1
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Xu X, Gao C, Emusani R, Jia C, Xiang D. Toward Practical Single-Molecule/Atom Switches. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400877. [PMID: 38810145 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Electronic switches have been considered to be one of the most important components of contemporary electronic circuits for processing and storing digital information. Fabricating functional devices with building blocks of atomic/molecular switches can greatly promote the minimization of the devices and meet the requirement of high integration. This review highlights key developments in the fabrication and application of molecular switching devices. This overview offers valuable insights into the switching mechanisms under various stimuli, emphasizing structural and energy state changes in the core molecules. Beyond the molecular switches, typical individual metal atomic switches are further introduced. A critical discussion of the main challenges for realizing and developing practical molecular/atomic switches is provided. These analyses and summaries will contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the switch mechanisms, providing guidance for the rational design of functional nanoswitch devices toward practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Xu
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chunyan Gao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ramya Emusani
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single Molecule Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300350, China
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2
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Sutradhar D, Sarmah A, Hobza P, Chandra AK. Strong Be-N Interaction Induced Complementary Chemical Tuning to Design a Dual-gated Single Molecule Junction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301473. [PMID: 37401206 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The interaction between pyridines and the π-hole of BeH2 leads to the formation of strong beryllium-bonded complexes. Theoretical investigations demonstrate that the Be-N bonding interaction can effectively regulate the electronic current through a molecular junction. The electronic conductance exhibits distinct switching behavior depending on the substituent groups at the para position of pyridine, highlighting the role of Be-N interaction as a potent chemical gate in the proposed device. The complexes exhibit short intermolecular distances ranging from 1.724 to 1.752 Å, emphasizing their strong binding. Detailed analysis of electronic rearrangements and geometric perturbations upon complex formation provides insights into the underlying reasons for the formation of such strong Be-N bonds, with bond strengths varying from -116.25 to -92.96 kJ/mol. Moreover, the influence of chemical substituents on the local electronic transmission of the beryllium-bonded complex offers valuable insights for the implementation of a secondary chemical gate in single-molecule devices. This study paves the way for the development of chemically gateable, functional single-molecule transistors, advancing the design and fabrication of multifunctional single-molecule devices in the nanoscale regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipankar Sutradhar
- School of Advanced Sciences and Languages, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, 466114, India
| | - Amrit Sarmah
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Regional Centre for Advanced Technologies and Materials, Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu, 1192/12, 771 46, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hobza
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo nam. 2, CZ-16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Asit K Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
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3
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Tada T. Quantum Chemical Studies on Possible Molecular Devices Based on Electric Field-Induced Intramolecular Charge Transfer. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:7297-7308. [PMID: 37638599 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c02195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
We report quantum chemical studies on possible molecular devices working based on electric field-induced intramolecular charge transfer (EFIMCT). In the case of donor-acceptor (DA)-type molecular systems, intramolecular charge transfer (IMCT) can be induced by applying the external electric field to molecular systems along the charge transport direction, providing a possible switching mechanism which does not depend upon the electron-phonon coupling effect and is different from the negative differential resistance mechanism observed in the well-known NO2-substituted phenylene ethynylene oligomers. When the EFIMCT proceeds, the molecular systems have strong static electron correlation effects, where the standard nonequilibrium Green's function-density functional theory (DFT) approach cannot be applied to the molecular junction. As a first step toward practical switching devices, we do quantum chemical studies on the EFIMCT in such molecular systems as an isolated molecule, instead of using the electrode-junction-electrode open quantum system model. A prototype molecule P1 is designed as a tentative candidate molecule where the EFIMCT can proceed. The complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) molecular orbital calculations on P1 indicate that the EFIMCT can proceed at the external electric field intensity of 0.003 au, corresponding to about 2.25 V bias voltage. This calculated result strongly suggests that the development of this type of switching devices working at practically low bias voltage is feasible if the molecular system is properly designed. Broken symmetry unrestricted Hartree-Fock and spin-polarized Kohn-Sham DFT calculations also qualitatively reproduce the CASSCF results on P1, to some extent, indicating that these approaches can be employed for rough estimations on the EFIMCT such as the first screening of a large quantity of candidate molecules for this type of molecular devices. The possibility of molecular memory devices based on the EFIMCT is also discussed by analyzing the ground and excited potential energy surface model. Remaining challenges to develop practical molecular devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Tada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Minami-Ohsawa 1-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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4
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Li L, Prindle CR, Shi W, Nuckolls C, Venkataraman L. Radical Single-Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18182-18204. [PMID: 37555594 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Radicals are unique molecular systems for applications in electronic devices due to their open-shell electronic structures. Radicals can function as good electrical conductors and switches in molecular circuits while also holding great promise in the field of molecular spintronics. However, it is both challenging to create stable, persistent radicals and to understand their properties in molecular junctions. The goal of this Perspective is to address this dual challenge by providing design principles for the synthesis of stable radicals relevant to molecular junctions, as well as offering current insight into the electronic properties of radicals in single-molecule devices. By exploring both the chemical and physical properties of established radical systems, we will facilitate increased exploration and development of radical-based molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Claudia R Prindle
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Wanzhuo Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Colin Nuckolls
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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5
