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Silva Ramos FDS, de Castro Oliveira L, Albertinazzi L, Bezerra SJC, Dos Santos VR, Scaramucci T, Duque C, Ganss B, Souza MT, Pessan JP, Fagundes TC. Analysis of dentin wear and biological properties promoted by experimental inoffice desensitizing materials. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:607. [PMID: 38789946 PMCID: PMC11127430 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate dentin wear and biological performance of desensitizing materials. METHODS Seventy bovine root dentin blocks were sectioned. Half of the surface of each specimen was untreated (control) and the other half was immersed in EDTA and treated with the following desensitizing materials: placebo varnish (PLA), fluoride varnish (FLU), sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish + sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), universal adhesive (SBU), S-PRG varnish (SPRG), biosilicate (BIOS), and amelotin solution (AMTN). After application, the specimens were submitted to an erosive-abrasive challenge and the wear analyzed by optical profilometer. Serial dilutions of extracts obtained from the culture medium containing discs impregnated with those desensitizers were applied on fibroblasts and odontoblasts-like cells cultures. Cytotoxicity and production of total protein (TP) by colorimetric assays were determined after 24 h. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's, One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS No dentin wear was observed only for SBU. The lowest dentin wear was observed for AMTN and TMP. Cell viability was significantly reduced after treatment with undiluted extracts of PLA, FLU, TMP and SBU in fibroblasts and TMP and SBU in odontoblast-like cells. SPRG, BIOS and AMTN were cytocompatible at all dilutions tested. Considering TP results, no statistical difference was observed among the groups and high levels for TP were observed after TMP and FLU treatments. CONCLUSIONS Universal adhesive system may protect dentin with opened tubules from wear after challenge. Extracts of adhesive and fluoride varnishes presented cytotoxic mainly on fibroblasts. The enamel protein may be a future alternative to treat dentin with opened tubules because it may cause low wear under erosive-abrasive challenge with low cytotoxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda de Souza Silva Ramos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laryssa de Castro Oliveira
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Albertinazzi
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sávio José Cardoso Bezerra
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rodrigues Dos Santos
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Tais Scaramucci
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of São Paulo (USP), School of Dentistry, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bernhard Ganss
- Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontário, Canada
| | - Marina Trevelin Souza
- Vitreous Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Pelim Pessan
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ticiane Cestari Fagundes
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Zeng Y, Liu L, Huang D, Song D. Immortalized cell lines derived from dental/odontogenic tissue. Cell Tissue Res 2023:10.1007/s00441-023-03767-5. [PMID: 37039940 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03767-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells derived from dental/odontogenic tissue have the property of multiple differentiation and are prospective in tooth regenerative medicine and cellular and molecular studies. However, in the face of cellular senescence soon in vitro, the proliferation ability of the cells is limited, so studies are hindered to some extent. Fortunately, immortalization strategies are expected to solve the above issues. Cellular immortalization is that cells are immortalized by introducing oncogenes, human telomerase reverse transcriptase genes (hTERT), or miscellaneous immortalization genes to get unlimited proliferation. At present, a variety of immortalized stem cells from dental/odontogenic tissue has been successfully generated, such as dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), periodontal ligament cells (PDLs), stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs), dental papilla cells (DPCs), and tooth germ mesenchymal cells (TGMCs). This review summarized establishment and applications of immortalized stem cells from dental/odontogenic tissues and then discussed the advantages and challenges of immortalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Liu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dingming Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dongzhe Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Center for Stomatology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Kreutz M, Kreutz C, Kanzow P, Tauböck TT, Burrer P, Noll C, Bader O, Rohland B, Wiegand A, Rizk M. Effect of Bioactive and Antimicrobial Nanoparticles on Properties and Applicability of Dental Adhesives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3862. [PMID: 36364638 PMCID: PMC9694625 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine the applicability of bioactive and antibacterial nanoparticles to an experimental adhesive. The adhesive (60 wt% BisGMA, 15 wt% TEGDMA, 25 wt% HEMA) was mixed with combinations of 5 wt% methacryl-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MA-POSS) and