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Wagle BR, Donoghue AM, Shrestha S, Upadhyaya I, Arsi K, Gupta A, Liyanage R, Rath NC, Donoghue DJ, Upadhyay A. Carvacrol attenuates Campylobacter jejuni colonization factors and proteome critical for persistence in the chicken gut. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4566-4577. [PMID: 32868001 PMCID: PMC7598144 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni is a major foodborne pathogen that causes gastroenteritis in humans. Chickens act as the reservoir host for C. jejuni, wherein the pathogen asymptomatically colonizes the ceca leading to contamination of carcasses during slaughter. The major colonization factors in C. jejuni include motility, intestinal epithelial attachment, acid/bile tolerance, and quorum sensing. Reducing the expression of the aforementioned factors could potentially reduce C. jejuni colonization in chickens. This study investigated the efficacy of subinhibitory concentration (SIC; compound concentration not inhibiting bacterial growth) of carvacrol in reducing the expression of C. jejuni colonization factors in vitro. Moreover, the effect of carvacrol on the expression of C. jejuni proteome was investigated using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The motility assay was conducted at 42°C, and the motility zone was measured after 24 h of incubation. For the adhesion assay, monolayers of primary chicken enterocytes (∼105 cells/well) were inoculated with C. jejuni (6 log cfu/well) either in the presence or absence of carvacrol, and the adhered C. jejuni were enumerated after 90 min of incubation at 42°C. The effect of carvacrol on C. jejuni quorum sensing and susceptibility to acid/bile stress was investigated using a bioluminescence assay and an acid–bile survival assay, respectively. The SIC (0.002%) of carvacrol reduced the motility of C. jejuni strains S-8 and NCTC 81-176 by ∼50 and 35%, respectively (P < 0.05). Carvacrol inhibited C. jejuni S-8 and NCTC 81-176 adhesion to chicken enterocytes by ∼0.8 and 1.5 log cfu/mL, respectively (P < 0.05). Moreover, carvacrol reduced autoinducer-2 activity and increased the susceptibility of C. jejuni to acid and bile in both the strains (P < 0.05). Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the SIC of carvacrol reduced the expression of selected C. jejuni colonization proteins critical for motility (methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein), adhesion (GroL), growth and metabolism (AspA, AcnB, Icd, Fba, Ppa, AnsA, Ldh, Eno, PurB-1), and anaerobic respiration (NapB, HydB, SdhA, NrfA) (P < 0.05). Results suggest the mechanisms by which carvacrol could reduce C. jejuni colonization in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Wagle
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - A M Donoghue
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - S Shrestha
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - I Upadhyaya
- Department of Extension, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - K Arsi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - A Gupta
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - R Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - N C Rath
- Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, United State Department of Agriculture-Agriculture Research Station, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - D J Donoghue
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - A Upadhyay
- Department of Animal Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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Abstract
Background Eggshells which consist largely of calcareous outer shell and shell membranes, constitute a significant part of poultry hatchery waste. The shell membranes (ESM) not only contain proteins that originate from egg whites but also from the developing embryos and different contaminants of microbial and environmental origins. As feed supplements, during post hatch growth, the hatchery egg shell membranes (HESM) have shown potential for imparting resistance of chickens to endotoxin stress and exert positive health effects. Considering that these effects are mediated by the bioactive proteins and peptides present in the membrane, the objective of the study was to identify the protein profiles of hatchery eggshell membranes (HESM). Methods Hatchery egg shell membranes were extracted with acidified methanol and a guanidine hydrochloride buffer then subjected to reduction/alkylation, and trypsin digestion. The methanol extract was additionally analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). The tryptic digests were analyzed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) to identify the proteins. Results Our results showed the presence of several proteins that are inherent and abundant in egg white such as, ovalbumin, ovotransferrin, ovocleidin-116, and lysozyme, and several proteins associated with cytoskeletal, cell signaling, antimicrobial, and catalytic functions involving carbohydrate, nucleic acid, and protein metabolisms. There were some blood derived proteins most likely originating from the embryos and several other proteins identified with different aerobic, anaerobic, gram positive, gram negative, soil, and marine bacterial species some commensals and others zoonotic. Conclusion The variety of bioactive proteins, particularly the cell signaling and enzymatic proteins along with the diverse microbial proteins, make the HESM suitable for nutritional and biological application to improve post hatch immunity of poultry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-017-0112-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- N C Rath
