethaboxam (effective concentration to reduce optical density at 600 nm by 50% when compared with the nonamended control [EC50] < 5 μg ml-1), whereas 16% were insensitive (EC50 > 11 μg ml-1). Of the insensitive isolates, two different transversion mutations were present in the 239th codon in β-tubulin within three monophyletic groups of Pythium spp. The transversion mutations lead to the same amino acid change from an ancestral cysteine to serine (C239S), which coincides with ethaboxam insensitivity. In a treated soybean seed virulence assay, disease severity was not reduced on ethaboxam-treated seed for an isolate of Pythium aphanidermatum containing a S239 but was reduced for an isolate of P. irregulare containing a C239. We queried publicly available β-tubulin sequences from other oomycetes in the Peronosporalean lineage to search for C239S mutations from other species not represented in our collection. This search resulted in other taxa that were either homozygous or heterozygous for C239S, including all available species within the genus Peronospora. Evidence presented herein supports the hypothesis that the convergent evolution of C239S within Peronosporalean oomycetes occurred without selection from ethaboxam yet confers insensitivity. We propose several evolutionary hypotheses for the repeated evolution of the C239S mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary A Noel
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Mitchell G Roth
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Program in Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
- Genetics Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
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Green R, Sang H, Im J, Jung G. Chlorothalonil biotransformation by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases in Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 365:5089970. [PMID: 30184177 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fny214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s have been shown to play a vital role in the xenobiotic detoxification system of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, the causal agent of the turfgrass disease dollar spot. A previous study indicated that three CYP450s were validated to play a functional role in resistance against different fungicide classes including propiconazole and plant growth regulator, flurprimidol. In this study, we present these CYP450s possess the capability to modify the multi-site mode of action fungicide chlorothalonil. Chlorothalonil is an extensively used contact fungicide and has been shown to persist in soils. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) indicated faster rates of chlorothalonil biotransformation by CYP561 and CYP65 overexpression strains when compared to the wild-type and CYP68 overexpression strain. Our GC-MS results show that the primary transformation intermediate found in soils, 4-hydroxy-2,5,6 trichloro-isophthalonitrile is produced by CYP450s' metabolism. These findings suggest fungal CYP450s can biotransform chlorothalonil for biodegradation or detoxification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Green
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, 161 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.,Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, 161 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.,Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jeongdae Im
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS
| | - Geunhwa Jung
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, 161 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Park JH, Oh J, Sang H, Shrestha B, Lee H, Koo J, Cho SI, Choi JS, Lee MH, Kim J, Sung GH. Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Profiles of Cyberlindnera fabianii in Korea. Mycobiology 2019; 47:449-456. [PMID: 32010466 PMCID: PMC6968713 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2019.1651592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections caused by Cyberlindnera fabianii have recently increased. However, biochemical kits such as API 20 C AUX and Vitek-2C have misidentified this species as other Candida spp. such as C. pelliculosa or C. utilis due to no information of Cy. fabianii in yeast database. During our 2016-2017 surveys, eleven isolates of Cy. fabianii were obtained in International St. Mary's Hospital in Korea. Here, we describe its morphological and molecular characteristics and tested its antifungal susceptibility against nine antifungal agents. The sequences of the ITS region and the D1/D2 region of LSU revealed 100% identity with the sequences of Cy. fabianii. In comparison with the results from MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, we found that Cy. fabianii can be distinguished from other species. In antifungal susceptibility test, voriconazole and echinocandins exhibited good antifungal activities against the majority of Cy. fabianii isolates despite the absence of standard criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyun Park
- Translational Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Junsang Oh
- Translational Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Translational Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Bhushan Shrestha
- Translational Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jehyun Koo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji Seon Choi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Min-Ha Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Translational Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary’s Hospital and College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung-si, Korea
