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Devidas SB, Bhandari P. Quantitative determination of specialised metabolites in different parts of Juglans regia Linn. and Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch by using UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2024; 35:102-115. [PMID: 37697487 DOI: 10.1002/pca.3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Juglans regia Linn. and Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch are nut-producing plant species of the Juglandaceae family. Bioactive compounds like naphthoquinones, tetralones, and diarylheptanoids are dominant in these species. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to develop and validate a fast and sensitive analytical method by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-MS) for quantification and identification of bioactive compounds in fruit pericarps and leaves of J. regia and C. illinoinensis collected from two different states of north India. METHODOLOGY The dried pericarps of J. regia and C. illinoinensis (500 mg) were extracted with ethyl acetate-methanol (50:50 v/v, 20 mL, 50°C, 30 min) by ultrasonication and analysed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography diode array detection quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS) for qualitative and quantitative examination of phytoconstituents. The method was validated according to International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human use (ICH) guidelines for linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ). RESULTS Here, we report the quantification of dihydrophaseic acid (1), 4,5-dihydroxytetralone (2), 4,8-dihydroxytetralone (3), 5,8-dihydroxy-3-methoxytetralone (4), and juglanin A (5) in the pericarps and leaves of J. regia and C. illinoinensis. Furthermore, using the hyphenated analytical method, a total of 62 compounds were tentatively characterised in different samples. The principal component analysis (PCA) showed diversity between the analysed sample's composition. Also, the study evaluated the variation of bioactive compounds among different parts of J. regia and C. illinoinensis collected from different regions of northern India by UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS. CONCLUSION The developed method is simple, rapid, and selective for the identification and characterisation of bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinde Bhagatsing Devidas
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Pamita Bhandari
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Sharma M, Sharma M, Sharma M. A comprehensive review on ethnobotanical, medicinal and nutritional potential of walnut (Juglans regia L.). PROCEEDINGS OF THE INDIAN NATIONAL SCIENCE ACADEMY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9510174 DOI: 10.1007/s43538-022-00119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Juglans regia L. commonly known as walnut is used as the most extensive and economical tree in the world. This review aims to study the ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological potential of walnut. The literature has been collected from different online sources like science Direct, Scopus, ResearchGate, Google Scholar, PubMed, etc. based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. An ethnomedicinal survey has also been conducted to document the traditional knowledge and uses of walnut among the local peoples of the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir. On surveying the local peoples in the different major walnut-producing areas, it has been followed that the walnut is locally used as a medicinal, nutritional, and commercial plant to treat common diseases and disorders in the locality. The survey has been conducted first time in the area and no study has been reported till now in the Jammu Division while some work has been reported in the Kashmir Division. Among the many bioactive compounds present in various plant parts, Juglone has been reported a significant anti-cancer compound in treating deadly cancer. This systematic review describes the significant knowledge and traditional information collected on ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, habitat, macro-morphology, area of distribution, and pharmacological importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Sharma
- Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, 176206 Kangra India
| | - Munit Sharma
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University), Haridwar, 249404 Uttarakhand India
| | - Munish Sharma
- Department of Plant Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Shahpur, 176206 Kangra India
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Khattak P, Khalil TF, Bibi S, Jabeen H, Muhammad N, Khan MA, Liaqat S. Juglans Regia (Walnut Tree) Bark in Dentistry. PAKISTAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 5. [DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Juglans regia, commonly known as the Walnut tree, is a type of a deciduous tree. The tree has many important parts, the seed, bark, husk, leaves, oil, shell of the fruit and the kernel. The plant has been used in its crude form since ages. The kernel holds nutritional value. The leaves contain an essential oil which is extracted and used. The husk contains steroids and vitamins amongst other useful compounds. The leaves are used topically as antipyretic, analgesic, antidandruff and to heal burns. The bark is tough and has been used for mechanical tooth cleaning due to its tough fibrous texture. It contains Juglone as its main and most important constituent. Juglone works as an anti-viral, anti-parasitic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancerous agent. In dentistry it poses as an effective anti-plaque, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-cariogenic and tooth whitening material. It was concluded that in recent years, scientists and researchers have shown increasing interest towards the in depth understanding of the chemicals and compounds of the bark and its utilization in dental products towards improving dental treatment.
