1
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Jin G, Upreti N, Rich J, Xia J, Zhao C, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscopy with a large field of view. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:59. [PMID: 38736715 PMCID: PMC11081950 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Large-field nanoscale fluorescence imaging is invaluable for many applications, such as imaging subcellular structures, visualizing protein interactions, and high-resolution tissue imaging. Unfortunately, conventional fluorescence microscopy requires a trade-off between resolution and field of view due to the nature of the optics used to form the image. To overcome this barrier, we developed an acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscope that simultaneously achieves superior resolution, a large field of view, and strong fluorescent signals. The acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscope utilizes the superresolution capabilities of microspheres that are controlled by a programmable acoustofluidic device for rapid fluorescence enhancement and imaging. The acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscope resolves structures that cannot be resolved with conventional fluorescence microscopes with the same objective lens and enhances the fluorescent signal by a factor of ~5 without altering the field of view of the image. The improved resolution realized with enhanced fluorescent signals and the large field of view achieved via acoustofluidic scanning fluorescence nanoscopy provides a powerful tool for versatile nanoscale fluorescence imaging for researchers in the fields of medicine, biology, biophysics, and biomedical engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonsoo Jin
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Neil Upreti
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | | | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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2
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Nelmark CE, Serrano AL. A Simple Doublet Lens Design for Mid-Infrared Imaging. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024:37028241250030. [PMID: 38693755 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241250030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Wide-field mid-infrared (MIR) hyperspectral imaging offers a promising approach for studying heterogeneous chemical systems due to its ability to independently characterize the molecular properties of different regions of a sample. However, applications of wide-field MIR microscopy are limited to spatial resolutions no better than ∼1 μm. While methods exist to overcome the classical diffraction limit of ∼λ/2, chromatic aberration from transmissive imaging reduces the achievable resolution. Here we describe the design and implementation of a simple MIR achromatic lens combination that we believe will aid in the development of resolution-enhanced wide-field MIR hyperspectral optical and chemical absorption imaging. We also examine the use of this doublet lens to image through polystyrene microspheres, an emerging and simple means for enhancing spatial resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Nelmark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Arnaldo L Serrano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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3
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Abbasian V, Darafsheh A. A dataset of digital holograms of normal and thalassemic cells. Sci Data 2024; 11:3. [PMID: 38168104 PMCID: PMC10762191 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02818-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is an intriguing medical diagnostic tool due to its label-free and quantitative nature, providing high-contrast images of phase samples. By capturing both intensity and phase information, DHM enables the numerical reconstruction of quantitative phase images. However, the lateral resolution is limited by the diffraction limit, which prompted the recent suggestion of microsphere-assisted DHM to enhance the DHM resolution straightforwardly. The use of such a technique as a medical diagnostic tool requires testing and validation of the proposed assays to prove their feasibility and viability. This paper publishes 760 and 609 microsphere-assisted DHM images of normal and thalassemic red blood cells obtained from a normal and thalassemic male individual, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Abbasian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Imaging Science Program, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, USA.
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran.
| | - Arash Darafsheh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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4
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Karmakar T, Chakraborty A, Vamivakas AN, Jordan AN. Supergrowth and sub-wavelength object imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:37174-37185. [PMID: 38017852 DOI: 10.1364/oe.504155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
We further develop the concept of supergrowth [Quantum Stud.: Math. Found.7, 285 (2020)10.1007/s40509-019-00214-5], a phenomenon complementary to superoscillation, defined as the local amplitude growth rate of a function higher than its largest wavenumber. We identify a canonical oscillatory function's superoscillating and supergrowing regions and find the maximum values of local growth rate and wavenumber. Next, we provide a quantitative comparison of lengths and relevant intensities between the superoscillating and the supergrowing regions of a canonical oscillatory function. Our analysis shows that the supergrowing regions contain intensities that are exponentially larger in terms of the highest local wavenumber compared to the superoscillating regions. Finally, we prescribe methods to reconstruct a sub-wavelength object from the imaging data using both superoscillatory and supergrowing point spread functions. Our investigation provides an experimentally preferable alternative to the superoscillation-based superresolution schemes and is relevant to cutting-edge research in far-field sub-wavelength imaging.
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5
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Zhang P, Zhan T, Xue S, Yang H. Microlens-Assisted Light-Scattering Imaging of Plasmonic Nanoparticles at the Single Particle Level. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:871. [PMID: 37754105 PMCID: PMC10526809 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a microlens-assisted imaging approach to record the scattering light of plasmonic nanoparticles at the single particle level. The microlens can significantly enhance the backscattering of visible light from individual plasmonic nanoparticles by several dozen folds, and single gold nanoparticles with a diameter as low as 60 nm can be imaged under a conventional optical microscope. This can benefit from a significant increase in the scattering intensity afforded by the microlens, meaning that the imaging of gold nanoparticles at a high temporal resolution (up to 5000 Hz) can be achieved, which is fast enough to record single particle adhesion events on the substrate. This research presents a fast and efficient means of acquiring scattering light from plasmonic nanoparticles, which has great potential to develop plasmonic nanoparticle-based biosensors and investigate a wide range of plasmonic nanoparticle-based fast interaction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hui Yang
- Bionic and Intelligence Sensing Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518052, China; (P.Z.); (T.Z.)
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6
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Luo H, Wang X, Wen Y, Li S, Zhang T, Jiang C, Wang F, Liu L, Yu H. Self-Sensing Scanning Superlens for Three-Dimensional Noninvasive Visible-Light Nanoscale Imaging on Complex Surfaces. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4311-4317. [PMID: 37155371 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c00549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Microsphere-assisted super-resolution imaging technology offers label-free, real-time dynamic imaging via white light, which has potential applications in living systems and the nanoscale detection of semiconductor chips. Scanning can aid in overcoming the limitations of the imaging area of a single microsphere superlens. However, the current scanning imaging method based on the microsphere superlens cannot achieve super-resolution optical imaging of complex curved surfaces. Unfortunately, most natural surfaces are composed of complex curved surfaces at the microscale. In this study, we developed a method to overcome this limitation through a microsphere superlens with a feedback capability. By maintaining a constant force between the microspheres and the sample, noninvasive super-resolution optical imaging of complex abiotic and biological surfaces was achieved, and the three-dimensional information on the sample was simultaneously obtained. The proposed method significantly expands the universality of scanning microsphere superlenses for samples and promotes their widespread use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoduo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yangdong Wen
- Institute of Urban Rail Transportation, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Shendi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China
| | - Tianyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaodi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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7
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Maslov AV, Jin B, Astratov VN. Wave optics of imaging with contact ball lenses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6688. [PMID: 37095148 PMCID: PMC10126004 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32826-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in microspherical superlens nanoscopy raises a fundamental question about the transition from super-resolution properties of mesoscale microspheres, which can provide a subwavelength resolution [Formula: see text], to macroscale ball lenses, for which the imaging quality degrades because of aberrations. To address this question, this work develops a theory describing the imaging by contact ball lenses with diameters [Formula: see text] covering this transition range and for a broad range of refractive indices [Formula: see text]. Starting from geometrical optics we subsequently proceed to an exact numerical solution of the Maxwell equations explaining virtual and real image formation as well as magnification M and resolution near the critical index [Formula: see text] which is of interest for applications demanding the highest M such as cellphone microscopy. The wave effects manifest themselves in a strong dependence of the image plane position and magnification on [Formula: see text], for which a simple analytical formula is derived. It is demonstrated that a subwavelength resolution is achievable at [Formula: see text]. The theory explains the results of experimental contact-ball imaging. The understanding of the physical mechanisms of image formation revealed in this study creates a basis for developing applications of contact ball lenses in cellphone-based microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Maslov
- Department of Radiophysics, University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, 603022, Russia.
