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Ma J, Park SW, Kim G, Kim CS, Chang HX, Chilvers MI, Sang H. Characterization of SsHog1 and Shk1 Using Efficient Gene Knockout Systems through Repeated Protoplasting and CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Approaches in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. J Agric Food Chem 2024; 72:4237-4245. [PMID: 38374637 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is the causal agent of sclerotinia stem rot in over 400 plant species. In a previous study, the group III histidine kinase gene of S. sclerotiorum (Shk1) revealed its involvement in iprodione and fludioxonil sensitivity and osmotic stress. To further investigate the fungicide sensitivity associated with the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathway, we functionally characterized SsHog1, which is the downstream kinase of Shk1. To generate knockout mutants, split marker transformation combined with a newly developed repeated protoplasting method and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) delivery approach were used. The pure SsHog1 and Shk1 knockout mutants showed reduced sensitivity to fungicides and increased sensitivity to osmotic stress. In addition, the SsHog1 knockout mutants demonstrated reduced virulence compared to Shk1 knockout mutants and wild-type. Our results indicate that the repeated protoplasting method and RNP approach can generate genetically pure homokaryotic mutants and SsHog1 is involved in osmotic adaptation, fungicide sensitivity, and virulence in S. sclerotiorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyeon Ma
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Won Park
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Geonwoo Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hao-Xun Chang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Martin I Chilvers
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Synthetic Biology for Carbon Neutralization, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Park CR, Min JH, Gong Y, Sang H, Lee KH, Kim CS. Arabidopsis thaliana ubiquitin-associated protein 2 (AtUAP2) functions as an E4 ubiquitin factor and negatively modulates dehydration stress response. Plant Mol Biol 2024; 114:13. [PMID: 38324104 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
E4, a ubiquitin (Ub) chain assembly factor and post-translational modification protein, plays a key role in the regulation of multiple cellular functions in plants during biotic or abiotic stress. We have more recently reported that E4 factor AtUAP1 is a negative regulator of the osmotic stress response and enhances the multi-Ub chain assembly of E3 ligase Arabidopsis thaliana RING Zinc Finger 1 (AtRZF1). To further investigate the function of other E4 Ub factors in osmotic stress, we isolated AtUAP2, an AtUAP1 homolog, which interacted with AtRZF1, using pull-down assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis. AtUAP2, a Ub-associated motif-containing protein, interacts with oligo-Ub5, -Ub6, and -Ub7 chains. The yeast functional complementation experiment revealed that AtUAP2 functions as an E4 Ub factor. In addition, AtUAP2 is localized in the cytoplasm, different from AtUAP1. The activity of AtUAP2 was relatively strongly induced in the leaf tissue of AtUAP2 promoter-β-glucuronidase transgenic plants by abscisic acid, dehydration, and oxidative stress. atuap2 RNAi lines were more insensitive to osmotic stress condition than wild-type during the early growth of seedlings, whereas the AtUAP2-overexpressing line exhibited relatively more sensitive responses. Analyses of molecular and physiological experiments showed that AtUAP2 could negatively mediate the osmotic stress-induced signaling. Genetic studies showed that AtRZF1 mutation could suppress the dehydration-induced sensitive phenotype of the AtUAP2-overexpressing line, suggesting that AtRZF1 acts genetically downstream of AtUAP2 during osmotic stress. Taken together, our findings show that the AtRZF1-AtUAP2 complex may play important roles in the ubiquitination pathway, which controls the osmotic stress response in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Rong Park
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Blvd, 77843-2128, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ying Gong
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Convergence Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, 61186, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
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Choi H, Park SW, Oh J, Kim CS, Sung GH, Sang H. Efficient disruption of CmHk1 using CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein delivery in Cordyceps militaris. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2023; 370:fnad072. [PMID: 37475654 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cordyceps militaris, an entomopathogenic ascomycete, produces edible medicinal mushrooms known to have medicinal and therapeutic functions. To develop the genetic transformation system in C. militaris, green fluorescent protein (GFP) mutants of C. militaris were generated by PEG-mediated protoplast transformation. The CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) targeting the class III histidine kinase of C. militaris (CmHk1) was then delivered into protoplasts of C. militaris through the transformation system. Mutations induced by the RNP in selected mutants were detected: 1 nt deletion (6 mutants), 3 nt deletion with substitution of 1 nt (1 mutant), insertion of 85 nts (1 mutant), 41 nts (2 mutants), and 35 nts (5 mutants). An in vitro sensitivity assay of the mutants indicated that knockout of CmHk1 reduced sensitivity to two fungicides, iprodione and fludioxonil, but increased sensitivity to osmotic stresses compared to the wild type. Summing up, the CRISPR/Cas9 RNP delivery system was successfully developed, and our results revealed that CmHk1 was involved in the fungicide resistance and osmotic stress in C. militaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeongju Choi
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Sung-Won Park
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Junsang Oh
- Translational Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Gi-Ho Sung
- Translational Research Division, Biomedical Institute of Mycological Resource, International St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon 22711, Korea
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung 25601, Korea
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Kumho Life Science Laboratory, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Park CR, Nguyen VT, Min JH, Sang H, Lim GH, Kim CS. Isolation and Functional Characterization of Soybean BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3-Like 1 (GmBEH3L1) Associated with Dehydration Sensitivity and Brassinosteroid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:2565. [PMID: 36235431 PMCID: PMC9573144 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brassinosteroid (BR) is an important steroid hormone that regulates plant development, abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and responses to abiotic stress. We previously demonstrated that BEH3 (BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3) of Arabidopsis thaliana regulates dehydration and ABA responses by mediating proline metabolism. Furthermore, BEH3 negatively regulates BR-mediated hypocotyl elongation in dark-grown seedlings. However, the roles of BEH3 ortholog genes in the osmotic stress response of plants have remained largely unknown. Here, GmBEH3L1 (Glycine max BEH3-Like 1), a soybean (G. max) ortholog of the BEH3 gene of A. thaliana, was isolated and functionally characterized. GmBEH3L1 is induced by ABA, dehydration, and drought conditions. The GmBEH3L1-overexpressing transgenic lines (GmBEH3L1-OE/beh3) with the beh3 mutant background have ABA- and dehydration-sensitive phenotypes during early seedling growth, implying that GmBEH3L1 is involved in both osmotic stress and ABA sensitivity as a negative regulator in A. thaliana. Consistent with these results, GmBEH3L1-OE/beh3 complemental lines exhibit decreased expression levels of ABA- or dehydration-inducible genes. Under darkness, GmBEH3L1-OE/beh3 complemental lines display a short hypocotyl length compared to the beh3 mutant, indicating that GmBEH3L1 is linked to BR signaling. Together, our data suggest that GmBEH3L1 participates negatively in ABA and dehydration responses through BR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Rong Park
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Van Tinh Nguyen
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Department of Basic Science, Buon Ma Thuot University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Buon Ma Thuot 630000, Vietnam
| | - Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Blvd, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA
| | - Hyunkyu Sang
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Gah-Hyun Lim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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Liu G, Bhat MP, Kim CS, Kim J, Lee KH. Improved 3D-Printability of Cellulose Acetate to Mimic Water Absorption in Plant Roots through Nanoporous Networks. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaoshuang Liu
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh P. Bhat
- Agricultural Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangho Kim
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Agricultural Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Min JH, Park CR, Chung JS, Kim CS. Arabidopsis thaliana Ubiquitin-Associated Protein 1 (AtUAP1) Interacts with redundant RING Zinc Finger 1 (AtRZF1) to Negatively Regulate Dehydration Response. Plant Cell Physiol 2021; 62:1044-1057. [PMID: 34086919 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitination, one of the most frequently occurring post-translational modifications, is essential for regulating diverse cellular processes in plants during abiotic stress. The E3 ubiquitin (Ub) ligase Arabidopsis thaliana really interesting new gene (RING) zinc finger 1 (AtRZF1) mutation is known to enhance drought tolerance in A. thaliana seedlings. To further investigate the function of AtRZF1 in osmotic stress, we isolated Ub-associated protein 1 (AtUAP1) which interacts with AtRZF1 using a yeast two-hybrid system. AtUAP1, a Ub-associated motif containing protein, increased the amount of Ub-conjugated AtRZF1. Moreover, AtUAP1 RNA interference lines were more tolerant to osmotic stress than wild type, whereas AtUAP1-overexpressing (OX) transgenic lines showed sensitive responses, including cotyledon greening, water loss, proline accumulation and changes in stress-related genes expression, indicating that AtUAP1 could negatively regulate dehydration-mediated signaling. In addition, AtUAP1-green fluorescent protein fusion protein was observed in the nuclei of root cells of transgenic seedlings. Genetic studies showed that the AtRZF1 mutation could rescue the sensitive phenotype of AtUAP1-OX lines in response to osmotic stress, suggesting that AtRZF1 was epistatic to AtUAP1 in dehydration signaling. Taken together, our findings describe a new component in the AtRZF1 ubiquitination pathway which controls the dehydration response in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, 300 Olsen Blvd, College Station, TX 77843-2128, USA
| | - Cho-Rong Park
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sung Chung