The author would like to thank ORIC, Khyber Medical University for assistance in publication Reference No: KMU/ORIC/AR/005.
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Flavonoids and Naphthoquinones from Leaves of Juglans nigra. Chem Nat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-022-03616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Khattak P, Khalil TF, Bibi S, Jabeen H, Muhammad N, Khan MA, Liaqat S. Juglans Regia (Walnut Tree) Bark in Dentistry. PAKISTAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2022; 5. [DOI: 10.54393/pbmj.v5i1.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Juglans regia, commonly known as the Walnut tree, is a type of a deciduous tree. The tree has many important parts, the seed, bark, husk, leaves, oil, shell of the fruit and the kernel. The plant has been used in its crude form since ages. The kernel holds nutritional value. The leaves contain an essential oil which is extracted and used. The husk contains steroids and vitamins amongst other useful compounds. The leaves are used topically as antipyretic, analgesic, antidandruff and to heal burns. The bark is tough and has been used for mechanical tooth cleaning due to its tough fibrous texture. It contains Juglone as its main and most important constituent. Juglone works as an anti-viral, anti-parasitic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancerous agent. In dentistry it poses as an effective anti-plaque, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-cariogenic and tooth whitening material. It was concluded that in recent years, scientists and researchers have shown increasing interest towards the in depth understanding of the chemicals and compounds of the bark and its utilization in dental products towards improving dental treatment.
The author would like to thank ORIC, Khyber Medical University for assistance in publication Reference No: KMU/ORIC/AR/005.
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Traditional Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antituberculosis Drugs: A System Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9910365. [PMID: 34541000 PMCID: PMC8448615 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9910365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are the chief components in the different oriental formulations in different traditional medical systems worldwide. As a thriving source of medicine, the medicinal plants with antituberculosis (TB) properties inspire the pharmacists to develop new drugs based on their active components or semimetabolites. In the present review, the anti-TB medicinal plants were screened from the scientific literatures, based on the botanical classification and the anti-TB activity. The obtained anti-TB medicinal plants were categorized into three different categories, viz., 159 plants critically examined with a total 335 isolated compounds, 131 plants with their crude extracts showing anti-TB activity, and 27 plants in literature with the prescribed formula by the traditional healers. Our systemic analysis on the medicinal plants can assist the discovery of novel and more efficacious anti-TB drugs.
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Morales-de la Peña M, Rábago-Panduro L, Martín-Belloso O, Welti-Chanes J. Challenges and Benefits of Using Pecan Kernels, Derivatives, and Byproducts as Alternative Ingredients in Food Product Development. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1961269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - L.M. Rábago-Panduro
- Escuela De Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Centro De Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico De Monterrey, Monterrey, México
- Departamento De Tecnología De Alimentos – Centro AGROTECNIO, Universidad De Lleida, Lleida, España
| | - O. Martín-Belloso
- Escuela De Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Centro De Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico De Monterrey, Monterrey, México
- Departamento De Tecnología De Alimentos – Centro AGROTECNIO, Universidad De Lleida, Lleida, España
| | - J. Welti-Chanes
- Escuela De Ingeniería Y Ciencias, Centro De Biotecnología FEMSA, Tecnológico De Monterrey, Monterrey, México
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Petran M, Dragos D, Gilca M. Historical ethnobotanical review of medicinal plants used to treat children diseases in Romania (1860s-1970s). JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2020; 16:15. [PMID: 32204715 PMCID: PMC7092505 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00364-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Romanian ethnopediatrics has a long history of medicinal plant use. The main objective of the present review was to identify, collect, systematize, and prioritize the available bibliographical data related to medicinal plants traditionally used to treat various pediatric diseases in Romania during the 1860s-1970s. METHODS Information was mainly obtained by manual systematic search in various relevant historical works focused on the traditional use of medicinal plants in Romania (1860s-1970s), found in the Archives of Romanian Academy Library and National Romanian Library. RESULTS A total of 153 medicinal plants belonging to 52 families were identified as having ethnopediatric significance. The plant traditional indications, targeted body systems, parts used, and way of administration were provided. We have also proposed one index (expressed as percentage) in order to assess the ethnopediatric applicability area of species: ethnopediatric relative therapeutic versatility (ERTV), which was calculated on the basis of the number of distinct uses mentioned for a species. The species identified to have the highest ERTV scores were Dryopteris filix-mas (100%), Gratiola officinalis (85.71%), Allium sativum (71.42%), Eryngium planum (71.42%), Juglans regia (71.42%), Matricaria chamomilla (71.42%), Plantago major (71.42%). CONCLUSIONS The present study exposed for the first time to the international scientific community important ethnopediatric information contained in several local Romanian bibliographical resources that could guide the local and international researchers towards new directions of plant valorization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalina Petran
- Department of Functional Sciences I- Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dorin Dragos
- Nephrology Clinic, University Emergency Hospital Bucharest, 050098, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Medical Semiology, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marilena Gilca
- Department of Functional Sciences I- Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania.