| | - B Jin
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28233-0001, USA
| | - V N Astratov
- Department of Physics and Optical Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, 28233-0001, USA
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8
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Fan W, Dong Y, Ren W, Liu C. Single microentity analysis-based ultrasensitive bioassays: Recent advances, applications, and perspectives. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.117035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
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9
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Darafsheh A, Abbasian V. Dielectric microspheres enhance microscopy resolution mainly due to increasing the effective numerical aperture. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:22. [PMID: 36627286 PMCID: PMC9832005 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microsphere-assisted microscopy utilizing a microsphere in immediate proximity of the specimen boosts the imaging resolution mainly as a result of an increase in the effective numerical aperture of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Darafsheh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Vahid Abbasian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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10
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Li S, Luo H, Liu F, Zhang T, Wang X, Liu L, Yu H. Imaging properties of microsphere superlenses with varying background refractive indices under inclined illumination. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:5857-5860. [PMID: 37219120 DOI: 10.1364/ol.474249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microsphere lenses can overcome the optical diffraction limit and can be used to observe features smaller than 200 nm under white light. Inclined illumination benefits from the second refraction of evanescent waves in the microsphere cavity, prohibiting the influence of background noise and improving the imaging resolution and quality of the microsphere superlens. Currently, there is a consensus that microspheres immersed in a liquid environment can improve imaging quality. Microsphere imaging under inclined illumination is performed using barium titanate microspheres immersed in an aqueous environment. However, the background medium of a microlens varies depending on its diverse applications. In this study, the effects of continuously changing background media on the imaging properties of microsphere lens under inclined illumination are investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the axial position of the microsphere photonic nanojet changes with respect to the background medium. Consequently, owing to the refractive index of the background medium, the imaging magnification and the position of the virtual image change. Using a sucrose solution and polydimethylsiloxane with the same refractive index, we demonstrate that the imaging performance of microspheres is related to the refractive index rather than the background medium type. This study helps associate microsphere superlenses with a more universal application spectrum.
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11
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Trukhova A, Pavlova M, Sinitsyna O, Yaminsky I. Microlens-assisted microscopy for biology and medicine. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2022; 15:e202200078. [PMID: 35691020 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.202200078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The addition of dielectric transparent microlens in the optical scheme is an effective and at the same time simple and inexpensive way to increase the resolution of a light microscope. For these purposes, spherical and cylindrical microlenses with a diameter of 1-100 μm are usually used. The microlens focuses the light into a narrow beam called a photonic nanojet. An enlarged virtual image is formed, which is captured by the objective of the light microscope. In addition to microscopy, the microlenses are successfully applied to amplify optical signals, increase the trapping force of optical tweezers and are used in microsurgery. This review considers the design and principle of microlens-assisted microscopes. Taking into account the advantages of the super-resolution optical methods for research in life science, the examples of the use of the microlenses in biomedical practice are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Olga Sinitsyna
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Yaminsky
- Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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12
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Zhang J, Han G, Yang Z, Xie S, Zhan K. Photonic Hooks Generated by a Concave Micro-Cylinder Based on Structure-Constrained Functions. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1434. [PMID: 36144056 PMCID: PMC9501319 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its crooked trajectory and small full width at half-maximum, photonic hook (PH) has attracted wide attention since its inception and experimental confirmation. However, the present generation and regulation of PH are mostly dependent on the breaking of the symmetry of the system composed of the incident light and the regular structure particles, which inevitably limits the research of PH. In this work, the PH of the irregular particles is demonstrated with the help of a structure-constrained function (SCF). By varying the coefficients of the function, characteristic parameters of the PH, such as the bending angle, the effective length and the bending direction, can be effectively modulated. Meanwhile, high-quality PHs with a bending angle of up to 46∘ and an effective length of up to 11.90λ, as well as PHs with three bends, can be obtained using this method. The formation mechanism of the PH is revealed by simulating the distribution of the field intensity with the finite element method and analyzing with ray optics. This is the first time that we introduce a function into the investigation of PH, paving a new way for a more interesting exploration of PH.
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13
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Jin G, Hong S, Rich J, Xia J, Kim K, You L, Zhao C, Huang TJ. Intelligent nanoscope for rapid nanomaterial identification and classification. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:2978-2985. [PMID: 35647808 PMCID: PMC9378457 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00206j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning image recognition and classification of particles and materials is a rapidly expanding field. However, nanomaterial identification and classification are dependent on the image resolution, the image field of view, and the processing time. Optical microscopes are one of the most widely utilized technologies in laboratories across the world, due to their nondestructive abilities to identify and classify critical micro-sized objects and processes, but identifying and classifying critical nano-sized objects and processes with a conventional microscope are outside of its capabilities, due to the diffraction limit of the optics and small field of view. To overcome these challenges of nanomaterial identification and classification, we developed an intelligent nanoscope that combines machine learning and microsphere array-based imaging to: (1) surpass the diffraction limit of the microscope objective with microsphere imaging to provide high-resolution images; (2) provide large field-of-view imaging without the sacrifice of resolution by utilizing a microsphere array; and (3) rapidly classify nanomaterials using a deep convolution neural network. The intelligent nanoscope delivers more than 46 magnified images from a single image frame so that we collected more than 1000 images within 2 seconds. Moreover, the intelligent nanoscope achieves a 95% nanomaterial classification accuracy using 1000 images of training sets, which is 45% more accurate than without the microsphere array. The intelligent nanoscope also achieves a 92% bacteria classification accuracy using 50 000 images of training sets, which is 35% more accurate than without the microsphere array. This platform accomplished rapid, accurate detection and classification of nanomaterials with miniscule size differences. The capabilities of this device wield the potential to further detect and classify smaller biological nanomaterial, such as viruses or extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonsoo Jin
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Seongwoo Hong
- Office of Biomedical Graduate Education, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Kyeri Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Lingchong You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
- Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469, USA.
