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Heyen S, Schneider V, Hüppe L, Meyer B, Wilkes H. Variations of intact phospholipid compositions in the digestive system of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, between summer and autumn. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295677. [PMID: 38157351 PMCID: PMC10756546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The biochemical composition of Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is largely determined by their feeding behaviour. As they supply energy for animals of a higher trophic level and are also commercialized for human consumption, the interest in research on the species is high. Lipids, especially phospholipids, make up a high proportion of dry weight in krill. Seasonal changes are well documented in the fingerprint of free fatty acids analysed after hydrolysis of phospholipids, but the underlying intact polar lipids are rarely considered. In this study, we evaluated the compositions of intact phospholipids (IPLs) in the stomach, digestive gland and hind gut of Antarctic krill caught in summer and autumn at the Antarctic Peninsula region. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, the fatty acid composition of 179 intact phospholipids could be resolved. Most IPLs were phosphatidylcholines, followed by phosphatidylethanolamines. Several very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids up to 38:8, which have not been reported in krill before, were identified. The composition shifted to higher molecular weight IPLs with a higher degree of unsaturation for summer samples, especially for samples of the digestive gland. The data supplied in this paper provides new insights into lipid dynamics between summer and autumn usually described by free fatty acid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Heyen
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Vivien Schneider
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Hüppe
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bettina Meyer
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Marine Functional Biodiversity (HIFMB), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Wilkes
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
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2
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Griffiths RL. Surface‐sampling mass spectrometry and imaging: Direct analysis of bacterial species. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.6907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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3
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Lellman SE, Cramer R. Bacterial identification by lipid profiling using liquid atmospheric pressure matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 58:930-938. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In recent years, mass spectrometry (MS) has been applied to clinical microbial biotyping, exploiting the speed of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) in recording microbe-specific MS profiles. More recently, liquid atmospheric pressure (AP) MALDI has been shown to produce extremely stable ion flux from homogenous samples and ‘electrospray ionization (ESI)-like’ multiply charged ions for larger biomolecules, whilst maintaining the benefits of traditional MALDI including high tolerance to contaminants, low analyte consumption and rapid analysis. These and other advantages of liquid AP-MALDI MS have been explored in this study to investigate its potential in microbial biotyping.
Methods
Genetically diverse bacterial strains were analyzed using liquid AP-MALDI MS, including clinically relevant species such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Bacterial cultures were subjected to a simple and fast extraction protocol using ethanol and formic acid. Extracts were spotted with a liquid support matrix (LSM) and analyzed using a Synapt G2-Si mass spectrometer with an in-house built AP-MALDI source.
Results
Each species produces a unique lipid profile in the m/z range of 400–1100, allowing species discrimination. Traditional (solid) MALDI MS produced spectra containing a high abundance of matrix-related clusters and an absence of lipid peaks. The MS profiles of the bacterial species tested form distinct clusters using principle component analysis (PCA) with a classification accuracy of 98.63% using a PCA-based prediction model.
Conclusions
Liquid AP-MALDI MS profiles can be sufficient to distinguish clinically relevant bacterial pathogens and other bacteria, based on their unique lipid profiles. The analysis of the lipid MS profiles is typically excluded from commercial instruments approved for clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie E. Lellman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading , UK
| | - Rainer Cramer
- Department of Chemistry , University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading , UK
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4
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Rapid identification of herbal toxins using electrospray laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry for emergency care. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:415-427. [PMID: 30987713 PMCID: PMC9296212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The unintentional ingestion of toxic compounds in herbs is not uncommon in many parts of the world. To provide timely and life-saving care in the emergency department, it is essential to develop a point-of-care analytical method that can rapidly identify these toxins in herbs. Since electrospray laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (ELDI/MS) has been successfully used to characterize non-volatile chemical compounds without sample preparation, it was used to identify toxic herbal compounds in this study. The herbal toxins were collected either by sweeping a metallic probe across the surface of a freshly cut herb section or by directly sampling extracts of ground herbal powder. The analytes on the probe were then desorbed, ionized and detected using ELDI/MS, wherein analysis of the herbal toxins was completed within 30 s. This approach allows for the rapid morphological recognition of herbs and early point-of-care identification of herbal toxins for emergency management and is promising in providing important toxicological information to ensure appropriate medical treatment.