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Lunagómez LS, Santiago-Roque I, Gheno-Heredia YA, Corona-Morales AA, Bolado-García VE. Teratogenic effects of Bocconia frutescens L. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:1-4. [PMID: 31907091 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174419000461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
It is estimated that 80% of the world population trusts traditional medicine. A large number of Americans use infusions of Bocconia frutescens L. leaves to treat cough and gastrointestinal disorders. However, phytochemical studies reveal that this plant contains alkaloids and other potentially harmful substances. This study aimed to evaluate the teratogenic effects of B. frutescens L. in an experimental model. Pregnant Wistar rats were administered lyophilized B. frutescens L. extract at 300 mg/kg/day or vehicle by orogastric route during the organogenesis period (gestation days 7-13), and external and internal congenital malformations were analyzed on the progeny on gestational day 20. Bocconia frutescens L. produced a significant increase in the number of different malformations, relative to the control group. We conclude that the consumption of B. frutescens L. during pregnancy at a dose equivalent to that consumed by humans increases the risk of teratogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Lunagómez
- Maestría en Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional, Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - I Santiago-Roque
- Laboratorio de Neurotoxicología, Facultad de Bioanálisis, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - Y A Gheno-Heredia
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Veracruzana, Córdoba Veracruz, México
| | - A A Corona-Morales
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genómica y Fisiológica, Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
| | - V E Bolado-García
- Laboratorio de Investigación Genómica y Fisiológica, Facultad de Nutrición, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa, México
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Perez-Meseguer J, Torres-González L, Gutiérrez-González JA, Alarcón-Galván G, Zapata-Chavira H, Waksman-de Torres N, Moreno-Peña DP, Muñoz-Espinosa LE, Cordero-Pérez P. Anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective activity of Juglans mollis against renal ischemia-reperfusion damage in a Wistar rat model. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:186. [PMID: 31349827 PMCID: PMC6660964 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and the inflammatory process are involved in ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Juglans mollis has been reported as having antioxidant activity, which could attenuate the damage caused by I/R. We evaluated whether a methanolic extract of Juglans mollis (JM) exhibits nephroprotective activity in a Wistar rat model of I/R injury. METHODS Four groups of six rats were used: Sham, I/R, JM, and JM + I/R. Two groups were dosed with JM (300 mg/kg) for 7 days before I/R. I/R injury was induced by clamping the renal hilums for 45 min and then reperfusing the kidneys for 15 h. Blood samples were taken to evaluate the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). RESULTS The levels of creatinine, ALT, MDA, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were lower in JM + I/R than in I/R rats, whereas SOD level only was higher in JM + I/R than in Sham rats. No biochemical or histological damage was observed in JM rats compared with Sham rats; however, less histological damage was observed in JM + I/R rats compared with I/R rats. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of nephroprotective activity of J. mollis against damage induced by I/R. This activity may be related to decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and modulation of oxidative stress markers (SOD and MDA) observed in the present study.