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Chang HX, Tan R, Hartman GL, Wen Z, Sang H, Domier LL, Whitham SA, Wang D, Chilvers MI. Characterization of Soybean STAY-GREEN Genes in Susceptibility to Foliar Chlorosis of Sudden Death Syndrome. Plant Physiol 2019; 180:711-717. [PMID: 30952683 PMCID: PMC6548243 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Genetic mappings for soybean sudden death syndrome foliar chlorosis suggested that STAY-GREEN genes with loss-of-susceptibility mechanism may have different breeding merits for disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Xun Chang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Ruijuan Tan
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Glen L Hartman
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Zixiang Wen
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Leslie L Domier
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
- U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Steven A Whitham
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Dechun Wang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
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Wang J, Sang H, Jacobs JL, Oudman KA, Hanson LE, Chilvers MI. Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome Causal Agent Fusarium brasiliense Present in Michigan. Plant Dis 2019; 103:1234-1243. [PMID: 30932735 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-18-1332-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by members of Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC) clade 2, is a major and economically important disease in soybean worldwide. The primary causal agent of SDS isolated to date in North America has been F. virguliforme. In 2014 and 2016, SDS symptoms were found in two soybean fields located on the same farm in Michigan. Seventy Fusarium strains were isolated from roots of the SDS-symptomatic soybeans in two fields. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences of elongation factor-1α, the nuclear ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer region, and the RNA polymerase II beta subunit revealed that the primary FSSC species isolated was F. brasiliense (58 and 36% in each field) and the remaining Fusarium strains were identified as F. cuneirostrum, F. phaseoli, an undescribed Fusarium sp. from FSSC clade 2, and strains in FSSC clade 5 and FSSC clade 11. Molecular identification was supported with morphological analysis and a pathogenicity assay. The soybean seedling pathogenicity assay indicated that F. brasiliense was capable of causing typical foliar SDS symptoms. Both root rot and foliar disease severity were variable by strain, just as they are in F. virguliforme. Both FSSC 5 and FSSC 11 strains were also capable of causing root rot, but SDS foliar symptoms were not detected. To our knowledge, this is the first report of F. brasiliense causing SDS in soybean in the United States and the first report of F. cuneirostrum, F. phaseoli, an as-yet-unnamed Fusarium sp., and strains in FSSC clade 5 and FSSC clade 11 associated with or causing root rot of soybean in Michigan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- 1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- 1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Janette L Jacobs
- 1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Kjersten A Oudman
- 1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
| | - Linda E Hanson
- 1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
- 2 Sugar Beet and Bean Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- 1 Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824; and
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37
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Li X, Guan L, Zilundu PLM, Chen J, Chen Z, Ma M, Zhuang H, Zhuang Z, Qiu Y, Ye F, Wu X, Sang H, Ye Y, Han Y, Yao H, Li H, Zhong G, Wu H, Jiang Z, Chu G, Xu D, Zhou L. The applied anatomy and clinical significance of the proximal, V1 segment of vertebral artery. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 2019; 78:710-719. [PMID: 30949997 DOI: 10.5603/fm.a2019.0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to probe the morphological features of the proximal segment (V1) of vertebral artery (VA) in a sample of Chinese cadavers. MATERIALS AND METHODS The origin, course and outer diameter at origin of the pre-vertebral part of the VAs were evaluated in 119 adult cadavers. RESULTS It was found that 94.12% of the VAs originated from the subclavian arteries, bilaterally. The variant origins were present in 5.88% of the cadavers and all originated directly from the arch of the aorta. All the variations were observed on the left side of male cadavers. The average outer diameters at origin of the normal and variation groups were 4.35 ± 1.00 mm and 4.82 ± ± 1.42 mm, respectively, p = 0.035. In the normal group, but not in the variation group, the average diameter in the males was significantly larger than that in the females (4.50 ± 0.99 mm, 3.92 ± 0.92 mm, respectively, p = 0.000). In addition, only 5 cadavers in the normal group had hypoplastic VAs (4.20%, 4 males, 3 right-sided). Vertebral artery dominance (VAD) was present in 91 (69 males) out of 112 cadavers and more common on the left (n = 48). In addition, 3 cadavers satisfied conditions for coexistence of VAD and vertebral artery hypoplasia. All 7 cadavers in the variation group exhibited VAD, which was more common on the right side (n = 5). CONCLUSIONS The morphologic variations and frequencies described above have implications for the early prevention, abnormal anatomy detection, accurate diagnosis, safe surgery and endovascular treatment of cardiovascular and neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - L Guan
