1
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Lyte JM, Eckenberger J, Keane J, Robinson K, Bacon T, Assumpcao ALFV, Donoghue AM, Liyanage R, Daniels KM, Caputi V, Lyte M. Cold stress initiates catecholaminergic and serotonergic responses in the chicken gut that are associated with functional shifts in the microbiome. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103393. [PMID: 38320392 PMCID: PMC10851224 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Climate change is one of the most significant challenges facing the sustainability of global poultry production. Stress resulting from extreme temperature swings, including cold snaps, is a major concern for food production birds. Despite being well-documented in mammals, the effect of environmental stress on enteric neurophysiology and concomitant impact on host-microbiome interactions remains poorly understood in birds. As early life stressors may imprint long-term adaptive changes in the host, the present study sought to determine whether cold temperature stress, a prominent form of early life stress in chickens, elicits changes in enteric stress-related neurochemical concentrations that coincide with compositional and functional changes in the microbiome that persist into the later life of the bird. Chicks were, or were not, subjected to cold ambient temperature stress during the first week post-hatch and then remained at normal temperature for the remainder of the study. 16S rRNA gene and shallow shotgun metagenomic analyses demonstrated taxonomic and functional divergence between the cecal microbiomes of control and cold stressed chickens that persisted for weeks following cessation of the stressor. Enteric concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine, and other monoamine neurochemicals were elevated (P < 0.05) in both cecal tissue and luminal content of cold stressed chickens. Significant (P < 0.05) associations were identified between cecal neurochemical concentrations and microbial taxa, suggesting host enteric neurochemical responses to environmental stress may shape the cecal microbiome. These findings demonstrate for the first time that early life exposure to environmental temperature stress can change the developmental trajectory of both the chicken cecal microbiome and host neuroendocrine enteric physiology. As many neurochemicals serve as interkingdom signaling molecules, the relationships identified here could be exploited to control the impact of climate change-driven stress on avian enteric host-microbe interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Lyte
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Julia Eckenberger
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Kelsy Robinson
- Poultry Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Tyler Bacon
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Annie M Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Karrie M Daniels
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Mark Lyte
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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2
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Lyte JM, Arsi K, Caputi V, Liyanage R, Assumpcao ALFV, Jesudhasan PRR, Donoghue AM. Inclusion of trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid in feed results in detectable concentrations in the chicken gut and reduces foodborne pathogen carriage. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103368. [PMID: 38157787 PMCID: PMC10765295 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Poultry act as a major reservoir host for Salmonella and Campylobacter spp., the 2 leading causes of foodborne illnesses globally and in the United States. Preharvest stage interventions to reduce foodborne pathogen carriage in poultry are increasingly informed by consumer preference for antibiotic-free poultry production. The in-feed inclusion of plant-derived antimicrobial compounds is a promising antibiotic alternative strategy to reduce foodborne pathogen load in the broiler chicken gut. Yet, the fate of these phytochemicals through the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract is unknown. Likewise, while in-feed phytochemicals have been widely demonstrated in challenge models to reduce foodborne pathogen carriage, little is known regarding efficacy to curb natural routes of infection. As such, the aim of the present study was 2-fold. We sought to determine the concentrations of 2 phytochemicals, trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid, in each region of the chicken gastrointestinal tract following their in-feed inclusion over a 6-wk production period. In addition, we investigated how the in-feed provision of these phytochemicals may protect against environmental acquisition of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp. Trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid were detected in crop, gizzard, duodenal, jejunal, and ileal contents. Crop and gizzard concentrations were not significantly (P > 0.05) different. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in phytochemical concentration was observed in intestinal regions compared to crop and gizzard. Trans-cinnamaldehyde was consistently identified in cecal and colon contents, while caprylic acid was not detectable in these regions. Trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid were found to reduce (P < 0.05) Salmonella load. Together, our data establish that the in-feed addition of trans-cinnamaldehyde and caprylic acid, 2 phytochemicals that have previously been shown to exert antimicrobial activity against poultry-associated foodborne pathogens, results in detectable concentrations in the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract. By providing researchers with a gastrointestinal region-by-region map of phytochemical concentrations, the present study is expected to inform the choice of in-feed phytochemicals targeting foodborne pathogen carriage in the broiler chicken gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Lyte
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Komala Arsi
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Valentina Caputi
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Lab, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Palmy R R Jesudhasan
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Annie M Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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3
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Cook J, Greene ES, Ramser A, Mullenix G, Dridi JS, Liyanage R, Wideman R, Dridi S. Comparative- and network-based proteomic analysis of bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis lesions in broiler's proximal tibiae identifies new molecular signatures of lameness. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5947. [PMID: 37045932 PMCID: PMC10097873 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33060-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Chondronecrosis with Osteomyelitis (BCO) is a specific cause of lameness in commercial fast-growing broiler (meat-type) chickens and represents significant economic, health, and wellbeing burdens. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis remain poorly understood. This study represents the first comprehensive characterization of the proximal tibia proteome from healthy and BCO chickens. Among a total of 547 proteins identified, 222 were differentially expressed (DE) with 158 up- and 64 down-regulated proteins in tibia of BCO vs. normal chickens. Biological function analysis using Ingenuity Pathways showed that the DE proteins were associated with a variety of diseases including cell death, organismal injury, skeletal and muscular disorder, immunological and inflammatory diseases. Canonical pathway and protein-protein interaction network analysis indicated that these DE proteins were involved in stress response, unfolded protein response, ribosomal protein dysfunction, and actin cytoskeleton signaling. Further, we identified proteins involved in bone resorption (osteoclast-stimulating factor 1, OSFT1) and bone structural integrity (collagen alpha-2 (I) chain, COL2A1), as potential key proteins involved in bone attrition. These results provide new insights by identifying key protein candidates involved in BCO and will have significant impact in understanding BCO pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cook
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Greene
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Alison Ramser
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Garrett Mullenix
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jalila S Dridi
- École Universitaire de Kinésithérapie, Université d'Orléans, Rue de Chartres, 45100, Orléans, France
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Robert Wideman
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Sami Dridi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W. Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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4
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Matthew MO, Lay J, Liyanage R. Protein equilibrium population snapshot hydrogen deuterium exchange electrospray ionization mass spectrometry measurements of the stability of wildtype human acidic fibroblast growth factor and the R136D variant. Biophys J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.11.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Lay JO, Liyanage R, Gidden JA. THE DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-RESOLUTION MASS SPECTROMETRY METHOD FOR ULTRA-TRACE ANALYSIS OF CHLORINATED DIOXINS IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES INCLUDING VIET NAM ERA VETERANS. Mass Spectrom Rev 2021; 40:236-254. [PMID: 32530096 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated dioxins are labeled and recognized by both the World Health Organization and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) as "persistent organic pollutants". Their potential for high toxicity is one of the primary factors behind intense public and regulatory scrutiny and the need to measure the compounds at very low limits, specifically the isomer 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD). This article highlights the early mass spectrometry methods to investigate, detect, confirm, and quantify chlorinated dioxins and the initial applications involving human biomonitoring, as attempts were made to attribute health effects to TCDD exposure. This effort represented a complex and difficult scientific response to the pressing need to investigate expected exposures and alleged subsequent medical effects, which in the case of the Viet Nam veterans was being attempted a decade or more after their exposure. It is noteworthy that this method and its development touched on delicate issues involving human subjects, war veterans, environmental contamination, and was difficult not only scientifically, but for ethical and political reasons as well. Stable-isotope dilution with analysis by gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC/HRMS) became the method of choice because of its ability to monitor characteristic ions and isotope ratios to quantify and qualify/confirm the analyte in the presence of coextracting and coeluting interferences at these low levels with the highest possible confidence. This method was rigorously tested and validated before it was used to discover and monitor levels in the environment and in various populations at then unprecedented low levels. These early studies demonstrated the feasibility of monitoring dioxins in humans even decades after exposure, and led to the detection of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the general population as well as specific overexposed populations. These studies also provided strong evidence regarding the origins of the 2,3,7,8-isomer in the environment. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Mass Spec Rev.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson O Lay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701