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Hernández-García E, García A, Garza-González E, Avalos-Alanís FG, Rivas-Galindo VM, Rodríguez-Rodríguez J, Alcantar-Rosales VM, Delgadillo-Puga C, Del Rayo Camacho-Corona M. Chemical composition of Acacia farnesiana (L) wild fruits and its activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and dysentery bacteria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 230:74-80. [PMID: 30367988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE In Mexico, plants are an important element of traditional medicine, and many are considered part of Mexican cultural heritage from prehispanic and colonial times. Nevertheless, relatively few systematic scientific studies have been conducted to fully characterize the chemical composition and pharmacological activities of Mexican medicinal plants. Acacia farnesiana is used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat dysentery and tuberculosis and therefore could have bioactive compounds that may explain its traditional use. AIMS OF THE STUDY i) To isolate and characterize the compounds from the hexanic, chloroformic and methanolic extracts; ii) to identify the volatile compounds from methylated hexanic and chloroformic extracts using GC-FID and GC-MS methods; iii) to identify the compounds from methanolic and aqueous extracts using HPLC-Q-TOF-MS; iv) to test the activity of extracts and isolated compounds against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and dysentery bacteria. MATERIAL AND METHODS A. farnesiana fruits were collected in Acatlán de Osorio, Puebla, Mexico. Hexanic, chloroformic, methanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared and analyzed by different chromatographic techniques including column chromatography, flash chromatography, GC-FID, GC-MS and HPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Structural elucidation was carried out by NMR spectroscopic analysis. The activity of extracts, phytochemicals and semi-synthetic derivatives against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and G122 as well as dysentery bacteria (Campylobacter jejuni, Shigella flexneri, Salmonella enteritidis, Yersinia enterocolitica and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli) was determined by the broth microdilution method and reported as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC µg/mL). RESULTS From both hexane and chloroform extracts, tetracosanoic acid (2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (1) and (3β,22E)-estigmasta-5,22-dien-3-yl β-D-glucopyranoside (2) were isolated and characterized. From the methanolic extract, methyl gallate (3), gallic acid (4), (3β,22E)-estigmasta-5,22-dien-3-yl β-D-glucopyranoside (2), (2S) naringenin 7-O-β-glucopyranoside (prunin, 5), pinitol (6) and sucrose (7) were isolated and characterized. Furthermore, hexanic and chloroformic extracts were analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS and 18 methylated fatty acids were identified for each extract in addition to three sterols. The methanolic and aqueous extracts were analyzed separately by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS, and 15 compounds were identified in each extract. The compounds 1, 2, and 7, in addition to 13 fatty acids and eight phenolic compounds, were identified for the first time in A. farnesiana. The extracts showed antitubercular (MIC 100-200 µg/mL) and antidysentery activity (MIC 100-200 µg/mL). Methyl gallate and its acetylated derivative showed activity against the sensible strain M. tuberculosis H37Rv with MIC values of 50-25 µg/mL, respectively. The flavanone prunin showed activity against multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis G122 (MIC 50 μg/mL). Methyl gallate, gallic acid and prunin showed activity against C. jejuni (MIC 50 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS The activity of tested extracts and isolated compounds against M. tuberculosis and dysentery bacteria justifies the ethnomedical use of A. farnesiana fruits for the treatment of tuberculosis and dysentery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hernández-García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Abraham García
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Elvira Garza-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Servicio de Gastroenterología Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Av. Gonzalitos y Madero S/N, Col. Mitras Centro, CP 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Francisco G Avalos-Alanís
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Verónica M Rivas-Galindo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Medicina, Av. Madero S/N, Col. Mitras Centro, CP 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - José Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Instituto Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Campus Monterrey, Av. 2 de Abril S/N, Tecnológico, CP 64849 Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Victor M Alcantar-Rosales
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. Servicios Analíticos, Sede Noreste, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Vía de la Innovación 404, CP 66628 Apodaca, Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Delgadillo-Puga
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez Sección XVI, CP 14080 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - María Del Rayo Camacho-Corona
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, CP 66451 San Nicolás de los Garza, Nuevo León, Mexico.