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469, USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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14
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Jin G, Rich J, Xia J, He AJ, Zhao C, Huang TJ. An acoustofluidic scanning nanoscope using enhanced image stacking and processing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:81. [PMID: 35846176 PMCID: PMC9279327 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00401-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale optical resolution with a large field of view is a critical feature for many research and industry areas, such as semiconductor fabrication, biomedical imaging, and nanoscale material identification. Several scanning microscopes have been developed to resolve the inverse relationship between the resolution and field of view; however, those scanning microscopes still rely upon fluorescence labeling and complex optical systems. To overcome these limitations, we developed a dual-camera acoustofluidic nanoscope with a seamless image merging algorithm (alpha-blending process). This design allows us to precisely image both the sample and the microspheres simultaneously and accurately track the particle path and location. Therefore, the number of images required to capture the entire field of view (200 × 200 μm) by using our acoustofluidic scanning nanoscope is reduced by 55-fold compared with previous designs. Moreover, the image quality is also greatly improved by applying an alpha-blending imaging technique, which is critical for accurately depicting and identifying nanoscale objects or processes. This dual-camera acoustofluidic nanoscope paves the way for enhanced nanoimaging with high resolution and a large field of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonsoo Jin
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Joseph Rich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Jianping Xia
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Albert J. He
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469 USA
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, OH 45469 USA
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA
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15
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Chen X, Li H, Wu T, Gong Z, Guo J, Li Y, Li B, Ferraro P, Zhang Y. Optical-force-controlled red-blood-cell microlenses for subwavelength trapping and imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:2995-3004. [PMID: 35774333 PMCID: PMC9203105 DOI: 10.1364/boe.457700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that red blood cells (RBCs), with an adjustable focusing effect controlled by optical forces, can act as bio-microlenses for trapping and imaging subwavelength objects. By varying the laser power injected into a tapered fiber probe, the shape of a swelled RBC can be changed from spherical to ellipsoidal by the optical forces, thus adjusting the focal length of such bio-microlens in a range from 3.3 to 6.5 µm. An efficient optical trapping and a simultaneous fluorescence detecting of a 500-nm polystyrene particle have been realized using the RBC microlens. Assisted by the RBC microlens, a subwavelength imaging has also been achieved, with a magnification adjustable from 1.6× to 2×. The RBC bio-microlenses may offer new opportunities for the development of fully biocompatible light-driven devices in diagnosis of blood disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Chen
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Heng Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Tianli Wu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Jinghui Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632 Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems «E. Caianiello», Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China
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16
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Zhang T, Yu H, Shi J, Wang X, Luo H, Lin D, Liu Z, Su C, Wang Y, Liu L. Correlative AFM and Scanning Microlens Microscopy for Time-Efficient Multiscale Imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103902. [PMID: 35224895 PMCID: PMC9036010 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid evolution of microelectronics and nanofabrication technologies, the feature sizes of large-scale integrated circuits continue to move toward the nanoscale. There is a strong need to improve the quality and efficiency of integrated circuit inspection, but it remains a great challenge to provide both rapid imaging and circuit node-level high-resolution images simultaneously using a conventional microscope. This paper proposes a nondestructive, high-throughput, multiscale correlation imaging method that combines atomic force microscopy (AFM) with microlens-based scanning optical microscopy. In this method, a microlens is coupled to the end of the AFM cantilever and the sample-facing side of the microlens contains a focused ion beam deposited tip which serves as the AFM scanning probe. The introduction of a microlens improves the imaging resolution of the AFM optical system, providing a 3-4× increase in optical imaging magnification while the scanning imaging throughput is improved ≈8×. The proposed method bridges the resolution gap between traditional optical imaging and AFM, achieves cross-scale rapid imaging with micrometer to nanometer resolution, and improves the efficiency of AFM-based large-scale imaging and detection. Simultaneously, nanoscale-level correlation between the acquired optical image and structure information is enabled by the method, providing a powerful tool for semiconductor device inspection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
| | - Jialin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
| | - Xiaoduo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
| | - Hao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Daojing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
| | - Chanmin Su
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
| | - Yuechao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of RoboticsShenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent ManufacturingChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016P. R. China
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17
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Guo J, Wu Y, Gong Z, Chen X, Cao F, Kala S, Qiu Z, Zhao X, Chen J, He D, Chen T, Zeng R, Zhu J, Wong KF, Murugappan S, Zhu T, Xian Q, Hou X, Ruan YC, Li B, Li YC, Zhang Y, Sun L. Photonic Nanojet-Mediated Optogenetics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2104140. [PMID: 35187865 PMCID: PMC9036029 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202104140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Optogenetics has become a widely used technique in neuroscience research, capable of controlling neuronal activity with high spatiotemporal precision and cell-type specificity. Expressing exogenous opsins in the selected cells can induce neuronal activation upon light irradiation, and the activation depends on the power of incident light. However, high optical power can also lead to off-target neuronal activation or even cell damage. Limiting the incident power, but enhancing power distribution to the targeted neurons, can improve optogenetic efficiency and reduce off-target effects. Here, the use of optical lenses made of polystyrene microspheres is demonstrated to achieve effective focusing of the incident light of relatively low power to neighboring neurons via photonic jets. The presence of microspheres significantly localizes and enhances the power density to the target neurons both in vitro and ex vivo, resulting in increased inward current and evoked action potentials. In vivo results show optogenetic stimulation with microspheres that can evoke significantly more motor behavior and neuronal activation at lowered power density. In all, a proof-of-concept of a strategy is demonstrated to increase the efficacy of optogenetic neuromodulation using pulses of reduced optical power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Guo
- Department of PhysiologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Yong Wu
- Department of PhysiologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Institute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443China
| | - Xixi Chen
- Institute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443China
| | - Fei Cao
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Shashwati Kala
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Zhihai Qiu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Xinyi Zhao
- Department of PhysiologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Jun‐jiang Chen
- Department of PhysiologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Dongming He
- Department of PhysiologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Taiheng Chen
- Department of PhysiologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Rui Zeng
- Department of PhysiologySchool of MedicineJinan UniversityGuangzhou510632China
| | - Jiejun Zhu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Kin Fung Wong
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Suresh Murugappan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Quanxiang Xian
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Xuandi Hou
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Ye Chun Ruan
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443China
| | - Yu Chao Li
- Institute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of NanophotonicsJinan UniversityGuangzhou511443China
| | - Lei Sun
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong SAR999077China
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18
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Wang Z, Chen M, Zhang W. Sub-50 nm control of light at 405 nm with planar Si nanolens. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:9904-9912. [PMID: 35299403 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We studied the super-resolution light modulation capability of Si nanodisks, a flat semi-transparent high index nanolens in the visible spectral range. A Laguerre-Gaussian beam-based optimization algorithm was developed to synthesize desired field distributions. Focused spots below 45 nm (< λ/9) were successfully achieved with 405 nm light over the whole center area of the nanolens. This superb light nano-focusing capability allows us to synthesize complex nano-patterns by simply superposing several focus spots together, making the Si nanolens a promising tool for super-resolution photolithography.