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - R Liyanage
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - S K Makkar
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
| | - J O Lay
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA
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Jayathilake C, Rizliya V, Liyanage R. Antioxidant and Free Radical Scavenging Capacity of Extensively Used Medicinal Plants in Sri Lanka. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lansakara L, Liyanage R, Perera K, Wijewardana I, Jayawardena B, Vidanarachchi J. Nutritional Composition and Health Related Functional Properties of Eleusine coracana (Finger Millet). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.profoo.2016.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Packialakshmi B, Liyanage R, Lay J, Okimoto R, Rath N. Prednisolone-induced predisposition to femoral head separation and the accompanying plasma protein changes in chickens. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:1-8. [PMID: 25635167 PMCID: PMC4295844 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s20268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Femoral head separation (FHS) is an idiopathic bone problem that causes lameness and production losses in commercial poultry. In a model of prednisolone-induced susceptibility to FHS, the changes in plasma proteins and peptides were analyzed to find possible biomarkers. Plasma samples from control and FHS-susceptible birds were depleted of their high abundance proteins by acetonitrile precipitation and were then subjected to cation exchange and reverse-phase (RP) fractionations. Analysis with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) showed several differentially expressed peptides, two of which were isolated by RP-HPLC and identified as the fragments of apolipoprotein A-I. The acetonitrile fractionated plasma proteins were subjected to reduction/alkylation and trypsin digestion followed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, which showed the absence of protocadherin 15, vascular endothelial growth factor-C, and certain transcription and ubiquitin-mediated proteolytic factors in FHS-prone birds. It appears that prednisolone-induced dyslipidemia, vascular, and tissue adhesion problems may be consequential to FHS. Validity of these biomarkers in our model and the natural disease must be verified in future using traditional approaches. BIOMARKER INSIGHTS Lameness because of femoral head separation (FHS) is a production and welfare problem in the poultry industry. Selection against FHS requires identification of the birds with subclinical disease with biomarkers from a source such as blood. Prednisolone can induce femoral head problems and predisposition to FHS. Using this experimental model, we analyzed the plasma peptides and proteins from normal and FHS-prone chickens by mass spectrometry to identify differentially expressed peptides and proteins. We found two peptides, both derived from apolipoprotein A-I, quantitatively elevated and two proteins, protocadherin 15 and VEGF-C, that were conspicuously absent in FHS-susceptible birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Packialakshmi
- Cell & Molecular Biology Program and Poultry Science Department, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - R Liyanage
- State wide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Jo Lay
- State wide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - R Okimoto
- Cobb-Vantress Inc., Siloam Springs, AR, USA
| | - Nc Rath
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Poultry Science Center, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
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Abstract