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Prince L M Zilundu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - J Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Z Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - M Ma
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - H Zhuang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Z Zhuang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y Qiu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - F Ye
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - X Wu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - H Sang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y Ye
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Y Han
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - H Yao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - G Zhong
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - H Wu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Z Jiang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - G Chu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
| | - D Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - L Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.,Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China
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Sang H, Popko JT, Jung G. Evaluation of a Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Population with Multiple Fungicide Resistance Phenotypes Under Differing Selection Pressures. Plant Dis 2019; 103:685-690. [PMID: 30702386 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-06-18-1080-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Dollar spot, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, is one of the most significant diseases of cool-season turfgrass on golf courses. Resistance to the benzimidazole, dicarboximide, and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) classes and reduced sensitivity to the sterol-demethylation inhibitor (DMI) in S. homoeocarpa populations have been widely reported in the United States. Moreover, the occurrence of S. homoeocarpa populations with multiple fungicide resistance (MFR) is a growing problem on golf courses. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of DMI, dicarboximide, and SDHI against a S. homoeocarpa population with MFR on a Connecticut golf course fairway from 2014 to 2016. Also, because the S. homoeocarpa population consisted of four different phenotypes with differing resistance profiles to benzimidazole, dicarboximide, and DMI, in vitro sensitivity assays were used to understand the dynamics of the MFR population in the presence and absence of fungicide selection pressures. Results indicated that boscalid fungicide (SDHI) was able to provide an acceptable control of the MFR dollar spot population. Propiconazole or iprodione application selected isolates with both DMI and dicarboximide resistance (DMI-R/Dicar-R). In the absence of fungicide selection pressures, the percent frequency of DMI-R/Dicar-R or DMI and benzimidazole resistance (DMI-R/Ben-R) isolates declined in the population. Out of the four phenotypes, the percent frequency of isolates with DMI, dicarboximide, and benzimidazole resistance (DMI-R/Dicar-R/Ben-R) was the lowest in the population regardless of fungicide selection pressures. Our first report of MFR population dynamics will help develop effective strategies for managing MFR and potentially delay the emergence of future resistant populations in S. homoeocarpa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyu Sang
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - James T Popko
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Geunhwa Jung
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
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Sang H, Chang HX, Chilvers MI. A Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Transcription Factor Involved in Sclerotial Development and Virulence on Pea. mSphere 2019; 4:e00615-18. [PMID: 30674647 PMCID: PMC6344603 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00615-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a plant-pathogenic ascomycete fungus and infects over 400 host plants, including pea (Pisum sativum L.). The fungus causes white mold on pea, and substantial yield loss is attributed to the disease. To improve white mold management, further understanding of S. sclerotiorum pathogenicity is crucial. In this study, 389 transcription factors (TFs) were mined from the complete genome sequence of S. sclerotiorum and their in planta expression patterns were determined in susceptible and partially resistant pea lines and compared to in vitro expression patterns on culture medium. One of the transcription factors was significantly induced in planta at 24 and 48 h postinfection compared to the expression in vitro This putative C6 transcription factor of S. sclerotiorum (SsC6TF1) was knocked down using a gene-silencing approach to investigate its functions in vegetative growth and sclerotial development as well as its virulence and pathogenicity in pea. While the SsC6TF1 knockdown mutants had hyphal growth rates identical to those of the wild-type strain and were capable of infection, the knockdown mutants produced no sclerotia or significantly fewer and smaller sclerotia on the culture medium and exhibited reduced virulence on both pea lines. This study profiled genome-wide expression for S. sclerotiorum transcription factors in planta