one kind of bioactive/antibacterial nanoparticles: 1 wt% core-shell silica-silver nanoparticle (SiO2@Ag), 1 wt% bioactive glass with bismuth (BAG-Bi) or 1 wt% calcium phosphate (CAP). Pure adhesive served as control. The physicochemical (degree of conversion (DC), linear shrinkage (LS), shear and complex viscosity, water sorption (WS), sol fraction (SF)), biological (antimicrobial effect) and bioactive (mineral precipitation) properties were investigated. DC and LS remained unchanged. The combination of BAG-Bi/MA-POSS resulted in a significantly increased WS and SF compared to control. In addition, the combination of CAP/MA-POSS slightly increased the shear viscosity of the adhesive. The addition of the nanoparticles did not influence the antimicrobial effects compared to the pure adhesive. Improved mineral inducing capacity could be detected in all nanoparticle combinations. The combination of bioactive and/or antibacterial nanoparticles showed improved mineral inducing capacity, but no antibacterial properties. The material properties were not or only slightly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Kreutz
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Christian Kreutz
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Kanzow
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias T. Tauböck
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Phoebe Burrer
- Department of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Noll
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Bader
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bianca Rohland
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Annette Wiegand
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marta Rizk
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Hiers RD, Huebner P, Khajotia SS, Florez FLE. Characterization of Experimental Nanoparticulated Dental Adhesive Resins with Long-Term Antibacterial Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3732. [PMID: 36364508 PMCID: PMC9656602 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Experimental adhesives with functional nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (N_TiO2) have been shown to display improved properties. However, these materials have not been characterized regarding their degree of conversion (DC), biaxial flexure strength (BFS), surface roughness (SR), elastic modulus (EM), and long-term antibacterial functionalities. Experimental adhesives were synthesized by dispersing N_TiO2 (10%, 20%, or 30%, v/v%) into OptiBond Solo Plus (OPTB, Kerr Corp., USA). Unpolymerized adhesives (volume = 50 μL/drop, n = 3/group) were individually placed onto a heated (37 °C) attenuated total reflectance (ATR) monolithic diamond crystal (Golden Gate, Specac). The spectra of composites were obtained with a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer (Nicolet IS50; 500-4500 cm-1; resolution = 4 cm-1, 10 internal scans/spectrum) before and after polymerization. Disk-shaped specimens (diameter = 6.0 mm, thickness = 0.5 mm) for BFS (n = 12/group), SR and EM (n = 3/group), and for antibacterial testing (n = 18/group/time-point) were fabricated and photopolymerized (1 min each; 385-515 nm, 1000 mW/cm2; VALO). DC values (%) were calculated from pre- and post-polymerization spectra using the two-frequency method and tangent-baseline technique. BFS was assessed using a universal testing machine (Instron 68TM-5, crosshead speed = 1.27 mm/min, 25 °C). SR and EM were investigated using an atomic force microscope (Multimode 8) with aluminum-coated silicon probes (8 nm pyramidal tip, spring constant 40 N/m, Bruker). Antibacterial testing was performed by growing Streptococcus mutans biofilms (UA159-ldh, 37 °C, microaerophilic) on the surfaces of specimens for 24 h and then measuring the relative luminescence units (RLU) with a Biotek Synergy HT multi-well plate reader. Results demonstrate that experimental materials containing 10%, 20%, and 30% of N_TiO2 displayed higher levels of DC, had better mechanical properties, and were able to exert strong and durable antibacterial properties without visible light irradiation and after extended periods of simulated shelf-life and aging in PBS. The reported experimental materials are expected to increase the service lives of polymer-based bonded restorations by decreasing the incidence of secondary caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle Denise Hiers
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Pedro Huebner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sharukh Soli Khajotia
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
| | - Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA
