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Narasimhamurthy RK, Venkidesh BS, Nayak S, Reghunathan D, Mallya S, Sharan K, Rao BSS, Mumbrekar KD. Low-dose exposure to malathion and radiation results in the dysregulation of multiple neuronal processes, inducing neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration in mouse. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:1403-1418. [PMID: 38038914 PMCID: PMC10789675 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a debilitating and persistent threat to the global elderly population, carrying grim outcomes. Their genesis is often multifactorial, with a history of prior exposure to xenobiotics such as pesticides, heavy metals, enviornmental pollutants, ionizing radiation etc,. A holistic molecular insight into their mechanistic induction upon single or combinatorial exposure to different toxicants is still unclear. In the present study, one-month-old C57BL/6 male mice were administered orally with malathion (50 mg/kg body wt. for 14 days) and single whole-body radiation (0.5 Gy) on the 8th day. Post-treatment, behavioural assays for exploratory behaviour, memory, and learning were performed. After sacrifice, brains were collected for histology, biochemical assays, and transcriptomic analysis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed several altered processes like synaptic transmission and plasticity, neuronal survival, proliferation, and death. Signalling pathways like MAPK, PI3K-Akt, Apelin, NF-κB, cAMP, Notch etc., and pathways related to neurodegenerative diseases were altered. Increased astrogliosis was observed in the radiation and coexposure groups, with significant neuronal cell death and a reduction in the expression of NeuN. Sholl analysis, dendritic arborization and spine density studies revealed decreased total apical neuronal path length and dendritic spine density. Reduced levels of the antioxidants GST and GSH and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity were also detected. However, no changes were seen in exploratory behaviour or learning and memory post-treatment. Thus, explicating the molecular mechanisms behind malathion and radiation can provide novel insights into external factor-driven neurotoxicity and neurodegenerative pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rekha Koravadi Narasimhamurthy
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Babu Santhi Venkidesh
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sangeetha Nayak
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Dinesh Reghunathan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandeep Mallya
- Department of Bioinformatics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
- Directorate of Research, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Kamalesh Dattaram Mumbrekar
- Department of Radiation Biology & Toxicology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India.
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Pupim ACE, Basso CR, Machado CCA, Watanabe PS, Fernandes GSA, ErthalL RP, Sodré GBC, Guarnier FA, Simão ANC, Araújo EJA. Long-term and low dose oral malathion exposure causes morphophysiological changes in the colon of rats. Life Sci 2023; 327:121840. [PMID: 37290667 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malathion (MAL) is an organophosphate insecticide that inhibits cholinesterases, used to control pests in agriculture and to combat mosquitoes that transmit various arboviruses. As acetylcholine is one of the major neurotransmitters of the enteric nervous system (ENS), humans exposed to MAL by ingestion of contaminated food and water can develop symptoms due disfunction of the gastrointestinal tract. Although the deleterious effects after exposure to high doses are recognized, little is known about the long-term and low-dose effects of this pesticide on the structure and motility of the colon. AIMS to evaluate the effects of prolonged oral exposure to low levels of MAL on the wall structure and colonic motility parameters of young rats. MAIN METHODS The animals were divided into three groups: control, and groups that received 10 or 50 mg/kg of MAL via gavage for 40 days. The colon was collected for histological analysis and analysis of the ENS through the evaluation of total neurons and subpopulations of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses. Cholinesterase activity and functional analyzes of the colon were evaluated. KEY FINDINGS MAL treatments (10 and 50 mg/Kg) reduced the butyrylcholinesterase activity, and caused enlargement of faecal pellets, atrophy of muscle layers and several changes in neurons of both myenteric and submucosal plexi. Considering colonic contraction, MAL (50 mg/Kg) increased the number of retrograde colonic migratory motor complexes. SIGNIFICANCE The long-term exposure to low doses of MAL affects colonic morphophysiology, which highlights the need to intensify control and care in the use of this pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C E Pupim
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - C R Basso
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - C C A Machado
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - P S Watanabe
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - G S A Fernandes
