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Schmitz AE, Maduscha KJ, Makkar S, Pasch CA, DeStefanis RA, Emmerich PB, Deming DA. Abstract 4861: Copanlisib enhances the effectiveness of anti-PD1 therapies for colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Immunotherapies are increasingly being used for patients diagnosed with cancer, however, for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), more than 95% of patients have shown little to no clinical benefit to immunotherapy. Previous work from our lab has shown that copanlisib, a PI3K inhibitor, was found to enhance MHC class I expression in Kras mutant CT26 murine colon cancer cells. Here we examine the potential for anti-cancer activity with the combination of copanlisib and anti-PD1 treatments using this model.
Methods: The impact of copanlisib on CT26 cells was performed using the WST assay and the expression of MHC class I was assessed using flow cytometry. CT26 flank allografts were generated in Balb/C mice and subsequently treated for 15 days with copanlisib (10 mg/kg), anti-PD1 (0.2 mg, BioXCell) or the combination. An IgG2a antibody (BioXCell) was used as a control. Tumors were measured twice a week using a caliper. Tumors were excised, and prepared for immunohistochemistry for CD8, CD4, perforin, granzyme B, and F480 was performed. Staining was quantified as the number of positive staining cells per 20X field of view (FOV).
Results: CT26 viability in response to 200 nM copanlisib was relatively unchanged as compared with untreated controls. Via flow cytometry, a 75% increase in mean fluorescent intensity (MFI) for MHC class I was observed comparing control to copanlisib (p=0.003). In vivo, after 15 days there was no difference in the growth rate of those cancers treated with control versus copanlisib or anti-PD1. A significant reduction in growth rate was observed with the combination of anti-PD1 with copanlisib compared to the other arms (median fold change=3.62; control: 7.49, p=0.002, copanlisib: 8.88, p=0.003; anti-PD1: 8.93, p=0.002). There were no differences in CD8 T cell and perforin expression between the treatment groups. Granzyme B expression was higher in the combination compared (median/FOV= 44) to the control (27, p= 0.01). Additionally, a significant reduction in F480 expression was seen in the combination compared to the other treatment groups (median/FOV=43; control: 139, p<0.001, copanlisib: 110, p<0.001; anti-PD1:149, p<0.001).
Conclusions: In conclusion, copanlisib in combination with anti-PD1 demonstrated enhanced anti-tumor activity in Balb/c mice that were injected with CT26 CRC cells. This response was correlated with increased granzyme B expression and a reduction in macrophages with the combination treatment. Further studies will expand on the mechanism of this combination therapy.
Citation Format: Alexa E. Schmitz, Kennedy J. Maduscha, Sarbjeet Makkar, Cheri A. Pasch, Rebecca A. DeStefanis, Philip B. Emmerich, Dustin A. Deming. Copanlisib enhances the effectiveness of anti-PD1 therapies for colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4861.
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Makkar S, Béguin M, Dissertori G, Flock J, Fuentes C, Gajewski J, Hrbacek J, McNamara K, Ritzer C, Rucinski A, Weber D, Lomax A, Winterhalter C. PO-1602 Image reconstruction using the PETITION PET scanner aimed at biologically guided proton therapy. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Makkar S, Riehl TE, Chen B, Yan Y, Alvarado DM, Ciorba MA, Stenson WF. Hyaluronic Acid Binding to TLR4 Promotes Proliferation and Blocks Apoptosis in Colon Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:2446-2456. [PMID: 31484704 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), a constituent of the extracellular matrix, promotes colorectal cancer growth. CD44 is a relevant HA receptor in this context. However, HA is also a ligand for TLR4, a receptor of significance in colorectal cancer. In this study, we examine the relative contribution of HA interactions with CD44 and TLR4 in colon tumorigenesis. Colorectal cancer models included ApcMin/+ mice, azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate (AOM-DSS), and CT26 tumor isografts. We used knockout mice and CT26 colorectal cancer cells with CRISPR knockdown of CD44 and TLR4. HA activity was modulated by PEP1 (a 12-mer peptide that blocks HA from binding its receptors), hyaluronidase (which promotes HA degradation), or 4-MU (HA synthesis inhibitor). Blockade of HA binding via PEP1 decreased growth in all colorectal cancer models and in cell culture. The effects were significant in WT and with CD44 deletion, but not with TLR4 deletion. In the AOM-DSS model, mice deficient in CD44 or TLR4 had fewer tumors. CD44- and TLR4-deficient CT26 isografts grew more slowly, exhibiting decreased tumor cell proliferation and increased apoptosis. In vitro, endogenous HA blocked LPS binding to TLR4 suggesting that HA is a relevant TLR4 ligand in colon cancer. Finally, PEP1 enhanced tumor radiation sensitivity in the isograft model. Together, these results indicate that HA binding to TLR4, as well as CD44, plays a key role in colon tumorigenesis. These findings also raise the possibility that an agent that blocks HA binding, such as PEP1, may be useful as an adjuvant therapy in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbjeet Makkar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Terrence E Riehl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Baosheng Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Yan Yan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - David M Alvarado
- Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Matthew A Ciorba
- Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - William F Stenson
- Division of Gastroenterology and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri.