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Caldas IP, da Silva EM, Lourenço ES, Martins do Nascimento JC, Leite PEC, Leão MP, Alves G, Scelza MZ. The influence of methodology on the comparison of cytotoxicity of total-etch and self-etch adhesive systems. J Dent 2022; 122:104158. [PMID: 35550400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study aimed to compare the in vitro cytocompatibility of two etch-and-rinse (Adper Scothbond, Optibond) and two self-etch (Clearfill SE Bond and Single Bond Universal) dental adhesives through a dentin-barrier model with human pulp fibroblasts. METHODS Human fibroblasts were placed on a plastic device containing 500μm human dentin discs treated with each adhesive or without treatment (control). Other groups were directly exposed to media conditioned with adhesive samples according to ISO 10993-5:2009. After 24h exposure, cell viability was assessed by XTT, and released inflammatory mediators were detected with a multiparametric immunoassay. RESULTS The standardized test without barrier indicated both etch-and-rinse adhesives and self-etch as cytotoxic, promoting viabilities under 70% of the control group (p<0.05). The dentin-barrier model identified increased cell viability for self-etch adhesives, with Clearfill SE Bond identified as non-cytotoxic. The immunoassay evidenced high rates of cytokines by cells exposed to the conditioned media of Adper Scotchbond, Optibond S, and Single Bond Universal. CONCLUSIONS The use of a dentin-barrier in vitro model detected a better biocompatibility for self-etching adhesives and, in the case of Clearfill SE Bond, with a reversion from cytotoxic to biocompatible when compared to the indirect standardized test. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The use of a dentin-barrier in vitro model was able to detect a better biocompatibility for self-etching adhesives when compared to the indirect standardized test and presents itself as a predictive in vitro method for assessing the cytotoxicity of dental restorative materials that may simulate the clinical condition more accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isleine Portal Caldas
- Geriatric Dentistry Department, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Moreira da Silva
- Analytical Laboratory of Restorative Biomaterials - LABiom-R, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | - Paulo Emilio Correa Leite
- Clinical Research Unit of the Antonio Pedro Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Gutemberg Alves
- Clinical Research Unit of the Antonio Pedro Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Brazil
| | - Miriam Zaccaro Scelza
- Laboratory of Experimental Culture Cell (LECCel), School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil; Endodontics Department, School of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
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Cardoso M, Coelho A, Marto CM, Gonçalves AC, Paula A, Ribeiro ABS, Ferreira MM, Botelho MF, Laranjo M, Carrilho E. Effects of Adper ™ Scotchbond ™ 1 XT, Clearfil ™ SE Bond 2 and Scotchbond ™ Universal in Odontoblasts. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:6435. [PMID: 34771964 PMCID: PMC8585417 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the cytotoxicity of commercially available adhesive strategies-etch-and-rinse (Adper™ Scotchbond™ 1 XT, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA, SB1), self-etch (Clearfil™ SE Bond 2, Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc., Tokyo, Japan, CSE), and universal (Scotchbond™ Universal, 3M Deutschland GmbH, Neuss, Germany, SBU). MDPC-23 cells were exposed to adhesives extracts in different concentrations and exposure times. To access cell metabolic activity, viability, types of cell death, and cell cycle, the MTT assay, SRB assay, double labeling with annexin V and propidium iodide, and labeling with propidium iodide/RNAse were performed, respectively. Cultures were stained with May-Grünwald Giemsa for qualitative cytotoxicity assessment. The SB1, CSE, and SBU extracts determined a significant reduction in cell metabolism and viability. This reduction was higher for prolonged exposures, even for less concentrated extracts. CSE extracts significantly reduced the cell's metabolic activity at higher concentrations (50% and 100%) from 2 h of exposure. After 24 and 96 h, a metabolic activity reduction was verified for all adhesives, even at lower concentrations. These changes were dependent on the adhesive, its concentration, and the incubation time. Regarding cell viability, SBU extracts were the least cytotoxic, and CSE was significantly more cytotoxic than SB1 and SBU. The adhesives determined a reduction in viable cells and an increase in apoptotic, late apoptosis/necrosis, and necrotic cells. Moreover, on cultures exposed to SB1 and CSE extracts, a decrease in the cells in S and G2/M phases and an increase in the cells in G0/G1 phase was observed. Exposure to SBU led to an increase of cells in the S phase. In general, all adhesives determined cytotoxicity. CSE extracts were the most cytotoxic and were classified as having a higher degree of reactivity, leading to more significant inhibition of cell growth and destruction of the cell's layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Cardoso
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.); (C.M.M.); (A.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.F.B.); (M.L.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Ana Coelho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.); (C.M.M.); (A.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.); (C.M.M.); (A.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.F.B.); (M.L.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anabela Paula
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.); (C.M.M.); (A.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento Ribeiro
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology (LOH), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Endodontics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.F.B.); (M.L.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Mafalda Laranjo
- Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.F.B.); (M.L.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.); (C.M.M.); (A.P.); (E.C.)
- Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Area of Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.C.G.); (A.B.S.R.); (M.M.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
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Wawrzynkiewicz A, Rozpedek-Kaminska W, Galita G, Lukomska-Szymanska M, Lapinska B, Sokolowski J, Majsterek I. The Toxicity of Universal Dental Adhesives: An In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13162653. [PMID: 34451192 PMCID: PMC8400476 DOI: 10.3390/polym13162653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
There is no consensus in the literature regarding the potential toxicity of universal dental adhesives (UDA). Being used in close proximity to the pulp, their biocompatibility should be an important factor in dental research. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of UDA in an in vitro model. The study was performed using a monocyte/macrophage peripheral blood SC cell line (ATCC CRL-9855) on four specific UDA, namely: All-Bond Universal (Bisco); CLEARFIL Universal Bond Quick (Kuraray); G-Premio BOND (GC); Single Bond Universal (3M ESPE). The cytotoxicity of the investigated UDA was measured using the XTT colorimetric assay. The genotoxicity of the analyzed compounds was evaluated using an alkaline version of the comet assay. Furthermore, flow cytometry (FC) apoptosis detection was performed using the FITC Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit I. FC cell-cycle arrest assessment was performed using propidium iodide staining. The study observed significant differences in the toxicity of the UDA that were tested, as G-Premio BOND showed significant in vitro toxicity in all of the tests performed, while All-Bond Universal, CLEARFIL Universal Bond Quick and Single Bond Universal did not present any significant toxic effects toward SC cell line. The in vitro toxicity of UDA should be taken into consideration prior to in vivo and clinical studies. The flow cytometry could improve the accuracy of dental materials research and should be incorporated into the standardization criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wawrzynkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (W.R.-K.); (G.G.)
| | - Wioletta Rozpedek-Kaminska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (W.R.-K.); (G.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Galita
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (W.R.-K.); (G.G.)
| | - Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (M.L.-S.); (B.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Barbara Lapinska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (M.L.-S.); (B.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland; (M.L.-S.); (B.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (W.R.-K.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-5300
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Klein-Junior CA, Sobieray K, Zimmer R, Portella FF, Reston EG, Marinowic D, Hosaka K. Effect of heat treatment on cytotoxicity and polymerization of universal adhesives. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:970-975. [PMID: 32611987 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
To assess, in vitro, the influence of heat air treatment on cytotoxicity and degree of conversion (DC) of universal self-etch adhesives (Ambar Universal APS, Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, and Tetric N-Bond Universal) in an NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell culture. Samples were divided into three groups: 1) no heat treatment (control), 2) 37°C and 3) 60°C heat treatment before photopolymerization. Cytotoxicity was analyzed by MTT assay and the DC by FTIR. All adhesives heated at 60°C showed reduced cytotoxicity levels when compared with those heated at 37°C. In general, DC of Ambar Universal APS presented the highest DC than Scotchbond Universal Adhesive and Tetric N-Bond Universal, and the hot air treatment do not influence the conversion. Heat treatment at 60°C was able to reduce the cytotoxicity of universal self-etch adhesives, even, the heat treatment does not enhances the DC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathleen Sobieray
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA)
| | - Roberto Zimmer
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA)
| | | | - Eduardo Galia Reston
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA)
| | - Daniel Marinowic
- Brain Institute, Neuroscience laboratory, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUC)
| | - Keiichi Hosaka
- Department of Oral Health Science, School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
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9
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Pagano S, Lombardo G, Costanzi E, Balloni S, Bruscoli S, Flamini S, Coniglio M, Valenti C, Cianetti S, Marinucci L. Morpho-functional effects of different universal dental adhesives on human gingival fibroblasts: an in vitro study. Odontology 2020; 109:524-539. [PMID: 33211211 PMCID: PMC7954759 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00569-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To analyze the effects of four universal adhesives (Optibond Solo Plus—OB, Universal Bond—UB, Prime&Bond Active—PBA, FuturaBond M + —FB) on human gingival fibroblasts in terms of cytotoxicity, morphology and function. After in vitro exposure for up to 48 h, fibroblast viability was determined by the MTT assay determined, morphology by phase-contrast microscopy and migration by the scratch wound assay. Expression levels of IL1β, IL6, IL8, IL10, TNFα and VEGF genes were assessed by RT-PCR and their protein production by Western blot analysis. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. OB and UB induced early morphological changes on fibroblasts (3 h) with extended cell death at 24 h/48 h. Gene expression of collagen type I and fibronectin increased fivefold compared with controls, elastin disappeared and elastase increased threefold, indicating gingival tissue tended to become fibrotic. Only UB and OB increased gene expression of inflammatory markers: IL1β at 3 and 48 h (up to about three times), IL6 and IL8 at 3 h (up to almost four times) which corresponded to the increase of the activated form NF-kB. All adhesives showed an effect on the functionality of fibroblasts with cytotoxic effect time and concentration dependent. Among all the OB and UB adhesives, they showed the greatest cell damage. The in-depth analysis of the effects of universal adhesives and possible functional effects represents an important information for the clinician towards choosing the most suitable adhesive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guido Lombardo
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Egidia Costanzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefania Balloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bruscoli
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Flamini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pharmacology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Maddalena Coniglio
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Chiara Valenti
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Cianetti
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre: Chair Prof. Stefano Cianetti, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea Delle Fratte, 06156, Perugia, Italy.