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Fatima A, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Yaseen G, Zada Khan MP, Butt MA, Sultana S. Ethnopharmacological relevance of medicinal plants used for the treatment of oral diseases in Central Punjab-Pakistan. J Herb Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Panth N, Paudel KR, Karki R. Phytochemical profile and biological activity of Juglans regia. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2018; 14:359-73. [PMID: 27641607 DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(16)60274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Juglans regia Linn. (Juglandaceae), popularly known as English or Persian walnut, is a valuable medicinal plant with a potency to cure various diseases in traditional medicine. Since ancient time, different local ethnic groups have used various part of J. regia for a wide array of ailments including helminthiasis, diarrhea, sinusitis, stomach ache, arthritis, asthma, eczema, scrofula, skin disorders, diabetes mellitus, anorexia, thyroid dysfunction, cancer and infectious diseases. Biological activities of J. regia have been reported in several peer review journals and scientific attention is increasing. The present review attempts to provide comprehensive information on plant description, ethnobotanical use, toxicity, phytochemical profile, pharmacology, clinical studies and current research prospective of the J. regia. Currently, there is an immense interest on isolation/identification of active constituents from walnut and screening those active compounds for pharmacological activities. In addition, researchers are performing clinical trials as well as screening various solvent extracts or fractions of J. regia in several animal diseases models to identify promising therapeutic benefits. In the present work, we review the latest information based on published scientific investigations of J. regia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Panth
- College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun 58554, South Korea
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resource, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun 534-729, South Korea
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Oriental Medicine Resource, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun 534-729, South Korea
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Sharma A, Flores-Vallejo RDC, Cardoso-Taketa A, Villarreal ML. Antibacterial activities of medicinal plants used in Mexican traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:264-329. [PMID: 27155134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE We provide an extensive summary of the in vitro antibacterial properties of medicinal plants popularly used in Mexico to treat infections, and we discuss the ethnomedical information that has been published for these species. MATERIALS AND METHODS We carried out a bibliographic investigation by analyzing local and international peer-reviewed papers selected by consulting internationally accepted scientific databases from 1995 to 2014. We provide specific information about the evaluated plant parts, the type of extracts, the tested bacterial strains, and the inhibitory concentrations for each one of the species. We recorded the ethnomedical information for the active species, as well as their popular names and local distribution. Information about the plant compounds that has been identified is included in the manuscript. This review also incorporates an extensive summary of the available toxicological reports on the recorded species, as well as the worldwide registries of plant patents used for treating bacterial infections. In addition, we provide a list with the top plant species with antibacterial activities in this review RESULTS: We documented the in vitro antibacterial activities of 343 plant species pertaining to 92 botanical families against 72 bacterial species, focusing particularly on Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The plant families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Lamiaceae and Euphorbiaceae included the largest number of active species. Information related to popular uses reveals that the majority of the plants, in addition to treating infections, are used to treat other conditions. The distribution of Mexican plants extended from those that were reported to grow in just one state to those that grow in all 32 Mexican states. From 75 plant species, 225 compounds were identified. Out of the total plant species, only 140 (40.57%) had at least one report about their toxic effects. From 1994 to July 2014 a total of 11,836 worldwide antibacterial patents prepared from different sources were recorded; only 36 antibacterial patents from plants were registered over the same time period. We offered some insights on the most important findings regarding the antibacterial effects, current state of the art, and research perspectives of top plant species with antibacterial activities in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Studies of the antibacterial in vitro activity of medicinal plants popularly used in Mexico to treat infections indicate that both the selection of plant material and the investigation methodologies vary. Standardized experimental procedures as well as in vivo pharmacokinetic studies to document the effectiveness of plant extracts and compounds are necessary. This review presents extensive information about the medicinal plants possessing antibacterial activity that has been scientifically studied and are popularly used in Mexico. We anticipate that this review will be of use for future studies because it constitutes a valuable information tool for selecting the most significant plants and their potential antibacterial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Escuela de Ingeniería en Alimentos, Biotecnología y Agronomía (ESIABA), Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Querétaro, México
| | - Rosario Del Carmen Flores-Vallejo
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| | - Alexandre Cardoso-Taketa