| | - Jennifer A Gidden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, 72701
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6
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Gupta A, Bansal M, Liyanage R, Upadhyay A, Rath N, Donoghue A, Sun X. Sodium butyrate modulates chicken macrophage proteins essential for Salmonella Enteritidis invasion. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250296. [PMID: 33909627 PMCID: PMC8081216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Enteritidis is an intracellular foodborne pathogen that has developed multiple mechanisms to alter poultry intestinal physiology and infect the gut. Short chain fatty acid butyrate is derived from microbiota metabolic activities, and it maintains gut homeostasis. There is limited understanding on the interaction between S. Enteritidis infection, butyrate, and host intestinal response. To fill this knowledge gap, chicken macrophages (also known as HTC cells) were infected with S. Enteritidis, treated with sodium butyrate, and proteomic analysis was performed. A growth curve assay was conducted to determine sub-inhibitory concentration (SIC, concentration that do not affect bacterial growth compared to control) of sodium butyrate against S. Enteritidis. HTC cells were infected with S. Enteritidis in the presence and absence of SIC of sodium butyrate. The proteins were extracted and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. Our results showed that the SIC was 45 mM. Notably, S. Enteritidis-infected HTC cells upregulated macrophage proteins involved in ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation such as ATP synthase subunit alpha (ATP5A1), ATP synthase subunit d, mitochondrial (ATP5PD) and cellular apoptosis such as Cytochrome-c (CYC). Furthermore, sodium butyrate influenced S. Enteritidis-infected HTC cells by reducing the expression of macrophage proteins mediating actin cytoskeletal rearrangements such as WD repeat-containing protein-1 (WDR1), Alpha actinin-1 (ACTN1), Vinculin (VCL) and Protein disulfide isomerase (P4HB) and intracellular S. Enteritidis growth and replication such as V-type proton ATPase catalytic subunit A (ATPV1A). Interestingly, sodium butyrate increased the expression of infected HTC cell protein involving in bacterial killing such as Vimentin (VIM). In conclusion, sodium butyrate modulates the expression of HTC cell proteins essential for S. Enteritidis invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Gupta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Mohit Bansal
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Abhinav Upadhyay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Narayan Rath
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Annie Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Xiaolun Sun
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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7
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Dulal N, Rogers AM, Proko R, Bieger BD, Liyanage R, Krishnamurthi VR, Wang Y, Egan MJ. Turgor-dependent and coronin-mediated F-actin dynamics drive septin disc-to-ring remodeling in the blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.251298. [PMID: 33414165 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.251298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The fungus Magnaporthe oryzae uses a specialized pressure-generating infection cell called an appressorium to break into rice leaves and initiate disease. Appressorium functionality is dependent on the formation of a cortical septin ring during its morphogenesis, but precisely how this structure assembles is unclear. Here, we show that F-actin rings are recruited to the circumference of incipient septin disc-like structures in a pressure-dependent manner, and that this is necessary for their contraction and remodeling into rings. We demonstrate that the structural integrity of these incipient septin discs requires both an intact F-actin and microtubule cytoskeleton and provide fundamental new insight into their functional organization within the appressorium. Lastly, using proximity-dependent labeling, we identify the actin modulator coronin as a septin-proximal protein and show that F-actin-mediated septin disc-to-ring remodeling is perturbed in the genetic absence of coronin. Taken together, our findings provide new insight into the dynamic remodeling of infection-specific higher-order septin structures in a globally significant fungal plant pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawaraj Dulal
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas Systems Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Audra Mae Rogers
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas Systems Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Rinalda Proko
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas Systems Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology graduate program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Baronger Dowell Bieger
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas Systems Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Cell and Molecular Biology graduate program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | | | - Yong Wang
- Cell and Molecular Biology graduate program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,Microelectronics-Photonics graduate program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Martin John Egan
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas Systems Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA .,Cell and Molecular Biology graduate program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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8
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Liyanage R, Gidden J, Wilkins CL, Lay JO. Matrix-assisted ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry for the analysis of lipids. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2021; 35 Suppl 1:e8349. [PMID: 30421829 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Assessing the utility of vacuum matrix-assisted ionization (MAI) for the direct and rapid analysis of lipids in complex samples with emphasis on bacterial taxonomy. METHODS Matrix-assisted ionization Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MAI-FTMS) was used to characterize polar and non-polar lipids in mixtures. RESULTS For non-polar lipid triacylglycerols (TAGs), MAI-FTMS produced lipid-specific ions for eight different edible oils and allowed these oils to be identified based on their MAI-FTMS profiles. For polar lipids from bacteria, MAI-FTMS of crude lipid extracts allowed taxonomic identification of eight blind-coded samples based on taxonomy-specific phospholipid profiles. MAI produced results comparable and complementary to benchmark MALDI and ESI methods currently used for characterization of polar and non-polar lipids in the same mixtures. CONCLUSIONS The newly developed MAI technique is a rapid, simple and complementary method for the characterization of polar and non-polar lipids in complex mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohana Liyanage
- Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jennifer Gidden
- Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Charles L Wilkins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jackson O Lay
- Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
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9
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Wagle BR, Donoghue AM, Shrestha S, Upadhyaya I, Arsi K, Gupta A, Liyanage R, Rath NC, Donoghue DJ, Upadhyay A. Carvacrol attenuates Campylobacter jejuni colonization factors and proteome critical for persistence in the chicken gut. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4566-4577. [PMID: 32868001 PMCID: PMC7598144 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans. Chickens act as the reservoir host for C. jejuni, wherein the pathogen asymptomatically colonizes the ceca leading to contamination of carcasses during slaughter. The major colonization factors in C. jejuni include motility, intestinal epithelial attachment, acid/bile tolerance, and quorum sensing. Reducing the expression of the aforementioned factors could potentially reduce C. jejuni colonization in chickens. This study investigated the efficacy of subinhibitory concentration (SIC; compound concentration not inhibiting bacterial growth) of carvacrol in reducing the expression of C. jejuni colonization factors in vitro. Moreover, the effect of carvacrol on the expression of C. jejuni proteome was investigated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The motility assay was conducted at 42°C, and the motility zone was measured after 24 h of incubation. For the adhesion assay, monolayers of primary chicken enterocytes (∼105 cells/well) were inoculated with C. jejuni (6 log cfu/well) either in the presence or absence of carvacrol, and the adhered C. jejuni were enumerated after 90 min of incubation at 42°C. The effect of carvacrol on C. jejuni quorum sensing and susceptibility to acid/bile stress was investigated using a bioluminescence assay and an acid–bile survival assay, respectively. The SIC (0.002%) of carvacrol reduced the motility of C. jejuni strains S-8 and NCTC 81-176 by ∼50 and 35%, respectively (P < 0.05). Carvacrol inhibited C. jejuni S-8 and NCTC 81-176 adhesion to chicken enterocytes by ∼0.8 and 1.5 log cfu/mL, respectively (P < 0.05). Moreover, carvacrol reduced autoinducer-2 activity and increased the susceptibility of C. jejuni to acid and bile in both the strains (P < 0.05). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the SIC of carvacrol reduced the expression of selected C. jejuni colonization proteins critical for motility (methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein), adhesion (GroL), growth and metabolism (AspA, AcnB, Icd, Fba, Ppa, AnsA, Ldh, Eno, PurB-1), and anaerobic respiration (NapB, HydB, SdhA, NrfA) (P < 0.05). Results suggest the mechanisms by which carvacrol could reduce C. jejuni colonization in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Wagle
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - A M Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - S Shrestha
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - I Upadhyaya
- Department of Extension, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - K Arsi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - R Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - N C Rath
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - D J Donoghue
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - A Upadhyay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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10