Avian bile is rich in matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), the enzymes that cleave extracellular matrix proteins such as collagens and proteoglycans. Changes in bile MMP expression have been correlated with hepatic and gall bladder pathologies, but the significance of their expression in normal, healthy bile is not understood. We hypothesized that the MMP in bile may aid the digestion of native collagens that are resistant to conventional gastric proteases. Hence, the objective of this study was to characterize the bile MMP and check its regulation in association with dietary factors. We used substrate zymography, azocoll protease assay, and gelatin affinity chromatography to identify and purify the MMP from chicken bile. Using zymography and SDS PAGE, 5 bands at 70, 64, 58, 50, and 42 kDa were detected. The bands corresponding to 64, 50, and 42 kDa were identified as MMP2 using trypsin in-gel digestion and matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry and peptide mass fingerprinting. Chickens fed diets containing gelatin supplements showed higher levels of MMP expression in the bile by both azocoll assay and zymography. We conclude that the bile MMP may be associated with the digestion of collagens and other extracellular matrix proteins in avian diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Packialakshmi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701 Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - R Liyanage
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - K S Rasaputra
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701 USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - Jackson O Lay
- Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701
| | - N C Rath
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Poultry Production and Product Safety Research Unit, Fayetteville, AR 72701
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Rasaputra KS, Liyanage R, Lay JO, McCarthy FM, Rath NC. Tibial Dyschondroplasia–Associated Proteomic Changes in Chicken Growth Plate Cartilage. Avian Dis 2010; 54:1166-71. [DOI: 10.1637/9384-050110-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Johnson DT, Lewis BA, Bryant RJ, Liyanage R, Lay JO, Pszczolkowski MA. Attractants for the green June beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). J Econ Entomol 2009; 102:2224-2232. [PMID: 20069852 DOI: 10.1603/029.102.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate lures for adult green June beetles, Cotinis nitida (L.) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), for future use in a mass trapping program. Volatile organic compounds collected from headspace of green June beetles feeding on fermenting ripe apple (Malus spp.), the natural lure that elicits feeding aggregations, were identified and confirmed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Yellow funnel traps baited with 91% isopropanol or the five component blend were equally effective in eliciting aggregation behavior and often more attractive to green June beetles than the natural lure. In 2008, three trap lines adjacent and parallel to the perimeter of two vineyards, each with 12 Xpando yellow funnel traps baited with either 91% isopropanol or the five component blend, differed in catch of green June beetles across sample dates, and sample date by bait interaction but there were no differences among these two baits. A season total of 324,007 green June beetle were captured by these 36 baited traps. A brief review is included of fermentation volatiles attractive to insects. We conclude with the potential cost to use mass trapping against adult green June beetles.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Johnson
- Department of Entomology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
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Lassiter K, Ojano-Dirain C, Iqbal M, Pumford NR, Tinsley N, Lay J, Liyanage R, Wing T, Cooper M, Bottje W. Differential Expression of Mitochondrial and Extramitochondrial Proteins in Lymphocytes of Male Broilers with Low and High Feed Efficiency. Poult Sci 2006; 85:2251-9. [PMID: 17135683 DOI: 10.1093/ps/85.12.2251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies were conducted to investigate relationships between mitochondrial and extramitochondrial protein expression, and protein oxidation in lymphocytes obtained from broilers in which individual feed efficiencies were obtained. Lymphocytes were isolated from male broilers from a single line that were shown to exhibit either low (0.48 +/- 0.02, n = 8) or high (0.68 +/- 0.01, n = 7) feed efficiency (FE). Western blot analysis showed that, compared with lymphocytes from high FE broilers, lymphocytes from low FE broilers exhibited a) higher amounts of oxidized proteins (protein carbonyls), b) lower amounts of 3 mitochondrial proteins [core I, cyt c 1 (complex III), and ATP synthase (complex V)], and c) higher amounts of 2 proteins [30 S (complex II) and COX II (complex IV)]. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that the intensities of 25 protein spots from pooled samples of lymphocytes from high and low FE broilers differed by 5-fold or more. Three of these protein spots were picked from the gel and subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis. One protein spot of ~33 kDa was tentatively identified by MALDI-TOF as a fragment of collapsin-2, a component of semaphorin 3D. The results of this study provide further evidence of increased oxidation associated with low FE and further evidence of differential protein expression associated with the phenotypic expression of feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lassiter
- Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, and Contribution from the School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - M. L. Styles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, and Contribution from the School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - R. A. J. O'Hai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, and Contribution from the School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - P. B. Armentrout
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, and Contribution from the School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
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Zhang XG, Liyanage R, Armentrout PB. Potential energy surface for activation of methane by Pt(+): a combined guided ion beam and DFT study. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:5563-75. [PMID: 11389640 DOI: 10.1021/ja010382o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A guided-ion beam tandem mass spectrometer is used to study the reactions of Pt(+) with methane, PtCH(2)(+) with H(2) and D(2), and collision-induced dissociation of PtCH(4)(+) and PtCH(2)(+) with Xe. These studies experimentally probe the potential energy surface for the activation of methane by Pt(+). For the reaction of Pt(+) with methane, dehydrogenation to form PtCH(2)(+) + H(2) is exothermic, efficient, and the only process observed at low energies. PtH(+), formed in a simple C-H bond cleavage, dominates the product spectrum at high energies. The observation of a PtH(2)(+) product provides evidence that methane activation proceeds via a (H)(2)PtCH(2)(+) intermediate. Modeling of the endothermic reaction cross sections yields the 0 K bond dissociation energies in eV (kJ/mol) of D(0)(Pt(+)-H) = 2.81 +/- 0.05 (271 +/- 5), D(0)(Pt(+)-2H) = 6.00 +/- 0.12 (579 +/- 12), D(0)(Pt(+)-C) = 5.43 +/- 0.05 (524 +/- 5), D(0)(Pt(+)-CH) = 5.56 +/- 0.10 (536 +/- 10), and D(0)(Pt(+)-CH(3)) = 2.67 +/- 0.08 (258 +/- 8). D(0)(Pt(+)-CH(2)) = 4.80 +/- 0.03 eV (463 +/- 3 kJ/mol) is determined by measuring the forward and reverse reaction rates for Pt(+) + CH(4) right harpoon over left harpoon PtCH(2)(+) + H(2) at thermal energy. We find extensive hydrogen scrambling in the reaction of PtCH(2)(+) with D(2). Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of PtCH(4)(+), identified as the H-Pt(+)-CH(3) intermediate, with Xe reveals a bond energy of 1.77 +/- 0.08 eV (171 +/- 8 kJ/mol) relative to Pt(+) + CH(4). The experimental thermochemistry is favorably compared with density functional theory calculations (B3LYP using several basis sets), which also establish the electronic structures of these species and provide insight into the reaction mechanism. Results for the reaction of Pt(+) with methane are compared with those for the analogous palladium system and the differences in reactivity and mechanism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X G Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0850, USA
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Ford WR, Menon V, Bhambhani A, Liyanage R, Khan MI, Jugdutt BI. Changes in myocardial density during postinfarction healing: effect on estimation of in vivo left ventricular mass by echocardiographic imaging. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1997. [DOI: 10.1139/y97-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ford WR, Menon V, Bhambhani A, Liyanage R, Khan MI, Jugdutt BI. Changes in myocardial density during postinfarction healing: effect on estimation of in vivo left ventricular mass by echocardiographic imaging. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 1997; 75:1075-82. [PMID: 9365816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To determine whether changes in density (rho) of infarct and noninfarct zones during healing and remodeling after myocardial infarction influence estimates of left ventricular mass and detection of temporal changes by imaging, we measured weights (g) and volumes (mL) of infarct, noninfarct, and mixed tissue in hearts removed 1 to 42 days after anterior infarction in three groups of dogs: nonreperfused infarction treated with placebo or captopril, or infarcts reperfused after 2 h. In vivo mass was calculated from in vivo diastolic myocardial volumes (echocardiograms) and an assumed density of 1.05 g/mL or actual values derived from tissue weights and volumes. Over the 42 days, actual density deviated more from the assumed value of 1.05 in infarct than noninfarct zones, and the overall density was higher for reperfused than nonreperfused ventricles (1.09 vs. 1.06 g/mL, p < 0.01). Correction for density improved the correlation between absolute in vivo and postmortem mass slightly but not the detection of relative changes in mass in control, captopril, or reperfusion groups. These findings suggest that (i) densities of infarct and noninfarct zones differ and change during healing, especially after reperfusion, and (ii) correction for density provides more accurate estimates of volume-derived mass in reperfused hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W R Ford
- Walter Mackenzie Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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