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Wang Z, Li Z, Li C, Ji X, Song X, Yu X, Wang L, Hu W. Generic dynamic molecular devices by quantitative non-steady-state proton/water-coupled electron transport kinetics. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2304506120. [PMID: 37279276 PMCID: PMC10268228 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2304506120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic molecular devices operating with time- and history-dependent performance raised new challenges for the fundamental study of microscopic non-steady-state charge transport as well as functionalities that are not achievable by steady-state devices. In this study, we reported a generic dynamic mode of molecular devices by addressing the transient redox state of ubiquitous quinone molecules in the junction by proton/water transfer. The diffusion limited slow proton/water transfer-modulated fast electron transport, leading to a non-steady-state transport process, as manifested by the negative differential resistance, dynamic hysteresis, and memory-like behavior. A quantitative paradigm for the study of the non-steady-state charge transport kinetics was further developed by combining the theoretical model and transient state characterization, and the principle of the dynamic device can be revealed by the numerical simulator. On applying pulse stimulation, the dynamic device emulated the neuron synaptic response with frequency-dependent depression and facilitation, implying a great potential for future nonlinear and brain-inspired devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Zheyang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Chengtai Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin300072, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Xuan Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Xianneng Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin300072, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Lejia Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo315211, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin300072, China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, Tianjin300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou350207, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin300192, China
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6
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Zhao X, Zhang X, Yin K, Zhang S, Zhao Z, Tan M, Xu X, Zhao Z, Wang M, Xu B, Lee T, Scheer E, Xiang D. In Situ Adjustable Nanogaps and In-Plane Break Junctions. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201427. [PMID: 36732898 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability to precisely regulate the size of a nanogap is essential for establishing high-yield molecular junctions, and it is crucial for the control of optical signals in extreme optics. Although remarkable strategies for the fabrication of nanogaps are proposed, wafer-compatible nanogaps with freely adjustable gap sizes are not yet available. Herein, two approaches for constructing in situ adjustable metal gaps are proposed which allow Ångstrom modulation resolution by employing either a lateral expandable piezoelectric sheet or a stretchable membrane. These in situ adjustable nanogaps are further developed into in-plane molecular break junctions, in which the gaps can be repeatedly closed and opened thousands of times with self-assembled molecules. The conductance of the single 1,4-benzenediamine (BDA) and the BDA molecular dimer is successfully determined using the proposed strategy. The measured conductance agreeing well with the data by employing another well-established scanning tunneling microscopy break junction technique provides insight into the formation of molecule dimer via hydrogen bond at single molecule level. The wafer-compatible nanogaps and in-plane dynamical break-junctions provide a potential approach to fabricate highly compacted devices using a single molecule as a building block and supply a promising in-plane technique to address the dynamical properties of single molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xubin Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kaikai Yin
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Surong Zhang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Min Tan
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiaona Xu
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhibin Zhao
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Maoning Wang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Bingqian Xu
- College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Elke Scheer
- Department of Physics, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dong Xiang
- Institute of Modern Optics and Center of Single-Molecule Science, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-scale Optical Information Science and Technology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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7
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Guo Y, Yang C, Zhou S, Liu Z, Guo X. A Single-Molecule Memristor based on an Electric-Field-Driven Dynamical Structure Reconfiguration. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204827. [PMID: 35862243 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A robust single-molecule memristor is prepared by covalently integrating one phenol molecule with multiple binding sites into nanogapped graphene electrodes. Multilevel resistance switching is realized by the electric-field-manipulated reconfiguration of the acyl moiety on the phenol center, that is, the Fries rearrangement. In situ measurements of the reaction trajectories with an initial single substrate and an intermediate break through the limitation of macroscopic experiments, therefore unveiling both intramolecular and intermolecular mechanistic pathways (a long-term controversy) as well as comprehensive dynamic information. Based on this advance, high-performance single-molecule memristors in both the solution and solid states are achieved successively, providing a new understanding of memristive systems and neural network computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Shuyao Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Zhirong Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
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8
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Li J, Hou S, Yao YR, Zhang C, Wu Q, Wang HC, Zhang H, Liu X, Tang C, Wei M, Xu W, Wang Y, Zheng J, Pan Z, Kang L, Liu J, Shi J, Yang Y, Lambert CJ, Xie SY, Hong W. Room-temperature logic-in-memory operations in single-metallofullerene devices. NATURE MATERIALS 2022; 21:917-923. [PMID: 35835820 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-022-01309-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In-memory computing provides an opportunity to meet the growing demands of large data-driven applications such as machine learning, by colocating logic operations and data storage. Despite being regarded as the ultimate solution for high-density integration and low-power manipulation, the use of spin or electric dipole at the single-molecule level to realize in-memory logic functions has yet to be realized at room temperature, due to their random orientation. Here, we demonstrate logic-in-memory operations, based on single electric dipole flipping in a two-terminal single-metallofullerene (Sc2C2@Cs(hept)-C88) device at room temperature. By applying a low voltage of ±0.8 V to the single-metallofullerene junction, we found that the digital information recorded among the different dipole states could be reversibly encoded in situ and stored. As a consequence, 14 types of Boolean logic operation were shown from a single-metallofullerene device. Density functional theory calculations reveal that the non-volatile memory behaviour comes from dipole reorientation of the [Sc2C2] group in the fullerene cage. This proof-of-concept represents a major step towards room-temperature electrically manipulated, low-power, two-terminal in-memory logic devices and a direction for in-memory computing using nanoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Yang-Rong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chengyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Hai-Chuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hewei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xinyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mengxi Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhichao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lixing Kang
- Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Division of Advanced Materials, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
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9
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Cai K, Zhang L, Astumian RD, Stoddart JF. Radical-pairing-induced molecular assembly and motion. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:447-465. [PMID: 37118435 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Radical-pairing interactions between conjugated organic π-radicals are relative newcomers to the inventory of molecular recognition motifs explored in supramolecular chemistry. The unique electronic, magnetic, optical and redox-responsive properties of the conjugated π-radicals render molecules designed with radical-pairing interactions useful for applications in various areas of chemistry and materials science. In particular, the ability to control formation of radical cationic or anionic species, by redox stimulation, provides a flexible trigger for directed assembly and controlled molecular motions, as well as a convenient means of inputting energy to fuel non-equilibrium processes. In this Review, we provide an overview of different examples of radical-pairing-based recognition processes and of their emerging use in (1) supramolecular assembly, (2) templation of mechanically interlocked molecules, (3) stimuli-controlled molecular switches and, by incorporation of kinetic asymmetry in the design, (4) the creation of unidirectional molecular transporters based on pumping cassettes powered by fuelled switching of radical-pairing interactions. We conclude the discussion with an outlook on future directions for the field.