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Ghnaimawi S, Baum J, Liyanage R, Huang Y. Concurrent EPA and DHA Supplementation Impairs Brown Adipogenesis of C2C12 Cells. Front Genet 2020; 11:531. [PMID: 32595696 PMCID: PMC7303889 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal dietary supplementation of n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 PUFAs), especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is considered to play positive roles in fetal neuro system development. However, maternal n−3 PUFAs may induce molecular reprogramming of uncommitted fetal myoblasts into adipocyte phenotype, in turn affecting lipid metabolism and energy expenditure of the offspring. The objective of this in vitro study was to investigate the combined effects of EPA and DHA on C2C12 cells undergoing brown adipogenic differentiation. C2C12 myoblasts were cultured to confluency and then treated with brown adipogenic differentiation medium with and without 50 μM EPA and 50 μM DHA. After differentiation, mRNA and protein samples were collected. Gene expression and protein levels were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blot. General Proteomics analysis was conducted using mass spectrometric evaluation. The effect of EPA and DHA on cellular oxygen consumption was measured using a Seahorse XFP Analyzer. Cells treated with n−3 PUFAs had significantly less (P < 0.05) expression of the brown adipocyte marker genes PGC1α, DIO2, and UCP3. Expression of mitochondrial biogenesis-related genes TFAM, PGC1α, and PGC1β were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05) by n−3 PUFAs treatment. Expression of mitochondrial electron transportation chain (ETC)-regulated genes were significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) by n−3 PUFAs, including ATP5J2, COX7a1, and COX8b. Mass spectrometric and western blot evaluation showed protein levels of enzymes which regulate the ETC and Krebs cycle, including ATP synthase α and β (F1F0 complex), citrate synthase, succinate CO-A ligase, succinate dehydrogenase (complex II), ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase complex subunits (complex III), aconitate hydratase, cytochrome c, and pyruvate carboxylase were all decreased in the n−3 PUFAs group (P < 0.05). Genomic and proteomic changes were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, represented by significantly reduced oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, and proton leak (P < 0.05). This study suggested that EPA and DHA may alter the BAT fate of myoblasts by inhibiting mitochondrial biogenesis and activity and induce white-like adipogenesis, shifting the metabolism from lipid oxidation to synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ghnaimawi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jamie Baum
- Department of Food Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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Acharya M, Arsi K, Donoghue AM, Liyanage R, Rath NC. Production and characterization of avian crypt-villus enteroids and the effect of chemicals. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:179. [PMID: 32503669 PMCID: PMC7275437 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02397-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Three-dimensional models of cell culture such as organoids and mini organs accord better advantage over regular cell culture because of their ability to simulate organ functions hence, used for disease modeling, metabolic research, and the development of therapeutics strategies. However, most advances in this area are limited to mammalian species with little progress in others such as poultry where it can be deployed to study problems of agricultural importance. In the course of enterocyte culture in chicken, we observed that intestinal mucosal villus-crypts self-repair and form spheroid-like structures which appear to be useful as ex vivo models to study enteric physiology and diseases. RESULTS The villus-crypts harvested from chicken intestinal mucosa were cultured to generate enteroids, purified by filtration then re cultured with different chemicals and growth factors to assess their response based on their morphological dispositions. Histochemical analyses using marker antibodies and probes showed the enteroids consisting different cell types such as epithelial, goblet, and enteroendocrine cells typical to villi and retain functional characteristics of intestinal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS We present a simple procedure to generate avian crypt-villous enteroids containing different cell types. Because the absorptive cells are functionally positioned outwards, similar to the luminal enterocytes, the cells have better advantages to interact with the factors present in the culture medium. Thus, the enteroids have the potential to study the physiology, metabolism, and pathology of the intestinal villi and can be useful for preliminary screenings of the factors that may affect gut health in a cost-effective manner and reduce the use of live animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Acharya
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, ARS/USDA, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Komala Arsi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Annie M Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, ARS/USDA, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Statewide Mass spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Narayan C Rath
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, ARS/USDA, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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12
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Proko R, Dulal N, Liyanage R, Egan M. Dissecting the Cellular Control of Septin Organization in a Global Cereal Killer. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Bansal M, Fu Y, Alrubaye B, Abraha M, Almansour A, Gupta A, Liyanage R, Wang H, Hargis B, Sun X. A secondary bile acid from microbiota metabolism attenuates ileitis and bile acid reduction in subclinical necrotic enteritis in chickens. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:37. [PMID: 32190299 PMCID: PMC7069026 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-020-00441-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clostridium perfringens-induced chicken necrotic enteritis (NE) is responsible for substantial economic losses worldwide annually. Recently, as a result of antibiotic growth promoter prohibition, the prevalence of NE in chickens has reemerged. This study was aimed to reduce NE through titrating dietary deoxycholic acid (DCA) as an effective antimicrobial alternative. Materials and methods Day-old broiler chicks were assigned to six groups and fed diets supplemented with 0 (basal diet), 0.8, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg (on top of basal diet) DCA. The birds were challenged with Eimeria maxima (20,000 oocysts/bird) at d 18 and C. perfringens (109 CFU/bird per day) at d 23, 24, and 25 to induce NE. The birds were sacrificed at d 26 when ileal tissue and digesta were collected for analyzing histopathology, mRNA accumulation and C. perfringens colonization by real-time PCR, targeted metabolomics of bile acids, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), or terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. Results At the cellular level, birds infected with E. maxima and C. perfringens developed subclinical NE and showed shortening villi, crypt hyperplasia and immune cell infiltration in ileum. Dietary DCA alleviated the NE-induced ileal inflammation in a dose-dependent manner compared to NE control birds. Consistent with the increased histopathological scores, subclinical NE birds suffered body weight gain reduction compared to the uninfected birds, an effect attenuated with increased doses of dietary DCA. At the molecular level, the highest dose of DCA at 1.5 g/kg reduced C. perfringens luminal colonization compared to NE birds using PCR and FISH. Furthermore, the dietary DCA reduced subclinical NE-induced intestinal inflammatory gene expression and cell apoptosis using PCR and TUNEL assays. Upon further examining ileal bile acid pool through targeted metabolomics, subclinical NE reduced the total bile acid level in ileal digesta compared to uninfected birds. Notably, dietary DCA increased total bile acid and DCA levels in a dose-dependent manner compared to NE birds. Conclusion These results indicate that DCA attenuates NE-induced intestinal inflammation and bile acid reduction and could be an effective antimicrobial alternative against the intestinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohit Bansal
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Ying Fu
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.,2CEMB, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Bilal Alrubaye
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.,2CEMB, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Mussie Abraha
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Ayidh Almansour
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.,2CEMB, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Anamika Gupta
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- 3Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Hong Wang
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Billy Hargis
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - Xiaolun Sun
- 1Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W Maple St. O409, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.,2CEMB, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.,3Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
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14
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Singh R, Liyanage R, Gupta C, Lay JO, Pereira A, Rojas CM. The Arabidopsis Proteins AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B Are Multi-Functional Proteins Integrating Plant Immunity With Other Biological Processes. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:232. [PMID: 32194606 PMCID: PMC7064621 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AtNHR2A (Arabidopsis thaliana nonhost resistance 2A) and AtNHR2B (Arabidopsis thaliana nonhost resistance 2B) are two proteins that participate in nonhost resistance, a broad-spectrum mechanism of plant immunity that protects plants against the majority of potential pathogens. AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B are localized to the cytoplasm, chloroplasts, and other subcellular compartments of unknown identity. The multiple localizations of AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B suggest that these two proteins are highly dynamic and versatile, likely participating in multiple biological processes. In spite of their importance, the specific functions of AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B have not been elucidated. Thus, to aid in the functional characterization of these two proteins and identify the biological processes in which these proteins operate, we used immunoprecipitation coupled with mass spectrometry (IP-MS) to identify proteins interacting with AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B and to generate their interactome network. Further validation of three of the identified proteins provided new insights into specific pathways and processes related to plant immunity where AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B participate. Moreover, the comprehensive analysis of the AtNHR2A- and AtNHR2B-interacting proteins using published empirical information revealed that the functions of AtNHR2A and AtNHR2B are not limited to plant immunity but encompass other biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raksha Singh