and in vitro and functionally characterized a novel transcription factor, SsC6TF1, which positively regulates sclerotial development and virulence on pea. The finding provides molecular insights into S. sclerotiorum biology and interaction with pea and other economically important crops.IMPORTANCE White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a destructive disease on important legume species such as soybean, dry bean, and pea. This study investigated expression levels of transcription factors in S. sclerotiorumin planta (pea lines) and in vitro (culture medium). One transcription factor displaying high expression in planta was found to be involved in sclerotial development and virulence on pea. This report provides a new understanding regarding transcription factors of S. sclerotiorum in development and virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Hao-Xun Chang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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40
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Popko JT, Sang H, Lee J, Yamada T, Hoshino Y, Jung G. Resistance of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Field Isolates to Succinate Dehydrogenase Inhibitor Fungicides. Plant Dis 2018; 102:2625-2631. [PMID: 30307834 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-12-17-2025-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sclerotinia homoeocarpa isolates were collected from golf courses in Japan and the United States (2016-2017). Japan isolates were collected during a monitoring study and the U.S. isolates were collected due to field failure. Five succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) active ingredients (boscalid, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, isofetamid, and penthiopyrad) were examined using in vitro sensitivity assays to determine cross-resistance. Sequence analysis revealed a point mutation leading to an amino acid substitution (H267Y) and a silent mutation (CTT to CTC) at codon 181 in the SdhB subunit gene. Isolates with the B-H267Y (n = 10) mutation were resistant to boscalid and penthiopyrad and had increased sensitivity to fluopyram. SdhB silent mutation 181C>T isolates (n = 2) were resistant to boscalid, isofetamid, and penthiopyrad. Sequence analysis revealed 3 mutations leading to an amino acid substitution (G91R, n = 5; G150R, n = 1; G159W, n = 1) in the SdhC subunit gene. Isolates harboring the SdhC (G91R or G150R) mutations were resistant to boscalid, fluxapyroxad, isofetamid, and penthiopyrad. A genetic transformation system was used to generate mutants from a SDHI sensitive isolate to confirm the B-H267Y and C-G91R mutations were direct determinants of SDHI resistance and associated with in vitro sensitivity assay results.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Popko
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil, and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Toshihiko Yamada
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0606-0808, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Hoshino
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0606-0808, Japan
| | - Geunhwa Jung
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; and Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0606-0808, Japan
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Guo ZX, Zhou FZ, Song W, Yu LL, Yan WJ, Yin LH, Sang H, Zhang HY. Suppression of microRNA-101 attenuates hypoxia-induced myocardial H9c2 cell injury by targeting DIMT1-Sp1/survivin pathway. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2018; 22:6965-6976. [PMID: 30402863 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201810_16167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small single-stranded RNAs in eukaryotic cells, which play important regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of various diseases. We aimed to investigate the effects of miRNA-101 (miR-101) on hypoxia-induced myocardial infarction (MI) cell injury model (myocardial H9c2 cell injury model). The possible target gene of miR-101 was also analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS H9c2 cells were exposed to hypoxia treatment. Cell viability, migration, invasion, apoptosis and the expression of miR-101 were detected using CCK-8 assay, transwell assay, flow cytometer analysis, Western blotting and qRT-PCR, respectively. Then, the effects of miR-101 overexpression or suppression on the cell injury induced by hypoxia were assessed. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the possible target gene of miR-101. Finally, the effects of dimethyladenosine transferase 1 homolog (DIMT1), the possible target gene of miR-101, on H9c2 cell injury were investigated. RESULTS Hypoxia significantly induced H9c2 cell injury. miR-101 was up-regulated after hypoxia induction. Hypoxia-induced cell injury was significantly reversed by miR-101 suppression and exacerbated by miR-101 overexpression. DIMT1 was a direct target gene of miR-101. Knockdown of DIMT1 markedly inhibited the protective effects of miR-101 suppression on hypoxia-induced cell injury by suppressing specific protein 1 (Sp1)/Survivin pathway. CONCLUSIONS We verified the critical roles of miR-101 in regulating myocardial cell injury induced by hypoxia. DIMT1-mediated the Sp1/Survivin pathway was also involved in this process. Our findings replenished the understanding of the regulatory roles of miRNAs in hypoxia-induced MI cell injury and provided new molecular target for therapy and diagnosis of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-X Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China.