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10
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Esteban Florez FL, Kraemer H, Hiers RD, Sacramento CM, Rondinone AJ, Silvério KG, Khajotia SS. Sorption, solubility and cytotoxicity of novel antibacterial nanofilled dental adhesive resins. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13503. [PMID: 32782299 PMCID: PMC7421579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70487-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental adhesives hydrolyze in the mouth. This study investigated the water sorption (SOR), solubility (SOL) and cytotoxicity (CYTO) of experimental adhesives containing nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles (N_TiO2). Specimens (n = 15/group [SOR, SOL]; n = 10/group [CYTO]) of unaltered Clearfil SE Protect (CSP), OptiBond Solo Plus (OSP), Adper Scotchbond (ASB) and experimental adhesives (OSP + 25% or 30% of N_TiO2) were fabricated, desiccated (37 °C) and tested for SOR and SOL according to ISO Specification 4049 (2009). CYTO specimens were UV-sterilized (8 J/cm2) and monomer extracted in growth medium (1, 3 or 7 days). Human pulp cells were isolated and seeded (0.5 × 104) for MTT assay. SOR and SOL data was analyzed using GLM and SNK (α = 0.05) and CYTO data was analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis and SNK tests (α = 0.05). SOR and SOL values ranged from 25.80 μg/mm3 (30% N_TiO2) to 28.01 μg/mm3 (OSP) and 23.88 μg/mm3 (30% N_TiO2) to 25.39 μg/mm3 (25% N_TiO2). CYTO results indicated that pulp cells exposed to experimental materials displayed comparable viabilities (p > 0.05) to those of OSP. Experimental materials displayed comparable SOR, SOL and CYTO values (p > 0.05) when compared to unaltered materials. N_TiO2 incorporation have not adversely impacted SOR, SOL and CYTO properties of unaltered adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Luis Esteban Florez
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1201 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA.
| | - Hannah Kraemer
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1201 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Rochelle Denise Hiers
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1201 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Catharina Marques Sacramento
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901-Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901-Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Adam Justin Rondinone
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Karina Gonzales Silvério
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901-Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil.,Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Av. Limeira, 901-Bairro Areião, Piracicaba, São Paulo, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Sharukh S Khajotia
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, College of Dentistry, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1201 North Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
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11
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Wawrzynkiewicz A, Rozpedek-Kaminska W, Galita G, Lukomska-Szymanska M, Lapinska B, Sokolowski J, Majsterek I. The Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Three Dental Universal Adhesives-An In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113950. [PMID: 32486393 PMCID: PMC7312029 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental universal adhesives are considered an useful tool in modern dentistry as they can be used in different etching techniques, allow for simplified protocol and provide sufficient bond strength. However, there is still no consensus as to their toxicity towards pulp. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of three universal adhesives: OptiBond Universal, Prime&Bond Universal and Adhese in an in vitro experimental model, monocyte/macrophage cell line SC (ATCC CRL-9855). The cytotoxicity was measured by means of XTT assay, whereas the genotoxicity (comet assay) was evaluated based on the percentage of DNA present in the comet tail. Furthermore, the ability of the adhesives to induce apoptosis was analyzed using flow cytometry (FC) with the FITC annexin V/propidium iodide (PI) double staining. The analysis of the cell cycle progression was performed with FC using PI staining. OptiBond Universal presented significant, while Prime&Bond Universal and Adhese Universal had minimal cytotoxicity and genotoxicity towards human SC cells. Moreover, only OptiBond Universal increased the level of apoptosis in SC cell line. None of the adhesives showed significant cell cycle arrest, as revealed by FC analysis. Due to substantial differences in toxicity in in vitro studies of dental adhesives, there is a great need for further research in order to establish more reliable test protocols allowing for standardized methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wawrzynkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (W.R.-K.); (G.G.)
| | - Wioletta Rozpedek-Kaminska
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (W.R.-K.); (G.G.)
| | - Grzegorz Galita
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (W.R.-K.); (G.G.)
| | - Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (M.L.-S.); (B.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Barbara Lapinska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (M.L.-S.); (B.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (M.L.-S.); (B.L.); (J.S.)