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
- Crop Production and Pest Control Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Chirag Gupta
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Jackson O. Lay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Andy Pereira
- Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Clemencia M. Rojas
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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15
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Dhamad AE, Greene E, Sales M, Nguyen P, Beer L, Liyanage R, Dridi S. 75-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP75) is a novel molecular signature for heat stress response in avian species. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C289-C303. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00334.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) was first characterized in mammals as a heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) family stress chaperone based on its sequence homology. Extensive studies in mammals showed that GRP75 is induced by various stressors such as glucose deprivation, oxidative stress, and hypoxia, although it remained unresponsive to the heat shock. Such investigations are scarce in avian (nonmammalian) species. We here identified chicken GRP75 by using immunoprecipitation assay integrated with LC-MS/MS, and found that its amino acid sequence is conserved with high homology (52.5%) to the HSP70 family. Bioinformatics and 3D-structure prediction indicate that, like most HSPs, chicken GRP75 has two principal domains (the NH2-terminal ATPase and COOH-terminal region). Immunofluorescence staining shows that GRP75 is localized predominantly in the avian myoblast and hepatocyte mitochondria. Heat stress exposure upregulates GRP75 expression in a species-, genotype-, and tissue-specific manner. Overexpression of GRP75 reduces avian cell viability, and blockade of GRP75 by its small molecular inhibitor MKT-077 rescues avian cell viability during heat stress. Taken together, this is the first evidence showing that chicken GRP75, unlike its mammalian ortholog, is responsive to heat shock and plays a key role in cell survival/death pathways. Since modern avian species have high metabolic rates and are sensitive to high environmental temperature, GRP75 could open new vistas in mechanistic understanding of heat stress responses and thermotolerance in avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Edan Dhamad
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Elizabeth Greene
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Marites Sales
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Phuong Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Lesleigh Beer
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
| | - Sami Dridi
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas
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16
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Ghnaimawi S, Baum J, Liyanage R, Huang Y. PSII-23 Concurrent supplementation of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids impairs C2C12 from the acquisition of functional brown adipocyte phenotype by negatively affecting the mitochondrial thermogenesis. J Anim Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz258.492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Regarding the beneficial roles in fetal neurodevelopment, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are wildly used as dietary supplements during pregnancy. However, it may affect fetal and offspring muscle development and energy balance by changing the levels of key proteins controlling lipid metabolism and energy utilization. Regulation of energy balance in vivo is a topic of great interest and prominent goal for many studies. In this study, we focus on the effect of EPA and DHA on C2C12 brown adipogenic capacity. We demonstrated that the differentiation route of C2C12 into brown adipocytes was compromised by PUFA treatment through reducing their thermogenesis independent of UCP1 gene. This effect might be in part due to down-regulation of the expression of some brown adipocytes specific genes such as CP-3, DIO2, and PGC1α. Moreover, members of complex ІV (COX7a1 and COX8b) and complex V (ATP5j2) regulating ECT function were reduced in PUFA treated group. Also, mitochondrial biogenesis related genes including PGC1α, PGC1β, TFAM, and ERR-a were significantly suppressed by PUFA treatment. The mass spectrometric evaluation exhibited a strong correlation between PUFA treatment and the decreasing of levels of the proteins regulate Krebs cycle and ETC, such as ATP synthase α and β (F1F0 complex), citrate synthase, succinate CO-A, aconitate hydratase, and cytochrome c. Genomic and proteomic changes were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction represented by reducing oxygen consumption rate, ATP production, and proton leak (All statistically different at P < 0.05). In line with that, our results demonstrated an increase in lipid droplets size and number. EPA and DHA associated inhibition of the acquisition of functional brown adipocytes might negatively affect factor in the neonatal thermoregulation but potentially increase the intramuscular adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yan Huang
- University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture
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17
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Wagle BR, Upadhyay A, Upadhyaya I, Shrestha S, Arsi K, Liyanage R, Venkitanarayanan K, Donoghue DJ, Donoghue AM. Trans-Cinnamaldehyde, Eugenol and Carvacrol Reduce Campylobacter jejuni Biofilms and Modulate Expression of Select Genes and Proteins. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1837. [PMID: 31456771 PMCID: PMC6698798 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human foodborne illness globally, and is strongly linked with the consumption of contaminated poultry products. Several studies have shown that C. jejuni can form sanitizer tolerant biofilm leading to product contamination, however, limited research has been conducted to develop effective control strategies against C. jejuni biofilms. This study investigated the efficacy of three generally recognized as safe status phytochemicals namely, trans-cinnamaldehyde (TC), eugenol (EG), or carvacrol (CR) in inhibiting C. jejuni biofilm formation and inactivating mature biofilm on common food contact surfaces at 20 and 37°C. In addition, the effect of phytochemicals on biofilm architecture and expression of genes and proteins essential for biofilm formation was evaluated. For the inhibition study, C. jejuni was allowed to form biofilms either in the presence or absence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of TC (0.75 mM), EG (0.61 mM), or CR (0.13 mM) for 48 h and the biofilm formation was quantified at 24-h interval. For the inactivation study, C. jejuni biofilms developed at 20 or 37°C for 48 h were exposed to the phytochemicals for 1, 5, or 10 min and surviving C. jejuni in the biofilm were enumerated. All phytochemicals reduced C. jejuni biofilm formation as well as inactivated mature biofilm on polystyrene and steel surface at both temperatures (P < 0.05). The highest dose of TC (75.64 mM), EG (60.9 mM) and CR (66.56 mM) inactivated (>7 log reduction) biofilm developed on steel (20°C) within 5 min. The genes encoding for motility systems (flaA, flaB, and flgA) were downregulated by all phytochemicals (P < 0.05). The expression of stress response (cosR, ahpC) and cell surface modifying genes (waaF) was reduced by EG. LC-MS/MS based proteomic analysis revealed that TC, EG, and CR significantly downregulated the expression of NapA protein required for oxidative stress response. The expression of chaperone protein DnaK and bacterioferritin required for biofilm formation was reduced by TC and CR. Scanning electron microscopy revealed disruption of biofilm architecture and loss of extracellular polymeric substances after treatment. Results suggest that TC, EG, and CR could be used as a natural disinfectant for controlling C. jejuni biofilms in processing areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basanta R. Wagle
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Abhinav Upadhyay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Indu Upadhyaya
- School of Agriculture, Tennessee Tech University, Cookeville, TN, United States
| | - Sandip Shrestha
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Komala Arsi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | | | - Dan J. Donoghue
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, United States
| | - Annie M. Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture – Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, AR, United States
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18
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de Freitas GM, Thomas J, Liyanage R, Lay JO, Basu S, Ramegowda V, do Amaral MN, Benitez LC, Bolacel Braga EJ, Pereira A. Cold tolerance response mechanisms revealed through comparative analysis of gene and protein expression in multiple rice genotypes. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218019. [PMID: 31181089 PMCID: PMC6557504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to its tropical origin and adaptation, rice is significantly impacted by cold stress, and consequently sustains large losses in growth and productivity. Currently, rice is the second most consumed cereal in the world and production losses caused by extreme temperature events in the context of "major climatic changes" can have major impacts on the world economy. We report here an analysis of rice genotypes in response to low-temperature stress, studied through physiological gas-exchange parameters, biochemical changes in photosynthetic pigments and antioxidants, and at the level of gene and protein expression, towards an understanding and identification of multiple low-temperature tolerance mechanisms. The first effects of cold stress were observed on photosynthesis among all genotypes. However, the tropical japonica genotypes Secano do Brazil and Cypress had a greater reduction in gas exchange parameters like photosynthesis and water use efficiency in comparison to the temperate japonica Nipponbare and M202 genotypes. The analysis of biochemical profiles showed that despite the impacts of low temperature on tolerant plants, they quickly adjusted to maintain their cellular homeostasis by an accumulation of antioxidants and osmolytes like phenolic compounds and proline. The cold tolerant and sensitive genotypes showed a clear difference in gene expression at the transcript level for OsGH3-2, OsSRO1a, OsZFP245, and OsTPP1, as well as for expression at the protein level for LRR-RLKs, bHLH, GLYI, and LTP1 proteins. This study exemplifies the cold tolerant features of the temperate japonica Nipponbare and M202 genotypes, as observed through the analysis of physiological and biochemical responses and the associated changes in gene and protein expression patterns. The genes and proteins showing differential expression response are notable candidates towards understanding the biological pathways affected in rice and for engineering cold tolerance, to generate cultivars capable of maintaining growth, development, and reproduction under cold stress. We also propose that the mechanisms of action of the genes analyzed are associated with the tolerance response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Moraes de Freitas