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19
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Cao Y, Wang X, Yang S, Pei Y, Zang J, Wang J, Ye YH. Super-resolution imaging of plasmonic nanostructures by microsphere-assisted microscopy. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:E8-E13. [PMID: 35297868 DOI: 10.1364/ao.444881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We fabricate both triangularly and circularly shaped Au, Ag, and Cr nanoparticle arrays and observe the imaging properties of these plasmonic nanostructures by BaTiO3 glass (BTG) microsphere-assisted microscopy. We experimentally find that the resolution of triangularly shaped Ag nanoparticle arrays is higher than that of Au and Cr ones, and a gap resolution of ∼λ/7.7 is demonstrated for the circularly shaped Au, Ag, and Cr nanostructures. Numerical simulations show that when a fully immersed BTG microsphere is dispersed on the surface of a plasmonic nanostructure sample, an enhanced electric field is generated in the vicinity of the sample, especially at the gap of the microsphere and the sample, due to the focusing effect of the microsphere and the excitation of localized surface plasmon resonance in the plasmonic nanostructure. The enhanced electric field in Ag nanostructures is significantly stronger than that in Au and Cr ones. Besides, the microsphere collects, amplifies, and propagates the enhanced near-field information to the far field, resulting in the improvement of imaging resolution.
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20
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Chen X, Wu T, Gong Z, Guo J, Liu X, Zhang Y, Li Y, Ferraro P, Li B. Lipid droplets as endogenous intracellular microlenses. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:242. [PMID: 34873142 PMCID: PMC8648767 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00687-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Using a single biological element as a photonic component with well-defined features has become a new intriguing paradigm in biophotonics. Here we show that endogenous lipid droplets in the mature adipose cells can behave as fully biocompatible microlenses to strengthen the ability of microscopic imaging as well as detecting intra- and extracellular signals. By the assistance of biolenses made of the lipid droplets, enhanced fluorescence imaging of cytoskeleton, lysosomes, and adenoviruses has been achieved. At the same time, we demonstrated that the required excitation power can be reduced by up to 73%. The lipidic microlenses are finely manipulated by optical tweezers in order to address targets and perform their real-time imaging inside the cells. An efficient detecting of fluorescence signal of cancer cells in extracellular fluid was accomplished due to the focusing effect of incident light by the lipid droplets. The lipid droplets acting as endogenous intracellular microlenses open the intriguing route for a multifunctional biocompatible optics tool for biosensing, endoscopic imaging, and single-cell diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Chen
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, 511443, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianli Wu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, 511443, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyong Gong
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, 511443, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinghui Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, 510632, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Liu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, 511443, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, 511443, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yuchao Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, 511443, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Pietro Ferraro
- CNR-ISASI, Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems «E. Caianiello», Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy.
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, 511443, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Jiang C, Yue H, Yan B, Dong T, Cui X, Chen P, Wang Z. Label-free non-invasive subwavelength-resolution imaging using yeast cells as biological lenses. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:7113-7121. [PMID: 34858703 PMCID: PMC8606145 DOI: 10.1364/boe.437965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest to use live cells to replace the widely used non-biological microsphere lenses. In this work, we demonstrate the use of yeast cells for such imaging purpose. Using fiber-based optical trapping technique, we trap a chain of three yeast cells and bring them to the vicinity of imaging objects. These yeast cells work as near-field magnifying lenses and simultaneously pick up the sub-diffraction information of the nanoscale objects under each cell and project them into the far-field. The experimental results demonstrated that Blu-ray disc of 100 nm feature can be clearly resolved in a parallel manner by each cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Jiang
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Hangyu Yue
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Bing Yan
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Dean Street, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 1UT, UK
- Center of Optics Health, Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 88 Keling Street, Suzhou Jiangsu, 215163, China
| | - Taiji Dong
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Xiangyu Cui
- College of Computer and Information Technology, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China
| | - Zengbo Wang
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Bangor University, Dean Street, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 1UT, UK
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22
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Johnson PB, Karvounis A, Singh HJ, Brereton CJ, Bourdakos KN, Lunn K, Roberts JJW, Davies DE, Muskens OL, Jones MG, Mahajan S. Superresolved polarization-enhanced second-harmonic generation for direct imaging of nanoscale changes in collagen architecture. OPTICA 2021; 8:674-685. [PMID: 34239949 PMCID: PMC8237832 DOI: 10.1364/optica.411325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Superresolution (SR) optical microscopy has allowed the investigation of many biological structures below the diffraction limit; however, most of the techniques are hampered by the need for fluorescent labels. Nonlinear label-free techniques such as second-harmonic generation (SHG) provide structurally specific contrast without the addition of exogenous labels, allowing observation of unperturbed biological systems. We use the photonic nanojet (PNJ) phenomena to achieve SR-SHG. A resolution of ∼ λ / 6 with respect to the fundamental wavelength, that is, a ∼ 2.3 -fold improvement over conventional or diffraction-limited SHG under the same imaging conditions is achieved. Crucially we find that the polarization properties of excitation are maintained in a PNJ. This is observed in experiment and simulations. This may have widespread implications to increase sensitivity by detection of polarization-resolved SHG by observing anisotropy in signals. These new, to the best of our knowledge, findings allowed us to visualize biological SHG-active structures such as collagen at an unprecedented and previously unresolvable spatial scale. Moreover, we demonstrate that the use of an array of self-assembled high-index spheres overcomes the issue of a limited field of view for such a method, allowing PNJ-assisted SR-SHG to be used over a large area. Dysregulation of collagen at the nanoscale occurs in many diseases and is an underlying cause in diseases such as lung fibrosis. Here we demonstrate that pSR-SHG allows unprecedented observation of changes at the nanoscale that are invisible by conventional diffraction-limited SHG imaging. The ability to nondestructively image SHG-active biological structures without labels at the nanoscale with a relatively simple optical method heralds the promise of a new tool to understand biological phenomena and drive drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Johnson
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Artemios Karvounis
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H. Johnson Singh
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Christopher J. Brereton
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Konstantinos N. Bourdakos
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Kerry Lunn
- Synairgen Research Ltd., Southampton, UK
| | | | - Donna E. Davies
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Otto L. Muskens
- Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark G. Jones
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Southampton, Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sumeet Mahajan
- School of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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23