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland; (A.W.); (W.R.-K.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-42-272-53-00
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12
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Cytotoxicity of Self-Etch Versus Etch-and-Rinse Dentin Adhesives: A Screening Study. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13020452. [PMID: 31963535 PMCID: PMC7013582 DOI: 10.3390/ma13020452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Six dentin adhesives were tested in vitro regarding their cytotoxicity on human fibroblasts. The adhesives Hybrid Bond, One-up Bond F Plus, AdheSE, Clearfil SE Bond, Optibond Solo Plus and Syntac were eluted with culture medium as single or sequentially applied adhesive part for 24 h. 75 Petri dishes were produced per group. They were evaluated triangulated, comprising the quantitative evaluation (105 ones) to determine “viable”, “dead” and “debris” cells with the use of a cell-counter and the reactivity index was also identified based on the qualitative assessment (420 ones). One-up Bond F Plus, AdheSE and Clearfil SE Bond showed a statistical difference of viable cells to the cell control. For One-up Bond F Plus, statistically, differences compared to hybrid bond and Syntac were also found. All the adhesives except One-up Bond F Plus showed significant differences between single and sequentially applied adhesive part regarding the quantitative evaluation. The test material showed a moderate grade of cytotoxicity. As a result, a statistically significant difference of the cytotoxicity between the self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesives cannot be demonstrated regarding the qualitative evaluation and the reactivity index, but the differences between sequentially applied and single applied components can be proved.
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13
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Matsuo K, Yoshihara K, Nagaoka N, Makita Y, Obika H, Okihara T, Matsukawa A, Yoshida Y, Van Meerbeek B. Rechargeable anti-microbial adhesive formulation containing cetylpyridinium chloride montmorillonite. Acta Biomater 2019; 100:388-397. [PMID: 31568874 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Long-term anti-bacterial effect is a desired ability of any dental material in combating tooth caries as one of the most common and widespread persistent diseases today. Among several cationic quaternary ammonium compounds with antiseptic properties, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is often used in mouthrinses and toothpastes. In this study, we incorporated CPC in a soft phyllosilicate mineral (clay), referred to as montmorillonite (Mont), to enable gradual CPC release with rechargeability. Besides measuring CPC release and recharge, we examined the anti-bacterial effect, cytotoxicity and bonding effectiveness of five experimental adhesive formulations, prepared by adding 1 and 3 wt% CPC_Mont, 3 wt% Mont (without CPC), and 1 and 3 wt% CPC (without Mont) to the commercial adhesive Clearfil S3 Bond ND Quick ('C-S3B'; Kuraray Noritake). Strong inhibition of Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation by CPC_Mont adhesives was confirmed by optical density and SEM. CPC release from CPC_Mont adhesives was higher and lasted longer than from CPC adhesives, while CPC_Mont adhesives could also be recharged with CPC upon immersion in 2 wt% CPC. In conclusion, CPC_Mont technology rendered adhesives anti-bacterial properties with recharge ability, this without reducing its bonding potential, neither increasing its cytotoxicity. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Dental caries is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in the population worldwide and is the major cause of tooth loss. In this study, we developed cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) loaded montmorillonite (CPC-Mont) with a long-term antibacterial efficacy to prevent caries. CPC is an antibacterial agent approved by FDA, used as an OTC drug and contained in oral hygiene aids. CPC-Mont was incorporated in a dental adhesive to gradually release CPC. CPC_Mont technology rendered adhesives anti-bacterial properties with rechargeability, this without reducing its bonding potential, neither increasing its cytotoxicity.