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
| | - María Luisa Villarreal
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Avenida Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca Morelos 62209, México
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15
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Gómez-Cansino R, Guzmán-Gutiérrez SL, Campos-Lara MG, Espitia-Pinzón CI, Reyes-Chilpa R. Natural Compounds from Mexican Medicinal Plants as Potential Drug Leads for Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:31-43. [PMID: 28198919 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Mexican Traditional Medicine 187 plant species are used in the treatment of respiratory conditions that may be associated with tuberculosis. In this contribution, we review the ethnobotany, chemistry and pharmacology of 63 species whose extracts have been assayed for antimycobacterial activity in vitro. Among these, the most potent is Aristolochia brevipes (MIC= 12.5 µg/mL), followed by Aristolochia taliscana, Citrus sinensis, Chrysactinia mexicana, Persea americana, and Olea europaea (MIC<64 µg/mL). Other potent extracts (inhibition > 95%, 50 µg/mL) include: Amphipterygium adstringens, Larrea divaricata, and Phoradendron robinsoni. Several active compounds have been identified, the most potent are: Licarin A (isolated from A. taliscana), and 9-amino-9-methoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[h]-chromen-2-one (transformation product of 9-methoxytariacuripyrone isolated from Aristolochia brevipes), both with MIC= 3.125 µg/mL, that is 8-fold less potent than the reference drug Rifampicin (MIC= 0.5 µg/mL). Any of the compounds or extracts here reviewed has been studied in clinical trials or with animal models; however, these should be accomplished since several are active against strains resistant to common drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Gómez-Cansino
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Productos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México, DF, México.,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, 09340 México, DF, México
| | - Silvia Laura Guzmán-Gutiérrez
- Catedrática CONACyT, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México, DF, México
| | | | - Clara Ines Espitia-Pinzón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México, DF, México
| | - Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa
- Instituto de Química, Departamento de Productos Naturales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 México, DF, México
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16
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Bottari NB, Lopes LQS, Pizzuti K, Filippi Dos Santos Alves C, Corrêa MS, Bolzan LP, Zago A, de Almeida Vaucher R, Boligon AA, Giongo JL, Baldissera MD, Santos RCV. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical characterization of Carya illinoensis. Microb Pathog 2017; 104:190-195. [PMID: 28126664 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Carya illinoensis is a widespread species, belonging to the Juglandaceae family, commonly known as Pecan. Popularly, the leaves have been used in the treatment of smoking as a hypoglycemic, cleansing, astringent, keratolytic, antioxidant, and antimicrobial agent. The following research aimed to identify for the first time the phytochemical compounds present in the leaves of C. illinoensis and carry out the determination of antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts. The antimicrobial activity was tested against 20 microorganisms by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Phenolic acids (gallic acid and ellagic acid), flavonoids (rutin), and tannins (catechins and epicatechins) were identified by HPLC-DAD and may be partially responsible for the antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, and yeast. The results showed MIC values between 25 mg/mL and 0.78 mg/mL. The extracts were also able to inhibit the production of germ tubes by Candida albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathieli Bianchin Bottari
- Laboratory of Microbiology Research, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Kauana Pizzuti
- Laboratory of Microbiology Research, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marcos Saldanha Corrêa
- Laboratory of Microbiology Research, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Leandro Perger Bolzan
- Laboratory of Microbiology Research, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana Zago
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Centro Universitário Franciscano, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Janice Luehring Giongo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai (URI), Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Zhao X, Luo G, Bai C, Peng H, Xiong H. Juglone Thermosensitive Liposomes: Preparation, Characterization, in vitro Release and Hyperthermia Cell Evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/ijfe-2015-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this research, thermosensitive liposomes (t-L) containing juglone were prepared with 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and cholesterol by aether injection method. Morphological characteristics, encapsulation efficiency (EE), particle size, zeta potential, in vitro release, and cell viability of t-L were investigated and compared with those of conventional liposomes (c-L). Results indicated that t-L are multilamellar vesicles with lower negative charge, larger particle diameter, and higher EE than c-L. Moreover, in vitro juglone release from t-L was temperature dependent. Up to 60 % of the loaded juglone was released from t-L in 20 min when environmental temperature was increased from 37 °C to 42 °C; by contrast, >60 % of the drug remained inside for 24 h at 37 °C. Furthermore, MTT assay results revealed that t-L significantly increased the inhibitory effect on HepG2 cell growth and proliferation when these cells were exposed to hyperthermia; therefore, t-L could be applied for targeted therapy.