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
- Department of Botany, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Julie Thomas
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jackson O. Lay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Supratim Basu
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Venkategowda Ramegowda
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Andy Pereira
- Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, United States of America
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19
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Rath NC, Gupta A, Liyanage R, Lay JO. Phorbol 12-Myristate 13-Acetate-Induced Changes in Chicken Enterocytes. Proteomics Insights 2019; 10:1178641819840369. [PMID: 31019367 PMCID: PMC6463336 DOI: 10.1177/1178641819840369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Increased intestinal epithelial permeability has been linked to many enteric diseases because it allows easy access of microbial pathogens and toxins into the system. In poultry production, the restrictions in the use of antibiotic growth promoters have increased the chances of birds being susceptible to different enteric diseases. Thus, understanding the mechanisms which compromise intestinal function is pertinent. Based on our previous observation which showed the primary chicken enterocytes in culture undergoing dystrophic changes on treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), we surmised that this model, which appeared to mimic increased intestinal permeability, may help to understand the mechanisms of this problem. As genomic and proteomic changes are associated with many physiological and pathological problems, we were interested to find whether certain proteomic changes underlie the morphological alterations in the enterocytes induced by PMA. We exposed primary enterocyte cultures to a sub-lethal concentration of PMA, extracted the proteins, and analyzed by mass spectrometry for differentially regulated proteins. Our results showed that PMA affected several biological processes which negatively affected their energy metabolism, nuclear activities, and differentially regulated the levels of several stress proteins, chaperon, cytoskeletal, and signal transduction proteins that appear to be relevant in the cause of enterocyte dystrophy. Phorbol myristate acetate-affected signal transduction activities also raise the possibilities of their increased susceptibility to pathogens. The changes in enterocyte integrity can make intestine vulnerable to invasion by microbial pathogens and disrupt gut homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan C Rath
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Anamika Gupta
- Department of Poultry Science, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jackson O Lay
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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20
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Diaz Perez A, Kougl K, Vasicek TW, Liyanage R, Lay J, Stenken JA. Microdialysis Sampling of Quorum Sensing Homoserine Lactones during Biofilm Formation. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3964-3970. [PMID: 30741530 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b05168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria communicate chemically through a system called quorum sensing. In this work, microdialysis sampling procedures were optimized to collect quorum sensing molecules produced during in situ biofilm formation directly on the polymeric semipermeable membrane of the microdialysis probe. V. harveyi, a Gram-negative bacterium, was used as the model organism and releases variable chain length acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) and acyl-oxohomoserine lactones (AOHLs) as signaling molecules during quorum sensing. Eliciting biofilm formation required coating fetal bovine serum onto the poly(ether sulfone) microdialysis membrane. Dialysates were collected in different experiments either during or after biofilm formation directly on a microdialysis probe. Continuous sampling of C4-AHL, C6-AHL, C8-AHL, C6-OXO-AHL, and C12-OXO-AHL was achieved over a period of up to 4 days. The AHLs and AOHLs in dialysates were concentrated with solid-phase extraction and quantified using LC-MS. Dialysate concentrations obtained for the AOHLs and AHLs ranged between 1 and 100 ppb (ng/mL) and varied between sampling days. This work demonstrates the initial use of microdialysis sampling to collect quorum sensing signaling chemicals during biofilm formation by a Gram-negative bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alda Diaz Perez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Kaleb Kougl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Thaddeus W Vasicek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Jackson Lay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Julie A Stenken
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
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21
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Rath NC, Liyanage R, Gupta A, Packialakshmi B, Lay JO. A method to culture chicken enterocytes and their characterization. Poult Sci 2018; 97:4040-4047. [PMID: 29917122 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterocytes function as both absorptive and protective components of intestine that come in close contact with a variety of enteric factors, such as dietary, microbial, and parasites, that have potential to affect the organismal health. Understanding how enterocytes interact with this complex array of factors may help improve gut health particularly in the context of poultry production where it is also linked to food safety issues. The enterocyte in vitro culture can help screen different factors and their interactions with microbiome, and potentially be utilized in the development of interventions strategies for pathogens such as antibiotic alternatives. We developed a method to culture primary chicken enterocytes and conducted their characterization using cytochemical and proteomic methods, and investigated their potential to respond to different chemical stimuli. Using selected micronutrients, microbial toxins, and metabolic modulators, we assessed their effects on the viability and morphological changes in enterocytes. We found that whereas some nutritional factors (calcitriol, retinoic acid) produced different morphological changes, toxins such as aflatoxin B1 and deoxynivalenol produced enterocyte degeneration and death, and the bacterial lipopolysaccharide had very little effect compared on the basis of their mass. Both cyclic AMP and phorbol myristate acetate exhibited some cachectic effects on enterocytes with the later showing more severe changes. Thyroxin induced distinct morphological changes making the cells more cuboidal and Na-butyrate produced no significant change in morphology. The cytochemical and proteomic characterization suggest that these enterocytes largely belong to epithelial cell categories which may be amenable to analysis of biochemical paths and mechanisms of action of different factors that affect these cells. Based on these results we conclude that chicken enterocyte culture can be a useful in vitro model to study intestinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayan C Rath
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Statewide Mass spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Anamika Gupta
- The Department of Poultry Science, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Balamurugan Packialakshmi
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.,The Department of Poultry Science, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jackson O Lay
- Statewide Mass spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Karash S, Liyanage R, Qassab A, Lay JO, Kwon YM. A Comprehensive Assessment of the Genetic Determinants in Salmonella Typhimurium for Resistance to Hydrogen Peroxide Using Proteogenomics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17073. [PMID: 29213059 PMCID: PMC5719062 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is an intracellular pathogen infecting a wide range of hosts and can survive in macrophages. An essential mechanism used by macrophages to eradicate Salmonella is production of reactive oxygen species. Here, we used proteogenomics to determine the candidate genes and proteins that have a role in resistance of S. Typhimurium to H2O2. For Tn-seq, a saturated Tn5 insertion library was grown in vitro under either 2.5 (H2O2L) or 3.5 mM H2O2 (H2O2H). We identified two sets of overlapping genes required for resistance of S. Typhimurium to H2O2L and H2O2H, and the results were validated via phenotypic evaluation of 50 selected mutants. The enriched pathways for H2O2 resistance included DNA repair, aromatic amino acid biosynthesis (aroBK), Fe-S cluster biosynthesis, iron homeostasis and a putative iron transporter system (ybbKLM), and H2O2 scavenging enzymes. Proteomics revealed that the majority of essential proteins, including ribosomal proteins, were downregulated upon exposure to H2O2. On the contrary, a subset of conditionally essential proteins identified by Tn-seq were analyzed by targeted proteomics, and 70% of them were upregulated by H2O2. The identified genes will deepen our understanding on S. Typhimurium survival mechanisms in macrophages, and can be exploited to develop new antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sardar Karash
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.,Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Abdullah Qassab
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Jackson O Lay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.,Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Young Min Kwon
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA. .,Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
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Lestario LN, Howard LR, Brownmiller C, Stebbins NB, Liyanage R, Lay JO. Changes in polyphenolics during maturation of Java plum (Syzygium cumini Lam.). Food Res Int 2017; 100:385-391. [PMID: 28964361 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Java plum (Syzygium cumini Lam.) is a rich source of polyphenolics with many purported health benefits, but the effect of maturation on polyphenolic content is unknown. Freeze-dried samples of Java plum from seven different maturity stages were analyzed for anthocyanin, flavonol, flavanonol and hydrolysable tannin composition by HPLC. Anthocyanins were first detected at the green-pink stage of maturity and increased throughout maturation with the largest increase occurring from the dark purple to black stages of maturation. Levels of gallotannins, ellagitannins, flavonols, gallic acid and ellagic acid were highest at early stages of maturation and decreased as the fruit ripened. For production of antioxidant-rich nutraceutical ingredients, fruit should be harvested immature to obtain extracts rich in hydrolysable tannins and flavonols. The exceptional anthocyanin content of black fruit may prove useful as a source of a natural colorant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Ninan Lestario
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Satya Wacana Christian University, 52-60 Diponegoro Street, Salatiga 50711, Central Java, Indonesia
| | - Luke R Howard
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, United States.
