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Diaz-Baca JA, Fatehi P. Production and characterization of starch-lignin based materials: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108281. [PMID: 37956796 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
In their pristine state, starch and lignin are abundant and inexpensive natural polymers frequently considered green alternatives to oil-based and synthetic polymers. Despite their availability and owing to their physicochemical properties; starch and lignin are not often utilized in their pristine forms for high-performance applications. Generally, chemical and physical modifications transform them into starch- and lignin-based materials with broadened properties and functionality. In the last decade, the combination of starch and lignin for producing reinforced materials has gained significant attention. The reinforcing of starch matrices with lignin has received primary focus because of the enhanced water sensitivity, UV protection, and mechanical and thermal resistance that lignin introduces to starch-based materials. This review paper aims to assess starch-lignin materials' production and characterization technologies, highlighting their physicochemical properties, outcomes, challenges, and opportunities. First, this paper describes the current status, sources, and chemical modifications of lignin and starch. Next, the discussion is oriented toward starch-lignin materials and their production approaches, such as blends, composites, plasticized/crosslinked films, and coupled polymers. Special attention is given to the characterization methods of starch-lignin materials, focusing on their advantages, disadvantages, and expected outcomes. Finally, the challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in developing starch-lignin materials, such as adhesives, coatings, films, and controlled delivery systems, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Diaz-Baca
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada
| | - Pedram Fatehi
- Green Processes Research Centre and Chemical Engineering Department, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B5E1, Canada.
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Majeed Z, Nawazish S, Baig A, Akhtar W, Iqbal A, Muhammad Khan W, Majid Bukhari S, Zaidi A, Loke Show P, Mansoor N. Effect of varying thickness properties of the slow release fertilizer films on morphology, biodegradability, urea release, soil health, and plant growth. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278568. [PMID: 36848343 PMCID: PMC9970067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Green biomass is a renewable and biodegradable material that has the potential use to trap urea to develop a high-efficiency urea fertilizer for crops' better performance. Current work examined the morphology, chemical composition, biodegradability, urea release, soil health, and plant growth effects of the SRF films subjected to changes in the thickness of 0.27, 0.54, and 1.03 mm. The morphology was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy, chemical composition was analyzed by Infrared Spectroscopy, and biodegradability was assessed through evolved CO2 and CH4 quantified through Gas Chromatography. The chloroform fumigation technique was used for microbial growth assessment in the soil. The soil pH and redox potential were also measured using a specific probe. CHNS analyzer was used to calculate the total carbon and total nitrogen of the soil. A plant growth experiment was conducted on the Wheat plant (Triticum sativum). The thinner the films, the more they supported the growth and penetration of the soil's microorganisms mainly the species of fungus possibly due to the presence of lignin in films. The fingerprint regions of the infrared spectrum of SRF films showed all films in soil changed in their chemical composition due to biodegradation but the increase in the thickness possibly provides resistance to the films' losses. The higher thickness of the film delayed the rate and time for biodegradation and the release of methane gas in the soil. The 1.03 mm film (47% in 56 days) and 0.54 mm film (35% in 91 days) showed the slowest biodegradability as compared to the 0.27 mm film with the highest losses (60% in 35 days). The slow urea release is more affected by the increase in thickness. The Korsymer Pappas model with release exponent value of < 0.5 explained the release from the SRF films followed the quasi-fickian diffusion and also reduced the diffusion coefficient for urea. An increase in the pH and decrease in the redox potential of the soil is correlated with higher total organic content and total nitrogen in the soil in response to amending SRF films with variable thickness. Growth of the wheat plant showed the highest average plant length, leaf area index and grain per plant in response to the increase in the film's thickness. This work developed an important knowledge to enhance the efficiency of film encapsulated urea that can better slow the urea release if the thickness is optimized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Majeed
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shamyla Nawazish
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Baig
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Wasim Akhtar
- Department of Botany, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Atia Iqbal
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Wisal Muhammad Khan
- Department of Botany, Islamia College University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Syed Majid Bukhari
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Asma Zaidi
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nurlidia Mansoor
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
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Adjuik TA, Nokes SE, Montross MD. Biodegradability of bio‐based and synthetic hydrogels as sustainable soil amendments: A review. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Toby A. Adjuik
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
- Department of Agronomy Iowa State University Ames Iowa USA
| | - Sue E. Nokes
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
| | - Michael D. Montross
- Department of Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky USA