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James B, Graham EK, Turiano NA, Weston SJ, Čukić I, Wisniewski K, Makkar S, Harrison F. IS HEALTHY NEUROTICISM ASSOCIATED WITH HEALTH BEHAVIORS AND OUTCOMES? A CORDINATED ANALYSIS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B James
- Rush University, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - E K Graham
- Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - N A Turiano
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - S J Weston
- Northwestern University, Chicago IL, USA
| | - I Čukić
- University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotl
| | - K Wisniewski
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
Egg shells are poultry industry byproducts with potential for use in various biological and agricultural applications. We have been interested in the membranes underlying the calcareous shell as a feed supplement, which showed potential to improve immunity and performance of post hatch poultry. Therefore, to determine their protein and peptide profiles, we extracted the egg shell membranes (ESM) from fresh unfertilized eggs with methanol and guanidine hydrochloride (GdHCl) to obtain soluble proteins for analysis by mass spectrometry. The methanol extract was subjected to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), electrospray ionization (ESI), high-performance reverse phase liquid chromatographic separation (HPLC), and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to determine its peptide and protein profiles. The GdHCl extract was subjected to ESI-HPLC-MS/MS following trypsin digestion of reduced/alkylated proteins. Nine proteins from the methanol extract and >275 proteins from the GdHCl extract were tentatively identified. The results suggested the presence of several abundant proteins from egg whites, such as ovoalbumin, ovotransferrin, and lysozyme as well as many others associated with antimicrobial, biomechanical, cytoskeletal organizational, cell signaling, and enzyme activities. Collagens, keratin, agrin, and laminin were some of the structural proteins present in the ESM. The methanol-soluble fraction contained several clusterin peptides and defensins, particularly, two isoforms of gallin. The ratios of the two isoforms of gallin differed between the membranes obtained from brown and white eggs. The high abundance of several antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and other bioactive proteins in the ESM along with its potential to entrap various microbes and antigens may make it a suitable vehicle for oral immunization of post hatch poultry and improve their disease resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarbjeet Makkar
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Rohana Liyanage
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Lakshmi Kannan
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Balamurugan Packialakshmi
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Jack O Lay
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Narayan C Rath
- Poultry Production & Product Safety Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, USDA; ‡Department of Poultry Science; #State Wide Mass Spectrometry Facility; and ⊥Cell & Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas , Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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Makkar S, Rath NC, Packialakshmi B, Huff WE, Huff GR. Nutritional effects of egg shell membrane supplements on chicken performance and immunity. Poult Sci 2015; 94:1184-9. [PMID: 25840966 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pev098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Eggshell membranes (ESM) contain a variety of proteins and peptides which help in the development of embryo and provide protection to it. Many of the peptides and proteins associated with ESM have antimicrobial, immune-modulatory, and adjuvant properties. We hypothesized that the membrane byproducts from egg, provided as posthatch nutritional supplements to chickens, may improve their performance and immunity. To explore its effect, we fed 3 groups of broiler chicks with feed containing 0, 0.2, and 0.4% ESM from d 1 posthatch through 14 d and regular feed thereafter. The birds were individually weighed at the onset of the study and at weekly intervals until the termination at third wk when they were bled and euthanized. The relative weights of liver, spleen, bursa, and heart, hematology profiles, and clinical chemistry variables including serum IgM, IgG, and corticosterone concentrations were measured. The chickens in the ESM treated groups showed a statistically significant increase in BW with no impact on relative organ weights. Compared with controls, the WBC and lymphocyte percentage increased in chickens fed 0.4% ESM whereas the monocyte percentage decreased at both levels of ESM. Except for the serum protein which increased in ESM fed birds no other metabolic clinical chemistry variables showed any significant change. Both IgM and IgG(Y) levels were elevated and corticosterone levels reduced in chickens fed ESM supplemented diets. Our results suggest that ESM supplements during the early phases of growth may improve immunity and stress variables, and enhance their growth performance without any detrimental effect on other physiological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Makkar
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - N C Rath
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - B Packialakshmi
- Poultry Science Center, Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR
| | - W E Huff
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
| | - G R Huff
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701
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Chhabra A, Chhabra N, Makkar S, Sharma A. The controversial issue of centric relation: a historical and current dental perspective? Minerva Stomatol 2011; 60:543-549. [PMID: 22082858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Human mandible is related to the anatomic skull in several positions among these; centric relation is a significant spatial position. It contributes not only as a reference position to build optimal occlusion in artificial dentition, but is also related to sound periodontal health and stomatognatic function. The purpose of this article is to critically discuss the historical and current definitions of centric relation, the different methods used for recording the same and its clinical implication in the restorative dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chhabra
- Department of Prosthodontics and Oral Implantology, ITS Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Vineeta N, Singh V, Makkar S. Anti microbial activity of dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA): a new chelating agent. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2001; 19:160-3. [PMID: 12396095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful outcome of endodontic treatment depends on elimination of bacteria and their products present in the root canal. It has been reported that after careful chemicomechanical preparation, smear layer is formed on the walls of canal, which contains bacteria and their products. Chelating agents, when used during chemicomechanical preparation, remove the smear layer. DMSA--a new chelating agent, when used in root canals, removes the smear layer more than EDTA when used as irrigant in root canals. This study was conducted to determine whether DMSA has anti microbial activity and compare it with EDTA. The results show that EDTA (10% & 15%) had marked anti microbial activity, both on culture plates and in broth. DMSA (10% & 15%) did not show anti microbial activity on culture plates while in broth it had marked activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Vineeta
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, D.A.V (C) Dental College, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana
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