- Department of General Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - R P ErthalL
- Department of General Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - G B C Sodré
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - F A Guarnier
- Department of Pathological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - A N C Simão
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Analysis and Toxicology, State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
| | - E J A Araújo
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Shi J, Liu D, Jin Q, Chen X, Zhang R, Shi T, Zhu S, Zhang Y, Zong X, Wang C, Li L. Whole-Transcriptome Analysis of Repeated Low-Level Sarin-Exposed Rat Hippocampus and Identification of Cerna Networks to Investigate the Mechanism of Sarin-Induced Cognitive Impairment. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040627. [PMID: 37106826 PMCID: PMC10136365 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Sarin is a potent organophosphorus nerve agent that causes cognitive dysfunction, but its underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, a rat model of repeated low-level sarin exposure was established using the subcutaneous injection of 0.4 × LD50 for 21 consecutive days. Sarin-exposed rats showed persistent learning and memory impairment and reduced hippocampal dendritic spine density. A whole-transcriptome analysis was applied to study the mechanism of sarin-induced cognitive impairment, and a total of 1035 differentially expressed mRNA (DEmRNA), including 44 DEmiRNA, 305 DElncRNA, and 412 DEcircRNA, were found in the hippocampus of sarin-treated rats. According to Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment, and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) analysis, these DERNAs were mainly involved in neuronal synaptic plasticity and were related to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. The circRNA/lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network was constructed, in which Circ_Fmn1, miR-741-3p, miR-764-3p, miR-871-3p, KIF1A, PTPN11, SYN1, and MT-CO3 formed one circuit, and Circ_Cacna1c, miR-10b-5p, miR-18a-5p, CACNA1C, PRKCD, and RASGRP1 constituted another circuit. The balance between the two circuits was crucial for maintaining synaptic plasticity and may be the regulatory mechanism by which sarin causes cognitive impairment. Our study reveals the ceRNA regulation mechanism of sarin exposure for the first time and provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of other organophosphorus toxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Dongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Qian Jin
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xuejun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Ruihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Tong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Siqing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Xingxing Zong
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
| | - Liqin Li
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilians, Beijing 102205, China
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Predicting Reactive Astrogliosis Propagation by Bayesian Computational Modeling: the Repeater Stations Model. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:879-895. [PMID: 31522382 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01749-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Reactive astrogliosis occurs upon focal brain injury and in neurodegenerative diseases. The mechanisms that propagate reactive astrogliosis to distal parts of the brain, in a rapid wave that activates astrocytes and other cell types along the way, are not completely understood. It is proposed that damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMP) released by necrotic cells from the injury core have a major role in the reactive astrogliosis initiation but whether they also participate in reactive astrogliosis propagation remains to be determined. We here developed a Bayesian computational model to define the most probable model for reactive astrogliosis propagation. Starting with experimental data from GFAP-immunostained reactive astrocytes, we defined five types of astrocytes based on morphometrical cues and registered the position of each reactive astrocyte cell type in the hemisphere ipsilateral to the injured site after 3 and 7 days post-ischemia. We developed equations for the changes in DAMP concentration (due to diffusion, binding to receptors or degradation), soluble mediators secretion, and for the evolution reactive astrogliosis. We tested four predefined models based on abovementioned previous hypothesis and modifications to it. Our results showed that DAMP diffusion alone has not justified the reactive astrogliosis propagation as previously assumed. Only two models succeeded in accurately reproducing the experimentally measured data and they highlighted the role of microglia and the glial secretion of soluble mediators to sustain the reactive signal and activating neighboring astrocytes. Thus, our in silico analysis proposes that glial cells behave as repeater stations of the injury signal in order to propagate reactive astrogliosis.