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5
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Jones AD, Boundy-Mills KL, Barla GF, Kumar S, Ubanwa B, Balan V. Microbial Lipid Alternatives to Plant Lipids. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1995:1-32. [PMID: 31148119 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9484-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are in high demand in food production, nutritional supplements, detergents, lubricants, and biofuels. Different oil seeds produced from plants are conventionally extracted to yield lipids. With increasing population and reduced availability of cultivable land, conventional methods of producing lipids alone will not satisfy increasing demand. Lipids produced using different microbial sources are considered as sustainable alternative to plant derived lipids. Various microorganisms belonging to the genera of algae, bacteria, yeast, fungi, or marine-derived microorganisms such as thraustochytrids possess the ability to accumulate lipids in their cells. A variety of microbial production technologies are being used to cultivate these organisms under specific conditions using agricultural residues as carbon source to be cost competitive with plant derived lipids. Microbial oils, also known as single cell oils, have many advantages when compared with plant derived lipids, such as shorter life cycle, less labor required, season and climate independence, no use of arable land and ease of scale-up. In this chapter we compare the lipids derived from plants and different microorganisms. We also highlight various analytical techniques that are being used to characterize the lipids produced in oleaginous organisms and their applications in various processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daniel Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kyria L Boundy-Mills
- Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - G Florin Barla
- Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Suceava, Suceava, Romania
- Tyton Biosciences, Danville, VA, USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Bryan Ubanwa
- Department of Engineering Technology, Biotechnology Program, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Venkatesh Balan
- Department of Engineering Technology, Biotechnology Program, College of Technology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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6
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Fine Needle Aspiration Combined With Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight/Mass Spectrometry to Characterize Lipid Biomarkers for Diagnosing Accuracy of Breast Cancer. Clin Breast Cancer 2017. [PMID: 28648841 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology has been widely used for pathologic assessment of breast lesions. However, the examination suffers a risk of false-negative results owing to insufficient sample volumes, inaccurate sampling positions, nondefinitive cytologic features, or suboptimal cell preservation. One approach to improve its accuracy is using modern mass spectrometry to detect disease biomarkers, of which the tissue samples are collected through FNA. METHODS The biological compounds in the FNA tissue samples were extracted and characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). The results were further analyzed by principal component analysis. Distribution of lipid biomarkers on tissues was explored by imaging mass spectrometry. RESULTS Lipid profiles of the tissue samples collected by FNA were rapidly obtained through MALDI-TOF/MS analysis. Phosphatidylcholines and triacylglycerols were detected as the predominant compounds in cancerous and normal regions, respectively. The samples were clearly classified by principal component analysis, based on the differences in their lipid profiles. Different lipid patterns were clearly viewed through the molecular imaging of normal and tumorous regions of breast tissue samples. CONCLUSION The FNA-MALDI-TOF/MS approach can provide complementary information for pathological examinations and improve the accuracy of breast cancer diagnoses. Owing to the ease of operation and automation, it is possible to efficiently screen the lipid biomarkers in a large number of tissue samples by means of MALDI-TOF/MS.
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7
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Bacterial analysis by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry on amorphous silicon. Biointerphases 2016; 11:041008. [PMID: 28006919 DOI: 10.1116/1.4972416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid profiling in nine bacterial species has been accomplished by laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS) using amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin film with 100 nm thickness. Lipid ions could be generated by LDI on a-Si regardless of ion acquisition modes because of a thermal property of a-Si to govern laser-induced surface heating. In a comparative study of lipid profiling in Bacillus lichemiformis by LDI-MS and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), LDI-MS on a-Si shows a higher efficiency in lipid and lipopeptide detection than MALDI-MS. A total of 53 peaks of lipid ions generated by LDI on a-Si in both acquisition modes for m/z 400-1200 was 1.6 times more than that detected by MALDI-MS using three organic matrices-2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 1,5-diaminonaphthalene, and 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone monohydrate. Also, the authors demonstrate by mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) that LDI-MS provides high detection coverage through whole sample area. MSI results show the detection yield in LDI on a-Si is 94.8% calculated by counting the number of points detected in the analyte ion signal in a whole spot. It means that reproducible detection of lipid ions by LDI-MS is possible even if laser is randomly irradiated at any position within the bacterial sample area applied on a-Si. Lipid profiling by LDI-MS on a-Si was applied to bacterial differentiation of nine bacterial species conducted by performing principal component analysis. Nine bacterial species are successfully distinguishable from each other by LDI-MS lipid profiling.