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14
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Pagano S, Lombardo G, Balloni S, Bodo M, Cianetti S, Barbati A, Montaseri A, Marinucci L. Cytotoxicity of universal dental adhesive systems: Assessment in vitro assays on human gingival fibroblasts. Toxicol In Vitro 2019; 60:252-260. [PMID: 31195088 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2019.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Universal adhesives are the most important innovation in restorative dentistry. They are composed of different monomers, solvents and fillers. The potential cytotoxic effect of these materials is an important scientific aspect in recent literature. The aim of this study was to determine, using different in vitro techniques, the cytotoxicity evaluation of seven universal enamel-dental adhesives on human gingival fibroblasts. For this purpose, seven universal dental enamel adhesives have been evaluated by in vitro cytotoxicity tests using direct contact tests (an unpolymerized and a polymerized method) and an indirect contact test: preparation of extracts. The polymerized method showed a cytotoxicity range from 36% (G-PremioBond, GPB) to 79% (FuturaBond M+, FB). With the unpolymerized direct methods the range was from 4% (Prime&Bond Active, PBA) to 40% (Ibond Universal, IB) for undiluted adhesives; generally passing to the major dilutions the test showed a strong inhibitory activity by all the adhesives. Whereas with the indirect method by diluting the extracts of all dental adhesives the cell viability increased. The data obtained from the work has shown a lower cytotoxic effect of Optibond Solo Plus (OB) and Adhesive Universal (AU) with more reliable results with the extracts technique. The choice of reliable in vitro cytotoxic technique could represent, in dental practice, an important aid for clinical procedures in the use of adhesive systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Pagano
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Guido Lombardo
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stefania Balloni
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maria Bodo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Stefano Cianetti
- School of Medicine, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Odontostomatological University Centre, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Antonella Barbati
- Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
| | - Azadeh Montaseri
- Tissue Engineering Department, Advanced Medical Sciences Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Lorella Marinucci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biosciences and Medical Embriology, University of Perugia, S. Andrea delle Fratte, 06156 Perugia, Italy.
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15
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Caldas IP, Alves GG, Barbosa IB, Scelza P, de Noronha F, Scelza MZ. In vitro cytotoxicity of dental adhesives: A systematic review. Dent Mater 2018; 35:195-205. [PMID: 30527507 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The increased demand for esthetics and minimally invasive tooth restorations resulted in a rapid development of adhesive dentistry. However, much controversy remains about the safe use and cytotoxic effects of different groups of dental adhesives. The present study performed a systematic review to identify the answer to the following question: are self-etch adhesives more cytotoxic than those employing the etch-and-rinse system? METHODS This systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA statement; a quality assessment for in vitro studies was conducted using the ToxRTool. Specific search strategies were developed and performed in the electronic databases MEDLINE via PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, and LILACS/BBO. After removal of duplicated studies and application of the exclusion criteria, ten eligible articles were selected and submitted to a qualitative descriptive analysis comparing both groups of dental adhesives. Most in vitro test systems employed pulp cells or gingival fibroblasts. RESULTS The methodologies presented great variability regarding the exposure to the test materials. Only four studies assessed the role of the degree of conversion of the materials in their toxicity, with conflicting results. SIGNIFICANCE While the lack of methodological standardization among the studies still hinders the establishment of a relationship between type of dental adhesive and toxicity, studies employing dentin barrier systems indicate greater cytotoxicity for etch-and-rinse adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isleine Portal Caldas
- Doctoral Program in Dentistry of University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gutemberg Gomes Alves
- Professor, Molecular and Cell Biology Department, Institute of Biology, University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Igor Bastos Barbosa
- Geriatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry of University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pantaleo Scelza
- Geriatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry of University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando de Noronha
- Geriatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry of University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Miriam Zaccaro Scelza
- Full Professor, Endodontics and Geriatric Dentistry Department, Laboratory Experimental of Culture Cell (LECCel), Faculty of Dentistry, University Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil.