| | - Cindi Brownmiller
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, United States
| | - Nathan B Stebbins
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72704, United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- University of Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, 1260 West Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
| | - Jackson O Lay
- University of Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, 1260 West Maple Street, Fayetteville, AR 72701, United States
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24
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Rayaprolu SJ, Hettiarachchy NS, Horax R, Kumar-Phillips G, Liyanage R, Lay J, Chen P. Purification and characterization of a peptide from soybean with cancer cell proliferation inhibition. J Food Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas J. Rayaprolu
- Department of Food Science; University of Arkansas; 2650 N Young Ave Fayetteville Arkansas 72704
| | - Navam S. Hettiarachchy
- Department of Food Science; University of Arkansas; 2650 N Young Ave Fayetteville Arkansas 72704
| | - Ronny Horax
- Department of Food Science; University of Arkansas; 2650 N Young Ave Fayetteville Arkansas 72704
| | - Geetha Kumar-Phillips
- Department of Poultry Science; University of Arkansas; 1260 W Maple St Fayetteville Arkansas 72701
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arkansas; 119 Chemistry Building Fayetteville Arkansas 72701
| | - Jackson Lay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of Arkansas; 119 Chemistry Building Fayetteville Arkansas 72701
| | - Pengyin Chen
- Department of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences; University of Arkansas, 115 Plant Sciences Building; Fayetteville Arkansas 72701
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Abstract
Background Eggshells which consist largely of calcareous outer shell and shell membranes, constitute a significant part of poultry hatchery waste. The shell membranes (ESM) not only contain proteins that originate from egg whites but also from the developing embryos and different contaminants of microbial and environmental origins. As feed supplements, during post hatch growth, the hatchery egg shell membranes (HESM) have shown potential for imparting resistance of chickens to endotoxin stress and exert positive health effects. Considering that these effects are mediated by the bioactive proteins and peptides present in the membrane, the objective of the study was to identify the protein profiles of hatchery eggshell membranes (HESM). Methods Hatchery egg shell membranes were extracted with acidified methanol and a guanidine hydrochloride buffer then subjected to reduction/alkylation, and trypsin digestion. The methanol extract was additionally analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The tryptic digests were analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) to identify the proteins. Results Our results showed the presence of several proteins that are inherent and abundant in egg white such as, ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, ovocleidin-116, and lysozyme, and several proteins associated with cytoskeletal, cell signaling, antimicrobial, and catalytic functions involving carbohydrate, nucleic acid, and protein metabolisms. There were some blood derived proteins most likely originating from the embryos and several other proteins identified with different aerobic, anaerobic, gram positive, gram negative, soil, and marine bacterial species some commensals and others zoonotic. Conclusion The variety of bioactive proteins, particularly the cell signaling and enzymatic proteins along with the diverse microbial proteins, make the HESM suitable for nutritional and biological application to improve post hatch immunity of poultry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-017-0112-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Rath
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - R Liyanage
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - S K Makkar
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - J O Lay
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
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Qassab A, Liyanage R, Stites W. Methionine Sulfoxide Formation by Cigarette Smoke is Associated with the Degradation of Plasma Proteins. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Makkar SK, Liyanage R, lay JO, RATH NARAYANC. Comparative proteomic analysis of chicken macrophages stimulated with Salmonella Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and Monosodium Urate (MSU) Crystals. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.126.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Immune system cells are armed with recognition receptors by means of which they can sense pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Interaction of pathogen as well as damage associated ligands with their cognate receptors drives transcriptional and translational changes. To study the proteomic differences between signal transduction pathways involved in microbial induced and sterile injury, we used chicken macrophages HTC as a model system. Cells were labeled and treated with LPS or MSU by using SILAC proteomic approach. After 20 hrs of stimulation, the protein was extracted from secretome and cell lysate, quantified and subjected to in-solution digestion followed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. We quantified 150 proteins using Skyline software, 30 were upregulated and 18 down regulated in LPS treated cells and 40 upregulated and 11 down regulated in MSU treated cells. Interleukin 8, a secretory protein is differentially upregulated in LPS group. Cathepsin K, vimentin, kinases are some of the significantly upregulated cell lysate proteins in LPS group. Lactate dehydrogenase, heat shock, microtubule, annexin are significantly upregulated in MSU stimulated cell lysate. Functional annotation of proteins in both the groups by gene ontology software shows most of the proteins are involved in cytoskeleton remodeling, cell migration and cell signaling, which may be important in immune activation except nucleic acid binding transcription activity factor proteins which are uniquely expressed in LPS group. In conclusion our study gives an insight about the functional differences between pathogen and sterile associated inflammation at cellular level.
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Packialakshmi B, Liyanage R, Lay JO, Okimoto R, Rath NC. Proteomic Changes in the Plasma of Broiler Chickens with Femoral Head Necrosis. Biomark Insights 2016; 11:55-62. [PMID: 27147818 PMCID: PMC4849419 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s38291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Femoral head necrosis (FHN) is a skeletal problem in broiler chickens, where the proximal femoral head cartilage shows susceptibility to separation from its growth plate. The selected birds with FHN showed higher body weights and reduced plasma cholesterol. The proteomic differences in the plasma of healthy and FHN-affected chickens were explored using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to prospect for protein biomarkers. We isolated two differentially expressed low molecular weight proteins and identified them by MALDI peptide mass fingerprinting as fibrinogen- and fetuin-derived peptides, respectively. These peptides were reduced in birds susceptible to femoral head problems. Quantitation of LC-MS/MS spectra showed elevated levels of gallinacin-9, apolipoprotein A1, and hemoglobin and reduced levels of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, albumin, and SPINK7 proteins in FHN. These results suggest that the bodyweight and the lipid profiles along with the above proteins can be useful as noninvasive biomarkers of FHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Packialakshmi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.; PPPSRU, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jackson O Lay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | | | - Narayan C Rath
- PPPSRU, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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29
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Shinn SE, Liyanage R, Lay JO, Proctor A. Isolation and Characterization of Chicken Yolk Vitelline Membrane Lipids Using Eggs Enriched With Conjugated Linoleic Acid. Lipids 2016; 51:769-79. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-016-4153-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Packialakshmi B, Liyanage R, Lay JO, Makkar SK, Rath NC. Proteomic Changes in Chicken Plasma Induced by Salmonella typhimurium Lipopolysaccharides. Proteomics Insights 2016; 7:1-9. [PMID: 27053921 PMCID: PMC4818023 DOI: 10.4137/pri.s31609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are cell wall components of Gram-negative bacteria that produce inflammation and sickness in higher animals. The objective was to identify plasma proteomic changes in an avian model of inflammation. Chickens were treated with either saline or LPS, and blood was collected at 24 hours postinjection. The pooled plasma samples were depleted of high-abundant proteins and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). MALDI analyses showed an increase in fibrinogen beta-derived peptide and a decrease in apolipoprotein-AII-derived peptide in LPS samples. Label-free quantitation of LC–MS/MS spectra revealed an increase in the levels of α1-acid glycoprotein, a chemokine CCLI10, and cathelicidin-2, but a decrease in an interferon-stimulated gene-12-2 protein in the LPS group. These differentially expressed proteins are associated with immunomodulation, cytokine changes, and defense mechanisms, which may be useful as candidate biomarkers of infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balamurugan Packialakshmi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.; Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.; Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jackson O Lay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Sarbjeet K Makkar
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA.; Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Narayan C Rath
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Jayathilake C, Rizliya V, Liyanage R. Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Capacity of Extensively Used Medicinal Plants in Sri Lanka. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Lansakara L, Liyanage R, Perera K, Wijewardana I, Jayawardena B, Vidanarachchi J. Nutritional Composition and Health Related Functional Properties of Eleusine coracana (Finger Millet). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Egg shells are poultry industry byproducts with potential for use in various biological and agricultural applications. We have been interested in the membranes underlying the calcareous shell as a feed supplement, which showed potential to improve immunity and performance of post hatch poultry. Therefore, to determine their protein and peptide profiles, we extracted the egg shell membranes (ESM) from fresh unfertilized eggs with methanol and guanidine hydrochloride (GdHCl) to obtain soluble proteins for analysis by mass spectrometry. The methanol extract was subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), electrospray ionization (ESI), high-performance reverse phase liquid chromatographic separation (HPLC), and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to determine its peptide and protein profiles. The GdHCl extract was subjected to ESI-HPLC-MS/MS following trypsin digestion of reduced/alkylated proteins. Nine proteins from the methanol extract and >275 proteins from the GdHCl extract were tentatively identified. The results suggested the presence of several abundant proteins from egg whites, such as ovoalbumin, ovotransferrin, and lysozyme as well as many others associated with antimicrobial, biomechanical, cytoskeletal organizational, cell signaling, and enzyme activities. Collagens, keratin, agrin, and laminin were some of the structural proteins present in the ESM. The methanol-soluble fraction contained several clusterin peptides and defensins, particularly, two isoforms of gallin. The ratios of the two isoforms of gallin differed between the membranes obtained from brown and white eggs. The high abundance of several antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and other bioactive proteins in the ESM along with its potential to entrap various microbes and antigens may make it a suitable vehicle for oral immunization of post hatch poultry and improve their disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbjeet Makkar