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8
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Labas V, Spina L, Belleannee C, Teixeira-Gomes AP, Gargaros A, Dacheux F, Dacheux JL. Analysis of epididymal sperm maturation by MALDI profiling and top-down mass spectrometry. J Proteomics 2015; 113:226-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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9
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Holland RD, Wilkes JG, Cooper WM, Alusta P, Williams A, Pearce B, Beaudoin M, Buzatu D. Thymol treatment of bacteria prior to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis aids in identifying certain bacteria at the subspecies level. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2014; 28:2617-2626. [PMID: 25366408 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The identification of bacteria based on mass spectra produced by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) has become routine since its introduction in 1996. The major drawback is that bacterial patterns produced by MALDI are dependent on sample preparation prior to analysis. This results in poor reproducibility in identifying bacterial types and between laboratories. The need for a more broadly applicable and useful sample handling procedure is warranted. METHODS Thymol was added to the suspension solvent of bacteria prior to MALDI analysis. The suspension solvent consisted of ethanol, water and TFA. The bacterium was added to the thymol suspension solvent and heated. An aliquot of the bacterial suspension was mixed directly with the matrix solution at a 9:1 ratio, matrix/bacteria solution, respectively. The mixture was then placed on the MALDI plate and allowed to air dry before MALDI analysis. RESULTS The thymol method improved the quality of spectra and number of peaks when compared to other sample preparation procedures studied. The bacterium-identifying biomarkers assigned to four strains of E. coli were statistically 95% reproducible analyzed on three separate days. The thymol method successfully differentiated between the four E. coli strains. In addition, the thymol procedure could identify nine out of ten S. enterica serovars over a 3-day period and nine S. Typhimurium strains from the other ten serovars 90% of the time over the same period. CONCLUSIONS The thymol method can identify certain bacteria at the sub-species level and yield reproducible results over time. It improves the quality of spectra by increasing the number of peaks when compared to the other sample preparation methods assessed in this study. Published in 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky D Holland
- Division of Systems Biology/Innovative Safety and Technologies Branch, USFDA/National Center for Toxicological Research, 3900 NCTR Road, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
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10
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Timmer MSM, Sauvageau J, Foster AJ, Ryan J, Lagutin K, Shaw O, Harper JL, Sims IM, Stocker BL. Discovery of Lipids from B. longum subsp. infantis using Whole Cell MALDI Analysis. J Org Chem 2014; 79:7332-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jo501016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mattie S. M. Timmer
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Janelle Sauvageau
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Amy J. Foster
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Jason Ryan
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Kirill Lagutin
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Odette Shaw
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box
7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Jacquie L. Harper
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box
7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Ian M. Sims
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Bridget L. Stocker
- School
of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, P.O. Box
7060, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
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11
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Strittmatter N, Rebec M, Jones EA, Golf O, Abdolrasouli A, Balog J, Behrends V, Veselkov KA, Takats Z. Characterization and Identification of Clinically Relevant Microorganisms Using Rapid Evaporative Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2014; 86:6555-62. [DOI: 10.1021/ac501075f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Strittmatter
- Section of Computational
and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Monica Rebec
- Department
of Microbiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, United Kingdom
| | - Emrys A. Jones
- Section of Computational
and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ottmar Golf
- Section of Computational
and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alireza Abdolrasouli
- Department
of Microbiology, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, London W6 8RF, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Balog
- Section of Computational
and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Behrends
- Section of Computational
and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Kirill A. Veselkov
- Section of Computational
and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zoltan Takats
- Section of Computational
and Systems Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Arafah K, Longuespée R, Desmons A, Kerdraon O, Fournier I, Salzet M. Lipidomics for clinical diagnosis: Dye-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (DALDI) method for lipids detection in MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2014; 18:487-98. [PMID: 24905741 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2013.0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lipid-based biomarkers for research and diagnosis are rapidly emerging to unpack the basis of person-to-person and population variations in disease susceptibility, drug and nutritional responses, to name but a few. Hence, with the advent of MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging, lipids have begun to be investigated intensively. However, lipids are highly mobile during tissue preparation, and are soluble in the solvent used for matrix preparation or in the fixing fluid such as formalin, resulting in substantial delocalization. In the present article, we investigated as another alternative, the possibility of using specific dyes that can absorb UV wavelengths, in order to desorb the lipids specifically from tissue sections, and are known to immobilize them in tissues. Indeed, after lipid insolubilization with chromate solution or chemical fixation with osmium tetroxide, heterocyclic-based dyes can be directly used without matrix. Taking into account the fact that some dyes have this matrix-free capability, we identified particular dyes dedicated to histological staining of lipids that could be used with MALDI mass spectrometry imaging. We stained tissue sections with either Sudan Black B, Nile Blue A, or Oil Red O. An important advantage of this assay relies on its compatibility with usual practices of histopathological investigation of lipids. As a new method, DALDI stands for Dye-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization and allows for future clinical and histopathological applications using routine histological protocols. Additionally, this novel methodology was validated in human ovarian cancer biopsies to demonstrate its use as a suitable procedure, for histological diagnosis in lipidomics field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Arafah
- 1 Laboratoire de Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire, Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université de Lille 1 , Cité Scientifique, Villeneuve D'Ascq, France
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13
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Strittmatter N, Jones EA, Veselkov KA, Rebec M, Bundy JG, Takats Z. Analysis of intact bacteria using rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:6188-90. [PMID: 23736664 DOI: 10.1039/c3cc42015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An identification system for microorganisms based on recently developed rapid evaporative ionisation mass spectrometry (REIMS) is presented. Nine bacterial species cultured on various growth media were correctly identified to family-, genus-, and species-level based on their different mass spectral fingerprints using a cross-validated maximum margin criterion model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Strittmatter
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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14