- Department of Agricultural Plant Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Van Nguyen T, Park CR, Lee KH, Lee S, Kim CS. BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3 cooperates with E3 ligase AtRZF1 to regulate osmotic stress and brassinosteroid responses in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2021; 72:636-653. [PMID: 33529338 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Proline (Pro) metabolism plays important roles in protein synthesis, redox balance, and abiotic stress response. However, it is not known if cross-talk occurs between proline and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling pathways. Here, an Arabidopsis intergenic enhancer double mutant, namely proline content alterative 41 (pca41), was generated by inserting a T-DNA tag in the Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1 (atrzf1 ) mutant background. pca41 had a T-DNA inserted at the site of the gene encoding BES1/BZR1 Homolog 3 (BEH3). pca41 has a drought-insensitive phenotype that is stronger than atrzf1 under osmotic stress, including high Pro accumulation and decreased amounts of reactive oxygen species. Analysis of physiological, genetic, and molecular networks revealed that negative regulation of BEH3 during abiotic stress was linked to the BR signaling pathway. Our data also suggest that AtRZF1, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, might control osmotic stress, abscisic acid, and BR responses in a BEH3-dependent manner. Under darkness, pca41 displays a long hypocotyl phenotype, which is similar to atrzf1 and beh3, suggesting that BEH3 acts in the same pathway as AtRZF1. Overexpression of BEH3 results in an osmotic stress-sensitive phenotype, which is reversed by exogenous BR application. Taken together, our results indicate that AtRZF1 and BEH3 may play important roles in the osmotic stress response via ubiquitination and BR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinh Van Nguyen
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rong Park
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Agricultural Robotics and Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Choi YS, Im MK, Lee MR, Kim CS, Lee KH. Highly sensitive enclosed multilayer paper-based microfluidic sensor for quantifying proline in plants. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1105:169-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Asafu-Adjaye EB, Wong SK, Arnason J, Betz J, Breakell K, Chen JX, Fitzloff J, Fong HHS, Kim CS, Kwan SY, Leung HW, Li GQ, Lin RC, Luo GA, Nicolidakis H, Park H, Suen E, Wang XR, Wang ZT, Wen KC, Yeung HW. Determination of Ginsenosides (Ginseng Saponins) in Dry Root Powder from Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and Selected Commercial Products by Liquid Chromatography: Interlaboratory Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/86.6.1112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Twelve collaborating laboratories assayed 4 products, namely, Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolius, and 2 ginseng products, for 6 ginsenosides: Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, andRg1. Collaborators also received a negative control for the recovery study. Pure ginsenosides were provided as reference standards for the liquid chromatography (LC) analysis and the system suitability tests. The LC analyses were performed on the methanol extract using UV detection at 203 nm. For P. ginseng, individual ginsenosides were consistent in their means; repeatability standard deviations (RSDr)rangedfrom4.17to5.09% and reproducibility standard deviations (RSDR) ranged from 7.27 to 11.3%. For P. quinquefolius, the Rb1 and Rb2 ginsenosides were higher and lower in concentration than P. ginseng, with RSDr values of 3.44 and 6.60% and RSDR values of 5.91 and 12.6% respectively, and other analytes at intermediate precisions. For ginseng commercial products, RSDr values ranged from 3.39 to 8.12%, andRSDR values ranged from 7.65 to 16.5%. A recovery study was also conducted for 3 ginsenosides: Rg1, Re, andRb1. The average recoveries were 99.9, 96.2, and 92.3%, respectively. The method is not applicable for the determination of Rg1 and Re in ginseng product at levels <300 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer B Asafu-Adjaye
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Product Quality Research Laboratory, HFD-941, NLRC Ste 2400, Rockville, MD 20857
| | - Siu Kay Wong
- Hong Kong Government Laboratory, Homantin Government Offices, 88 Chung Hau St, Hong Kong
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Van Nguyen T, Chung MS, Chung JS, Kim CS. proline content alterative 17 (pca17) is involved in glucose response through sulfate metabolism-mediated pathway. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 143:320-328. [PMID: 31539761 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfate metabolism and glucose (Glc) signaling are important processes required for plant growth, development, and environmental responses. However, whether sulfate metabolism is involved in Arabidopsis response to Glc stress remains largely unclear. Recently, we have found that proline content alterative 17 (pca17) is a double-mutant line in which both AtRZF1 (for Arabidopsis thaliana Ring Zinc Finger 1) and AHL (for Arabidopsis Halotolerance 2-like) genes are mutated. It was found that insensitive response of atrzf1 mutant to abiotic stresses was suppressed in pca17 mutant by regulating proline metabolism. Here, pca17 appeared to have sensitive response to Glc treatment by reducing cysteine (Cys) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) contents in sulfate metabolism. Under Glc treatment, transcript levels of sulfate metabolism-related genes were significantly lower in pca17 than those in wild-type (WT) and atrzf1. Furthermore, AHL-overexpressing transgenic lines displayed more insensitive phenotypes than WT during Glc condition while ahl RNAi lines exhibited sensitive responses based on several parameters, including seed germination rate, cotyledon greening percentage, root elongation, and fresh weight. Interestingly, the pca17 phenotype in applied AMP with Glc treatment was similar to atrzf1 phenotype. Taken together, our results indicate that AHL is involved in Glc response by modulating sulfate metabolism in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinh Van Nguyen
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Chung
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sung Chung
- Department of Agronomy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Applied Biology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Choi YS, Lee MR, Kim CS, Lee KH. Detection of proline using a novel paper-based analytical device for on-site diagnosis of drought stress in plants. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:045002. [PMID: 31042988 DOI: 10.1063/1.5055798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We developed and characterized a paper-based microfluidic sensor for the on-site diagnosis of drought stress in plants. Proline was used as a biomarker for analyzing drought stress, which was extracted by a colorimetric method using the proline-ninhydrin reaction. Paper was used as the main sensor material for the on-site detection of proline as it is easily transportable and cost-effective. The paper-based sensor was fabricated using wax-printing and origami methods, and the sensor was precoated with ninhydrin to allow for easy and convenient on-site use. Furthermore, a sample-to-ninhydrin ratio of 1:2 was found to confer optimal sensitivity to the drought diagnosis sensor. The concentration of proline in a sample was quantified by red-green-blue analysis to determine the change in green color intensity levels in response to distinct proline concentrations, which were detected by the sensor. The limit of detection of proline using the devised sensor was 657 µM, and the green color intensity level decreased with increasing proline concentration. In addition, the sensor was validated in an experimental drought stress model with Arabidopsis and subjected to drought stress for 21 days, and the amount of proline detected was 10 mM. The devised paper-based microfluidic sensor highlights the possibility of the on-site evaluation of drought stress in plants with potential to be utilized in various agricultural areas in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Soo Choi
- Agricultural Robotics and Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Mi Rha Lee
- Agricultural Robotics and Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Agricultural Robotics and Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, South Korea
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Shin DJ, Min JH, Van Nguyen T, Kim YM, Kim CS. Loss of Arabidopsis Halotolerance 2-like (AHL), a 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate phosphatase, suppresses insensitive response of Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1 (atrzf1) mutant to abiotic stress. Plant Mol Biol 2019; 99:363-377. [PMID: 30637572 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Destruction of PAP phosphatase AHL suppresses atrzf1 phenotype in abiotic stress responses. AHL plays an intermediate role in the regulation of proline accumulation by PAP nucleotidase. Proline (Pro) metabolism is important for environmental responses, plant development, and growth. However, the role of Pro in abiotic stress process is unclear. Using atrzf1 (Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1) mutant as a parental line for T-DNA tagging mutagenesis, we identified a suppressor mutant designated as proline content alterative 17 (pca17) that suppressed insensitivity of atrzf1 to abiotic stresses during early seedling growth. Pro content of pca17 was lower than that in both wild type (WT) and atrzf1 while complementary lines were less sensitive to abscisic acid (ABA) and abiotic stresses compared to WT. Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced (TAIL)-PCR of pca17 showed that T-DNA was inserted at site of At5g54390 (AHL for Arabidopsis Halotolerance 2-like) encoding 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphate (PAP) phosphatase. Under drought stress condition, products of sulfate metabolism such as PAP and adenosine monophosphate were significantly lower in pca17 than those in WT and atrzf1. Furthermore, pca17 showed significantly higher levels of several important drought parameters including malondialdehyde, ion leakage, and water loss than WT and atrzf1. Fluorescence signal of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged AHL was quite strong in nuclei of the root and guard cells of transgenic seedlings. Additionally, AHL promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct revealed substantial gene expression in vasculature tissues and pollen. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that pca17 acts as a dominant suppressor mutant of atrzf1 in abiotic stress response by modulating proline and sulfate metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Jeong Shin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tinh Van Nguyen
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Min JH, Park CR, Jang YH, Ju HW, Lee KH, Lee S, Kim CS. A basic helix-loop-helix 104 (bHLH104) protein functions as a transcriptional repressor for glucose and abscisic acid signaling in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2019; 136:34-42. [PMID: 30639920 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Transduction of glucose (Glc) signaling is critical for plant development, metabolism, and stress responses. However, identifying initial Glc sensing and response stimulating mechanisms in plants has been difficult due to dual functions of glucose as energy sources and signaling component. A basic Helix-Loop-Helix 104 (bHLH104) protein is a homolog of bHLH34 previously isolated from Arabidopsis that functions as a transcriptional activator of Glc and abscisic acid (ABA) responses. In this study, we characterized bHLH104 as a transcription factor that binds to the regulatory region of Arabidopsis Plasma membrane Glc-responsive Regulator (AtPGR) gene. The bHLH104 binds to 5'-AANA-3' element of the promoter region of AtPGR in vitro and represses beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in AtPGR promoter-GUS transgenic plants. Genetic approaches show that bHLH104 positively regulates Glc and abscisic acid (ABA) response. These results suggest that bHLH104 is involved in Glc- and ABA-mediated signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that bHLH104 is an important transcription regulator in plant-sensitivity to Glc and ABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Cho-Rong Park