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Hsu SS, Jan CR, Liang WZ. Uncovering malathion (an organophosphate insecticide) action on Ca 2+ signal transduction and investigating the effects of BAPTA-AM (a cell-permeant Ca 2+ chelator) on protective responses in glial cells. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 157:152-160. [PMID: 31153463 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Malathion, one of commonly used organophosphate insecticides, has a wide range of toxic actions in different models. However, the effect of this compound on Ca2+ homeostasis and its related cytotoxicity in glial cells is elusive. This study examined whether malathion evoked intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) rises and established the relationship between Ca2+ signaling and cytotoxicity in normal human astrocytes, rat astrocytes and human glioblastoma cells. The data show that malathion induced concentration-dependent [Ca2+]i rises in Gibco® Human Astrocytes (GHA cells), but not in DI TNC1 normal rat astrocytes and DBTRG-05MG human glioblastoma cells. In GHA cells, this Ca2+ signal response was reduced by removing extracellular Ca2+. In Ca2+-free medium, pretreatment with the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin abolished malathion-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Conversely, incubation with malathion abolished thapsigargin-induced [Ca2+]i rises. Inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) with U73122 also blocked malathion-induced [Ca2+]i rises. In Ca2+-containing medium, malathion-induced [Ca2+]i rises was inhibited by store-operated Ca2+ channel blockers (2-APB, econazole or SKF96365) and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X. Malathion (5-25 μM) concentration-dependently caused cytotoxicity in GHA, DI TNC1 and DBTRG-05MG cells. This cytotoxic effect was partially prevented by prechelating cytosolic Ca2+ with BAPTA-AM (a selective Ca2+ chelator) only in GHA cells. Together, in GHA but not in DI TNC1 and DBTRG-05MG cells, malathion induced [Ca2+]i rises by inducing PLC-dependent Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum and Ca2+ entry via PKC-sensitive store-operated Ca2+ channels. Furthermore, malathion induced Ca2+-associated cytotoxicity, suggesting that Ca2+ chelating may have a protective effect on malathion-induced cytotoxicity in normal human astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Shong Hsu
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung 91202, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ren Jan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Zhe Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan.
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Mohammadzadeh L, Abnous K, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Crocin-protected malathion-induced spatial memory deficits by inhibiting TAU protein hyperphosphorylation and antiapoptotic effects. Nutr Neurosci 2019; 23:221-236. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2018.1492772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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7
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Wang W, Yang LL, Luo SM, Ma JY, Zhao Y, Shen W, Yin S. Toxic effects and possible mechanisms following malathion exposure in porcine granulosa cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 64:172-180. [PMID: 30445373 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Malathion is a wide spectrum organophosphorothionate insecticide that is frequently found in drinking water, food and foodstuffs. Ovarian granulosa cells modulate oogenesis by providing metabolic nutrients to oocytes. They can decide the fate of folliculogenesis and oocyte maturation by supplying regulatory cues that help in reproduction. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of malathion as a reproductive toxicant in porcine granulosa cells. In the present study, we found that malathion has obvious toxic effects on cultured porcine granulosa cells in a dose-dependent manner. Malathion exposure resulted in significantly increased oxidative stress levels and DNA damage response, which was measured by the mRNA expression levels of homologous recombination (HR) pathway and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway-related genes. Subsequently, it was found that malathion exposure could induce apoptosis and autophagy by qRT-PCR and fluorescence intensity analysis. In conclusion, malathion is a reproductive toxicant by inhibiting granulosa cell proliferation by multiple pathways connected to oxidative stress, DNA damage, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lei-Lei Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shi-Ming Luo
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Jun-Yu Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Wei Shen
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Shen Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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8
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Selmi S, Rtibi K, Grami D, Sebai H, Marzouki L. Malathion, an organophosphate insecticide, provokes metabolic, histopathologic and molecular disorders in liver and kidney in prepubertal male mice. Toxicol Rep 2018; 5:189-195. [PMID: 29854588 PMCID: PMC5977160 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2017.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to determine the effects of malathion exposure on oxidative stress, functional and metabolic parameters in kidney and liver of prepubertal male mice. For this reason, two separated groups of prepubertal male mice were used in this experiment. Animals were divided into two groups, group 1 served as a control and received the corn oil and group 2 was treated with 200 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of malathion for 30 days. In result, we found that the malathion administration led to the perturbation of biochemical markers and histopathological as well as molecular damages. These changes were accompanied by an oxidative alternation which was evaluated by lipoperoxidation process and MDA production, a diminution of sulfhydril groups (-SH) content and an antioxidant enzyme activities depletion such as total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its isoforms, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in both kidney and liver tissues. These changes were related with many histopathological lesions in the liver and kidney tissues. More importantly, this insecticide clearly caused a decline in the GPx-4 expression in liver as well as GPx-3 in kidney. These data suggest that prepubertal male mice exposure to malathion showed a marked deregulation of liver and kidney functions.