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10
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Jutglar Lozano K, Santiago R, Ribas-Arino J, Bromley ST. Twistable dipolar aryl rings as electric field actuated conformational molecular switches. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:3844-3855. [PMID: 33537689 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06549h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ability to control the chemical conformation of a system via external stimuli is a promising route for developing molecular switches. For eventual deployment as viable sub-nanoscale components that are compatible with current electronic device technology, conformational switching should be controllable by a local electric field (i.e. E-field gateable) and accompanied by a rapid and significant change in conductivity. In organic chemical systems the degree of π-conjugation is linked to the degree of electronic delocalisation, and thus largely determines the conductivity. Here, by means of accurate first principles calculations, we study the prototypical biphenyl based molecular system in which the dihedral angle between the two rings determines the degree of conjugation. In order to make this an E-field gateable system we create a net dipole by asymmetrically functionalising one ring with: (i) electron withdrawing (F, Br and CN), (ii) electron donating (NH2), and (iii) mixed (NH2/NO2) substituents. In this way, the application of an E-field interacts with the dipolar system to influence the dihedral angle, thus controlling the conjugation. For all considered substituents we consider a range of E-fields, and in each case extract conformational energy profiles. Using this data we obtain the minimum E-field required to induce a barrierless switching event for each system. We further extract the estimated switching speeds, the conformational probabilities at finite temperatures, and the effect of applied E-field on electronic structure. Consideration of these data allow us to assess which factors are most important in the design of efficient gateable electrical molecular switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kílian Jutglar Lozano
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computatcional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Raul Santiago
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computatcional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jordi Ribas-Arino
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computatcional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Stefan T Bromley
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física & Institut de Química Teòrica i Computatcional (IQTCUB), Universitat de Barcelona, c/Martí i Franquès 1-11, 08028 Barcelona, Spain. and Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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11
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Gao T, Pan Z, Cai Z, Zheng J, Tang C, Yuan S, Zhao SQ, Bai H, Yang Y, Shi J, Xiao Z, Liu J, Hong W. Electric field-induced switching among multiple conductance pathways in single-molecule junctions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7160-7163. [PMID: 34184023 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02111g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the switching among multiple conductance pathways achieved by sliding the scanning tunneling microscope tip among different binding sites under different electric fields. With an increase in the electric field, high molecular conductance states appear, suggesting the formation of different configurations in single-molecule junctions. The switch can be operated in situ and reversibly, which is also confirmed by the apparent conductance conversion in I-V measurements. Theoretical simulations also agree well with the experimental results, which implies that the electric field enables the possibility to trigger switching in single-molecule junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengyang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhichao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhuanyun Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Saisai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Shi Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Hua Bai
- College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zongyuan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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12
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Haidar E, Tawfik SA, Stampfl C, Hirao K, Yoshizawa K, Nakajima T, Soliman KA, El‐Nahas AM. Attenuation of Redox Switching and Rectification in Azulenequinones/Hydroquinones after B and N Doping: A First‐Principles Investigation. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202000203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- El‐Abed Haidar
- School of Physics The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | | | - Catherine Stampfl
- School of Physics The University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Kimihiko Hirao
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science 7‐1‐26 Minatojima‐minami, Chuo Kobe 650‐0047 Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering Kyushu University Nishi‐ku Fukuoka 819‐0395 Japan
| | - Takahito Nakajima
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science 7‐1‐26 Minatojima‐minami, Chuo Kobe 650‐0047 Japan
| | - Kamal A. Soliman
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Benha University Benha 13518 Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El‐Nahas
- RIKEN Center for Computational Science 7‐1‐26 Minatojima‐minami, Chuo Kobe 650‐0047 Japan
- Chemistry Department Faculty of Science Menoufia University Shebin El‐Kom 32512 Egypt
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13
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Kos D, Di Martino G, Boehmke A, de Nijs B, Berta D, Földes T, Sangtarash S, Rosta E, Sadeghi H, Baumberg JJ. Optical probes of molecules as nano-mechanical switches. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5905. [PMID: 33219231 PMCID: PMC7679449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19703-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular electronics promises a new generation of ultralow-energy information technologies, based around functional molecular junctions. Here, we report optical probing that exploits a gold nanoparticle in a plasmonic nanocavity geometry used as one terminal of a well-defined molecular junction, deposited as a self-assembled molecular monolayer on flat gold. A conductive transparent cantilever electrically contacts individual nanoparticles while maintaining optical access to the molecular junction. Optical readout of molecular structure in the junction reveals ultralow-energy switching of ∼50 zJ, from a nano-electromechanical torsion spring at the single molecule level. Real-time Raman measurements show these electronic device characteristics are directly affected by this molecular torsion, which can be explained using a simple circuit model based on junction capacitances, confirmed by density functional theory calculations. This nanomechanical degree of freedom is normally invisible and ignored in electrical transport measurements but is vital to the design and exploitation of molecules as quantum-coherent electronic nanodevices. The development of molecular electronics at single molecule level calls for new tools beyond electrical characterisation. Kos et al. show an optical probe of molecular junctions in a plasmonic nanocavity geometry, which supports in situ interrogation of molecular configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Kos
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Giuliana Di Martino
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
| | - Alexandra Boehmke
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Bart de Nijs
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Dénes Berta
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Tamás Földes
- Department of Chemistry, King's College London, London, SE1 1DB, UK
| | - Sara Sangtarash
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Edina Rosta
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- NanoPhotonics Centre, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
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14
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Kim Y. Photoswitching Molecular Junctions: Platforms and Electrical Properties. Chemphyschem 2020; 21:2368-2383. [PMID: 32777151 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202000564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Remarkable advances in technology have enabled the manipulation of individual molecules and the creation of molecular electronic devices utilizing single and ensemble molecules. Maturing the field of molecular electronics has led to the development of functional molecular devices, especially photoswitching or photochromic molecular junctions, which switch electronic properties under external light irradiation. This review introduces and summarizes the platforms for investigating the charge transport in single and ensemble photoswitching molecular junctions as well as the electronic properties of diverse photoswitching molecules such as diarylethene, azobenzene, dihydropyrene, and spiropyran. Furthermore, the article discusses the remaining challenges and the direction for moving forward in this area for future photoswitching molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngsang Kim
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA.,Current address, 7644 Ambrose way, California, 95831, USA
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15
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Mezei G, Balogh Z, Magyarkuti A, Halbritter A. Voltage-Controlled Binary Conductance Switching in Gold-4,4'-Bipyridine-Gold Single-Molecule Nanowires. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:8053-8059. [PMID: 32893638 PMCID: PMC7528405 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We investigate gold-4,4'-bipyridine-gold single-molecule junctions with the mechanically controllable break junction technique at cryogenic temperature (T = 4.2 K). We observe bistable probabilistic conductance switching between the two molecular binding configurations, influenced both by the mechanical actuation and by the applied voltage. We demonstrate that the relative dominance of the two conductance states is tunable by the electrode displacement, whereas the voltage manipulation induces an exponential speedup of both switching times. The detailed investigation of the voltage-tunable switching rates provides an insight into the possible switching mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Mezei