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18
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Quintanilla-Licea R, Mata-Cárdenas BD, Vargas-Villarreal J, Bazaldúa-Rodríguez AF, Kavimngeles-Hernández I, Garza-González JN, Hernández-García ME. Antiprotozoal activity against Entamoeba histolytica of plants used in northeast Mexican traditional medicine. Bioactive compounds from Lippia graveolens and Ruta chalepensis. Molecules 2014; 19:21044-65. [PMID: 25517343 PMCID: PMC6271573 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Amoebiasis caused by Entamoeba histolytica is associated with high morbidity and mortality is becoming a major public health problem worldwide, especially in developing countries. Because of the side-effects and the resistance that pathogenic protozoa build against the standard antiparasitic drugs, e.g., metronidazole, much recent attention has been paid to plants used in traditional medicine around the world in order to find new antiprotozoal agents. We collected 32 plants used in Northeast Mexican traditional medicine and the methanolic extracts of these species were screened for antiprotozoal activity against E. histolytica trophozoites using in vitro tests. Only 18 extracts showed a significant inhibiting activity and among them six plant extracts showed more than 80% growth inhibition against E. histolytica at a concentration of 150 µg/mL and the IC50 values of these extracts were determined. Lippia graveolens Kunth and Ruta chalepensis Pers. showed the more significant antiprotozoal activity (91.54% and 90.50% growth inhibition at a concentration of 150 µg/mL with IC50 values of 59.14 and 60.07 µg/mL, respectively). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extracts from these two plants afforded carvacrol (1) and chalepensin (2), respectively, as bioactive compounds with antiprotozoal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramiro Quintanilla-Licea
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Benito David Mata-Cárdenas
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Javier Vargas-Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste (CIBIN), Dos de abril esquina con San Luis Potosí, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Aldo Fabio Bazaldúa-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Isvar Kavimngeles-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, UANL, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Av. Universidad S/N, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, C.P. 66451 Nuevo León, Mexico.
| | - Jesús Norberto Garza-González
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste (CIBIN), Dos de abril esquina con San Luis Potosí, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Mexico.
| | - Magda Elizabeth Hernández-García
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Biología Celular, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas del Noreste (CIBIN), Dos de abril esquina con San Luis Potosí, C.P. 64720 Monterrey, Mexico.
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Alkaloids from the tribe Bocconieae (papaveraceae): a chemical and biological review. Molecules 2014; 19:13042-60. [PMID: 25157468 PMCID: PMC6271911 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bocconieae tribe, consisting of only the genera Macleaya and Bocconia, possesses significant economic and medicinal value and plays an important role in health management for people in developing countries. During the past decades, research on metabolites and relative pharmacology, including the isolation and identification of a variety of molecules, has shed light on the tribe. Among those molecules, isoquinoline alkaloids, and their antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities are especially noteworthy. This paper presents a comprehensive compilation of current research progress, with emphasis on the alkaloids and their distribution, phytochemical and pharmacological investigation, toxicity and side effects, related chemotaxonomy and future use prospects, and hopefully provides a valuable reference as an effort to promote further exploration and application of this tribe.