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Ha Jang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Ju
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Agricultural Robotics and Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Research Division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup-si, Jeollabuk-do, 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Bae EH, Lim SY, Han KD, Jung JH, Choi HS, Kim CS, Ma SK, Kim SW. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a risk factor for cancer: a nationwide population-based study in Korea. Lupus 2019; 28:317-323. [PMID: 30712493 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319826672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Specific differences in cancer risk have been observed between systemic lupus erythematosus patients and the general population. Although meta-analyses have estimated cancer incidence in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, results have been inconclusive. Hence, we aimed to assess malignancy risk in systemic lupus erythematosus patients, compared to the risk in the general population. METHODS Systemic lupus erythematosus patients ( n = 21,016; mean age 41.67 ± 13.14 years; female 90.22%) were selected from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database between 2008 and 2014. Age- and sex-matched controls were randomly sampled in a 5:1 ratio ( n = 105,080). RESULTS During the 7 years of follow up, malignancy was detected in 763 (3.63%) systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 2667 (2.54%) controls. Systemic lupus erythematosus patients had a higher risk of malignancy than controls (odds ratio 1.44; 95% confidence interval 1.327-1.559), after multivariate adjustment. Systemic lupus erythematosus patients had a higher odds ratio for developing cervical, thyroid, ovarian, and oral cancer, as well as lymphoma, leukemia, and multiple myeloma than controls. Based on subgroup analysis, male systemic lupus erythematosus patients and patients younger than 40 years showed the highest lymphoma risk. CONCLUSIONS Systemic lupus erythematosus might be an independent risk factor for cancer. Therefore, the importance of cancer screening programs should be emphasized in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Our study is the first large nationwide cohort study for evaluating the risk of cancer in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Bae
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju
| | - S Y Lim
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - K-D Han
- 3 Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-Hy Jung
- 3 Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Choi
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju
| | - C S Kim
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju
| | - S K Ma
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju
| | - S W Kim
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju
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Kim JT, Shim JK, Kim SH, Ryu HG, Yoon SZ, Jeon YS, Bahk JH, Kim CS. Remifentanil vs. Lignocaine for Attenuating the Haemodynamic Response during Rapid Sequence Induction Using Propofol: Double-Blind Randomised Clinical Trial. Anaesth Intensive Care 2019; 35:20-3. [PMID: 17323661 DOI: 10.1177/0310057x0703500102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine whether lignocaine or remifentanil effectively attenuate the response to endotracheal intubation during rapid sequence induction. Forty-eight patients were randomly divided into three groups: Group NS (n=16) received normal saline 0.1 ml/kg, Group L (n=16) received lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg, and Group R (n=16) received remifentanil 1 /μg/kg. Anaesthesia was induced with propofol 2 mg/kg after glycopyrrolate 0.2 mg IV. Each study drug was given intravenously over 30 seconds after loss of consciousness. Cricoid pressure was applied until intubation. Succinylcholine 1.0 mg/kg was administered to facilitate tracheal intubation. After intubation, the patient's lungs were ventilated with sevoflurane 1% and nitrous oxide 50% in oxygen. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded before induction, at loss of consciousness, immediately before laryngoscopy and every minute after intubation for 10 minutes. Mean arterial pressure fell following propofol in all groups. The maximum increase in mean arterial pressure in Group NS and Group L were 46% and 38% respectively above the baseline value one minute after intubation, whereas the mean arterial pressure in Group R increased only back to the baseline value. Heart rate in Group NS and Group L were increased by 27% and 33% above baseline value respectively one minute after intubation, while that in Group R was increased only to the baseline value. The results indicate that remifentanil 1 μg/kg, but not lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg, effectively attenuates the haemodynamic response to endotracheal intubation during rapid sequence induction using propofol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital and Yonsei University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Kim CS, Hannouf MB, Sarma S, Rodrigues GB, Rogan PK, Mahmud SM, Winquist E, Brackstone M, Zaric GS. Survival outcome differences based on treatments used and knowledge of the primary tumour site for patients with cancer of unknown and known primary in Ontario. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 25:307-316. [PMID: 30464680 DOI: 10.3747/co.25.4003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Patients with cancer of unknown primary (cup) have pathologically confirmed metastatic tumours with unidentifiable primary tumours. Currently, very little is known about the relationship between the treatment of patients with cup and their survival outcomes. Thus, we compared oncologic treatment and survival outcomes for patients in Ontario with cup against those for a cohort of patients with metastatic cancer of known primary site. Methods Using the Ontario Cancer Registry and the Same-Day Surgery and Discharge Abstract databases maintained by the Canadian Institute for Health Information, we identified all Ontario patients diagnosed with metastatic cancer between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2005. Ontario Health Insurance Plan treatment records were linked to identify codes for surgery, chemotherapy, or therapeutic radiation related to oncology. Multivariable Cox regression models were constructed, adjusting for histology, age, sex, and comorbidities. Results In 45,347 patients (96.3%), the primary tumour site was identifiable, and in 1743 patients (3.7%), cup was diagnosed. Among the main tumour sites, cup ranked as the 6th largest. The mean Charlson score was significantly higher (p < 0.0001) in patients with cup (1.88) than in those with a known primary (1.42). Overall median survival was 1.9 months for patients with cup compared with 11.9 months for all patients with a known-primary cancer. Receipt of treatment was more likely for patients with a known primary site (n= 35,012, 77.2%) than for those with cup (n = 891, 51.1%). Among patients with a known primary site, median survival was significantly higher for treated than for untreated patients (19.0 months vs. 2.2 months, p < 0.0001). Among patients with cup, median survival was also higher for treated than for untreated patients (3.6 months vs. 1.1 months, p < 0.0001). Conclusions In Ontario, patients with cup experience significantly lower survival than do patients with metastatic cancer of a known primary site. Treatment is associated with significantly increased survival both for patients with cup and for those with metastatic cancer of a known primary site.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON
| | - M B Hannouf
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON
| | - S Sarma
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON
| | - G B Rodrigues
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON
| | - P K Rogan
- Department of Biochemistry, Western University, London, ON
| | - S M Mahmud
- Community Health Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - E Winquist
- Department of Oncology, Western University, London, ON
| | - M Brackstone
- Department of Surgery, Western University, London, ON
| | - G S Zaric
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, ON.,Richard Ivey School of Business, Western University, London, ON
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Lim SY, Bae EH, Han KD, Jung JH, Choi HS, Kim HY, Kim CS, Ma SK, Kim SW. Systemic lupus erythematosus is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease: a nationwide, population-based study in Korea. Lupus 2018; 27:2050-2056. [PMID: 30282562 DOI: 10.1177/0961203318804883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence and clinical significance of cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. METHODS We included systemic lupus erythematosus patients ( n = 18,575) without previous cardiovascular disease and age- and sex-matched individuals without systemic lupus erythematosus (controls; n = 92,875) from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database (2008-2014). Both cohorts were followed up for incident cardiovascular disease and death until 2015. RESULTS During follow up, myocardial infarction occurred in 203 systemic lupus erythematosus patients and 325 controls (incidence rate: 1.76 and 0.56 per 1000 person-years, respectively), stroke occurred in 289 patients and 403 controls (incidence rate: 2.51 and 0.70 per 1000 person-years, respectively), heart failure occurred in 358 patients and 354 controls (incidence rate 3.11 and 0.61 per 1000 person-years, respectively), and death occurred in 744 patients and 948 controls (incidence rate 6.54 and 1.64 per 1000 person-years, respectively). Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus had higher risks for myocardial infarction (hazard ratio: 2.74, 95% confidence interval: 2.28-3.37), stroke (hazard ratio: 3.31, 95% confidence interval: 2.84-3.86), heart failure (hazard ratio: 4.60, 95% confidence interval: 3.96-5.35), and cardiac death (hazard ratio: 3.98, 95% confidence interval: 3.61-4.39). CONCLUSIONS Here, systemic lupus erythematosus was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, thus cardiac assessment and management are critical in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Lim
- 1 Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan, Korea
| | - E H Bae
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - K-D Han
- 3 Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - J-H Jung
- 3 Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - H S Choi
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - H Y Kim
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - C S Kim
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S K Ma
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S W Kim
- 2 Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Cho MS, Kim J, Park JK, Kim TH, Lee JM, Park JB, Park HW, Kang KW, Shim JM, Uhm JS, Kim JB, Kim CS, Lee YS, Choi EK, Joung BY. P5796Prevalence and correlates of left atrial enlargement based on left atrial volume index in korean patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: data from comparison study of drugs for symptom control. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p5796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M S Cho