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Li P, Li G, Yu H, Wang F, Liu L, Jung Li W. Advances in Dielectric Microspherical Lens Nanoscopy: Label-Free Superresolution Imaging. IEEE NANOTECHNOLOGY MAGAZINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/mnano.2020.3037433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Zhang T, Yu H, Li P, Wang X, Wang F, Shi J, Liu Z, Yu P, Yang W, Wang Y, Liu L. Microsphere-Based Super-Resolution Imaging for Visualized Nanomanipulation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48093-48100. [PMID: 32960563 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanomanipulation provides high operating accuracy and has been successfully applied in many fields such as nanoparticle assembly, nanowire alignment, and semiconductor device manufacturing. However, because of the limits of optical diffraction, the use of nanomanipulation is challenged by a lack of visual feedback at the nanoscale, and thus, its efficiency is difficult to be improved. In this study, we developed a novel method of microlens-enhanced nanomanipulation capable of real-time super-resolution imaging. Nanomanipulation was performed using the atomic force microscopy (AFM) mechanism by coupling a microlens to an AFM probe, and optical imaging with a minimum characteristic size of 80 nm is realized by combining the microlens with the optical imaging system. Under the conditions of fluorescent illumination and white light illumination, nanomanipulations were achieved under real-time visual guidance for fluorescent nanoparticles with a diameter of 100 nm and silver nanowires with a diameter of 80 nm, respectively. This method enables the possibility of in situ observation and manipulation, which can potentially be used for biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Pan Li
- College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Hohai University, Changzhou 213022, China
| | - Xiaoduo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Bio-X, Stanford University, Stanford 94305, California, United States
| | - Jialin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yuechao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Institutes for Robotics and Intelligent Manufacturing, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
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25
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Jin G, Bachman H, Naquin TD, Rufo J, Hou S, Tian Z, Zhao C, Huang TJ. Acoustofluidic Scanning Nanoscope with High Resolution and Large Field of View. ACS NANO 2020; 14:8624-8633. [PMID: 32574033 PMCID: PMC7438315 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c03009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging with nanoscale resolution and a large field of view is highly desirable in many research areas. Unfortunately, it is challenging to achieve these two features simultaneously while using a conventional microscope. An objective lens with a low numerical aperture (NA) has a large field of view but poor resolution. In contrast, a high NA objective lens will have a higher resolution but reduced field of view. In an effort to close the gap between these trade-offs, we introduce an acoustofluidic scanning nanoscope (AS-nanoscope) that can simultaneously achieve high resolution with a large field of view. The AS-nanoscope relies on acoustofluidic-assisted scanning of multiple microsized particles. A scanned 2D image is then compiled by processing the microparticle images using an automated big-data image algorithm. The AS-nanoscope has the potential to be integrated into a conventional microscope or could serve as a stand-alone instrument for a wide range of applications where both high resolution and large field of view are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geonsoo Jin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Hunter Bachman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ty Downing Naquin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joseph Rufo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Serena Hou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Chenglong Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
- Department of Electro-Optics and Photonics, University of Dayton, 300 College Park, Dayton, Ohio 45469, United States
| | - Tony Jun Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
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26
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Edun DN, Nelmark CE, Serrano AL. Resolution Enhancement in Wide-Field IR Imaging and Time-Domain Spectroscopy Using Dielectric Microspheres. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:5534-5541. [PMID: 32543850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c02418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Wide-field imaging through dielectric microspheres has emerged in recent years as a simple and effective approach for generating super-resolution images at visible wavelengths. We present, to our knowledge, the first demonstration that dielectric microspheres can be used in a wide-field infrared (IR) microscope to enhance the far field resolution. We have observed a substantial improvement in resolution and magnification when images are collected through polystyrene microspheres. In addition, we demonstrate that spectroscopic imaging with a pulse-shaper based femtosecond mid-IR laser system is possible through the dielectric microspheres, which is a promising first step toward applying this technique to ultrafast IR imaging methods such as pump-probe and 2DIR microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean N Edun
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46544, United States
| | - Claire E Nelmark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46544, United States
| | - Arnaldo L Serrano
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, 251 Nieuwland Science Hall, Notre Dame, Indiana 46544, United States
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27
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Luo H, Yu H, Wen Y, Zhang T, Li P, Wang F, Liu L. Enhanced high-quality super-resolution imaging in air using microsphere lens groups. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:2981-2984. [PMID: 32479438 DOI: 10.1364/ol.393041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Most microsphere-assisted super-resolution imaging experiments require a high-refractive-index microsphere to be immersed in a liquid to improve the super-resolution. However, samples are inevitably polluted by residuals in the liquid. This Letter presents a novel (to the best of our knowledge) method employing a microsphere lens group (MLG) that can easily achieve high-quality super-resolution imaging in air. The performance of this method is at par or better than that of the high-refractive-index microspheres immersed in liquid. In addition, the MLG generates a real image that is closely related to the photonic nanojet position of the microsphere super-lens. This imaging method is beneficial in microsphere imaging applications where liquids are impractical.
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28
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Selecting a Proper Microsphere to Combine Optical Trapping with Microsphere-Assisted Microscopy. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10093127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Microsphere-assisted microscopy serves as an effective super-resolution technique in biological observations and nanostructure detections, and optical trapping is widely used for the manipulation of small particles like microspheres. In this study, we focus on the selection of microsphere types for the combination of the optical trapping and the super-resolution microsphere-assisted microscopy, by considering the optical trapping performances and the super-resolution imaging ability of index-different microspheres in water simultaneously. Finally, the polystyrene (PS) sphere and the melamine formaldehyde (MF) sphere have been selected from four typical index-different microspheres normally used in microsphere-assisted microscopy. In experiments, the optically trapped PS/MF microsphere in water has been used to achieve super-resolution imaging of a 139 nm line-width silicon nanostructure grating under white light illumination. The image quality and the magnification factor are affected by the refractive index contrast between the microspheres and the immersion medium, and the difference of image quality is partly explained by the photonic nanojet. This work guides us in selecting proper microspheres, and also provides a label-free super-resolution imaging technique in many research fields.
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29
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Zhang P, Chen X, Yang H. Large-Scale Fabrication of Photonic Nanojet Array via Template-Assisted Self-Assembly. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11050473. [PMID: 32365764 PMCID: PMC7281686 DOI: 10.3390/mi11050473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A large-scale homogenized photonic nanojet array with defined pattern and spacing facilitates practical applications in super-resolution imaging, subwavelength-resolution nanopatterning, nano objects trapping and detection technology. In this paper, we present the fabrication of a large-scale photonic nanojet array via the template-assisted self-assembly (TASA) approach. Templates of two-dimensional (2D) large-scale microwell array with defined pattern and spacing are fabricated. Melamine microspheres with excellent size uniformity are utilized to pattern on the template. It is found that microwells can be filled at a yield up to 95%. These arrayed microspheres on the template serve as microlenses and can be excited to generate large-scale photonic nanojets. The uniformly-sized melamine spheres are beneficial for the generation of a homogenized photonic nanojet array. The intensity of the photonic nanojets in water is as high as ~2 fold the background light signal. Our work shows a simple, robust, and fast means for the fabrication of a large-scale homogenized photonic nanojet array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices, Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China; (P.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Xi Chen
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices, Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China; (P.Z.); (X.C.)
| | - Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices, Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen 518055, China; (P.Z.); (X.C.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-755-8639-2675
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Zhang W, Lei H. Fluorescence enhancement based on cooperative effects of a photonic nanojet and plasmon resonance. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:6596-6602. [PMID: 32073109 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr00675k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Developing a universal and simple structure with an excellent fluorescence enhancement is a highly desirable goal for practical applications in optical detection and imaging. Herein, a hybrid structure composed of melamine-formaldehyde (MF) microspheres covering an Au nanorod (AuNR) film (MS/AuNR for short) is reported to enhance fluorescence, which is based on the cooperative effects of a photonic nanojet and plasmon resonance. Moreover, to obtain an excellent plasmonic property, an additional poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) spacing layer with an optimal thickness of 8 nm is added to prevent the fluorescence from directly coming in contact with the AuNR film. Using the proposed hybrid structure and taking the quantum dots (QDs) as fluorescent materials, a maximum enhancement of fluorescence of up to 260 fold is measured. Besides, the hybrid structure is also applied in fluorescence imaging. Utilizing the fluorescence enhancement and pattern magnification effects of the hybrid structure, clear imaging of the 100 nm fluorescent particles is achieved. The above results have important academic value and application prospects in many fields such as weak fluorescence detection and nano-fluorescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weina Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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31
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Lee GJ, Kim HM, Song YM. Design and Fabrication of Microscale, Thin-Film Silicon Solid Immersion Lenses for Mid-Infrared Application. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11030250. [PMID: 32120857 PMCID: PMC7143082 DOI: 10.3390/mi11030250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lens-based optical microscopes cannot resolve the sub-wavelength objects overpass diffraction limit. Recently, research on super-resolution imaging has been conducted to overcome this limitation in visible wavelength using solid immersion lenses. However, IR imaging, which is useful for chemical imaging, bio-imaging, and thermal imaging, has not been studied much in optical super-resolution by solid immersion lens owing to material limitations. Herein, we present the design and fabrication schemes of microscale silicon solid immersion lenses (µ-SIL) based on thin-film geometry for mid-infrared (MIR) applications. Compared with geometrical optics, a rigorous finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculation of proposed silicon microlenses at MIR wavelengths shows that the outstanding short focal lengths result in enhanced magnification, which allows resolving objects beyond the diffraction limit. In addition, the theoretical analyses evaluate the influences of various structural parameters, such as radius of curvature (RoC), refractive index, and substrate thickness, in µ-SIL. In particular, the high refractive index of µ-SIL is beneficial to implement the outstanding near-field focusing, which corresponds to a high numerical aperture. On the basis of this theoretical background, novel methods are developed for the fabrication of a printable, thin-film silicon microlens array and its integration with a specimen substrate. From the result, we provide a physical understanding of near-field focusing phenomena and offer a promising tool for super-resolution far-field imaging in the MIR range.
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Perrin S, Lecler S, Montgomery P. From 2D to 3D super-resolution imaging through glass microspheres -INVITED. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023806002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsphere-assisted microscopy is a new imaging technique which allows the diffraction limit to be overcome using transparent microspheres. It makes it possible to reach a resolution of up to 100 nm in air while being label-free and full-field. An overview of the imaging technique is presented showing the influence of the photonic jet on the image nature and the unconventional behaviour of the magnification factor. Moreover, interferometry through microspheres is demonstrated for the 3D reconstruction of nanoelements.
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Zhu J, Goddard LL. All-dielectric concentration of electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale: the role of photonic nanojets. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2019; 1:4615-4643. [PMID: 36133120 PMCID: PMC9419186 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00430k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The photonic nanojet (PNJ) is a narrow high-energy beam that was originally found on the back side of all-dielectric spherical structures. It is a unique type of energy concentration mode. The field of PNJs has experienced rapid growth in the past decade: nonspherical and even pixelized PNJ generators based on new physics and principles along with extended photonic applications from linear optics to nonlinear optics have driven the re-evaluation of the role of PNJs in optics and photonics. In this article, we give a comprehensive review for the emerging sub-topics in the past decade with a focus on two specific areas: (1) PNJ generators based on natural materials, artificial materials and nanostructures, and even programmable systems instead of conventional dielectric geometries such as microspheres, cubes, and trihedral prisms, and (2) the emerging novel applications in both linear and nonlinear optics that are built upon the specific features of PNJs. The extraordinary features of PNJs including subwavelength concentration of electromagnetic energy, high intensity focusing spot, and lower Joule heating as compared to plasmonic resonance systems, have made PNJs attractive to diverse fields spanning from optical imaging, nanofabrication, and integrated photonics to biosensing, optical tweezers, and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhu
- Photonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 208 N. Wright St., MNTL 2231 Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Lynford L Goddard
- Photonic Systems Laboratory, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 208 N. Wright St., MNTL 2231 Urbana IL 61801 USA
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Li Y, Liu X, Li B. Single-cell biomagnifier for optical nanoscopes and nanotweezers. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:61. [PMID: 31645911 PMCID: PMC6804537 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Optical microscopes and optical tweezers, which were invented to image and manipulate microscale objects, have revolutionized cellular and molecular biology. However, the optical resolution is hampered by the diffraction limit; thus, optical microscopes and optical tweezers cannot be directly used to image and manipulate nano-objects. The emerging plasmonic/photonic nanoscopes and nanotweezers can achieve nanometer resolution, but the high-index material structures will easily cause mechanical and photothermal damage to biospecimens. Here, we demonstrate subdiffraction-limit imaging and manipulation of nano-objects by a noninvasive device that was constructed by trapping a cell on a fiber tip. The trapped cell, acting as a biomagnifier, could magnify nanostructures with a resolution of 100 nm (λ/5.5) under white-light microscopy. The focus of the biomagnifier formed a nano-optical trap that allowed precise manipulation of an individual nanoparticle with a radius of 50 nm. This biomagnifier provides a high-precision tool for optical imaging, sensing, and assembly of bionanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, 511443 Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshuai Liu
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, 511443 Guangzhou, China
| | - Baojun Li
- Institute of Nanophotonics, Jinan University, 511443 Guangzhou, China
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Yang H, Zhang Y, Chen S, Hao R. Micro-optical Components for Bioimaging on Tissues, Cells and Subcellular Structures. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:E405. [PMID: 31248115 PMCID: PMC6630880 DOI: 10.3390/mi10060405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Bioimaging generally indicates imaging techniques that acquire biological information from living forms. Among different imaging techniques, optical microscopy plays a predominant role in observing tissues, cells and biomolecules. Along with the fast development of microtechnology, developing miniaturized and integrated optical imaging systems has become essential to provide new imaging solutions for point-of-care applications. In this review, we will introduce the basic micro-optical components and their fabrication technologies first, and further emphasize the development of integrated optical systems for in vitro and in vivo bioimaging, respectively. We will conclude by giving our perspectives on micro-optical components for bioimaging applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices, Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Therapeutics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Sihui Chen
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices, Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Rui Hao
- Laboratory of Biomedical Microsystems and Nano Devices, Bionic Sensing and Intelligence Center, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Luo X, Tsai D, Gu M, Hong M. Extraordinary optical fields in nanostructures: from sub-diffraction-limited optics to sensing and energy conversion. Chem Soc Rev 2019; 48:2458-2494. [PMID: 30839959 DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00864g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Along with the rapid development of micro/nanofabrication technology, the past few decades have seen the flourishing emergence of subwavelength-structured materials and interfaces for optical field engineering at the nanoscale. Three remarkable properties associated with these subwavelength-structured materials are the squeezed optical fields beyond the diffraction limit, gradient optical fields in the subwavelength scale, and enhanced optical fields that are orders of magnitude greater than the incident field. These engineered optical fields have inspired fundamental and practical advances in both engineering optics and modern chemistry. The first property is the basis of sub-diffraction-limited imaging, lithography, and dense data storage. The second property has led to the emergence of a couple of thin and planar functional optical devices with a reduced footprint. The third one causes enhanced radiation (e.g., fluorescence), scattering (e.g., Raman scattering), and absorption (e.g., infrared absorption and circular dichroism), offering a unique platform for single-molecule-level biochemical sensing, and high-efficiency chemical reaction and energy conversion. In this review, we summarize recent advances in subwavelength-structured materials that bear extraordinary squeezed, gradient, and enhanced optical fields, with a particular emphasis on their optical and chemical applications. Finally, challenges and outlooks in this promising field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangang Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Optical Technologies on Nano-Fabrication and Micro-Engineering, Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610209, China.