- Department
of Physics, Budapest University of Technology
and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Budafoki ut 8., Hungary
- MTA-BME
Condensed Matter Research Group, Budafoki
ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Z. Balogh
- Department
of Physics, Budapest University of Technology
and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Budafoki ut 8., Hungary
- MTA-BME
Condensed Matter Research Group, Budafoki
ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Magyarkuti
- Department
of Physics, Budapest University of Technology
and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Budafoki ut 8., Hungary
- MTA-BME
Condensed Matter Research Group, Budafoki
ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Halbritter
- Department
of Physics, Budapest University of Technology
and Economics, 1111 Budapest, Budafoki ut 8., Hungary
- MTA-BME
Condensed Matter Research Group, Budafoki
ut 8, 1111 Budapest, Hungary
- E-mail:
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16
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Han Y, Nickle C, Zhang Z, Astier HPAG, Duffin TJ, Qi D, Wang Z, Del Barco E, Thompson D, Nijhuis CA. Electric-field-driven dual-functional molecular switches in tunnel junctions. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:843-848. [PMID: 32483243 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
To avoid crosstalk and suppress leakage currents in resistive random access memories (RRAMs), a resistive switch and a current rectifier (diode) are usually combined in series in a one diode-one resistor (1D-1R) RRAM. However, this complicates the design of next-generation RRAM, increases the footprint of devices and increases the operating voltage as the potential drops over two consecutive junctions1. Here, we report a molecular tunnel junction based on molecules that provide an unprecedented dual functionality of diode and variable resistor, resulting in a molecular-scale 1D-1R RRAM with a current rectification ratio of 2.5 × 104 and resistive on/off ratio of 6.7 × 103, and a low drive voltage of 0.89 V. The switching relies on dimerization of redox units, resulting in hybridization of molecular orbitals accompanied by directional ion migration. This electric-field-driven molecular switch operating in the tunnelling regime enables a class of molecular devices where multiple electronic functions are preprogrammed inside a single molecular layer with a thickness of only 2 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingmei Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cameron Nickle
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ziyu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Thorin J Duffin
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dongchen Qi
- Centre for Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Enrique Del Barco
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | - Damien Thompson
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Christian A Nijhuis
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials and Graphene Research Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Tang Z, Hou S, Wu Q, Tan Z, Zheng J, Li R, Liu J, Yang Y, Sadeghi H, Shi J, Grace I, Lambert CJ, Hong W. Solvent-molecule interaction induced gating of charge transport through single-molecule junctions. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2020; 65:944-950. [PMID: 36747427 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
To explore solvent gating of single-molecule electrical conductance due to solvent-molecule interactions, charge transport through single-molecule junctions with different anchoring groups in various solvent environments was measured by using the mechanically controllable break junction technique. We found that the conductance of single-molecule junctions can be tuned by nearly an order of magnitude by varying the polarity of solvent. Furthermore, gating efficiency due to solvent-molecule interactions was found to be dependent on the choice of the anchor group. Theoretical calculations revealed that the polar solvent shifted the molecular-orbital energies, based on the coupling strength of the anchor groups. For weakly coupled molecular junctions, the polar solvent-molecule interaction was observed to reduce the energy gap between the molecular orbital and the Fermi level of the electrode and shifted the molecular orbitals. This resulted in a more significant gating effect than that of the strongly coupled molecules. This study suggested that solvent-molecule interaction can significantly affect the charge transport through single-molecule junctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Songjun Hou
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Zhibing Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Ruihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Hatef Sadeghi
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Iain Grace
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK
| | - Colin J Lambert
- Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK.
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChEM), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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18
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Han B, Li Y, Ji X, Song X, Ding S, Li B, Khalid H, Zhang Y, Xu X, Tian L, Dong H, Yu X, Hu W. Systematic Modulation of Charge Transport in Molecular Devices through Facile Control of Molecule-Electrode Coupling Using a Double Self-Assembled Monolayer Nanowire Junction. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:9708-9717. [PMID: 32362123 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We report a novel solid-state molecular device structure based on double self-assembled monolayers (D-SAM) incorporated into the suspended nanowire architecture to form a "Au|SAM-1||SAM-2|Au" junction. Using commercially available thiol molecules that are devoid of synthetic difficulty, we constructed a "Au|S-(CH2)6-ferrocene||SAM-2|Au" junction with various lengths and chemical structures of SAM-2 to tune the coupling between the ferrocene conductive molecular orbital and electrode of the junction. Combining low noise and a wide temperature range measurement, we demonstrated systematically modulated conduction depending on the length and chemical nature of SAM-2. Meanwhile, the transport mechanism transition from tunneling to hopping and the intermediate state accompanied by the current fluctuation due to the coexistence of the hopping and tunneling transport channels were observed. Considering the versatility of this solid-state D-SAM in modulating the electrode-molecule interface and electroactive groups, this strategy thus provides a novel facile strategy for tailorable nanoscale charge transport studies and functional molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Han
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yao Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xuan Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xianneng Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuaishuai Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Baili Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Hira Khalid
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaogang Zhang
- School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaona Xu
- School of Science, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Lixian Tian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
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19
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Cohen G, Galperin M. Green’s function methods for single molecule junctions. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:090901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5145210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Cohen
- The Raymond and Beverley Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
- School of Chemistry, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Michael Galperin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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20
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Tang C, Zheng J, Ye Y, Liu J, Chen L, Yan Z, Chen Z, Chen L, Huang X, Bai J, Chen Z, Shi J, Xia H, Hong W. Electric-Field-Induced Connectivity Switching in Single-Molecule Junctions. iScience 2019; 23:100770. [PMID: 31954978 PMCID: PMC6970166 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The manipulation of molecule-electrode interaction is essential for the fabrication of molecular devices and determines the connectivity from electrodes to molecular components. Although the connectivity of molecular devices could be controlled by molecular design to place anchor groups in different positions of molecule backbones, the reversible switching of such connectivities remains challenging. Here, we develop an electric-field-induced strategy to switch the connectivity of single-molecule junctions reversibly, leading to the manipulation of different connectivities in the same molecular backbone. Our results offer a new concept of single-molecule manipulation and provide a feasible strategy to regulate molecule-electrode interaction. A strategy to in-situ switch the connectivity of single-molecule junctions A concept to manipulate the molecule-electrode interaction A molecular switch triggered by the varying of electric field Experiments were combined with calculations to probe the switching mechanism
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Yiling Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Lijue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Zhewei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Lichuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Jie Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Zhaobin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China.
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, 361005 Xiamen, China.