- Asan Medical Center, Heart Institute, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J Kim
- Asan Medical Center, Heart Institute, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J K Park
- Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - T H Kim
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J M Lee
- Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J B Park
- Ewha University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - H W Park
- Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea Republic of
| | - K W Kang
- Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, Korea Republic of
| | - J M Shim
- Korea University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J S Uhm
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - J B Kim
- Kyunghee University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - C S Kim
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - Y S Lee
- Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, Korea Republic of
| | - E K Choi
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
| | - B Y Joung
- Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea Republic of
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Lee SJ. Gemigliptin, a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor, exerts a synergistic cytotoxicity with the histone deacetylase inhibitor PXD101 in thyroid carcinoma cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2018; 41:677-689. [PMID: 29147952 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The influence of the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV inhibitor gemigliptin alone or in combination with the histone deacetylase inhibitor PXD101 on survival of thyroid carcinoma cells was investigated. METHODS SW1736, TPC-1, 8505C and BCPAP human thyroid carcinoma cells were used. To assess cell survival, cell viability, the percentage of viable cells and dead cells, cytotoxic activity, ATP levels and FACS analysis were measured. To validate the impact of gemigliptin combined with PXD101, the interactions were estimated by obtaining combination index in cells treated with two agents. RESULTS In cells treated with gemigliptin or PXD101, cell viability, the percentage of viable cells and ATP levels were reduced, and the percentage of dead cells and cytotoxic activity were elevated. In cells treated with both gemigliptin and PXD101, compared with PXD101 alone, cell death was augmented, and all of the combination index values were lower than 1.0, suggesting the synergism between gemigliptin and PXD101. The percentage of apoptotic cells, and the protein levels of Bcl2 and cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase were elevated, and the protein levels of xIAP and survivin were reduced. The protein levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-AMPK were elevated, and cell migration was reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that gemigliptin induces cytotoxicity in thyroid carcinoma cells. Moreover, gemigliptin has a synergistic activity with PXD101 in the induction of cell death through involvement of Bcl2 family proteins, xIAP and survivin as well as mediation of Akt and AMPK in thyroid carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J G Kang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - C S Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S-H Ihm
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - M G Choi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Yoo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S J Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Jackson EM, Nolde JA, Kim M, Kim CS, Cleveland ER, Affouda CA, Canedy CL, Vurgaftman I, Meyer JR, Aifer EH, Lorentzen J. Two-dimensional plasmonic grating for increased quantum efficiency in midwave infrared nBn detectors with thin absorbers. Opt Express 2018; 26:13850-13864. [PMID: 29877431 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.013850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a strategy for increasing the operating temperatures of nBn midwave infrared (MWIR) focal plane arrays, based on the use of two-dimensional plasmonic gratings to enhance the quantum efficiency (QE) of structures with very thin absorbers. Reducing the absorber volume correspondingly reduces the dark current in a diffusion-limited photodiode, while light trapping mediated by the plasmonic grating increases the net absorbance to maintain high QE. The plasmonically enhanced nBn MWIR sensors with absorber thicknesses of only 0.5 μm exhibit peak internal QEs as high as 57%, which enables a 5-fold reduction in dark current. Numerical simulations indicate the potential for further improvement.
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Kim CS, Brager DH, Johnston D. Perisomatic changes in h-channels regulate depressive behaviors following chronic unpredictable stress. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:892-903. [PMID: 28416809 PMCID: PMC5647208 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress can be a precipitating factor in the onset of depression. Lentiviral-mediated knockdown of HCN1 protein expression and reduction of functional Ih produce antidepressant behavior. However, whether h-channels are altered in an animal model of depression is not known. We found that perisomatic HCN1 protein expression and Ih-sensitive physiological measurements were significantly increased in dorsal but not in ventral CA1 region/neurons following chronic unpredictable stress (CUS), a widely accepted model for major depressive disorder. Cell-attached patch clamp recordings confirmed that perisomatic Ih was increased in dorsal CA1 neurons following CUS. Furthermore, when dorsal CA1 Ih was reduced by shRNA-HCN1, the CUS-induced behavioral deficits were prevented. Finally, rats infused in the dorsal CA1 region with thapsigargin, an irreversible inhibitor of the SERCA pump, exhibited anxiogenic-like behaviors and increased Ih, similar to that observed following CUS. Our results suggest that CUS, but not acute stress, leads to an increase in perisomatic Ih in dorsal CA1 neurons and that HCN channels represent a potential target for the treatment of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Kim
- Center for Learning and Memory and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA,Neuroscience, Center for Learning and Memory and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, 100 East 24th St, Austin, TX 78712-0805, USA. E-mail:
| | - D H Brager
- Center for Learning and Memory and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - D Johnston
- Center for Learning and Memory and Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Lee SH, Oh JS, Lee KB, Lee JM, Hwang SH, Lee MK, Kwon EH, Kim CS, Choi IH, Yeo IY, Yoon JY, Im JM. Evaluation of abundance of artificial radionuclides in food products in South Korea and sources. J Environ Radioact 2018; 184-185:46-52. [PMID: 29334620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Food samples are collected nationwide from January 2016 to February 2017 and their contents of artificial radionuclides are measured to address the growing concerns regarding the radioactive contamination of food products in Korea. Specifically, 900 food samples are collected for this study and their contents of representative artificial radionuclides 134Cs, 137Cs, 239,240Pu, and 90Sr are analyzed. The analysis shows that the activity concentrations of 137Cs in fish range from minimum detectable activity (MDA) to 340 mBq/kg of fresh weight. The concentration factor (CF) determined for 137Cs as a measure of its bioavailability is calculated to be ca. 74 and found to be very similar to that (100) recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency. With an MDA of <0.221 mBq/kg, the results reveal that 239,240Pu values in fish are below the MDA. The activity concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr are lower than the MDA in both shellfish and seaweed, while the activity concentrations of 239,240Pu in shellfish range from 0.26 to 2.18 mBq/kg, and for seaweed samples range from 2.07 to 3.38 mBq/kg. The atom ratios of 240Pu/239Pu in shellfish caught at the Korean coast vary from 0.209 to 0.237, with a mean of 0.227. The higher 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio determined in shellfish is thought to be caused by the plutonium transported from the Pacific Proving Grounds rather than other sources such as the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. The activity concentrations of 137Cs in mushrooms are found to vary from 1.0 to 21.4 Bq/kg, with the highest concentrations observed in the Oak (shiitake) and Sarcodon asparatus. 134Cs is detected in three mushroom specimens collected from Jeju Island and about 3-3.6% of 137Cs present in the wild mushrooms native to the Jeju Island are introduced as a result of the Fukushima nuclear plant accident. The annual effective doses of 137Cs received through consumption of mushrooms and fish are 2.0 × 10-4 mSv yr-1 and 3.9 × 10-5 mSv yr-1, and those values are negligible compared to the annual effective doses limit of 1 mSv yr-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - J S Oh
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - K B Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - M K Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - E H Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - C S Kim
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - I H Choi
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - I Y Yeo
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - J Y Yoon
- Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety, Daejeon, 34142, Republic of Korea
| | - J M Im
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
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Park SH, Chung MS, Lee S, Lee KH, Kim CS. Loss of Ribosomal Protein L24A (RPL24A) suppresses proline accumulation of Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1 (atrzf1) mutant in response to osmotic stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 494:499-503. [PMID: 29066352 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.10.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Proline (Pro) metabolism in plants is involved in various cellular processes mediated during abiotic stress. However, the Pro-regulatory mechanisms are unclear. We used a suppressor mutation technique to isolate novel genes involved in the regulation of Pro metabolism in Arabidopsis. Using atrzf1 as a parental plant for T-DNA tagging mutagenesis, we identified a suppressor mutant, termed proline content alterative 21 (pca21), that displayed reduced Pro contents compared with the atrzf1 under osmotic stress conditions. Genomic Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced (TAIL)-PCR revealed pca21 harbored an inserted T-DNA in the region of At2g36620 that encodes Ribosomal Protein L24A. In general, the pca21 mutant partially suppressed the insensitivity of atrzf1 to osmotic stress and abscisic acid during seed germination and early seedling stage. Additionally, the pca21 mutant had increased MDA content and lower expression of several Pro biosynthesis-related genes than the atrzf1 mutant during drought condition. These results suggest that pca21 acts as partial suppressor of atrzf1 in the osmotic stress response through the Pro-mediated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hyeon Park
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Soo Chung
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Agricultural Robotics and Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea.