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16
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Early responses of human pulp to direct capping with resin adhesive systems and calcium hydroxide. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e73-e82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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da Rosa WLO, Cocco AR, Silva TMD, Mesquita LC, Galarça AD, Silva AFD, Piva E. Current trends and future perspectives of dental pulp capping materials: A systematic review. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:1358-1368. [PMID: 28561919 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
To systematically review the literature to analyze the current trends and future perspectives of dental pulp capping materials through an analysis of scientific and technological data. This study is reported in accordance with the PRISMA Statement. Nine databases were screened: PubMed (MedLine), Lilacs, IBECS, BBO, Web of Science, Scopus, SciELO, Google Scholar, and The Cochrane Library. Additionally, the following patent applications were searched online in Questel Orbit (Paris, France), USPTO, EPO, JPO, INPI, and Patentscope databases. A total of 716 papers and 83 patents were included. Calcium hydroxide was the main type of material studied, especially for direct pulp capping, followed by MTA. Patents related to adhesives or resins increased from 1998 e 2008, while in the last years, a major increase was observed in bioactive materials (containing bioactive proteins), materials derived from MTA (calcium silicate, calcium phosphate and calcium aluminate-based cements) and MTA. It was possible to obtain a scientific and technological overview of pulp capping materials. MTA has shown favorable results in vital pulp therapy that seem to surpass the disadvantages of calcium hydroxide. Recent advances in bioactive materials and those derived from MTA have shown promising results that could improve biomaterials used in vital pulp treatments. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1358-1368, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellington L O da Rosa
- DDS, Post-graduate Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Alexandra R Cocco
- DDS, Post-graduate Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago M da Silva
- Undergraduate Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Luana C Mesquita
- Undergraduate Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Arthur Dias Galarça
- Undergraduate Student, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Adriana F da Silva
- DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Evandro Piva
- DDS, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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18
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Pupo YM, Bernardo CFDF, de Souza FFDFA, Michél MD, Ribeiro CNDM, Germano S, Maluf DF. Cytotoxicity of Etch-and-Rinse, Self-Etch, and Universal Dental Adhesive Systems in Fibroblast Cell Line 3T3. SCANNING 2017; 2017:9650420. [PMID: 29109829 PMCID: PMC5662068 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9650420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate in fibroblast cultures the direct cytotoxic effects of etch-and-rinse, self-etch, and universal adhesive systems. The sterile glass cover slips (n = 3) were then immersed in culture medium to obtain the eluates for the experimental groups: (1) Adper™ Single Bond 2; (2) Ambar; (3) Adper™ Scotchbond™ Multi-Purpose; (4) Scotchbond™ Universal; (5) Ambar Universal; and (6) OptiBond All-In-One. As a negative control, sterile glass cover slips were immersed in culture medium only. After 24 h, the eluate obtained was applied on fibroblast culture. Cell viability and cell morphology were evaluated by MTT assay and SEM, respectively. Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (α = 0.05). All adhesive systems except universal reduced cell viability in 3T3 cells to between 26.04% and 56.57%, and Scotchbond Universal and Ambar Universal reduced cell viability to 2.13% and 3.57%, respectively, when compared to the negative control. Cytoplasmic membrane shrinkage and cell-free areas with residual membrane fragments from dead cells were observed. In conclusion, improvements in universal adhesive system formulations and their mechanisms of action are not accompanied by increased toxicity compared with those in other systems, warranting commitment to the use of these dentin-pulp complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Mendes Pupo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Milton Domingos Michél
- Department of Materials Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG), Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sandro Germano
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Daniela Florencio Maluf
- Department of Biomedicine, Tuiuti University of Parana (UTP), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Parana (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Wegehaupt FJ, Lunghi N, Belibasakis GN, Attin T. Influence of light-curing distance on degree of conversion and cytotoxicity of etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesives. BMC Oral Health 2016; 17:12. [PMID: 27430972 PMCID: PMC4948104 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-016-0239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The degree of conversion (DC) of resin based materials depends, beside other factors, on the light-intensity applied during light curing. A lower DC might be correlated with an increased cytotoxicity of the respective materials. Therefore, aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of the distance between light-curing tip and adhesives on their cytotoxicity and degree of conversion (DC). METHODS For the cytotoxicity assay, a total of 98 bovine dentine samples were prepared, distributed to seven groups (G1-G7; n = 14) and treated as follows: G1: untreated; G2-G4: OptiBond FL; G5-G7: OptiBond All-In-One. Adhesives were light-cured (1200 mW/cm(2)) at 1 mm (G2;G5), 4 mm (G3;G6) or 7 mm (G4;G7) distance. Samples were stored in culture media for 24 h and extracts were added to cell cultures (dental pulp cells and gingival fibroblasts) for a further 24 h. Finally, released lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) was photometrically determined, as measure for the cytotoxic effects of the extracts. The cytotoxicity assay was performed three times. Additionally, the DC of the adhesives was determined by FTIR spectroscopy. DC measurements were performed five times. RESULTS For both cell types, no significant difference of LDH release was observed between untreated control group (G1) and treated groups G2-G7 (p > 0.05, respectively), between the groups treated with same adhesive and light-cured at different distance (p > 0.05, respectively), as well as between groups treated with different adhesives and light-cured at the same distance (p > 0.05, respectively). Within the respective adhesive, no significant difference in the DC was observed when light-cured at different distance (p > 0.05, respectively), while OptiBond FL showed significantly higher DCs compared to OptiBond All-In-One when light-cured at same distances (p < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The distance between light-curing tip and adhesive surface does not significantly influence either the cytotoxicity or the DC of the tested adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian J Wegehaupt
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Nancy Lunghi
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Section of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Oral Biology, University of Zürich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Attin
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Cariology, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
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