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21
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Fujii S, Koike M, Nishino T, Shoji Y, Suzuki T, Fukushima T, Kiguchi M. Electric-Field-Controllable Conductance Switching of an Overcrowded Ethylene Self-Assembled Monolayer. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18544-18550. [PMID: 31670509 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b09233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Molecular isomerism has been discussed from the viewpoint of the tiniest switch and memory elements in electronics. Here, we report an overcrowded ethylene-based molecular conductance switch, which fulfills all the essential requirements for implementation into electronic devices, namely, electric-field-controllable reversible conductance change with a molecular-level spatial resolution, robust conformational bistability under ambient conditions, and ordered monolayer formation on electrode surfaces. The conformational state of this overcrowded ethylene, represented by a folded or twisted conformer, is susceptible to external environments. Nanoscopic measurements using scanning tunneling microscopy techniques, together with theoretical simulations, revealed the electronic properties of each conformer adsorbed on Au(111). While the twisted conformer prevails in the molecularly dispersed state, upon self-assembly into a monolayer, a two-dimensional network structure of the folded conformer is preferentially formed due to particular intermolecular interaction. In the monolayer state, folded-to-twisted and its reverse isomerization can be controlled by the modulation of electric fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Fujii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | - Tomoaki Nishino
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Shoji
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Takanori Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , Hokkaido University , Sapporo , Hokkaido 060-0810 , Japan
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta , Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8503 , Japan
| | - Manabu Kiguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 2-12-1 W4-10 Ookayama , Meguro-ku , Tokyo 152-8551 , Japan
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22
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Wang G, Zeng BF, Zhao SQ, Qian QZ, Hong W, Yang Y. Application of electrochemistry to single-molecule junctions: from construction to modulation. Sci China Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-019-9523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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Fung ED, Gelbwaser D, Taylor J, Low J, Xia J, Davydenko I, Campos LM, Marder S, Peskin U, Venkataraman L. Breaking Down Resonance: Nonlinear Transport and the Breakdown of Coherent Tunneling Models in Single Molecule Junctions. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:2555-2561. [PMID: 30821465 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b00316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The promise of the field of single-molecule electronics is to reveal a new class of quantum devices that leverages the strong electronic interactions inherent to subnanometer scale systems. Here, we form Au-molecule-Au junctions using a custom scanning tunneling microscope and explore charge transport through current-voltage measurements. We focus on the resonant tunneling regime of two molecules, one that is primarily an electron conductor and one that conducts primarily holes. We find that in the high bias regime, junctions that do not rupture demonstrate reproducible and pronounced negative differential resistance (NDR)-like features followed by hysteresis with peak-to-valley ratios exceeding 100 in some cases. Furthermore, we show that both junction rupture and NDR are induced by charging of the molecular orbital dominating transport and find that the charging is reversible at lower bias and with time with kinetic time scales on the order of hundreds of milliseconds. We argue that these results cannot be explained by existing models of charge transport and likely require theoretical advances describing the transition from coherent to sequential tunneling. Our work also suggests new rules for operating single-molecule devices at high bias to obtain highly nonlinear behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-Dean Fung
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - David Gelbwaser
- Department of Chemistry , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 United States
| | - Jeffrey Taylor
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Jonathan Low
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Jianlong Xia
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, and Life Science , Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Iryna Davydenko
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0400 , United States
| | - Luis M Campos
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
| | - Seth Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332-0400 , United States
| | - Uri Peskin
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry , Technion-Israel Institute of Technology , Haifa 32000 , Israel
| | - Latha Venkataraman
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Columbia University , New York , New York 10027 , United States
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24
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Yang Y, Gu C, Li J. Sub-5 nm Metal Nanogaps: Physical Properties, Fabrication Methods, and Device Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804177. [PMID: 30589217 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sub-5 nm metal nanogaps have attracted widespread attention in physics, chemistry, material sciences, and biology due to their physical properties, including great plasmon-enhanced effects in light-matter interactions and charge tunneling, Coulomb blockade, and the Kondo effect under an electrical stimulus. These properties especially meet the needs of many cutting-edge devices, such as sensing, optical, molecular, and electronic devices. However, fabricating sub-5 nm nanogaps is still challenging at the present, and scaled and reliable fabrication, improved addressability, and multifunction integration are desired for further applications in commercial devices. The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of sub-5 nm nanogaps and to present recent advancements in metal nanogaps, including their physical properties, fabrication methods, and device applications, with the ultimate aim to further inspire scientists and engineers in their research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Changzhi Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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25
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Abstract
One of the fundamental challenges in molecular-scale sensors is the junction to junction variability leading to variations in their electrical conductance by up to a few orders of magnitude. In contrast, thermal voltage measurements of single and many molecule junctions show that this variation in the Seebeck coefficient is smaller. Particularly, the sign of the Seebeck coefficient is often resilient against conformational changes. In this paper, we demonstrate that this robust molecular feature can be utilised in an entirely new direction of discriminating molecular sensing of gas and bio-molecules. We show that the positive sign of the Seebeck coefficient in the presence of cytosine nucleobases changes to a negative one when cancerous cytosine nucleobases were absorbed on the molecular wire formed by metalloporphyrins. Furthermore, the sign of the Seebeck coefficient changes when chlorine gas interacts with the Mn-porphyrin molecular wire. The change in the sign of Seebeck coefficient is due to the formation of spin driven bound states with energies close to the Fermi energy of electrodes. Seebeck sensing is a generic concept and opens new avenues for molecular sensing with huge potential applications in the years ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatef Sadeghi
- Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, UK.
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26
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In-situ formation of one-dimensional coordination polymers in molecular junctions. Nat Commun 2019; 10:262. [PMID: 30651534 PMCID: PMC6335403 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08025-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the bottom-up in-situ formation of organometallic oligomer chains at the single-molecule level. The chains are formed using the mechanically controllable break junction technique operated in a liquid environment, and consist of alternating isocyano-terminated benzene monomers coordinated to gold atoms. We show that the chaining process is critically determined by the surface density of molecules. In particular, we demonstrate that by reducing the local supply of molecules within the junction, either by lowering the molecular concentration or by adding side groups, the oligomerization process can be suppressed. Our experimental results are supported by ab-initio simulations, confirming that the isocyano terminating groups display a high tendency to form molecular chains, as a result of their high affinity for gold. Our findings open the road for the controlled formation of one-dimensional, single coordination-polymer chains as promising model systems of organometallic frameworks. Organometallic frameworks have raised considerable interest in the area of nanoelectronics, but they are usually prepared at the ensemble level resulting in limited control. Vladyka et al. control the formation of single oligomer chains, unit by unit, in a mechanically controllable break-junction setup.