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37
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Chen G, Wen ZQ, Qiu CW. Superoscillation: from physics to optical applications. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:56. [PMID: 31231522 PMCID: PMC6560133 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0163-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The resolution of conventional optical elements and systems has long been perceived to satisfy the classic Rayleigh criterion. Paramount efforts have been made to develop different types of superresolution techniques to achieve optical resolution down to several nanometres, such as by using evanescent waves, fluorescence labelling, and postprocessing. Superresolution imaging techniques, which are noncontact, far field and label free, are highly desirable but challenging to implement. The concept of superoscillation offers an alternative route to optical superresolution and enables the engineering of focal spots and point-spread functions of arbitrarily small size without theoretical limitations. This paper reviews recent developments in optical superoscillation technologies, design approaches, methods of characterizing superoscillatory optical fields, and applications in noncontact, far-field and label-free superresolution microscopy. This work may promote the wider adoption and application of optical superresolution across different wave types and application domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Chen
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Zhong-Quan Wen
- College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, 174 Shazheng Street, Chongqing, 400044 China
| | - Cheng-Wei Qiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117583 Singapore
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Jia B, Wang F, Chan H, Zhang G, Li WJ. In situ printing of liquid superlenses for subdiffraction-limited color imaging of nanobiostructures in nature. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2019; 5:1. [PMID: 31057928 PMCID: PMC6330505 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-018-0040-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The nanostructures and patterns that exist in nature have inspired researchers to develop revolutionary components for use in modern technologies and our daily lives. The nanoscale imaging of biological samples with sophisticated analytical tools, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), has afforded a precise understanding of structures and has helped reveal the mechanisms contributing to the behaviors of the samples but has done so with the loss of photonic properties. Here, we present a new method for printing biocompatible "superlenses" directly on biological objects to observe subdiffraction-limited features under an optical microscope in color. We demonstrate the nanoscale imaging of butterfly wing scales with a super-resolution and larger field-of-view (FOV) than those of previous dielectric microsphere techniques. Our approach creates a fast and flexible path for the direct color observation of nanoscale biological features in the visible range and enables potential optical measurements at the subdiffraction-limited scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boliang Jia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R. China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Shenzhen Academy of Robotics, Shenzhen, 518000 China
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Hoyin Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R. China
| | | | - Wen Jung Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R. China
- Shenzhen Academy of Robotics, Shenzhen, 518000 China
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Hu P, Li B, Bai C, Li X, Lu X. Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy Using Evanescent Waves—Toward Probing Irregular and Complex Surfaces of Mesoscopic-Scale Materials. Anal Chem 2018; 90:14222-14229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b03088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Bolin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
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Migliozzi D, Gijs MAM, Huszka G. Microsphere-mediated optical contrast tuning for designing imaging systems with adjustable resolution gain. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15211. [PMID: 30315280 PMCID: PMC6185990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33604-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon illumination, a dielectric microsphere (μS) can generate a photonic nanojet (PNJ), which plays a role in the super-resolution imaging of a sample placed in the μS's immediate proximity. Recent microscopy implementations pioneered this concept but, despite the experimental characterization and theoretical modeling of the PNJ, the key physical factors that enable optimization of such imaging systems are still debated. Here, we systematically analyzed the parameters that govern the resolution increase in the case of large-diameter (>20 µm) μS-assisted incoherent microscopy by studying both the illumination and the detection light paths. We determined the enhanced-resolution zone created by the μS, in which the detection system has a net resolution gain that we calculated theoretically and subsequently confirmed experimentally. Our results quantitatively describe the resolution enhancement mediated by the optical contrast between the μS and its surrounding medium, and provide concrete means for designing μS-enhanced imaging systems for several application requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Migliozzi
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Gergely Huszka
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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41
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Yang S, Wang X, Wang J, Cao Y, Wang F, Chen T, Ye YH. Reduced distortion in high-index microsphere imaging by partial immersion. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:7818-7822. [PMID: 30462047 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.007818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate that pincushion distortion is obvious when using a BaTiO3 glass (BTG) microsphere fully immersed in ethanol or SU-8 2002 resist to image a Blu-ray disk with sub-diffraction features. The distortion is related to the layer thickness of the immersing medium. For a BTG microsphere partially immersed in the SU-8 resist where the SU-8 thickness is around 4/5 the diameter of the microsphere, its distortion decreases dramatically, but it can still clearly resolve the Blu-ray disk. For such a partially immersed microsphere, the calculated position of the photonic nanojet is outside the microsphere and close to the object, indicating the microsphere has a super-resolution imaging property, and the distortion simulated by ZEMAX is decreased.
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42
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Retterer ST, Morrell-Falvey JL, Doktycz MJ. Nano-Enabled Approaches to Chemical Imaging in Biosystems. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2018; 11:351-373. [PMID: 29490189 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061417-125635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and predicting how biosystems function require knowledge about the dynamic physicochemical environments with which they interact and alter by their presence. Yet, identifying specific components, tracking the dynamics of the system, and monitoring local environmental conditions without disrupting biosystem function present significant challenges for analytical measurements. Nanomaterials, by their very size and nature, can act as probes and interfaces to biosystems and offer solutions to some of these challenges. At the nanoscale, material properties emerge that can be exploited for localizing biomolecules and making chemical measurements at cellular and subcellular scales. Here, we review advances in chemical imaging enabled by nanoscale structures, in the use of nanoparticles as chemical and environmental probes, and in the development of micro- and nanoscale fluidic devices to define and manipulate local environments and facilitate chemical measurements of complex biosystems. Integration of these nano-enabled methods will lead to an unprecedented understanding of biosystem function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott T Retterer
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA;
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | | | - Mitchel J Doktycz
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA;
- Center for Nanophase Materials Science, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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43
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Huszka G, Gijs MAM. Turning a normal microscope into a super-resolution instrument using a scanning microlens array. Sci Rep 2018; 8:601. [PMID: 29330492 PMCID: PMC5766610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report dielectric microsphere array-based optical super-resolution microscopy. A dielectric microsphere that is placed on a sample is known to generate a virtual image with resolution better than the optical diffraction limit. However, a limitation of such type of super-resolution microscopy is the restricted field-of-view, essentially limited to the central area of the microsphere-generated image. We overcame this limitation by scanning a micro-fabricated array of ordered microspheres over the sample using a customized algorithm that moved step-by-step a motorized stage, meanwhile the microscope-mounted camera was taking pictures at every step. Finally, we stitched together the extracted central parts of the virtual images that showed super-resolution into a mosaic image. We demonstrated 130 nm lateral resolution (~λ/4) and 5 × 105 µm2 scanned surface area using a two by one array of barium titanate glass microspheres in oil-immersion environment. Our findings may serve as a basis for widespread applications of affordable optical super-resolution microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gergely Huszka
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Martin A M Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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44
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Abstract
This critical review summarizes the developments in the integration of micro-optical elements with microfluidic platforms for facilitating detection and automation of bio-analytical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology
- Chinese Academy of Science
- 518055 Shenzhen
- China
| | - Martin A. M. Gijs
- Laboratory of Microsystems
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
- 1015 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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45
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Yang S, Wang F, Ye YH, Xia Y, Deng Y, Wang J, Cao Y. Influence of the photonic nanojet of microspheres on microsphere imaging. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:27551-27558. [PMID: 29092226 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.027551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The imaging properties of BaTiO3 glass (BTG) microspheres in the diameter range of 5-50 µm which are fully immersed in a polydimethylsiloxane layer are experimentally studied. Our experimental results show that for both Blu-ray disc samples and the single-layer hexagonally close-packed microsphere array samples, with the increase of the diameter of BTG microspheres, the range of focal image positions (RFIP) increases linearly. When the diameter of BTG microspheres increases from 5 to 50 μm, the RFIP changes from 4 to 25 μm. For the microsphere array samples, Talbot effect is observed, and both the position of Talbot images and the Talbot distance depend on the diameter of BTG microspheres. Numerical simulations indicate that the length of the photonic nanojet changes from 2.9 to 7.1 μm when the BTG microsphere size increases from 5 to 50 μm, and the calculated RFIP is between 6 and 24 μm. The calculated RFIPs match well with the experimental ones. Our researches reveal that the RFIP depends on the length of the photonic nanojet of the BTG microsphere.