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Sang H, Witte A, Jacobs JL, Chang HX, Wang J, Roth MG, Chilvers MI. Fluopyram Sensitivity and Functional Characterization of SdhB in the Fusarium solani Species Complex Causing Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2335. [PMID: 30327645 PMCID: PMC6174223 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, fluopyram, is used as a soybean seed treatment to manage Fusarium virguliforme, the casual agent of sudden death syndrome (SDS). More recently, other species within clade 2 of the Fusarium solani species, F. tucumaniae in South America and F. brasiliense in America and Africa, have been recognized as additional agents capable of causing SDS. To determine if fluopyram could be used for management of SDS caused by these species, in vitro sensitivity tests of the three Fusarium species to fluopyram were conducted. The mean EC50 values of F. brasiliense and F. virguliforme strains to fluopyram were 1.96 and 2.21 μg ml-1, respectively, but interestingly F. tucumaniae strains were highly sensitive (mean EC50 = 0.25 μg ml-1) to fluopyram compared to strains of the other two species. A sequence analysis of Sdh genes of Fusarium strains revealed that the F. tucumaniae strains contain an arginine at codon 277 in the SdhB gene instead of a glycine as in other Fusarium species. Replacement of glycine to arginine in SdhB-277 in a F. virguliforme wild-type strain Mont-1 through genetic transformation resulted in increased sensitivity to two SDHI fungicides, fluopyram and boscalid. Similar to a F. tucumaniae strain, the Mont-1 (SdhBG277R) mutant caused less SDS and root rot disease than Mont-1 on soybean seedlings with the fluopyram seed treatment. Our study suggests the amino acid difference in the SdhB in F. tucumaniae results in fluopyram being efficacious if used as a seed treatment for management of F. tucumaniae, which is the most abundant SDS causing species in South America. The establishment of baseline sensitivity of Fusarium species to fluopyram will contribute to effective strategies for managing Fusarium diseases in soybean and other pathosystems such as dry bean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Alexander Witte
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Janette L. Jacobs
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Hao-Xun Chang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Mitchell G. Roth
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
- Genetics Graduate Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Martin I. Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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Chang HX, Noel ZA, Sang H, Chilvers MI. Annotation resource of tandem repeat-containing secretory proteins in sixty fungi. Fungal Genet Biol 2018; 119:7-19. [PMID: 30026018 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fungal secretory proteins that interact with host plants are regarded as effectors. Because fungal effectors rarely contain conserved sequence features, identification and annotation of fungal effectors from predicted secretory proteins are difficult using outward comparison methods such as BLAST or hidden Markov model. In desire of more sequence features to prioritize research interests of fungal secretory proteins, this study developed a pipeline to identify tandem repeat (TR) domain within putative secretory proteins and tested a hypothesis that at least one type of TR domain in non-orthologous secretory proteins has emerged from convergent evolution for plant pathogenicity. There were 2804 types of TR domains and a total of 2925 TR-containing secretory proteins found from 60 fungi. There was no conserved type of TR domain shared only by plant pathogens, indicating functional divergence for different types of TR domain and TR-containing secretory proteins. The annotation resource of putative fungal TR-containing secretory proteins provides new sequence features that will be useful for the community interested in fungal effector biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Xun Chang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, United States
| | - Zachary A Noel
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, United States
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, United States
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, MI, United States.