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20
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Lei QF, Zhao XL, Xu LJ, Peng Y, Xiao PG. Chemical Constituents of Plants from Tribe Chelidonieae and their Bioactivities. CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1674-6384(14)60001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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21
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Bussmann RW. The globalization of traditional medicine in northern peru: from shamanism to molecules. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:291903. [PMID: 24454490 PMCID: PMC3888705 DOI: 10.1155/2013/291903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Northern Peru represents the center of the Andean "health axis," with roots going back to traditional practices of Cupisnique culture (1000 BC). For more than a decade of research, semistructured interviews were conducted with healers, collectors, and sellers of medicinal plants. In addition, bioassays were carried out to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of plants found. Most of the 510 species encountered were native to Peru (83%). Fifty percent of the plants used in colonial times have disappeared from the pharmacopoeia. Market vendors specialized either on common and exotic plants, plants for common ailments, and plants only used by healers or on plants with magical purposes. Over 974 preparations with up to 29 different ingredients were used to treat 164 health conditions. Almost 65% of the medicinal plants were applied in these mixtures. Antibacterial activity was confirmed in most plants used for infections. Twenty-four percent of the aqueous extracts and 76% of the ethanolic extracts showed toxicity. Traditional preparation methods take this into account when choosing the appropriate solvent for the preparation of a remedy. The increasing demand for medicinal species did not increase the cultivation of medicinal plants. Most species are wild collected, causing doubts about the sustainability of trade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer W. Bussmann
- William L. Brown Center, Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166-0299, USA
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22
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Sharma N, Ghosh P, Sharma UK, Sinha AK. Antioxidant potential of Juglans regia bark: quantification of seven phenolic compounds by RP-HPLC. Chem Nat Compd 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10600-012-0410-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Flourensia cernua: Hexane Extracts a Very Active Mycobactericidal Fraction from an Inactive Leaf Decoction against Pansensitive and Panresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:782503. [PMID: 21584254 PMCID: PMC3092695 DOI: 10.1155/2011/782503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2010] [Accepted: 02/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of decoction in extracting mycobactericidal compounds from Flourensia cernua (Hojasé) leaves and fractionation with solvents having ascending polarity was compared with that of (i) ethanol extraction by still maceration, extraction with a Soxhlet device, shake-assisted maceration, or ultrasound-assisted maceration, followed by fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol; (ii) sequential extraction with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, by still maceration, using a Soxhlet device, shake-assisted maceration, or ultrasound-assisted maceration. The in vitro mycobactericidal activity of each preparation was measured against drug-sensitive (SMtb) and drug-resistant (RMtb) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. The results of which were expressed as absolute mycobactericidal activity (AMA). These data were normalized to the ΣAMA of the decoction fraction set. Although decoction was inactive, the anti-RMtb normalized ΣAMA (NAMA) of its fractions was comparable with the anti-RMtb NAMA of the still maceration extracts and significantly higher than the anti-SMtb and anti-RMtb NAMAs of every other ethanol extract and serial extract and fraction. Hexane extracted, from decoction, material having 55.17% and 92.62% of antituberculosis activity against SMtb and RMtb, respectively. Although the mycobactericidal activity of decoction is undetectable; its efficacy in extracting F. cernua active metabolites against M. tuberculosis is substantially greater than almost all pharmacognostic methods.
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Samie A, Housein A, Lall N, Meyer JJM. Crude extracts of, and purified compounds from, Pterocarpus angolensis, and the essential oil of Lippia javanica: their in-vitro cytotoxicities and activities against selected bacteria and Entamoeba histolytica. ANNALS OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND PARASITOLOGY 2010; 103:427-39. [PMID: 19583913 DOI: 10.1179/136485909x435111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In a recent study, various extracts of Pterocarpus angolensis were prepared and tested against bacteria. The acetone extract was found to be the most active against all the bacteria investigated, with minimum inhibitory concentrations varying from 0.0156 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus to 2 mg/ml against Enterobacter cloacae. Seven pure compounds were subsequently isolated from the ethanol extract of P. angolensis. Using several chromatographic and spectroscopic methods, the structures of five of these compounds - phthalate and four derivatives of epicatechin [(-)-epicatechin, epicatechin-3-O-galate, epicatechin (4beta-8)-epicatechin (B2), and a hexamer of epicatechin] - were successfully determined. The seven purified compounds were then further tested, in vitro, against Staphylococcus aureus and Entamoeba histolytica, and for their in-vitro cytotoxic activity. Although all seven were active against S. aureus, just one of the purified compounds from P. angolensis and piperitenone, a pure compound isolated from Lippia javanica essential oil, were found to have marked activity against Entamoeba histolytica, with median inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)) of 25 and 100 microg/ml, respectively. The other P. angolensis compounds were either weakly active or showed no activity against the amoebae when tested at concentrations up to 400 microg/ml. All seven compounds isolated from P. angolensis showed less toxicity against cultures of human (HCT-8) cells than piperitenone, with IC(50) of 175-375 microg/ml. The presence of epichatechin and derivatives (with strong antibacterial activities but generally weak activities against Entamoeba histolytica) in the stem bark of P. angolensis has thus been demonstrated. Further investigation of the activities of these compounds and their potential use in the treatment of bacterial diseases appears justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Samie
- Department of Microbiology, University of Venda, Private Bag X5050, Thohoyandou 0950, Limpopo, South Africa.
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