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Calvano CD, Monopoli A, Ditaranto N, Palmisano F. 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene/9-aminoacridine: a new binary matrix for lipid fingerprinting of intact bacteria by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 798:56-63. [PMID: 24070484 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2013.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of a novel binary matrix composed of 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (DMAN; proton sponge) and 9-aminoacridine (9AA) for the direct lipid analysis of whole bacterial cells by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) is demonstrated. Deprotonated analyte signals nearly free of matrix-related ions were observed in negative ion mode. The effect of the most important factors (laser energy, pulse voltage, DMAN/9AA ratio, analyte/matrix ratio) was investigated using a Box-Behnken response surface design followed by multi-response optimization in order to simultaneously maximize signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and resolution. The chemical surface composition of single or mixed matrices was explored by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Moreover, XPS imaging was used to map the spatial distribution of a model phospholipid in single or binary matrices. The DMAN/9AA binary matrix was then successfully applied to the analysis of intact Gram positive (Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis) or Gram negative (Escherichia coli) microorganisms. About fifty major membrane components (free fatty acids, mono-, di- and tri-glycerides, phospholipids, glycolipids and cardiolipins) were quickly and easily detected over a mass range spanning from ca. 200 to ca. 1600 m/z. Moreover, mass spectra with improved S/N ratio (compared to single matrices), reduced chemical noise and no formation of matrix-clusters were invariably obtained demonstrating the potential of this binary matrix to improve sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona, 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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15
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Cho YT, Kuo CH, Wang SS, Chen YS, Weng BC, Lee YC, Cheng CN, Shiea J, Wu DC. Differentiation of virulence of Helicobacter pylori by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and multivariate analyses. Clin Chim Acta 2013; 424:123-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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16
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McAlpin CR, Voorhees KJ. Extension of metal oxide laser ionization mass spectrometry to analytes with varied chemical functionalities. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1763-1768. [PMID: 23821569 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Applications of metal oxide laser ionization mass spectrometry (MOLI MS) have been limited to compounds that provide protons for ionization upon adsorption to a metal oxide surface. The addition of a small molecule, which can act as a proton source and extend MOLI MS applications to a wider variety of analytes, was investigated. METHODS Mass spectrometric measurements were made with a PerSeptive Biosystems Voyager DE-STR MALDI mass spectrometer, using NiO-based MOLI to generate ions. NiO was pretreated in this study with a number of small molecules to act as proton sources during ionization. Peptides, monosaccharides, and a crude oil sample were analyzed with pretreated and untreated NiO. RESULTS Candidate small molecule proton donors were evaluated based on their effect on signal-to-noise ratio and peak intensity for tristearin. The best performing proton source was used for subsequent analyses. The analysis of monosaccharides, peptides and compounds in heavy crude oil was enhanced by the use of proton source treated NiO for MOLI MS. Proton/cation exchange following ionization was observed. CONCLUSIONS Addition of a proton source to NiO enhanced the MOLI MS response for peptides, carbohydrates, and compounds in a crude oil sample. Efficient ionization of these samples effectively extended applications of MOLI MS beyond lipid analytes containing esters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casey R McAlpin
- Department of Chemistry, 1500 Illinois, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401, USA
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17
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Lavigne JP, Espinal P, Dunyach-Remy C, Messad N, Pantel A, Sotto A. Mass spectrometry: a revolution in clinical microbiology? Clin Chem Lab Med 2013; 51:257-70. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2012-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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McAlpin CR, Voorhees KJ, Corpuz AR, Richards RM. Analysis of Lipids: Metal Oxide Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2012; 84:7677-83. [DOI: 10.1021/ac300688u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Casey R. McAlpin
- Department of Chemistry
and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kent J. Voorhees
- Department of Chemistry
and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - April R. Corpuz
- Department of Chemistry
and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ryan M. Richards
- Department of Chemistry
and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
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19
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Guenther S, Schäfer KC, Balog J, Dénes J, Majoros T, Albrecht K, Tóth M, Spengler B, Takáts Z. Electrospray post-ionization mass spectrometry of electrosurgical aerosols. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:2082-2089. [PMID: 21952773 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of electrospray (ES) ionization of aerosols generated by electrosurgical disintegration methods was investigated. Although electrosurgery itself was demonstrated to produce gaseous ions, post-ionization methods were implemented to enhance the ion yield, especially in those cases when the ion current produced by the applied electrosurgical method is not sufficient for MS analysis. Post-ionization was implemented by mounting an ES emitter onto a Venturi pump, which is used for ion transfer. The effect of various parameters including geometry, high voltage setting, flow parameters, and solvent composition was investigated in detail. Experimental setups were optimized accordingly. ES post-ionization was found to yield spectra similar to those obtained by the REIMS technique, featuring predominantly lipid-type species. Signal enhancement was 20- to 50-fold compared with electrosurgical disintegration in positive mode, while no improvement was observed in negative mode. ES post-ionization was also demonstrated to allow the detection of non-lipid type species in the electrosurgical aerosol, including drug molecules. Since the tissue specificity of the MS data was preserved in the ES post-ionization setup, feasibility of tissue identification was demonstrated using different electrosurgical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Guenther
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University, Schubertstrasse 60, Haus 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Ho YP, Reddy PM. Advances in mass spectrometry for the identification of pathogens. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:1203-24. [PMID: 21557290 PMCID: PMC7168406 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) has become an important technique to identify microbial biomarkers. The rapid and accurate MS identification of microorganisms without any extensive pretreatment of samples is now possible. This review summarizes MS methods that are currently utilized in microbial analyses. Affinity methods are effective to clean, enrich, and investigate microorganisms from complex matrices. Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles might concentrate traces of target microorganisms from sample solutions. Therefore, nanoparticle-based techniques have a favorable detection limit. MS coupled with various chromatographic techniques, such as liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis, reduces the complexity of microbial biomarkers and yields reliable results. The direct analysis of whole pathogenic microbial cells with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization MS without sample separation reveals specific biomarkers for taxonomy, and has the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, and high-throughput measurements. The MS detection of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified microbial nucleic acids provides an alternative to biomarker analysis. This review will conclude with some current applications of MS in the identification of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Peng Ho
- Department of Chemistry, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien 97401, Taiwan.