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Abbas A, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Peng P, She D. Lignin-based controlled release fertilizers: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 222:1801-1817. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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El Bouchtaoui FZ, Ablouh EH, Mhada M, Kassem I, Salim MH, Mouhib S, Kassab Z, Sehaqui H, El Achaby M. Methylcellulose/lignin biocomposite as an eco-friendly and multifunctional coating material for slow-release fertilizers: Effect on nutrients management and wheat growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:398-415. [PMID: 36063891 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To obviate adverse effects from the non-biodegradability of certain polymer-based slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) and to offset higher operational costs, the use of biopolymers as coating material has recently caught interest in the research circles. The present work aims to design a sustainable coating material based on biodegradable polymers. To this end, Alfa plant was initially exploited as a viable sustainable source for the extraction of lignin (LGe), which was in turn integrated into the development of a three-dimensional cross-linked network, including methylcellulose (MC) as a matrix and citric acid (CA) as a cross-linking agent. Then, the designed coating material was applied onto Di-ammonium Phosphate (DAP) and Triple Superphosphate (TSP) water-soluble fertilizers in a rotating pan machine. Chemical, physical, and biodegradation studies have confirmed that the coating material is environmentally-friendly. Nutrients release experiments in water as well as in soil environments have proved the effectiveness of the MC and MC/LGe coating layers in delaying the nutrients discharge. Besides, the nutrients release from coated DAP and TSP lasted longer than 30 days. Furthermore, the coating film enhanced the fertilizers mechanical resistance and boosted the soil water retention capacity. The agronomic evaluation has also confirmed their remarkable potential in enhancing wheat leaf area, chlorophyll content and biomass, in addition to the roots architecture and the final fruiting efficiency. These results showed that this hybrid composite could be used as an efficient coating material to produce slow-release fertilizers with multifunctional performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima-Zahra El Bouchtaoui
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - El-Houssaine Ablouh
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco.
| | - Manal Mhada
- AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Ihsane Kassem
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Hamid Salim
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Salma Mouhib
- AgroBioSciences Department (AgBS), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Zineb Kassab
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Houssine Sehaqui
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Mounir El Achaby
- Materials Science, Energy and Nanoengineering Department (MSN), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660 - Hay Moulay Rachid, Benguerir 43150, Morocco.
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Kochkina NE, Butikova OA, Lukin ND. A study of films based on starch and Na‐montmorillonite designed for prolonged release of oxytetracycline hydrochloride. STARCH-STARKE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/star.202100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya E. Kochkina
- Chemistry of Hybrid Nanomaterials and Supramolecular Systems Laboratory G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences Akademicheskaya St. 1 Ivanovo 153045 Russia
| | - Olga A. Butikova
- Laboratory of Oscillations and Wave Processes Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Bardina St. 4 Moscow 119337 Russia
| | - Nikolay D. Lukin
- Branch of the V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences – All‐Russian Research Institute of Starch Products Nekrasova St. 11, Kraskovo Moscow 140051 Russia
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Chemetova C, Ribeiro H, Fabião A, Gominho J. Towards sustainable valorisation of Acacia melanoxylon biomass: Characterization of mature and juvenile plant tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 191:110090. [PMID: 32835679 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In Mediterranean area, Acacia melanoxylon biomass is an abundant waste material from non-native and invasive tree species control actions, requiring suitable disposal. Valorisation of such biomass residues requires its complete characterization to best approach the full potential of each plant material that could suit specific applications. This study compares mature and juvenile A. melanoxylon plant tissues (wood and bark) from two stands in different locations, regarding their chemical characteristics and organic growing media properties, such as mineral content and phytotoxicity effect for Lepidium sativum seeds. Juvenile bark (JB) showed greater total extractives (29%) extracted using solvents of increasing polarity (dichloromethane, ethanol, and water), followed by mature bark (MB) (21%). MB revealed the highest lignin content (>50%) suggesting material resistance to microbial biodegradation in horticultural applications. High barks phenolic content proved to be phytotoxic for cress seeds (null JB root index), although the toxic substances may be removed. After 1 week, ageing effect reduced MB phytototoxicity (root index > 60%) improving seed performance. Bark presented more mineral elements availability than wood. Wood high cellulose (>50%), low extractive (<9%) and moderate total lignin (<30%) contents can be attractive for pulp production, while bark growth medium profile may potentiate its application for horticultural uses. The future research on novel uses of A. melanoxylon plant residues can result in economic benefits that may alleviate management costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chemetova
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal; Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - H Ribeiro
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A Fabião
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - J Gominho
- Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal
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Gu H, Zhang Y, Li X, Li W, Huang S. Lignin improves release behavior of slow‐release fertilizers with high content of urea. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Material ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Material ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Chemistry and Material ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzhuo Li
- Department of Chemistry and Material ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
| | - Shuaiyu Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Material ScienceNanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 People's Republic of China
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Irfan SA, Razali R, KuShaari K, Mansor N, Azeem B, Ford Versypt AN. A review of mathematical modeling and simulation of controlled-release fertilizers. J Control Release 2018; 271:45-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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