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Sang H, Hulvey JP, Green R, Xu H, Im J, Chang T, Jung G. A Xenobiotic Detoxification Pathway through Transcriptional Regulation in Filamentous Fungi. mBio 2018; 9:e00457-18. [PMID: 30018104 PMCID: PMC6050962 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00457-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungi are known to utilize transcriptional regulation of genes that encode efflux transporters to detoxify xenobiotics; however, to date it is unknown how fungi transcriptionally regulate and coordinate different phases of detoxification system (phase I, modification; phase II, conjugation; and phase III, secretion). Here we present evidence of an evolutionary convergence between the fungal and mammalian lineages, whereby xenobiotic detoxification genes (phase I coding for cytochrome P450 monooxygenases [CYP450s] and phase III coding for ATP-binding cassette [ABC] efflux transporters) are transcriptionally regulated by structurally unrelated proteins. Following next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of a filamentous fungus, Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, the causal agent of dollar spot on turfgrasses, a multidrug resistant (MDR) field strain was found to overexpress phase I and III genes, coding for CYP450s and ABC transporters for xenobiotic detoxification. Furthermore, there was confirmation of a gain-of-function mutation of the fungus-specific transcription factor S. homoeocarpa XDR1 (ShXDR1), which is responsible for constitutive and induced overexpression of the phase I and III genes, resulting in resistance to multiple classes of fungicidal chemicals. This fungal pathogen detoxifies xenobiotics through coordinated transcriptional control of CYP450s, biotransforming xenobiotics with different substrate specificities and ABC transporters, excreting a broad spectrum of xenobiotics or biotransformed metabolites. A Botrytis cinerea strain harboring the mutated ShXDR1 showed increased expression of phase I (BcCYP65) and III (BcatrD) genes, resulting in resistance to fungicides. This indicates the regulatory system is conserved in filamentous fungi. This molecular genetic mechanism for xenobiotic detoxification in fungi holds potential for facilitating discovery of new antifungal drugs and further studies of convergent and divergent evolution of xenobiotic detoxification in eukaryote lineages.IMPORTANCE Emerging multidrug resistance (MDR) in pathogenic filamentous fungi is a significant threat to human health and agricultural production. Understanding mechanisms of MDR is essential to combating fungal pathogens; however, there is still limited information on MDR mechanisms conferred by xenobiotic detoxification. Here, we report for the first time that overexpression of phase I drug-metabolizing monooxygenases (cytochrome P450s) and phase III ATP-binding cassette efflux transporters is regulated by a gain-of-function mutation in the fungus-specific transcription factor in the MDR strains of the filamentous plant-pathogenic fungus Sclerotinia homoeocarpa This study establishes a novel molecular mechanism of MDR through the xenobiotic detoxification pathway in filamentous fungi, which may facilitate the discovery of new antifungal drugs to control pathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyu Sang
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan P Hulvey
- Department of Biology, Eastern Connecticut State University, Willimantic, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert Green
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hao Xu
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jeongdae Im
- Department of Civil Engineering, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Taehyun Chang
- School of Ecology and Environmental System, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea
| | - Geunhwa Jung
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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Chang H, Sang H, Wang J, McPhee KE, Zhuang X, Porter LD, Chilvers MI. Exploring the genetics of lesion and nodal resistance in pea ( Pisum sativum L.) to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum using genome-wide association studies and RNA-Seq. Plant Direct 2018; 2:e00064. [PMID: 31245727 PMCID: PMC6508546 DOI: 10.1002/pld3.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The disease white mold caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a significant threat to pea production, and improved resistance to this disease is needed. Nodal resistance in plants is a phenomenon where a fungal infection is prevented from passing through a node, and the infection is limited to an internode region. Nodal resistance has been observed in some pathosystems such as the pea (Pisum sativum L.)