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Kim DW, Kim CS, Kim HJ, Lee YM, Kim HJ, Kwon KB. The Effect of Germanium Treatment on Rain Shelter House Cultivation of Korean Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DW Kim
- Jeollabukdo ARES Medicinal Resource Research Institute, Jinan, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - CS Kim
- Jeollabukdo ARES Medicinal Resource Research Institute, Jinan, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - HJ Kim
- Jeollabukdo ARES Medicinal Resource Research Institute, Jinan, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - YM Lee
- Jeollabukdo ARES Medicinal Resource Research Institute, Jinan, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - HJ Kim
- Jeollabukdo ARES Medicinal Resource Research Institute, Jinan, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - KB Kwon
- National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal science, RDA, Eumseong, Korea, Republic of (South)
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Kang Nu R, Kim CS, Lee Ik S, Kim Young S, Kim Jin S. Puerariae radix extract suppresses H2O2-induced ARPE-19 cell death and permeability via phosphorylation of p38MAPK and JNK. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Kang Nu
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Korea, Republic of (South)
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - CS Kim
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Korea, Republic of (South)
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - S Lee Ik
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - S Kim Young
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Korea, Republic of (South)
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - S Kim Jin
- Korean Medicine Convergence Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Korea, Republic of (South)
- Korean Medicine Life Science, University of Science Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea, Republic of (South)
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Kim AR, Min JH, Lee KH, Kim CS. PCA22 acts as a suppressor of atrzf1 to mediate proline accumulation in response to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis. J Exp Bot 2017; 68:1797-1809. [PMID: 28369480 PMCID: PMC5444443 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erx069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Proline metabolism is important for environmental responses, plant growth, and development. However, its precise roles in plant abiotic stress tolerance are not well understood. Mutants are valuable for the identification of new genes and for elucidating their roles in physiological mechanisms. We applied a suppressor mutation approach to identify novel genes involved in the regulation of proline metabolism in Arabidopsis. Using the atrzf1 (Arabidopsis thaliana ring zinc finger 1) mutant as a parental line for activation tagging mutagenesis, we selected several mutants with suppressed induction of proline accumulation under dehydration conditions. One of the selected mutants [proline content alterative 22 (pca22)] appeared to have reduced proline contents compared with the atrzf1 mutant under drought stress. Generally, pca22 mutant plants displayed suppressed atrzf1 insensitivity to dehydration and abscisic acid during early seedling growth. Additionally, the pca22 mutant exhibited shorter pollen tube length than wild-type (WT) and atrzf1 plants. Furthermore, PCA22-overexpressing plants were more sensitive to dehydration stress than the WT and RNAi lines. Green fluorescent protein-tagged PCA22 was localized to the cytoplasm of transgenic Arabidopsis cells. Collectively, these results suggest that pca22 acts as dominant suppressor mutant of atrzf1 in the abiotic stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ah-Reum Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Agricultural Robotics and Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea
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Kim G, Lee YH, Jeon JY, Bang H, Lee BW, Kang ES, Lee IK, Cha BS, Kim CS. Increase in resting heart rate over 2 years predicts incidence of diabetes: A 10-year prospective study. Diabetes Metab 2016; 43:25-32. [PMID: 27745827 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2016.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The association between resting heart rate (RHR) and the development of diabetes has yet to be fully elucidated, and the relationship between changes in RHR and incidence of diabetes also remains unclear. Our study aimed to investigate the association between changes in RHR over 2 years and the risk of diabetes. METHODS A total of 7416 adults without diabetes were included. All had participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, a community-based, 10-year prospective study in which RHR was measured at baseline and 2 years later. Incident diabetes was defined as fasting blood glucose ≥126mg/dL, 2-h post-load glucose ≥200mg/dL during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test or current use of diabetes medication. The relative risk of diabetes associated with the 2-year change in RHR was calculated using Cox models. RESULTS During the 10-year follow-up, 1444 (19.5%) developed diabetes. Compared with RHR increases <5 beats per minute (bpm) over 2 years, increases >10bpm were significantly associated with development of diabetes (adjusted hazard ratio: 1.31, 95% confidence interval: 1.06-1.60), even after adjusting for glycometabolic parameters and baseline RHR. This significant association was attenuated in people who exercised regularly (P=0.650), but remained significant in those not doing any regular exercise (P=0.010). CONCLUSION An increase in RHR over a 2-year follow-up period is significantly associated with a risk of diabetes, independently of baseline RHR and glycometabolic parameters. Further investigations into ways to control RHR as a potential preventative measure against the development of diabetes are now needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y-H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - J Y Jeon
- Exercise Medicine Center for Diabetes and Cancer Patients, ICONS, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Bang
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, United States
| | - B-W Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - E S Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - I-K Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - B-S Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C S Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Medical College, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.
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Chung MS, Lee S, Min JH, Huang P, Ju HW, Kim CS. Regulation of Arabidopsis thaliana plasma membrane glucose-responsive regulator (AtPGR) expression by A. thaliana storekeeper-like transcription factor, AtSTKL, modulates glucose response in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol Biochem 2016; 104:155-64. [PMID: 27031427 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Biochemical, genetic, physiological, and molecular research in plants has demonstrated a central role of glucose (Glc) in the control of plant growth, metabolism, and development, and has revealed networks that integrate light, stresses, nutrients, and hormone signaling. Previous studies have reported that AtPGR protein as potential candidates for Glc signaling protein. In the present study, we characterized transcription factors that bind to the upstream region of the AtPGR gene isolated using the yeast one-hybrid screening with an Arabidopsis cDNA library. One of the selected genes (AtSTKL) appeared to confer elevated sensitivity to Glc response. Overexpression of AtSTKLs (AtSTKL1 and AtSTKL2) increased the sensitivity to Glc during the post-germination stages. In contrast, atstkl1 and atstkl2 antisense lines displayed reduced sensitivity to high Glc concentration during the early seedling stage. Furthermore, we showed that the two AtSTKLs bind to the 5'-GCCT-3' element of the upstream promoter region of the AtPGR gene in vitro and repress the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) activity in AtPGR promoter-GUS (P999-GUS) transgenic plants. Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged AtSTKLs were localized in the nuclei of transgenic Arabidopsis cells. Collectively, these results suggest that AtSTKL1 and AtSTKL2 function both as repressors of AtPGR transcription and as novel transcription factors in the Glc signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Soo Chung
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, South Korea; Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Sungbeom Lee
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do 580-185, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Ping Huang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Ju
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea.
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Abstract
The distribution of 14C-bisphenol A (BPA) in plasma and neuroendocrine organs was determined in Fischer 344 female rats following three oral doses (0.1, 10 or 100 mg/kg). Plasma and tissue maximum concentrations (Cmax) were reached within 15-30 min of dosing. Plasma areas-under-the-curve (AUC) ranged from 0.06 to 53.9 mg-h/mL. The AUCs of the pituitary gland and uterus/gonads were 16-21% higher than that of plasma. The AUCs of hypothalamus and the rest of the brain were 43.7% and 77% of the plasma AUCs, respectively. In the brain tissue, the exposure increased linearly with the oral dose, as the dose was increased from 0.1 to 10 and 100 mg/kg; the exposure in the brain relative to the plasma increased by factors of 1, 1.19 and 1.24. This indicates that the brain barrier systems do not limit the access of the lipophilic BPA to the brain. The increases of the uterus/gonads relative to the plasma were 1, 1.07 and 1.04. Tissue partitioning was also examined in vitro by the uptake of 14C-BPA. The BPA tissue/blood partition coefficients were as follows: heart, 7.5; liver, 6.1; kidney, 6.4; fat, 3.6; muscle, 2.6; breast, 3.6; ovaries, 9.1; uterus, 5.9; stomach, 5.1; and small intestine, 6.7. The tissue/cerebrospinal fluid partition coefficients were as follows: pituitary gland, 12.8; brain stem, 6.1; cerebellum, 6.4; hippocampus, 7.1; hypothalamus, 6.1; frontal cortex, 4.9; and caudate nucleus, 6.8.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Kim
- Office of Applied Research and Safety Assessment, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.
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Trofimov IE, Canedy CL, Kim CS, Kim M, Bewley WW, Merritt CL, Vurgaftman I, Meyer JR, Le LT. Interband cascade lasers with long lifetimes. Appl Opt 2015; 54:9441-9445. [PMID: 26560770 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.009441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Narrow-ridge interband cascade lasers were subjected to accelerated aging. The aging curves were statistically evaluated by a log-normal distribution of the failure time, and by the mixed effects of the degradation parameters. Based on 10,000 h of output power trend data for lasers operating at 90°C and the maximum cw power, an unexpectedly long lifetime is predicted. The projected lifetimes range from about 500,000 h (57 years) for the linear degradation model to 183,000 h (21 years) for the exponential one.