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Lakshmi Kannan
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Balamurugan Packialakshmi
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jack O Lay
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Narayan C Rath
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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Packialakshmi B, Liyanage R, Lay J, Okimoto R, Rath N. Prednisolone-induced predisposition to femoral head separation and the accompanying plasma protein changes in chickens. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:1-8. [PMID: 25635167 PMCID: PMC4295844 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s20268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Femoral head separation (FHS) is an idiopathic bone problem that causes lameness and production losses in commercial poultry. In a model of prednisolone-induced susceptibility to FHS, the changes in plasma proteins and peptides were analyzed to find possible biomarkers. Plasma samples from control and FHS-susceptible birds were depleted of their high abundance proteins by acetonitrile precipitation and were then subjected to cation exchange and reverse-phase (RP) fractionations. Analysis with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) showed several differentially expressed peptides, two of which were isolated by RP-HPLC and identified as the fragments of apolipoprotein A-I. The acetonitrile fractionated plasma proteins were subjected to reduction/alkylation and trypsin digestion followed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, which showed the absence of protocadherin 15, vascular endothelial growth factor-C, and certain transcription and ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic factors in FHS-prone birds. It appears that prednisolone-induced dyslipidemia, vascular, and tissue adhesion problems may be consequential to FHS. Validity of these biomarkers in our model and the natural disease must be verified in future using traditional approaches. BIOMARKER INSIGHTS Lameness because of femoral head separation (FHS) is a production and welfare problem in the poultry industry. Selection against FHS requires identification of the birds with subclinical disease with biomarkers from a source such as blood. Prednisolone can induce femoral head problems and predisposition to FHS. Using this experimental model, we analyzed the plasma peptides and proteins from normal and FHS-prone chickens by mass spectrometry to identify differentially expressed peptides and proteins. We found two peptides, both derived from apolipoprotein A-I, quantitatively elevated and two proteins, protocadherin 15 and VEGF-C, that were conspicuously absent in FHS-susceptible birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Packialakshmi
- Cell & Molecular Biology Program and Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - R Liyanage
- State wide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jo Lay
- State wide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - R Okimoto
- Cobb-Vantress Inc., Siloam Springs, AR, USA
| | - Nc Rath
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Shinn S, Liyanage R, Lay J, Proctor A. Improved fatty acid analysis of conjugated linoleic acid rich egg yolk triacylglycerols and phospholipid species. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:6608-6615. [PMID: 24882168 DOI: 10.1021/jf501100y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Reports from chicken conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) feeding trials are limited to yolk total fatty acid composition, which consistently described increased saturated fatty acids and decreased monounsaturated fatty acids. However, information on CLA triacylglycerol (TAG) and phospholipid (PL) species is limited. This study determined the fatty acid composition of total lipids in CLA-rich egg yolk produced with CLA-rich soy oil, relative to control yolks using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID), determined TAG and PL fatty acid compositions by thin-layer chromatography-GC-FID (TLC-GC-FID), identified intact PL and TAG species by TLC-matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (TLC-MALDI-MS), and determined the composition of TAG and PL species in CLA and control yolks by direct flow infusion electrospray ionization MS (DFI ESI-MS). In total, 2 lyso-phosphatidyl choline (LPC) species, 1 sphingomyelin species, 17 phosphatidyl choline species, 19 TAG species, and 9 phosphatidyl ethanolamine species were identified. Fifty percent of CLA was found in TAG, occurring predominantly in C52:5 and C52:4 TAG species. CLA-rich yolks contained significantly more LPC than did control eggs. Comprehensive lipid profiling may provide insight on relationships between lipid composition and the functional properties of CLA-rich eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shinn
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas , 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704, United States
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Abstract
Avian bile is rich in matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), the enzymes that cleave extracellular matrix proteins such as collagens and proteoglycans. Changes in bile MMP expression have been correlated with hepatic and gall bladder pathologies, but the significance of their expression in normal, healthy bile is not understood. We hypothesized that the MMP in bile may aid the digestion of native collagens that are resistant to conventional gastric proteases. Hence, the objective of this study was to characterize the bile MMP and check its regulation in association with dietary factors. We used substrate zymography, azocoll protease assay, and gelatin affinity chromatography to identify and purify the MMP from chicken bile. Using zymography and SDS PAGE, 5 bands at 70, 64, 58, 50, and 42 kDa were detected. The bands corresponding to 64, 50, and 42 kDa were identified as MMP2 using trypsin in-gel digestion and matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry and peptide mass fingerprinting. Chickens fed diets containing gelatin supplements showed higher levels of MMP expression in the bile by both azocoll assay and zymography. We conclude that the bile MMP may be associated with the digestion of collagens and other extracellular matrix proteins in avian diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Packialakshmi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701 Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - R Liyanage
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - K S Rasaputra
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701 USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Jackson O Lay
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - N C Rath
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Singh Rasaputra
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas
- Agricultural Research Service/ USDA, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansa
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas
| | | | | | - Narayan C. Rath
- Agricultural Research Service/ USDA, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansa
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Liyanage R, Devarapalli N, Pyland DB, Puckett LM, Phan NH, Starch JA, Okimoto MR, Gidden J, Stites WE, Lay JO. Theory of the Protein Equilibrium Population Snapshot by H/D Exchange Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (PEPS-HDX-ESI-MS) Method used to obtain Protein Folding Energies/Rates and Selected Supporting Experimental Evidence. Int J Mass Spectrom 2012; 330-332:63-70. [PMID: 23436981 PMCID: PMC3578662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein equilibrium snapshot by hydrogen/deuterium exchange electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PEPS-HDX-ESI-MS or PEPS) is a method recently introduced for estimating protein folding energies and rates. Herein we describe the basis for this method using both theory and new experiments. Benchmark experiments were conducted using ubiquitin because of the availability of reference data for folding and unfolding rates from NMR studies. A second set of experiments was also conducted to illustrate the surprising resilience of the PEPS to changes in HDX time, using staphylococcal nuclease and time frames ranging from a few seconds to several minutes. Theory suggests that PEPS experiments should be conducted at relatively high denaturant concentrations, where the protein folding/unfolding rates are slow with respect to HDX and the life times of both the closed and open states are long enough to be sampled experimentally. Upon deliberate denaturation, changes in folding/unfolding are correlated with associated changes in the ESI-MS signal upon fast HDX. When experiments are done quickly, typically within a few seconds, ESI-MS signals, corresponding to the equilibrium population of the native (closed) and denatured (open) states can both be detected. The interior of folded proteins remains largely un-exchanged. Amongst MS methods, the simultaneous detection of both states in the spectrum is unique to PEPS and provides a "snapshot" of these populations. The associated ion intensities are used to estimate the protein folding equilibrium constant (or the free energy change, ΔG). Linear extrapolation method (LEM) plots of derived ΔG values for each denaturant concentration can then be used to calculate ΔG in the absence of denaturant, ΔG(H(2)O). In accordance with the requirement for detection of signals for both the folded and unfolded states, this theoretical framework predicts that PEPS experiments work best at the middle of the denaturation curve where natured and denatured protein molecules are equilibrated at easily detectable ratios, namely 1:1. It also requires that closed and open states have lifetimes measurable in the time frame of the HDX experiment. Because both conditions are met by PEPS, these measurements can provide an accurate assessment of closed/open state populations and thus protein folding energies/rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohana Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
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Howard LR, Prior RL, Liyanage R, Lay JO. Processing and storage effect on berry polyphenols: challenges and implications for bioactive properties. J Agric Food Chem 2012; 60:6678-6693. [PMID: 22243517 DOI: 10.1021/jf2046575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins and tannins in blueberries, blackberries and black raspberries are susceptible to degradation during processing, with juices showing the greatest losses due to physical removal of skins and seeds. Anthocyanins and procyanidins are also degraded in processed products stored at ambient temperature with losses accompanied by increased polymeric pigments (PPs). Using chokeberry as a model, formation of PPs occurred in both pasteurized and aged juices and pasteurized juice contained a greater proportion of low molecular weight PPs than aged juice, while aged juice contained a greater proportion of higher molecular PPs. Formation of PP accounts for some of the losses of anthocyanins and procyanidins during processing and storage, but the complete fate of anthocyanins remains unclear. In this review we highlight the steps in processing where significant losses of polyphenols occur, and discuss potential mechanisms responsible for losses, methods to mitigate losses, and implications on bioactive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke R Howard
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas , 2650 North Young Avenue, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72704, United States