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27
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Electrostatic Gate Control in Molecular Transistors. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2018; 376:37. [PMID: 30194540 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-018-0215-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Molecular transistors, in which single molecules serve as active channel components in a three-terminal device geometry, constitute the building blocks of molecular scale electronic circuits. To demonstrate such devices, a gate electrode has been incorporated in several test beds of molecular electronics. The frontier orbitals' alignments of a molecular transistor can be delicately tuned by modifying the molecular orbital energy with the gate electrode. In this review, we described electrostatic gate control of solid-state molecular transistors. In particular, we focus on recent experimental accomplishments in fabrication and characterization of molecular transistors.
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28
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Ansbro S, Moreno-Pineda E, Yu W, Ollivier J, Mutka H, Ruben M, Chiesa A. Magnetic properties of transition metal dimers probed by inelastic neutron scattering. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:11953-11959. [PMID: 30074034 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt02570c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The physical characterisation and understanding of molecular magnetic materials is one of the most important steps towards the integration of such systems in hybrid spintronic devices. Amongst the many characterisation techniques employed in such a task, Inelastic Neutron Scattering (INS) stands as one of the most powerful and sensitive tools to investigate their spin dynamics. Herein, the magnetic properties and spin dynamics of two dinuclear complexes, namely [(M(hfacac)2)2(bpym)] (where M = Ni2+, Co2+, abbreviated in the following as Ni2, Co2) are reported. These are model systems that could constitute fundamental units of future spintronic devices. By exploiting the highly sensitive IN5 Cold INS spectrometer, we are able to gain a deep insight into the spin dynamics of Ni2 and to fully obtain the microscopic spin Hamiltonian parameters; while for Co2, a multitude of INS transitions are observed demonstrating the complexity of the magnetic properties of octahedral cobalt-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Ansbro
- School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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29
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Younis A, Li S. Microscopic investigations of switching phenomenon in memristive systems: a mini review. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28763-28774. [PMID: 35542462 PMCID: PMC9084341 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra05340e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistive switching memories have been regarded as one of the most up and coming memory systems and researchers have shown great interest in them because of their simple structure, high speed and low fabrication cost. These memory systems also have great potential for scaling, however, this has been difficult to achieve without detailed understanding of underlying switching mechanisms. Meanwhile, scaling down could also raise reliability concerns in its performance. This work provides an overview of various switching mechanisms and their investigations at nanoscale levels using high resolution microscopy techniques. In this mini review, the main focus was to understand the working mechanism derived from the so-called filament model. The high resolution conductive atomic force microscope, transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopes are the best tools available to investigate the dynamics of filamentary switching. Several issues with the existing techniques are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Younis
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 NSW Australia
| | - Sean Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales Sydney 2052 NSW Australia
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30
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Hoy EP, Mazziotti DA, Seideman T. Development and application of a 2-electron reduced density matrix approach to electron transport via molecular junctions. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:184110. [PMID: 29141419 DOI: 10.1063/1.4986804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Can an electronic device be constructed using only a single molecule? Since this question was first asked by Aviram and Ratner in the 1970s [Chem. Phys. Lett. 29, 277 (1974)], the field of molecular electronics has exploded with significant experimental advancements in the understanding of the charge transport properties of single molecule devices. Efforts to explain the results of these experiments and identify promising new candidate molecules for molecular devices have led to the development of numerous new theoretical methods including the current standard theoretical approach for studying single molecule charge transport, i.e., the non-equilibrium Green's function formalism (NEGF). By pairing this formalism with density functional theory (DFT), a wide variety of transport problems in molecular junctions have been successfully treated. For some systems though, the conductance and current-voltage curves predicted by common DFT functionals can be several orders of magnitude above experimental results. In addition, since density functional theory relies on approximations to the exact exchange-correlation functional, the predicted transport properties can show significant variation depending on the functional chosen. As a first step to addressing this issue, the authors have replaced density functional theory in the NEGF formalism with a 2-electron reduced density matrix (2-RDM) method, creating a new approach known as the NEGF-RDM method. 2-RDM methods provide a more accurate description of electron correlation compared to density functional theory, and they have lower computational scaling compared to wavefunction based methods of similar accuracy. Additionally, 2-RDM methods are capable of capturing static electron correlation which is untreatable by existing NEGF-DFT methods. When studying dithiol alkane chains and dithiol benzene in model junctions, the authors found that the NEGF-RDM predicts conductances and currents that are 1-2 orders of magnitude below those of B3LYP and M06 DFT functionals. This suggests that the NEGF-RDM method could be a viable alternative to NEGF-DFT for molecular junction calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P Hoy
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - David A Mazziotti
- Department of Chemistry and The James Frank Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Tamar Seideman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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31
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Liu B, Tsutsui M, Taniguchi M. Measuring Single-Molecule Conductance at An Ultra-Low Molecular Concentration in Vacuum. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:mi9060282. [PMID: 30424215 PMCID: PMC6187610 DOI: 10.3390/mi9060282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We report on systematic investigation of single-molecule detection mechanisms in break junction experiments in vacuum. We found molecular feature in the conductance traces at an extremely low concentration of molecules of 10 nM. This was attributed to condensation of the molecular solution on the junction surface upon evaporation of the solvent during evacuation. Furthermore, statistical analyses of the temporal dependence of molecular junction formation probabilities suggested accumulation effects of the contact mechanics to concentrate molecules absorbed on a remote area to the tunneling current sensing zone, which also contributed to the capability of molecular detections at the low concentration condition. The present findings can be used as a useful guide to implement break junction measurements for studying electron and heat transport through single molecules in vacuum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Makusu Tsutsui
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Masateru Taniguchi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan.