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Yang SM, Kim SRN, Youn WK, Kim CS, Kim DS, Yi KW, Hwang NM. Generation of Charged Nanoparticles During Thermal Evaporation of Silver at Atmospheric Pressure. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:8418-8423. [PMID: 26726527 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.11458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The generation of charged silver nanoparticles in the gas phase during thermal evaporation of silver at atmospheric pressure was confirmed by the nano-differential mobility analyzer (DMA). Effects of the evaporation temperature, the nitrogen gas flow rate and the amount of silver to be evaporated on the size distribution of charged nanoparticles (CNPs) were examined. Both positively and negatively-charged nanoparticles were generated under all processing conditions adopted in this study. The deposition behavior of CNPs was affected by the gas flow, which is affected by the temperature gradient in the reactor and by the applied electric bias. The electric bias, which not only enhanced the film growth rate but also produced a much denser film surface, turned out to be an important process parameter under the condition where an appreciable amount of CNPs is generated.
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Merritt CD, Bewley WW, Kim CS, Canedy CL, Vurgaftman I, Meyer JR, Kim M. Gain and loss as a function of current density and temperature in interband cascade lasers. Appl Opt 2015; 54:F1-F7. [PMID: 26560596 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.0000f1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We characterize the internal efficiency, internal loss, and optical gain versus current density in 7-stage interband cascade lasers operating at λ=3.1 and 3.45 μm using a cavity-length study of the external differential quantum efficiency (EDQE) and threshold current density at temperatures between 300 and 345 K. We find that the pronounced efficiency droop of the EDQE at high current densities is primarily due to an increase in the internal loss rather than a reduction in the internal efficiency. On the other hand, if the current density J is fixed, the temperature variation of the EDQE at that J is due primarily to a decrease of the internal efficiency. The gain versus current density is fit well by a logarithmic relationship, although the magnitude of the experimental gain is >20% below the theoretical estimate.
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Northern JH, O'Hagan S, Fletcher B, Gras B, Ewart P, Kim CS, Kim M, Merritt CD, Bewley WW, Canedy CL, Abell J, Vurgaftman I, Meyer JR. Mid-infrared multi-mode absorption spectroscopy using interband cascade lasers for multi-species sensing. Opt Lett 2015; 40:4186-9. [PMID: 26368743 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.004186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
An interband cascade laser (ICL) operating at 3.7 μm has been used to perform multimode absorption spectroscopy, MUMAS, at scan rates up to 10 kHz. Line widths of individual modes in the range 10-80 MHz were derived from isolated lines in the MUMAS signatures of HCl. MUMAS data for methane covering a spectral range of 30 nm yielded a detection level of 30 μbar·m for 1 s measurement time at 100 Hz. Simultaneous detection of methane, acetylene, and formaldehyde in a gas mixture containing all three species is reported.
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Lee HN, Lee KH, Kim CS. Abscisic acid receptor PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE-LIKE 8, PYL8, is involved in glucose response and dark-induced leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:24-8. [PMID: 25983319 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) receptors in plants are thought to be involved in various cellular processes mediated by signal transduction pathways. There are about 14 ABA receptors in Arabidopsis, but only a few have been studied. In this study, we investigated the effect of the disruption and overexpression of an ABA receptor gene, PYL8 (At5g53160) on plant responses to glucose (Glc) and dark-induced leaf senescence. Expression of PYL8 was strongly reduced by Glc treatment. Overexpression of PYL8 in Arabidopsis resulted in significantly reduced seed germination and cotyledon greening under high Glc conditions, while RNAi transgenic lines were more insensitive to Glc stress. Activities of two Glc-responsive genes, Arabidopsis thaliana Hexokinase 1 (AtHXK1) and ABA insensitive 5 (ABI5) were higher in PYL8-overexpressing plants than in the wild-type (WT) plants after Glc treatment, whereas the transcript levels of these genes in RNAi plants decreased. Furthermore, PYL8-overexpressing plants displayed increased yellowing, membrane ion leakage, and reduced chlorophyll content due to dark-induced senescence, and exhibited stronger expression of a group of senescence-inducible genes than did WT. The data show that PYL8 plays essential roles in responses to both Glc and dark-induced senescence in A. thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Nul Lee
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Rural and Biosystems Engineering, Agricultural Robotics and Automation Research Center, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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Min JH, Chung JS, Lee KH, Kim CS. The CONSTANS-like 4 transcription factor, AtCOL4, positively regulates abiotic stress tolerance through an abscisic acid-dependent manner in Arabidopsis. J Integr Plant Biol 2015; 57:313-24. [PMID: 25073793 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The precise roles of the B-box zinc finger family of transcription factors in plant stress are poorly understood. Functional analysis was performed on AtCOL4, an Arabidopsis thaliana L. CONSTANS-like 4 protein that is a putative novel transcription factor, and which contains a predicted transcriptional activation domain. Analyses of an AtCOL4 promoter-β-glucuronidase (GUS) construct revealed substantial GUS activity in whole seedlings. The expression of AtCOL4 was strongly induced by abscisic acid (ABA), salt, and osmotic stress. Mutation in atcol4 resulted in increased sensitivity to ABA and salt stress during seed germination and the cotyledon greening process. In contrast, AtCOL4-overexpressing plants were less sensitive to ABA and salt stress compared to the wild type. Interestingly, in the presence of ABA or salt stress, the transcript levels of other ABA biosynthesis and stress-related genes were enhanced induction in AtCOL4-overexpressing and WT plants, rather than in the atcol4 mutant. Thus, AtCOL4 is involved in ABA and salt stress response through the ABA-dependent signaling pathway. Taken together, these findings provide compelling evidence that AtCOL4 is an important regulator for plant tolerance to abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, South Korea
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Chen XH, Kim CS, Kashiwagi T, Tebayashi S, Horiike M. Antifeedants against Acusta despesta from the Japanese Cedar, Cryptomeria japonica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 56:249-52. [PMID: 11371016 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2001-3-413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
During our studies on the components in Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica, we found that the crude methanol extract of C. japonica showed intense antifeeding activity against one snail species, Acusta despesta, which is well-known as a pest of many vegetables and crops.
The active components in the extract were separated into the hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions. From the active ethyl acetate soluble fraction, two norlignans, sequirin-C and agatharesinol, were isolated and identified as the active compounds. Both compounds inhibited feeding behavior of A. despesta at 30 μg/cm2 and 40 μg/cm2 concentrations, respectively, when applied by an eggplant leaf or filter paper containing 20 μl of 5% sucrose solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Chen
- Department of Bioresources Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
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Min JH, Ju HW, Yang KY, Chung JS, Cho BH, Kim CS. Heterologous expression of the gourd E3 ubiquitin ligase gene LsRZF1 compromises the drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol Biochem 2014; 77:7-14. [PMID: 24525351 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Protein ubiquitination is one of the major regulatory processes used by eukaryotic cells. The ubiquitin E3 ligase acts as a main determinant of substrate specificity. However, the precise roles of E3 ligase in plants to drought stress are poorly understood. In this study, a gourd family (Lagenaria siceraria) ortholog of Arabidopsis thaliana RING Zinc Finger 1 (AtRZF1) gene, designated LsRZF1, was identified and characterized. LsRZF1 was reduced by abscisic acid (ABA), osmotic stress, and drought conditions. Compared to wild type, transgenic Arabidopsis plants ectopic expressing LsRZF1 were hypersensitive to ABA and osmotic stress during early seedling development, indicating that LsRZF1 negatively regulates drought-mediated control of early seedling development. Moreover, the ectopic expression of the LsRZF1 gene was very influential in drought sensitive parameters including proline content, water loss, and the expression of dehydration stress-related genes. Furthermore, ubiquitin E3 ligase activity and genetic data indicate that AtRZF1 and LsRZF1 function in similar pathway to control proline metabolism in Arabidopsis under drought condition. Together, these results suggest that the E3 ligase LsRZF1 is an important regulator of water deficit stress during early seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hee Min