-S. sclerotiorum pathosystem. In addition to nodal resistance, different pea lines display different levels of stem lesion size restriction, referred to as lesion resistance. It is unclear whether the genetics of lesion resistance and nodal resistance are identical or different. This study applied genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and RNA-Seq to understand the genetic makeup of these two types of resistance. The time series RNA-Seq experiment consisted of two pea lines (the susceptible 'Lifter' and the partially resistant PI 240515), two treatments (mock inoculated samples and S. sclerotiorum-inoculated samples), and three time points (12, 24, and 48 hr post inoculation). Integrated results from GWAS and RNA-Seq analyses identified different redox-related transcripts for lesion and nodal resistances. A transcript encoding a glutathione S-transferase was the only shared resistance variant for both phenotypes. There were more leucine rich-repeat containing transcripts found for lesion resistance, while different candidate resistance transcripts such as a VQ motif-containing protein and a myo-inositol oxygenase were found for nodal resistance. This study demonstrated the robustness of combining GWAS and RNA-Seq for identifying white mold resistance in pea, and results suggest different genetics underlying lesion and nodal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao‐Xun Chang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
| | - Kevin E. McPhee
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant PathologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMontana
| | - Xiaofeng Zhuang
- Department of Horticulture and Crop ScienceThe Ohio State UniversityWoosterOhio
| | | | - Martin I. Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichigan
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Kou CX, Zhang YY, Kong QT, Li J, Zhang M, Li GW, Chen J, Liu F, Ren JA, Sang H. The author's reply to comment on 'psoriasis/inflammatory bowel diseases: a time to solve the liaison'. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2018; 32:e340-e341. [PMID: 29512193 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C X Kou
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q T Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - G W Li
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J A Ren
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - H Sang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Kou CX, Zhang YY, Li GW, Li J, Kong QT, Chen J, Liu F, Zhang M, Wang FY, Jiang Y, Hao LY, Ren JA, Sang H. Mucocutaneous manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease in central China -a single-centre study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2017; 32:e211-e212. [PMID: 29194792 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.14720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C X Kou
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Y Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - G W Li
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Li
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q T Kong
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - M Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - F Y Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Y Hao
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - J A Ren
- Department of Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - H Sang
- Department of Dermatology, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Ding P, Ren D, He S, He M, Zhang G, Chen Y, Sang H, Peng Z, Yan W. Sirt1 mediates improvement in cognitive defects induced by focal cerebral ischemia following hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning in rats. Physiol Res 2017; 66:1029-1039. [PMID: 28937253 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning (HBO-PC) has been proposed as a safe and practical approach for neuroprotection in ischemic stroke. However, it is not known whether HPO-PC can improve cognitive deficits induced by cerebral ischemia, and the mechanistic basis for any beneficial effects remains unclear. We addressed this in the present study using rats subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) as an ischemic stroke model following HBO-PC. Cognitive function and expression of phosphorylated neurofilament heavy polypeptide (pNF-H) and doublecortin (DCX) in the hippocampus were evaluated 14 days after reperfusion and after short interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of sirtuin1 (Sirt1). HBO-PC increased pNF-H and DCX expression and mitigated cognitive deficits in MCAO rats. However, these effects were abolished by Sirt1 knockdown. Our results suggest that HBO-PC can protect the brain from injury caused by ischemia-reperfusion and that Sirt1 is a potential molecular target for therapeutic approaches designed to minimize cognitive deficits caused by cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China, Department of Psychiatry, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China. pengzhengwu1446@ 163.com and