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21
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Calvano CD, Zambonin CG, Palmisano F. Lipid fingerprinting of gram-positive lactobacilli by intact--matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry using a proton sponge based matrix. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2011; 25:1757-1764. [PMID: 21598336 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A method of direct lipid analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) in intact membranes, without prior extraction/separation steps, is described. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of a strong base, 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (DMAN; proton sponge), as a novel matrix for MALDI-time-of-flight (TOF) MS analysis of whole cell bacteria. Initially, individual acidic low-molecular-weight analytes such as standard free fatty acids and phospholipids were analyzed using DMAN as matrix. Clear negative-mode MALDI-TOF MS spectra of all analytes show only deprotonated analyte signals at a low picomole limit of detection with the complete absence of matrix-related signals. These results indicate that DMAN represents a suitable matrix for MALDI-TOF MS analysis of mixtures of complex lipids as the intact membranes of microorganisms. DMAN was successfully applied to the analysis of Lactobacillus sanfranciscensis and L. plantarum microorganisms. Different components were sensitively detected in a single spot, including 16:0, 18:2, 18:3, and 21:0 free acids, glycolipids, phosphatidylglycerols (PGs) and cardiolipins. This method might be of general application, offering the advantage of quickly gaining information about lipid components of other gram-positive bacterial membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima D Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy.
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22
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Zimmerman TA, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of neuronal cell cultures. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:828-36. [PMID: 21472517 PMCID: PMC3113696 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0111-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides the ability to detect and identify a broad range of analytes and their spatial distributions from a variety of sample types, including tissue sections. Here we describe an approach for probing neuropeptides from sparse cell cultures using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MSI--at single cell spatial resolution-in both MS and tandem MS modes. Cultures of Aplysia californica neurons are grown on an array of glass beads embedded in a stretchable layer of Parafilm M. As the membrane is stretched, the beads/neurons are separated physically and the separated beads/neurons analyzed via MALDI TOF MS. Compared with direct MS imaging of samples, the stretching procedure enhances analyte extraction and incorporation into the MALDI matrix, with negligible analyte spread between separated beads. MALDI tandem MSI using the stretched imaging approach yields localization maps of both parent and fragment ions from Aplysia pedal peptide, thereby confirming peptide identification. This methodology represents a flexible platform for MSI investigation of a variety of cell cultures, including functioning neuronal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler A. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Ave.; 63–5, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Ave.; 63–5, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Ave.; 63–5, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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23
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Šedo O, Sedláček I, Zdráhal Z. Sample preparation methods for MALDI-MS profiling of bacteria. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2011; 30:417-434. [PMID: 21500244 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 11/15/2009] [Accepted: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Direct matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) bacterial cell or lysate analysis appears to meet all the criteria required for a rapid and reliable analytical microorganism identification and taxonomical classification tool. Few-minute analytical procedure providing information extending up to sub-species level underlines the potential of the MALDI-MS profiling in comparison with other methods employed in the field. However, the quality of MALDI-MS profiles and consequently the performance of the method are influenced by numerous factors, which involve particular steps of the sample preparation procedure. This review is aimed at advances in development and optimization of the MALDI-MS profiling methodology. Approaches improving the quality of the MALDI-MS profiles and universal feasibility of the method are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondrej Šedo
- Department of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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24
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Zhang JI, Costa AB, Tao WA, Cooks RG. Direct detection of fatty acid ethyl esters using low temperature plasma (LTP) ambient ionization mass spectrometry for rapid bacterial differentiation. Analyst 2011; 136:3091-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00940g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Feng HT, Wong NSC, Sim LC, Wati L, Ho Y, Lee MM. Rapid characterization of high/low producer CHO cells using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1226-1230. [PMID: 20391592 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
An intact-cell mass spectrometry (ICM) method using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) was evaluated for the screening of stable recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, an important mammalian cell line in bioprocessing. With rapid and simple cell pretreatments, viabilities of cells could be rapidly distinguished on the different fingerprints of mass spectra. Detectable m/z values on cell surfaces and their relative intensities were processed by two biostatistical methods, principle components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS), with promising results. Discrimination among cell lines with different expressed recombinant proteins or different productivities could be achieved. The ICM method has the advantage of providing multiple parameters simultaneously and possesses the potential to become a powerful method for routine monitoring of bioprocesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Feng
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research), 20 Biopolis Way, Centros, Singapore 138668.