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Ju
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Yeol Yang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sung Chung
- Department of Agronomy, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Baik-Ho Cho
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Soo Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang X, Min JH, Huang P, Chung JS, Lee KH, Kim CS. AtSKIP functions as a mediator between cytokinin and light signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell Rep 2014; 33:401-409. [PMID: 24258244 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-013-1540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE AtSKIP participated in cytokinin-regulated leaf initiation. Putative phosphorylated AtSKIP (AtSKIP (DD) ) displayed the opposite function in the leaf development from AtSKIP transgenic seedlings. ABSTRACT AtSKIP, as a multiple protein, is involved in many physiological processes, such as flowering, cell cycle regulator, photomorphogenesis and stress tolerance. However, the mechanism of AtSKIP in these processes is unclear. Here, we identify one gene, AtSKIP, which is associated with cytokinin-regulated leaf growth process in Arabidopsis. The expression of AtSKIP was regulated by cytokinin. Leaf development in AtSKIP overproduced seedlings was independent of light, but promoted by cytokinin, and phosphorylation of AtSKIP (AtSKIP(DD)) partially interfered with AtSKIP function as a positive regulator in cytokinin signaling, indicative of true leaf formation, and the defects of AtSKIP(DD) in the true leaf formation could be recovered to some extent by the addition of cytokinin. Moreover, different cytokinin-responsive gene Authentic Response Regulator 7 (ARR7) promoter-GUS activity further proved that expression of AtSKIP or AtSKIP(DD) altered endogenous cytokinin signaling in plants. Together, these data indicate that AtSKIP participates in cytokinin-regulated promotion of leaf growth in photomorphogenesis, and that phosphorylation interferes with AtSKIP normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, 14 Sheng li Road, Urumqi, 830046, China
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Kim YS, Sohn E, Jung DH, Lee YM, Kim CS, Kim J, Kim JS. Expression of heat shock protein 90 in the kidneys of diabetic db/db mice. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2014; 18:2198-2204. [PMID: 25070827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify novel genes regulated in diabetic nephropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Total RNA from the renal cortex of db/+ and db/db mice was isolated and DNA microarrays specific for diabetes signaling pathways were used for expression profiling. Expression of mRNA and protein was determined by RT-PCR and western blotting. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay and immunohistochemical staining were assessed in renal cortex of db/db mice. RESULTS Microarray data revealed that 7 genes show up- or down-regulated pattern and diabetic mice specifically decreased heat shock protein (Hsp) 90α expression of genes compared to control mice (diabetic mice 0.68 vs. control mice 1 relative density). Expression of Hsp90α mRNA and Hsp90 protein was significantly decreased in the renal cortex of diabetic mice. However, Hsp70 mRNA and protein expression was not changed. Apoptosis was increased in glomeruli of diabetic mice due to increased expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that Hsp 90 expression was decreased in diabetic glomeruli and decreased Hsp90 expression may mediate podocyte apoptosis in type 2 diabetic kidneys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Kim
- Korean Medicine-Based Herbal Drug Development Group, Herbal Medicine Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine (KIOM), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Lee SJ. Akt inhibition enhances the cytotoxic effect of apigenin in combination with PLX4032 in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells harboring BRAFV600E. J Endocrinol Invest 2013; 36:1099-104. [PMID: 24084189 DOI: 10.3275/9099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of apigenin in combination with BRAFV600E inhibitor PLX4032 on cell survival, and to investigate the influence of Akt inhibition on the combined effect of apigenin and PLX4032 in ATC cells harboring BRAFV600E. In 8505C and FRO cells harboring BRAFV600E, after treatment of apigenin and PLX4032, the cell viability decreased, and the percentage of dead cells increased in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, respectively. In apigenin- and PLX4032- treated cells, compared with apigenin alone-treated cells, the cell viability was lessened, and the percentage of dead cells was multiplied. In the addition of PLX4032 to apigenin, compared with the treatment of apigenin alone, the protein levels of cleaved PARP-1 and cleaved caspase-3 were elevated, and phospho-ERK protein levels were reduced, and the protein levels of total ERK, c-Myc, BRAF, phospho-Akt, phospho-p70S6K and phospho-4EBP1 were not varied. Compared with the treatment of PLX4032 alone, phosphop70S6K protein levels were reduced, and the other protein levels were not altered. Phospho-ERK protein levels were reduced only in 8505C cells. Under the co-treatment of apigenin and PLX4032, administration of the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin further decreased the cell viability, and increased the percentage of dead cells. In conclusion, our results suggest that PLX4032 augments apigenin-induced cytotoxicity in ATC cells harboring BRAFV600E. Moreover, Akt suppression potentiates the combined effect of apigenin and PLX4032 in ATC cells harboring BRAFV600E.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon 200-704, Republic of Korea
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Kim DW, Park JC, Rim TT, Jung UW, Kim CS, Donos N, Cha IH, Choi SH. Socioeconomic disparities of periodontitis in Koreans based on the KNHANES IV. Oral Dis 2013; 20:551-9. [PMID: 24033864 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to identify the socioeconomic factors associated with the prevalence of periodontitis in Koreans. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 12 763 subjects, 15 years old and above, who underwent periodontal examinations were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV (2007-209). Multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses were applied to estimate the association between socioeconomic indicators and prevalence of periodontitis. RESULTS A significant association was found between increasing age and periodontitis. Participants with higher income were less likely to have periodontitis (aOR = 0.9 and 95% CI = 0.78-0.98, and aOR = 0.7 and 95% CI = 0.60-0.80 in the middle and highest quintiles of monthly household income, respectively). In addition, participants living in rural areas were less likely to have periodontitis (aOR = 0.9 and 95% CI = 0.81-0.99), and current smokers were more likely to have periodontitis (aOR = 1.7 and 95% CI = 1.49-1.89). The analysis of comorbidities revealed that individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) were significantly more likely to have periodontitis (aOR = 1.4 and 95% CI = 1.18-1.68). CONCLUSIONS In a rapidly increasing Korean population, the lower socioeconomic groups as well as individuals with DM were significantly more likely to present with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim CS, Chi C, Miller SR, Rosales RA, Sugihara ES, Akau J, Rytuba JJ, Webb SM. (Micro)spectroscopic analyses of particle size dependence on arsenic distribution and speciation in mine wastes. Environ Sci Technol 2013; 47:8164-8171. [PMID: 23889478 DOI: 10.1021/es4010653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The chemical speciation and distribution of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in mine wastes is critical to assessing the risks posed by these wastes and predicting the potential bioavailability of the metal(loid)s present. Of additional potential importance is the role of particle size in the fate, transport, and toxicity of contaminated mining materials. Spectroscopic analyses of size-separated mine tailings and adjacent background samples from the Randsburg Historic Mining District, California were conducted to quantify the speciation and distribution of arsenic (As) as a function of particle size. Micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) mapping of separate size fractions was used to identify multiple populations of particles with different As:Fe ratios, indicating a variety of distinct arsenic-bearing species. Bulk extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy identified phases including arseniosiderite, Ca2Fe3(3+)(AsO4)3O3·3H2O, and As(V) sorbed to iron hydroxides (ferrihydrite, goethite), confirming a strong statistical correlation between arsenic and iron observed in both μXRF studies and bulk chemical analyses. Differences in As speciation between the mine tailings and background samples also suggest that weathering of crystalline As-bearing phases in tailings leads to sorption of dissolved arsenic to iron hydroxides in nontailings background material.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Kim
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Schmid College of Science and Technology, Chapman University , One University Drive, Orange, California 92866, United States.