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32
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Wang H, Thoss M. A multilayer multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree study of the nonequilibrium Anderson impurity model at zero temperature. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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33
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Dou W, Schinabeck C, Thoss M, Subotnik JE. A broadened classical master equation approach for treating electron-nuclear coupling in non-equilibrium transport. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:102317. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4992784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Christian Schinabeck
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Thoss
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Interdisciplinary Center for Molecular Materials, University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstr. 7/B2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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34
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Thoss M, Evers F. Perspective: Theory of quantum transport in molecular junctions. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:030901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5003306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Thoss
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ferdinand Evers
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstr. 31, D-93053 Regensburg, Germany
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35
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Gu C, Wang H, Sun H, Liao J, Hou S, Guo X. Origin and mechanism analysis of asymmetric current fluctuations in single-molecule junctions. RSC Adv 2018; 8:39408-39413. [PMID: 35558058 PMCID: PMC9090728 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra08508k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The measurements of molecular electronic devices usually suffer from serious noise. Although noise hampers the operation of electric circuits in most cases, current fluctuations in single-molecule junctions are essentially related to their intrinsic quantum effects in the process of electron transport. Noise analysis can reveal and understand these processes from the behavior of current fluctuations. Here, in this study we observe and analyze the faint asymmetric current distribution in single-molecule junctions, in which the asymmetric intensity is highly related to the applied biases. The exploration of high-order moments within bias and temperature dependent measurements, in combination with model Hamiltonian calculations, statistically prove that the asymmetric current distribution originates from the inelastic electron tunneling process. Such results demonstrate a potential noise analysis method based on the fine structures of the current distribution rather than the noise power, which has obvious advantages in the investigation of the inelastic electron tunneling process in single-molecule junctions. The asymmetric current noise in a single-molecule device was observed, which is relevant to an inelastic electron transport process.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Gu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices
- Department of Electronics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- P. R. China
| | - Hantao Sun
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices
- Department of Electronics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Liao
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices
- Department of Electronics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- P. R. China
| | - Shimin Hou
- Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices
- Department of Electronics
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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36
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Li R, Lu Z, Cai Y, Jiang F, Tang C, Chen Z, Zheng J, Pi J, Zhang R, Liu J, Chen ZB, Yang Y, Shi J, Hong W, Xia H. Switching of Charge Transport Pathways via Delocalization Changes in Single-Molecule Metallacycles Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14344-14347. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Li
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhengyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuanting Cai
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Chun Tang
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhixin Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jueting Zheng
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jiuchan Pi
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Junyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Zhao-Bin Chen
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jia Shi
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Wenjing Hong
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haiping Xia
- State Key Laboratory
of Physical
Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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37
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Le Pleux L, Kapatsina E, Hildesheim J, Häussinger D, Mayor M. A Molecular Turnstile as an E
-Field-Triggered Single-Molecule Switch: Concept and Synthesis. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Le Pleux
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Kapatsina
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Julia Hildesheim
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of Chemistry; University of Basel; St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT); Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM); Sun Yat-Sen University; Guangzhou P. R. China
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38
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Dou W, Subotnik JE. A Generalized Surface Hopping Algorithm To Model Nonadiabatic Dynamics near Metal Surfaces: The Case of Multiple Electronic Orbitals. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:2430-2439. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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39
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Dou W, Subotnik JE. Electronic friction near metal surfaces: A case where molecule-metal couplings depend on nuclear coordinates. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4965823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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40
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Chen F, Ochoa MA, Galperin M. Nonequilibrium diagrammatic technique for Hubbard Green functions. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4965825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Chen
- Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Maicol A. Ochoa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Michael Galperin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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41
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Wang K, Xu B. Modulation and Control of Charge Transport Through Single-Molecule Junctions. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2017; 375:17. [PMID: 28120303 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-017-0105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ability to modulate and control charge transport though single-molecule junction devices is crucial to achieving the ultimate goal of molecular electronics: constructing real-world-applicable electronic components from single molecules. This review aims to highlight the progress made in single-molecule electronics, emphasizing the development of molecular junction electronics in recent years. Among many techniques that attempt to wire a molecule to metallic electrodes, the single-molecule break junction (SMBJ) technique is one of the most reliable and tunable experimental platforms for achieving metal-molecule-metal configurations. It also provides great freedom to tune charge transport through the junction. Soon after the SMBJ technique was introduced, it was extensively used to measure the conductances of individual molecules; however, different conductances were obtained for the same molecule, and it proved difficult to interpret this wide distribution of experimental data. This phenomenon was later found to be mainly due to a lack of precise experimental control and advanced data analysis methods. In recent years, researchers have directed considerable effort into advancing the SMBJ technique by gaining a deeper physical understanding of charge transport through single molecules and thus enhancing its potential applicability in functional molecular-scale electronic devices, such as molecular diodes and molecular transistors. In parallel with that research, novel data analysis methods and approaches that enable the discovery of hidden yet important features in the data are being developed. This review discusses various aspects of molecular junction electronics, from the initial goal of molecular electronics, the development of experimental techniques for creating single-molecule junctions and determining single-molecule conductance, to the characterization of functional current-voltage features and the investigation of physical properties other than charge transport. In addition, the development of advanced data analysis methods is considered, as they are critical to gaining detailed physical insight into the underlying transport mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and NanoSEC, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Bingqian Xu
- College of Engineering and NanoSEC, University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
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42
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Theoretical study on the mechanism of reactions of CX3 radicals (X = H, F, Cl and Br) with C20H20 and C20F20 fullerenes. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.07.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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43
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Wang H, Thoss M. On the accuracy of the noninteracting electron approximation for vibrationally coupled electron transport. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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44
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Wang Q, Liu R, Xiang D, Sun M, Zhao Z, Sun L, Mei T, Wu P, Liu H, Guo X, Li ZL, Lee T. Single-Atom Switches and Single-Atom Gaps Using Stretched Metal Nanowires. ACS NANO 2016; 10:9695-9702. [PMID: 27704783 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b05676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing individual atoms or molecules as functional units in electronic circuits meets the increasing technical demands for the miniaturization of traditional semiconductor devices. To be of technological interest, these functional devices should be high-yield, consume low amounts of energy, and operate at room temperature. In this study, we developed nanodevices called quantized conductance atomic switches (QCAS) that satisfy these requirements. The QCAS operates by applying a feedback-controlled voltage to a nanoconstriction within a stretched nanowire. We demonstrated that individual metal atoms could be removed from the nanoconstriction and that the removed metal atoms could be refilled into the nanoconstriction, thus yielding a reversible quantized conductance switch. We determined the key parameters for the QCAS between the "on" and "off" states at room temperature under a small operating voltage. By controlling the applied bias voltage, the atoms can be further completely removed from the constriction to break the nanowire, generating single-atom nanogaps. These atomic nanogaps are quite stable under a sweeping voltage and can be readjusted with subangstrom accuracy, thus fulfilling the requirement of both reliability and flexibility for the high-yield fabrication of molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ran Liu