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26
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Basile F, Zhang S, Shin YS, Drolet B. Atmospheric pressure-thermal desorption (AP-TD)/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry for the rapid analysis of Bacillus spores. Analyst 2010; 135:797-803. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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Phylogenetic analysis of Rhodococcus erythropolis based on the variation of ribosomal proteins as observed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry without using genome information. J Biosci Bioeng 2009; 108:348-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2009] [Revised: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 04/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Gidden J, Denson J, Liyanage R, Ivey DM, Lay JO. Lipid Compositions in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis During Growth as Determined by MALDI-TOF and TOF/TOF Mass Spectrometry. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 283:178-184. [PMID: 20161304 PMCID: PMC2699300 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipids in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry and TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Lipids were extracted from bacterial cells using an equal volume mixture of dichloromethane, ethanol, and water, which formed a biphasic system with the lipids in the organic layer. The resulting mass spectra of the extracts from both bacteria showed a series of peaks corresponding to sodiated phospholipids - primarily phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylglycerols (PG). The relative amounts of the phospholipids and the fatty acid compositions inferred from the spectra were in good agreement with previously reported values from GC/MS and thin-layer chromatography studies. E. coli and B. subtilis were easily differentiated by dissimilarities in the composition and relative amounts of the phospholipids present as well as by the presence of lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol and diglucosyl diglycerides solely in the B. subtilis mass spectra. Changes in lipid content in the bacteria during their growth phases were also monitored. In E. coli, the spectra indicated an increase in the amount of the unique C(cy-17) fatty acid (in which the fatty acid chain contains a cyclopropane ring) formed during exponential growth. During stationary growth, the spectra indicated an increase in the amount of saturated fatty acids. In B. subtilis, the phospholipid composition remained relatively unchanged during exponential growth, but the amount of PG slightly decreased while the amount of PE slightly increased during stationary growth. No significant changes were observed for the lysyl-phosphatidylglycerols or glycolipids during the exponential or stationary growth phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Gidden
- Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
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29
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Oursel D, Loutelier-Bourhis C, Orange N, Chevalier S, Norris V, Lange CM. Lipid composition of membranes of Escherichia coli by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry using negative electrospray ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:1721-8. [PMID: 17477452 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS/MS) method using reversed-phase chromatography was developed for the analysis of phospholipids from bacterial extracts of a wild-type strain of Escherichia coli. Product ion mass spectra from [M--H](-) precursor ions allowed an identification of individual phospholipid species that includes both fatty acid composition and fatty acyl location on the glycerol backbone using diagnostic product ions. Thus, complete assignment, including sn-1/sn-2 fatty acyl position, was achieved for this strain of E. coli. In addition, the phospholipids were quantified relative to one another using an internal standard method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Oursel
- Spectrométrie de Masse Bio-Organique, CNRS UMR 6014, Université de Rouen, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan cedex, France
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30
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OHTANI H, ISHIDA Y. Direct Analysis of Minor Organic Components in Various Polymers and Biomaterials by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2007. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.56.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime OHTANI
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology
| | - Yasuyuki ISHIDA
- EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University
- Present address, Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University
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31
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Boumann HA, Hopmans EC, van de Leemput I, Op den Camp HJM, van de Vossenberg J, Strous M, Jetten MSM, Sinninghe Damsté JS, Schouten S. Ladderane phospholipids in anammox bacteria comprise phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine headgroups. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2006; 258:297-304. [PMID: 16640588 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Anammox bacteria present in wastewater treatment systems and marine environments are capable of anaerobically oxidizing ammonium to dinitrogen gas. This anammox metabolism takes place in the anammoxosome which membrane is composed of lipids with peculiar staircase-like 'ladderane' hydrocarbon chains that comprise three or four linearly concatenated cyclobutane structures. Here, we applied high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry to elucidate the full identity of these ladderane lipids. This revealed a wide variety of ladderane lipid species with either a phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine polar headgroup attached to the glycerol backbone. In addition, in silico analysis of genome data gained insight into the machinery for the biosynthesis of the phosphocholine and phosphoethanolamine phospholipids in anammox bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry A Boumann
- Department of Marine Biogeochemistry and Toxicology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Den Burg, The Netherlands.