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Microsphere Assisted Super-resolution Optical Imaging of Plasmonic Interaction between Gold Nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13789. [PMID: 29062012 PMCID: PMC5653755 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14193-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional far-field microscopy cannot directly resolve the sub-diffraction spatial distribution of localized surface plasmons in metal nanostructures. Using BaTiO3 microspheres as far-field superlenses by collecting the near-field signal, we can map the origin of enhanced two-photon photoluminescence signal from the gap region of gold nanosphere dimers and gold nanorod dimers beyond the diffraction limit, on a conventional far-field microscope. As the angle θ between dimer's structural axis and laser polarisation changes, photoluminescence intensity varies with a cos4θ function, which agrees quantitatively with numerical simulations. An optical resolution of about λ/7 (λ: two-photon luminescence central wavelength) is demonstrated at dimer's gap region.
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47
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Xia T, Guo H, Hu J, Zhuang S. Parameter determination and transformation for the focusing of dielectric microspheres illuminated by optical needle. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5712. [PMID: 28720780 PMCID: PMC5516020 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
By eliminating the spherical aberrations of microsphere we derived a simple but useful formula on the focusing of dielectric microsphere. On basis of this formula, not only can researchers determine the parameters of an optical microsphere system with super-resolution, but they can also perform parameter transformation. In order to facilitate the application, the principle of parameter transformation was summarized into three kinds of case listed in Table 1, which were all demonstrated numerically with concrete examples by finite-difference time-domain method. This formula will be conducive to the development of applications based on microsphere, such as photonic nano-jet lithography, microsphere nano-scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongnan Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, College of Optical-Electrical Information and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Hanming Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, College of Optical-Electrical Information and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
| | - Jinbing Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, College of Optical-Electrical Information and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
| | - Songlin Zhuang
- Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, Ministry of Education; Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, College of Optical-Electrical Information and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China
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48
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Duocastella M, Tantussi F, Haddadpour A, Zaccaria RP, Jacassi A, Veronis G, Diaspro A, Angelis FD. Combination of scanning probe technology with photonic nanojets. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3474. [PMID: 28615621 PMCID: PMC5471276 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03726-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Light focusing through a microbead leads to the formation of a photonic nanojet functional for enhancing the spatial resolution of traditional optical systems. Despite numerous works that prove this phenomenon, a method to appropriately translate the nanojet on top of a region of interest is still missing. Here, by using advanced 3D fabrication techniques we integrated a microbead on an AFM cantilever thus realizing a system to efficiently position nanojets. This fabrication approach is robust and can be exploited in a myriad of applications, ranging from microscopy to Raman spectroscopy. We demonstrate the potential of portable nanojets by imaging different sub-wavelength structures. Thanks to the achieved portability, we were able to perform a detailed optical characterization of the resolution enhancement induced by the microbead, which sheds light into the many contradictory resolution claims present in literature. Our conclusions are strongly supported by rigorous data analysis and by numerical simulations, all in perfect agreement with experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martí Duocastella
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16063, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Francesco Tantussi
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16063, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ali Haddadpour
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | | | - Andrea Jacassi
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16063, Genoa, Italy
| | - Georgios Veronis
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA.,Center for Computation and Technology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 70803, USA
| | - Alberto Diaspro
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16063, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco De Angelis
- Nanophysics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16063, Genoa, Italy
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49
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Wang F, Liu L, Yu H, Wen Y, Yu P, Liu Z, Wang Y, Li WJ. Scanning superlens microscopy for non-invasive large field-of-view visible light nanoscale imaging. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13748. [PMID: 27934860 PMCID: PMC5476830 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoscale correlation of structural information acquisition with specific-molecule identification provides new insight for studying rare subcellular events. To achieve this correlation, scanning electron microscopy has been combined with super-resolution fluorescent microscopy, despite its destructivity when acquiring biological structure information. Here we propose time-efficient non-invasive microsphere-based scanning superlens microscopy that enables the large-area observation of live-cell morphology or sub-membrane structures with sub-diffraction-limited resolution and is demonstrated by observing biological and non-biological objects. This microscopy operates in both non-invasive and contact modes with ∼200 times the acquisition efficiency of atomic force microscopy, which is achieved by replacing the point of an atomic force microscope tip with an imaging area of microspheres and stitching the areas recorded during scanning, enabling sub-diffraction-limited resolution. Our method marks a possible path to non-invasive cell imaging and simultaneous tracking of specific molecules with nanoscale resolution, facilitating the study of subcellular events over a total cell period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Haibo Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yangdong Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zhu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yuechao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wen Jung Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China.,Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong
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50
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Lai HSS, Wang F, Li Y, Jia B, Liu L, Li WJ. Super-Resolution Real Imaging in Microsphere-Assisted Microscopy. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165194. [PMID: 27768774 PMCID: PMC5074592 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microsphere-assisted microscopy has received a lot of attention recently due to its simplicity and its capability to surpass the diffraction limit. However, to date, sub-diffraction-limit features have only been observed in virtual images formed through the microspheres. We show that it is possible to form real, super-resolution images using high-refractive index microspheres. Also, we report on how changes to a microsphere's refractive index and size affect image formation and planes. The relationship between the focus position and the additional magnification factor is also investigated using experimental and theoretical methods. We demonstrate that such a real imaging mode, combined with the use of larger microspheres, can enlarge sub-diffraction-limit features up to 10 times that of wide-field microscopy's magnification with a field-of-view diameter of up to 9 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hok Sum Sam Lai
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yi Li
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Boliang Jia
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
| | - Lianqing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China
| | - Wen Jung Li
- Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
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