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Lee SJ. Inhibition of p21 and Akt potentiates SU6656-induced caspase-independent cell death in FRO anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Horm Metab Res 2013; 45:408-14. [PMID: 23386415 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1333716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
SU6656 is a small-molecule indolinone that selectively inhibits Src family kinase and induces death of cancer cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of SU6656 on cell survival and to assess the role of p21 and PI3K/Akt signaling in cell survival resulting from SU6656 treatment in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells. When 8505C, CAL62, and FRO ATC cells were treated with SU6656, the viability of 8505C and CAL62 ATC cells decreased only after treatment with SU6656 at a dosage of 100 μM for 72 h, while the viability of FRO ATC cells decreased after treatment with SU6656 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Cell viability was not changed by pretreatment with the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. Phospho-Src protein levels were reduced, and p21 protein levels were elevated. Phospho-ERK1/2 protein levels were multiplied without alteration of total ERK1/2, total Akt, and phospho-Akt protein levels. Regarding FRO ATC cells, the decrement of cell viability, the increment of cleaved PARP-1 protein levels, and the decrement of phospho-Src protein levels were shown in p21 siRNA- or LY294002-pretreated cells compared to SU6656-treated control cells. ERK1/2 siRNA transfection did not affect cell viability and protein levels of cleaved PARP-1, p21, and Akt. In conclusion, these results suggest that SU6656 induces caspase-independent death of FRO ATC cells by overcoming the resistance mechanism involving p21 and Akt. Suppression of p21 and Akt enhances the cytotoxic effect of SU6656 in FRO ATC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Ju HW, Min JH, Chung MS, Kim CS. The atrzf1 mutation of the novel RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase increases proline contents and enhances drought tolerance in Arabidopsis. Plant Sci 2013; 203-204:1-7. [PMID: 23415322 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The covalent attachment of ubiquitin to proteins plays a fundamental role in the regulation of cellular function through biological events involving abiotic or biotic stress responses, immune responses, and apoptosis. Here, we characterize the biological function of the Arabidopsis thaliana RING Zinc Finger 1 (AtRZF1) in dehydration response. AtRZF1 was significantly reduced by drought stress. The atrzf1 mutant was less sensitive to osmotic stress than the wild-type during early seedling development, whereas transgenic plants overexpressing AtRZF1 were hypersensitive, indicating that AtRZF1 negatively regulates drought-mediated control of early seedling development. Moreover, the ectopic expression of the AtRZF1 gene was very significantly influential in drought sensitive parameters including proline content, water loss, membrane ion leakage and the expression of dehydration stress-related genes. AtRZF1 is a functional E3 ubiquitin ligase, and its conserved C3H2C3-type RING domain is likely important for the biological function of AtRZF1 in drought response. Together, these results suggest that the E3 ligase AtRZF1 is an important regulator of water deficit stress during early seedling development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Woo Ju
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Son H, Cho SY, Park S, Kang JY, Kim CS, Kim HG. A retrospective study of clinical outcomes of α-blocker or finasteride monotherapy followed by combination therapy: determination of the period of combination therapy of α-blocker and finasteride. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67:351-5. [PMID: 23521327 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We investigated outcomes after discontinuing alpha-blockers or finasteride in patients who initially received combination therapy and compared differences by duration of combination therapy. METHODS Patients with international prostate symptom score ≥ 8, serum prostatic-specific antigen (PSA) < 4 ng/ml, prostate volume > 25 cm(3) and combination therapy of alpha-blockers and finasteride for more than 6 months were classified into three groups. Group 1 continued combination therapy; group 2, alpha-blockers monotherapy; and group 3, finasteride monotherapy. All parameters were evaluated before and after changing to monotherapy. Patients who received combination therapy for 6-9 months and those who received combination therapy for longer were comparatively analysed. RESULTS Mean age of the 106 patients was 66.9 ± 7.8 years. No significant differences in baseline symptom scores, PSA or prostate volume were found. Following combination therapy, symptom scores, and quality of life (QoL) decreased for all groups. Group 1 maintained decreased PSA and prostate volume, and improved uroflowmetric profiles. No differences in uroflowmetric parameters were found after 6 months. Group 2 maintained improved symptoms, QoL and uroflowmetric profiles, although PSA and prostate volume returned to baseline. Group 3 maintained lowered PSA and prostate volume, whereas Qmax returned to baseline. QoL scores showed no change. Patients who received combination therapy for ≥9 months improved more in symptoms and QoL than those who received shorter combination therapy. CONCLUSIONS Discontinuation of alpha-blockers or finasteride after combination therapy for ≥ 6 months maintained improvements in symptoms. The appropriate period of combination therapy was ≥ 9 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Son
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Huang P, Ju HW, Min JH, Zhang X, Kim SH, Yang KY, Kim CS. Overexpression of L-type lectin-like protein kinase 1 confers pathogen resistance and regulates salinity response in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Sci 2013; 203-204:98-106. [PMID: 23415333 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2012.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Plant receptor-like protein kinases are thought to be involved in various cellular processes mediated by signal transduction pathways. There are about 45 lectin receptor kinases in Arabidopsis, but only a few have been studied. Here, we investigated the effect of the disruption and overexpression of a plasma membrane-localized L-type lectin-like protein kinase 1, AtLPK1 (At4g02410), on plant responses to abiotic and biotic stress. Expression of AtLPK1 was strongly induced by abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid and stress treatments. Overexpression of AtLPK1 in Arabidopsis resulted in enhanced seed germination and cotyledon greening under high salinity condition, while antisense transgenic lines were more sensitive to salt stress. Activity of three abiotic stress responsive genes, RD29A, RD29B and COR15A, was elevated in AtLPK1-overexpressing plants than that in wild type (WT) plants with salt treatment, whereas the transcript level of these genes in antisense plants decreased compared with WT. Furthermore, AtLPK1-overexpressing plants displayed increased resistance to infection by Botrytis cinerea and exhibited stronger expression of a group of defense-related genes than did WT. The data implicates AtLPK1 plays essential roles at both abiotic and biotic stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Huang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Republic of Korea
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Kim SH, Kang JG, Kim CS, Ihm SH, Choi MG, Yoo HJ, Lee SJ. CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein sensitizes to SU5416 by modulating p21 and PI3K/Akt signal pathway in FRO anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cells. Horm Metab Res 2013; 45:9-14. [PMID: 22918703 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1323680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SU5416, vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor inhibitor, suppresses hypoxia-induced angiogenesis, growth, proliferation, and metastasis in cancer cells. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP) has pivotal roles in regulation of growth and survival. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of SU5416 on cell survival, p21, and PI3K/Akt signal pathway in FRO anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) cells. Moreover, we investigated the roles of CHOP in cell survival under condition of SU5416 treatment in FRO ATC cells. After SU5416 treatment, cell viability, PARP-1, and caspase-3 protein levels were not changed. p53 and p27 protein levels decreased while p21 protein levels increased. Phospho-Akt protein levels were not altered. In SU5416-treated situation, cell viability was not different before and after administration of either p21 siRNA or LY294002 whereas it was lessened after co-administration of p21 siRNA and LY294002. Compared to SU5416 treatment alone, cell viability was reduced with CHOP plasmid but it was unchanged with CHOP siRNA. PARP-1 and caspase-3 protein levels with CHOP plasmid were elevated whereas the protein levels with CHOP siRNA were similar. While CHOP plasmid transfection diminished p21 and phospho-Akt protein levels, CHOP siRNA transfection did not alter the protein levels. In conclusion, these results suggest that CHOP may sensitize FRO ATC cells to SU5416 thereby inhibiting cell survival by modulating p21 and PI3K/Akt signal pathway. Furthermore, these findings imply that CHOP may be a possible candidate as the chemosensitizing factor for induction of cytotoxicity in ATC cells exposed to SU5416.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
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Kim SW, Yoon SS, Suzuki R, Matsuno Y, Yi HG, Yoshida T, Imamura M, Wake A, Miura K, Hino M, Ishikawa T, Kim JS, Maeda Y, Lee JJ, Kang HJ, Lee HS, Lee JH, Izutsu K, Fukuda T, Kim CW, Yoshino T, Ohshima K, Nakamura S, Nagafuji K, Suzumiya J, Harada M, Kim CS. Comparison of outcomes between autologous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for peripheral T-cell lymphomas with central review of pathology. Leukemia 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kim YK, Park G, Kim CS, Yu HC, Han YM. Diagnostic efficacy of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI for the detection and characterisation of liver metastases: comparison with multidetector-row CT. Br J Radiol 2012; 85:539-47. [PMID: 22556405 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/25139667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We compared the diagnostic performance of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI and 16-slice multidetector CT (MDCT) with respect to their abilities to detect hepatic metastases and differentiate hepatic metastases from hepatic cysts and haemangiomas. METHODS 67 patients with 110 liver metastases (size 0.3-2.5 cm), 33 haemangiomas (size 0.5-1.5 cm) and 17 cysts (size 0.3-1.0 cm) underwent 4-phase MDCT and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI, including early dynamic phases, post-contrast T(2) weighted turbo spin echo sequences and 20 min hepatocyte-selective phases. Two observers independently analysed each image in random order. Sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy for lesion detection and differentiation for MDCT and gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI were calculated using receiver operating characteristic analysis. RESULTS For both observers, the Az values of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI (mean, 0.982 and 0.981) were significantly higher than the Az values of MDCT (mean, 0.839 and 0.892) (p<0.05) for the detection of metastases and for the differentiation of metastases from haemangiomas and cysts. Sensitivities of gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI with regard to the detection and characterisation of liver metastases (mean, 96.9% and 96.0%) were significantly higher than those of MDCT (mean, 78.7% and 75.0%) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Gadoxetic acid-enhanced MRI showed higher diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity than did MDCT for the detection of hepatic metastases and for the differentiation between hepatic metastases and hepatic haemangiomas or cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital and Medical School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Pregabalin, (S)-3-aminomethyl-5-methyl hexanoic acid, is a ligand for the α2δ subunit (a component of voltage-gated calcium channels) and has analgesic and anticonvulsant properties. Glutamate uptake by glutamate transporters may be a mechanism for these properties. We investigated the effects of pregabalin on the activity of the neuronal glutamate transporter type 3 (EAAT3). METHODS EAAT3 was expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Two-electrode voltage clamping was used to record membrane currents before, during, and after applying l-glutamate (30 μM) in the presence or absence of pregabalin. Currents were also measured in oocytes pretreated with a protein kinase C (PKC) activator (phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, PMA), PKC inhibitors (chelerythrine or staurosporine), or a phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor wortmannin. RESULTS The exposure of the oocytes injected with EAAT3 mRNA to serial concentrations of pregabalin (0.06-60 μM) significantly increased their responses to 30 μM l-glutamate. A kinetic study showed that pregabalin significantly increased V(max) without changing K(m). Treatment of oocytes with PMA, pregabalin, or pregabalin plus PMA significantly increased transporter currents vs controls, but treatment with PMA plus pregabalin did not increase the responses further vs PMA or pregabalin alone. In addition, pretreatment of oocytes with two PKC inhibitors (chelerythrine or staurosporine), or inhibitor wortmannin, significantly reduced basal and pregabalin-enhanced EAAT3 activity. CONCLUSIONS Pregabalin increased EAAT3 activity and PKC and PI3K were involved. This may explain the analgesic effect of pregabalin in neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Ryu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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