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32
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Jones JJ, Borgmann S, Wilkins CL, O'Brien RM. Characterizing the Phospholipid Profiles in Mammalian Tissues by MALDI FTMS. Anal Chem 2006; 78:3062-71. [PMID: 16642994 DOI: 10.1021/ac0600858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Discussed here is an analytical method for profiling lipids and phospholipids directly from mammalian tissues excised from Mus musculus (house mouse). Biochemical analysis was accomplished through the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform mass spectrometry, where whole tissue sections of mouse brain, heart, and liver were investigated. Lipid and phospholipid ions create complex MALDI mass spectra containing multiple ions with different m/z values corresponding to the same fundamental chemical species. When a computational sorting approach is used to group these ions, the standard deviation for observed relative chemical abundance can be reduced to 6.02%. Relative standard deviations of 10% are commonly accepted for standard chromatographic phospholipid analyses. Average mass measurement accuracy for 232 spectra representing three tissue types from 12 specimens was calculated to be 0.0053 Da. Further it is observed, that the data and the analysis between all the animals have near-identical phospholipid contents in their brain, heart, and liver tissues, respectively. In addition to the need to accurately measure relative abundances of phospholipid species, it is essential to have adequate mass resolution for complete and accurate overall analysis. It is reasonable to make mass composition assignments with spectral resolving power greater than 8000. However, results from the present study reveal 14 instances (C12 carbon isotope) of multiple m/z ions having the same nominal value that require greater resolution in order that overlap will not occur. Spectra measured here have an average resolving power of 12 000. It is established that high mass resolution and mass accuracy coupled with MALDI ionization provide for rapid and accurate phospholipid analysis of mammalian tissue sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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Estrada R, Borchman D, Reddan J, Hitt A, Yappert MC. In Vitro and In Situ Tracking of Choline-Phospholipid Biogenesis by MALDI TOF-MS. Anal Chem 2006; 78:1174-80. [PMID: 16478109 DOI: 10.1021/ac051540n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The quantitative monitoring of newly synthesized species of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and sphingomyelins (SMs) has been achieved in cultured human lens epithelial cells, both in situ and in vitro, with the use of MALDI TOF-MS. As the cells were cultured with deuterated choline-d(9), new peaks that differed from the hydrogenated species by 9.06 Da appeared in the mass spectra. The initial rates of appearance of all deuterated species of PCs were comparable and 4 times higher than those for SMs. After 12 h, those rates began to decrease for PCs but not for deuterated SMs, whose relative contents continued to increase throughout the 72 h of the experiment. The differences in initial rates are consistent with the reported initial generation of PCs, their subsequent degradation, and transfer of their headgroup, phosphorylcholine, to SMs. To further test the ability of MALDI TOF-MS to quantify changes in phospholipid (PL) metabolic pathways, myriocin, an inhibitor of SM synthesis, was added to the cells. In vitro and in situ results revealed a decrease in SMs and an unexpected increase in some PCs. With the use of other deuterated precursors and in combination with postsource decay or tandem MS/MS, this approach could allow the simultaneous tracking of the biosynthesis of multiple PL classes while providing details on their acyl chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosendo Estrada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Hsieh Y, Casale R, Fukuda E, Chen J, Knemeyer I, Wingate J, Morrison R, Korfmacher W. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry for direct measurement of clozapine in rat brain tissue. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:965-72. [PMID: 16470674 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization hyphenated with quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometry (MS) has been used to directly determine the distribution of pharmaceuticals in rat brain tissue slices which might unravel their disposition for new drug development. Clozapine, an antipsychotic drug, and norclozapine were used as model compounds to investigate fundamental parameters such as matrix and solvent effects and irradiance dependence on MALDI intensity but also to address the issues with direct tissue imaging MS technique such as (1) uniform coating by the matrix, (2) linearity of MALDI signals, and (3) redistribution of surface analytes. The tissue sections were coated with various matrices on MALDI plates by airspray deposition prior to MS detection. MALDI signals of analytes were detected by monitoring the dissociation of the individual protonated molecules to their predominant MS/MS product ions. The matrices were chosen for tissue applications based on their ability to form a homogeneous coating of dense crystals and to yield greater sensitivity. Images revealing the spatial localization in tissue sections using MALDI-QTOF following a direct infusion of (3)H-clozapine into rat brain were found to be in good correlation with those using a radioautographic approach. The density of clozapine and its major metabolites from whole brain homogenates was further confirmed using fast high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Hsieh
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Department, Schering-Plough Research Institute, Kenilworth, NJ 07033, USA.