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mingyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhikai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tingting Mei
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University , Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zong-Liang Li
- College of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University , Jinan 250014, China
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University , Seoul 08826, Korea
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45
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Zhang H, Dai X, Guan N, Messanvi A, Neplokh V, Piazza V, Vallo M, Bougerol C, Julien FH, Babichev A, Cavassilas N, Bescond M, Michelini F, Foldyna M, Gautier E, Durand C, Eymery J, Tchernycheva M. Flexible Photodiodes Based on Nitride Core/Shell p-n Junction Nanowires. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:26198-26206. [PMID: 27615556 PMCID: PMC5054459 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A flexible nitride p-n photodiode is demonstrated. The device consists of a composite nanowire/polymer membrane transferred onto a flexible substrate. The active element for light sensing is a vertical array of core/shell p-n junction nanowires containing InGaN/GaN quantum wells grown by MOVPE. Electron/hole generation and transport in core/shell nanowires are modeled within nonequilibrium Green function formalism showing a good agreement with experimental results. Fully flexible transparent contacts based on a silver nanowire network are used for device fabrication, which allows bending the detector to a few millimeter curvature radius without damage. The detector shows a photoresponse at wavelengths shorter than 430 nm with a peak responsivity of 0.096 A/W at 370 nm under zero bias. The operation speed for a 0.3 × 0.3 cm2 detector patch was tested between 4 Hz and 2 kHz. The -3 dB cutoff was found to be ∼35 Hz, which is faster than the operation speed for typical photoconductive detectors and which is compatible with UV monitoring applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hezhi Zhang
- Centre
de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, UMR9001 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Xing Dai
- Centre
de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, UMR9001 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Nan Guan
- Centre
de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, UMR9001 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Agnes Messanvi
- Centre
de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, UMR9001 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
- “Nanophysique
et Semiconducteurs” group, CEA, INAC-SP2M, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Vladimir Neplokh
- Centre
de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, UMR9001 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Valerio Piazza
- Centre
de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, UMR9001 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Martin Vallo
- “Nanophysique
et Semiconducteurs” group, CEA, INAC-SP2M, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Catherine Bougerol
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
- “Nanophysique
et Semiconducteurs” group, CEA, INAC-SP2M, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - François H. Julien
- Centre
de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, UMR9001 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
| | - Andrey Babichev
- Centre
de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, UMR9001 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
- ITMO
University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Nicolas Cavassilas
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS, Université
de Toulon, IM2NP UMR
7334, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Marc Bescond
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS, Université
de Toulon, IM2NP UMR
7334, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Fabienne Michelini
- Aix Marseille
Université, CNRS, Université
de Toulon, IM2NP UMR
7334, 13397 Marseille, France
| | - Martin Foldyna
- LPICM-CNRS,
Laboratoire de Physique des Interfaces et Couches Minces, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau 91128, France
| | - Eric Gautier
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
- CEA,
INAC-SPINTEC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Durand
- Université
Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
- “Nanophysique
et Semiconducteurs” group, CEA, INAC-SP2M, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Joël Eymery
- “Nanophysique
et Semiconducteurs” group, CEA, INAC-SP2M, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Maria Tchernycheva
- Centre
de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, UMR9001 CNRS, University Paris Sud, University Paris Saclay, Orsay 91405, France
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46
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Schwarz F, Koch M, Kastlunger G, Berke H, Stadler R, Venkatesan K, Lörtscher E. Charge Transport and Conductance Switching of Redox-Active Azulene Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:11781-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schwarz
- Science and Technology Department; IBM Research - Zürich; Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
| | - Michael Koch
- Chemie Departement; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Georg Kastlunger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik; TU Wien - Vienna University of Technology; Wiedner Haupstrasse 8-10 Vienna 1040 Austria
| | - Heinz Berke
- Chemie Departement; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Robert Stadler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik; TU Wien - Vienna University of Technology; Wiedner Haupstrasse 8-10 Vienna 1040 Austria
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- Chemie Departement; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Lörtscher
- Science and Technology Department; IBM Research - Zürich; Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon Switzerland
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47
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Schwarz F, Koch M, Kastlunger G, Berke H, Stadler R, Venkatesan K, Lörtscher E. Ladungstransport und Leitfähigkeitsschalten von redoxaktiven Azulen-Derivaten. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201605559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schwarz
- Science and Technology Department; IBM Research - Zürich; Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon Schweiz
| | - Michael Koch
- Chemie Departement; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Georg Kastlunger
- Institut für Theoretische Physik; TU Wien - Vienna University of Technology; Wiedner Haupstrasse 8-10 Wien 1040 Österreich
| | - Heinz Berke
- Chemie Departement; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Robert Stadler
- Institut für Theoretische Physik; TU Wien - Vienna University of Technology; Wiedner Haupstrasse 8-10 Wien 1040 Österreich
| | - Koushik Venkatesan
- Chemie Departement; University of Zurich; Winterthurerstrasse 190 8057 Zürich Schweiz
| | - Emanuel Lörtscher
- Science and Technology Department; IBM Research - Zürich; Säumerstrasse 4 8803 Rüschlikon Schweiz
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48
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Kastlunger G, Stadler R. Bias-induced conductance switching in single molecule junctions containing a redox-active transition metal complex. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2016; 147:1675-1686. [PMID: 27729711 PMCID: PMC5028406 DOI: 10.1007/s00706-016-1795-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The paper provides a comprehensive theoretical description of electron transport through transition metal complexes in single molecule junctions, where the main focus is on an analysis of the structural parameters responsible for bias-induced conductance switching as found in recent experiments, where an interpretation was provided by our simulations. The switching could be theoretically explained by a two-channel model combining coherent electron transport and electron hopping, where the underlying mechanism could be identified as a charging of the molecule in the junction made possible by the presence of a localized electronic state on the transition metal center. In this article, we present a framework for the description of an electron hopping-based switching process within the semi-classical Marcus-Hush theory, where all relevant quantities are calculated on the basis of density functional theory (DFT). Additionally, structural aspects of the junction and their respective importance for the occurrence of irreversible switching are discussed. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Kastlunger
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Stadler
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Vienna University of Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
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49
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Xiang D, Wang X, Jia C, Lee T, Guo X. Molecular-Scale Electronics: From Concept to Function. Chem Rev 2016; 116:4318-440. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 816] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xiang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key
Laboratory of Optical Information Science and Technology, Institute
of Modern Optics, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Takhee Lee
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, and Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for
Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry
and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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50
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Dou W, Nitzan A, Subotnik JE. Molecular electronic states near metal surfaces at equilibrium using potential of mean force and numerical renormalization group methods: Hysteresis revisited. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:074109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4941848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Abraham Nitzan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- School of Chemistry, The Sackler Faculty of Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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