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Li J, Sang H, Guo H, Popko JT, He L, White JC, Parkash Dhankher O, Jung G, Xing B. Antifungal mechanisms of ZnO and Ag nanoparticles to Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:155101. [PMID: 28294107 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa61f3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides have extensively been used to effectively combat fungal diseases on a range of plant species, but resistance to multiple active ingredients has developed in pathogens such as Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, the causal agent of dollar spot on cool-season turfgrasses. Recently, ZnO and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) have received increased attention due to their antimicrobial activities. In this study, the NPs' toxicity and mechanisms of action were investigated as alternative antifungal agents against S. homoeocarpa isolates that varied in their resistance to demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicides. S. homoeocarpa isolates were treated with ZnO NPs and ZnCl2 (25-400 μg ml-1) and Ag NPs and AgNO3 (5-100 μg ml-1) to test antifungal activity of the NPs and ions. The mycelial growth of S. homoeocarpa isolates regardless of their DMI sensitivity was significantly inhibited on ZnO NPs (≥200 μg ml-1), Ag NPs (≥25 μg ml-1), Zn2+ ions (≥200 μg ml-1), and Ag+ ions (≥10 μg ml-1) amended media. Expression of stress response genes, glutathione S-transferase (Shgst1) and superoxide dismutase 2 (ShSOD2), was significantly induced in the isolates by exposure to the NPs and ions. In addition, a significant increase in the nucleic acid contents of fungal hyphae, which may be due to stress response, was observed upon treatment with Ag NPs using Raman spectroscopy. We further observed that a zinc transporter (Shzrt1) might play an important role in accumulating ZnO and Ag NPs into the cells of S. homoeocarpa due to overexpression of Shzrt1 significantly induced by ZnO or Ag NPs within 3 h of exposure. Yeast mutants complemented with Shzrt1 became more sensitive to ZnO and Ag NPs as well as Zn2+ and Ag+ ions than the control strain and resulted in increased Zn or Ag content after exposure. This is the first report of involvement of the zinc transporter in the accumulation of Zn and Ag from NP exposure in filamentous plant pathogenic fungi. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of NPs' antifungal activities will be useful in developing effective management strategies to control important pathogenic fungal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Li
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, 161 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003, United States of America. School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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50
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Sang H, Popko JT, Chang T, Jung G. Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Qualitative and Quantitative Resistance to the Dicarboximide Fungicide Iprodione in Sclerotinia homoeocarpa Field Isolates. Phytopathology 2017; 107:198-207. [PMID: 27642797 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-05-16-0211-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The dicarboximide fungicide class is commonly used to control Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, the causal agent of dollar spot on turfgrass. Despite frequent occurrences of S. homoeocarpa field resistance to iprodione (dicarboximide active ingredient), the genetic mechanisms of iprodione resistance have not been elucidated. In this study, 15 field isolates (seven suspected dicarboximide resistant, three multidrug resistance (MDR)-like, and five dicarboximide sensitive) were used for sequence comparison of a histidine kinase gene, Shos1, of S. homoeocarpa. The suspected dicarboximide-resistant isolates displayed nonsynonymous polymorphisms in codon 366 (isoleucine to asparagine) in Shos1, while the MDR-like and sensitive isolates did not. Further elucidation of the Shos1 function, using polyethylene glycol-mediated protoplast transformation indicated that S. homoeocarpa mutants (Shos1I366N) from a sensitive isolate gained resistance to dicarboximides but not phenylpyrrole and polyols. The deletion of Shos1 resulted in higher resistance to dicarboximide and phenylpyrrole and higher sensitivity to polyols than Shos1I366N. Levels of dicarboximide sensitivity in the sensitive isolate, Shos1I366N, and Shos1 deletion mutants were negatively correlated to values of iprodione-induced expression of ShHog1, the last kinase in the high-osmolarity glycerol pathway. Increased constitutive and induced expression of the ATP-binding cassette multidrug efflux transporter ShPDR1 was observed in six of seven dicarboximide-resistant isolates. In conclusion, S. homoeocarpa field isolates gained dicarboximide resistance through the polymorphism in Shos1 and the overexpression of ShPDR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkyu Sang
- First, second, and fourth authors: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; and third author: School of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 742-711, Korea
| | - James T Popko
- First, second, and fourth authors: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; and third author: School of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 742-711, Korea
| | - Taehyun Chang
- First, second, and fourth authors: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; and third author: School of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 742-711, Korea
| | - Geunhwa Jung
- First, second, and fourth authors: Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003; and third author: School of Ecology and Environmental System, College of Ecology and Environmental Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, 742-711, Korea
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