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35
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Ishida Y, Kitagawa K, Nakayama A, Ohtani H. On-probe sample pretreatment for direct analysis of lipids in gram-positive bacterial cells by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Appl Environ Microbiol 2005; 71:7539-41. [PMID: 16269798 PMCID: PMC1287617 DOI: 10.1128/aem.71.11.7539-7541.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
On-probe sample pretreatment using trifluoroacetic acid as an additional reagent enabled the direct detection of phospholipids in whole bacteria by means of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry for not only gram-negative organisms but also gram-positive ones with a thicker peptidoglycan layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Ishida
- Division of Energy Science, EcoTopia Science Institute, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.
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36
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Cheng ZH, Wang YB, Guo YL. Electrophoretic ion migration directly to probe can concentrate charged analyte species for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:424-428. [PMID: 15645506 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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37
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Yurkova I, Shadyro O, Kisel M, Brede O, Arnhold J. Radiation-induced free-radical transformation of phospholipids: MALDI-TOF MS study. Chem Phys Lipids 2004; 132:235-46. [PMID: 15555608 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2004.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2004] [Revised: 07/14/2004] [Accepted: 08/11/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Under the action of free-radical reaction initiators on membrane phospholipids, complex processes are taking place in both hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the phospholipids. Realization of these processes results in a mixture consisting of the initial lipids and their peroxidation and fragmentation products. Identification of compounds in such mixtures requires analytical methods of high sensitivity, reproducibility and accuracy to be applied. These properties are characteristic of the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) method. In the studies of radiation-induced free-radical transformations of phosphatidylglycerol, the MALDI-TOF MS in combination with thin layer chromatography (TLC) has been shown to be able to detect and identify products of free-radical transformations taking place in both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts of the phospholipid. Thus, the MALDI-TOF MS can serve as a suitable analytical tool to investigate free-radical transformations of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yurkova
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
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Jones JJ, Stump MJ, Fleming RC, Lay JO, Wilkins CL. Strategies and data analysis techniques for lipid and phospholipid chemistry elucidation by intact cell MALDI-FTMS. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2004; 15:1665-74. [PMID: 15519235 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2004] [Revised: 07/29/2004] [Accepted: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ions attributed to lipids and phospholipids are directly observed by desorption from whole bacteria using intact cell (IC) matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization (MALDI) Fourier transform mass spectrometry (FTMS). Saccharomyces cerevisiae are grown in rich media broth, concentrated, and applied directly to the MALDI surface without lysis or chemical treatment. FTMS of MALDI ions gives excellent signal to noise ratios with typical resolving powers of 90,000 and mass precision better than 0.002 Da. Use of accurate mass measurements and a simple set of rules allow assignment of major peaks into one of twelve expected lipid classes. Subsequently, fractional mass versus whole number mass plots are employed to enhance visual interpretation of the high-resolution data and to facilitate detection of related ions such as those representing homologous series or different degrees of unsaturation. This approach, coupled with rules based on bacterial biochemistry, is used to classify ions with m/z up to about 1000. Major spectral peaks in the range m/z 200-1000 are assigned as lipids and phospholipids. In this study, it is assumed that biologically-derived ions with m/z values lower than 1000 are lipids. This is not unreasonable in view of the facts that molecular weights of lipids are almost always less than 1000 Da, that the copy numbers for lipids in a cell are higher than those for any single protein or other component, and that lipids are generally collections of distinct homologous partners, unlike proteins or other cell components. This paper presents a new rapid lipid-profiling method based on IC MALDI-FTMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Jones
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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Ishida Y, Nakanishi O, Hirao S, Tsuge S, Urabe J, Sekino T, Nakanishi M, Kimoto T, Ohtani H. Direct analysis of lipids in single zooplankter individuals by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2004; 75:4514-8. [PMID: 14632058 DOI: 10.1021/ac030072j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A highly sensitive method to analyze the intact lipids in a single zooplankter individual at the level of a few tenths of a microgram was developed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) combined with a direct sampling technique. The sampling procedure involved (1) putting a zooplankter individual sample onto the MALDI sample plate, (2) cutting the sample into a few pieces by means of tweezers, (3) depositing aliquots of matrix and cationization reagent solutions on the zooplankter sample, and (4) irradiating with a N2 laser to cause MALDI. By using this technique, the mass spectra of the single zooplankter samples showed a series of ions generated from phospholipids with 34 or 36 carbons in the acyl groups and neutral lipids such as triglycerides and diacylglyceryl ethers with 50-54 carbons in their acyl and alkenyl groups. Accordingly, this method enabled us to estimate the relative quantity between "structured lipids" (phospholipids) and "storage lipids" (neutral lipids) in an individual zooplankter, which should give us a good clue to elucidate the roles of each class of lipids in its growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Ishida
- Research Center for Advanced Energy Conversion, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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SUN L, SATO H, TORIMURA M, TAO H, SHINTANI T. Rapid discrimination of lactic acid bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. BUNSEKI KAGAKU 2004. [DOI: 10.2116/bunsekikagaku.53.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei SUN
- Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Hiroaki SATO
- Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Masaki TORIMURA
- Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Hiroaki TAO
- Institute for Environmental Management Technology, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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