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Sides CR, Liyanage R, Lay JO, Philominathan STL, Matsushita O, Sakon J. Probing the 3-D structure, dynamics, and stability of bacterial collagenase collagen binding domain (apo- versus holo-) by limited proteolysis MALDI-TOF MS. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2012; 23:505-519. [PMID: 22207568 PMCID: PMC3389352 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pairing limited proteolysis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to probe clostridial collagenase collagen binding domain (CBD) reveals the solution dynamics and stability of the protein, as these factors are crucial to CBD effectiveness as a drug-delivery vehicle. MS analysis of proteolytic digests indicates initial cleavage sites, thereby specifying the less stable and highly accessible regions of CBD. Modulation of protein structure and stability upon metal binding is shown through MS analysis of calcium-bound and cobalt-bound CBD proteolytic digests. Previously determined X-ray crystal structures illustrate that calcium binding induces secondary structure transformation in the highly mobile N-terminal arm and increases protein stability. MS-based detection of exposed residues confirms protein flexibility, accentuates N-terminal dynamics, and demonstrates increased global protein stability exported by calcium binding. Additionally, apo- and calcium-bound CBD proteolysis sites correlate well with crystallographic B-factors, accessibility, and enzyme specificity. MS-observed cleavage sites with no clear correlations are explained either by crystal contacts of the X-ray crystal structures or by observed differences between Molecules A and B in the X-ray crystal structures. The study newly reveals the absence of the βA strand and thus the very dynamic N-terminal linker, as corroborated by the solution X-ray scattering results. Cobalt binding has a regional effect on the solution phase stability of CBD, as limited proteolysis data implies the capture of an intermediate-CBD solution structure when cobalt is bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia R. Sides
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Jackson O. Lay
- Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Osamu Matsushita
- Department of Microbiology, Kitasato University Medical School, Kanagawa 228-8555, Japan
| | - Joshua Sakon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
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Lay JO, Gidden J, Liyanage R, Emerson B, Durham B. Rapid characterization of lipids by MALDI MS. Part 2: Artifacts, ion suppression, and TLC MALDI imaging. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/lite.201200174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lay JO, Gidden J, Liyanage R, Emerson B, Durham B. Rapid characterization of lipids by MALDI MS. Part 1: Bacterial taxonomy and analysis of food oils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/lite.201100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Song S, Liyanage R, Lay JO, Warby R, Koizumi H. ESI-QIMS Investigation of Sr, Rb, and Crown Ether Mixture Solutions. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2010.546026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Rasaputra KS, Liyanage R, Lay JO, McCarthy FM, Rath NC. Tibial Dyschondroplasia–Associated Proteomic Changes in Chicken Growth Plate Cartilage. Avian Dis 2010; 54:1166-71. [DOI: 10.1637/9384-050110-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Calhoun LN, Liyanage R, Lay JO, Kwon YM. Proteomic analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis following propionate adaptation. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:249. [PMID: 20920181 PMCID: PMC2957393 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Accepted: 09/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonella Enteritidis is a highly prevalent and persistent foodborne pathogen and is therefore a leading cause of nontyphoidal gastrointestinal disease worldwide. A variety of stresses are endured throughout its infection cycle, including high concentrations of propionate (PA) within food processing systems and within the gut of infected hosts. Prolonged PA exposure experienced in such milieus may have a drastic effect on the proteome of Salmonella Enteritidis subjected to this stress. RESULTS In this study, we used 2 D gel electrophoresis to examine the proteomes of PA adapted and unadapted S. Enteritidis and have identified five proteins that are upregulated in PA adapted cultures using standard peptide mass fingerprinting by MALDI-TOF-MS and sequencing by MALDI LIFT-TOF/TOF tandem mass spectrometry. Of these five, two significant stress-related proteins (Dps and CpxR) were shown (via qRT-PCR analysis) to be upregulated at the transcriptional level as well. Unlike the wild type when adapted to PA (which demonstrates significant acid resistance), PA adapted S. Enteritidis ∆dps and S. Enteritidis ∆cpxR were at a clear disadvantage when challenged to a highly acidic environment. However, we found the acid resistance to be fully restorable after genetic complementation. CONCLUSIONS This work reveals a significant difference in the proteomes of PA adapted and unadapted S. Enteritidis and affirms the contribution of Dps and CpxR in PA induced acid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leona N Calhoun
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, 1260 W, Maple Avenue, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Kannan A, Hettiarachchy NS, Lay JO, Liyanage R. Human cancer cell proliferation inhibition by a pentapeptide isolated and characterized from rice bran. Peptides 2010; 31:1629-34. [PMID: 20594954 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Food-derived bioactive peptides promote functional activity against diseases and present as nutraceutical agents. The purpose of our research was to isolate and fully characterize peptide(s) derived from rice bran having anti-cancer properties. Gastrointestinal juices resistant peptide fractions were initially generated from heat stabilized de-fatted rice bran from which <5 kDa fraction was shown to inhibit proliferation of cancer cells. Based on these published findings the <5 kDa peptide fraction was selected for further characterization to obtain single pure peptide(s) with enhanced anti-cancer properties. Purification and characterization from the fraction was done employing chromatography and mass spectrometric techniques. Cancer cell viability was measured using a cell titer assay that uses a tetrazolium dye [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt; (MTS)] and the electron coupling reagent, phenazine methosulfate. Ion-exchange chromatography elutes that showed anti-cancer properties were further purified to liberate pure peptide. The pure peptide at 600-700 microg/mL dose caused 84% inhibition to colon cancer cells (Caco-2, HCT-116) growth, 80% to breast cancer cells (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231) growth and 84% to liver cancer cells (HepG-2) growth. Mass spectrometry analysis and de novo sequencing revealed the sequence of Glu-Gln-Arg-Pro-Arg for the peptide with a molecular mass of 685.378 Da. A novel pentapeptide was isolated from rice bran to possess cancer growth inhibitory properties on colon, breast, lung and liver cancer cells. This peptide could serve as a nutraceutical agent against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Kannan
- Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, 2650 N Young ave, Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA
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Kannan L, Rath NC, Liyanage R, Lay JO. Effect of toll-like receptor activation on thymosin beta-4 production by chicken macrophages. Mol Cell Biochem 2010; 344:55-63. [PMID: 20614231 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-010-0528-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thymosin beta-4 (Tβ4) is an actin-binding intracellular peptide that promotes wound healing, tissue remodeling, and angiogenesis. The mechanism of Tβ4 secretion to the extracellular environment is not understood. The macrophage is a rich source of Tβ4 which also participates in wound healing process. The objective of this study was to find how Tβ4 may be externalized. Using activation of macrophage through their toll-like receptors (TLR), the changes in cellular Tβ4 was studied. A naturally transformed chicken macrophage cell line HTC was treated with different TLR agonists and the cellular Tβ4 changes was determined at 6 and 24 h after stimulations using stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) and mass spectrometry. Real time PCR was used to determine changes in gene expression. The results showed that TLR agonists such as peptidoglycan (PGN) or lipopolysacharide (LPS) caused depletions in cellular Tβ4 peptide along with its detection in the cell culture supernatant at 24 h. These TLR agonists also induced the expression of interleukins-1β, -6, and nitric oxide synthase genes at 6 h but failed to modulate Tβ4 gene at that time point indicating that the Tβ4 externalization was not associated with its production. To find whether Tβ4 externalization was associated with cell death, we measured the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of the conditioned media as an indicator of cell damage. The results showed that the TLR agonists which induced depletion of intracellular Tβ4 at 24 h also increased the LDH content of the conditioned media, suggesting that the Tβ4 in the extracellular media most likely originated from dying macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Kannan
- PPPSRU/Agricultural Research Service/USDA, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Stepicheva N, Liyanage R, Lay J, Dienglewicz R, Erf G. Abnormal morphology of melanosomes in the autoimmune vitiligo-prone Smyth line chicken does not appear to be due to alteration in lipid composition (83.16). The Journal of Immunology 2010. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.83.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The Smyth line (SL) chicken is an important animal model for autoimmune vitiligo. SL vitiligo is multifactorial in nature including genetic susceptibility, immune system components and environmental triggers. Genetic susceptibility to SL vitiligo appears to be manifested in part by an inherent melanocyte defect. SL melanosomes (pigment-carrying organelles) have irregular-shaped membranes with pigmented extensions that may be due to abnormal lipid composition. Lipids can affect protein topology and trafficking (and hence protein degradation and presentation), membrane stability and oxidative stress resistance. To compare melanosomal lipids from SL and control lines of chickens, melanosomes were isolated from growing feathers of 4-week-old SL, Brown line (parental control) and Light Brown Leghorn (vitiligo-resistant) chickens and lipids were extracted. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) combined with thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used to determine expression differences in different classes of lipids by using TLC-MALDI imaging technique. Total fatty acid composition was examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of fatty acid methyl esters. Statistical analysis of preliminary data shows no significant differences in total fatty acid and phospholipid composition in melanosomes from SL and control chickens. Hence, lipid composition may not explain the melanosomal abnormalities observed in SL melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gisela Erf
- 1University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
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Johnson DT, Lewis BA, Bryant RJ, Liyanage R, Lay JO, Pszczolkowski MA. Attractants for the green June beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). J Econ Entomol 2009; 102:2224-2232. [PMID: 20069852 DOI: 10.1603/029.102.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate lures for adult green June beetles, Cotinis nitida (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), for future use in a mass trapping program. Volatile organic compounds collected from headspace of green June beetles feeding on fermenting ripe apple (Malus spp.), the natural lure that elicits feeding aggregations, were identified and confirmed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Yellow funnel traps baited with 91% isopropanol or the five component blend were equally effective in eliciting aggregation behavior and often more attractive to green June beetles than the natural lure. In 2008, three trap lines adjacent and parallel to the perimeter of two vineyards, each with 12 Xpando yellow funnel traps baited with either 91% isopropanol or the five component blend, differed in catch of green June beetles across sample dates, and sample date by bait interaction but there were no differences among these two baits. A season total of 324,007 green June beetle were captured by these 36 baited traps. A brief review is included of fermentation volatiles attractive to insects. We conclude with the potential cost to use mass trapping against adult green June beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Johnson
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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