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9
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Long-term and low-dose malathion exposure causes cognitive impairment in adult mice: evidence of hippocampal mitochondrial dysfunction, astrogliosis and apoptotic events. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90:647-60. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-015-1466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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10
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Selmi S, Tounsi H, Safra I, Abdellaoui A, Ridha Rjeibi M, El-Fazaa S, Gharbi N. Histopathological, biochemical and molecular changes of reproductive function after malathion exposure of prepubertal male mice. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra16516k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed in the present work to evaluate the implication of oxidative stress in the toxicological effects of subchronic malathion exposure on reproductive function in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slimen Selmi
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Haifa Tounsi
- Laboratoire d'anatomie pathologique humaine et expérimentale
- Institut Pasteur de Tunis
- Tunis 1002
- Tunisia
| | - Ines Safra
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Afifa Abdellaoui
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Ridha Rjeibi
- Laboratoire de parasitologie
- Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire
- 2020 Sidi Thabet
- Tunisia
| | - Saloua El-Fazaa
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tunis
- Tunisia
| | - Najoua Gharbi
- Laboratory of Aggression Physiology and Endocrine Metabolic Studies
- Department of Biology
- Faculty of Sciences
- Tunis
- Tunisia
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Li J, Gu J, Wang B, Xie M, Huang L, Liu Y, Zhang L, Xue J, Guo F, Zhang L, Zhang L. Activation of Dopamine D1 Receptors Regulates Dendritic Morphogenesis Through Rac1 and RhoA in Prefrontal Cortex Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 51:1024-37. [PMID: 24915967 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine (DA) is an important regulator of neuronal plasticity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and plays a critical role in addiction-related neuroadaptation. The Rho GTPases, including Rac1, RhoA and Cdc42, are key regulators of actin cytoskeleton rearrangement that play important roles in dendritic morphogenesis. The goal of the current study was to use cultures of primary PFC neurons to gain a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying DA-induced dendritic morphogenesis, a phenomenon that mimics the increase in DA synaptic transmission observed in the PFC of in vivo cocaine administration. We investigated the effects of repeated DA treatments on dendritic morphology changes in PFC neurons, and identified Rac1 and RhoA as downstream effectors of D1 receptors during the regulation of dendritic morphogenesis. Importantly, we found that D1 receptor-regulated Rac1 and RhoA have distinct roles in the regulation of dendritic morphogenesis after repeated DA treatments. Our data provide the first evidence that Rac1 and RhoA are effectors of D1 receptor signaling during dendritic morphogenesis and represent new signaling molecules involved in long-lasting neuroadaptation in the PFC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Proteomics of Guangdong Province, Department of Pathophysiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
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12
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Villalba RM, Smith Y. Differential striatal spine pathology in Parkinson's disease and cocaine addiction: a key role of dopamine? Neuroscience 2013; 251:2-20. [PMID: 23867772 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
In the striatum, the dendritic tree of the two main populations of projection neurons, called "medium spiny neurons (MSNs)", are covered with spines that receive glutamatergic inputs from the cerebral cortex and thalamus. In Parkinson's disease (PD), striatal MSNs undergo an important loss of dendritic spines, whereas aberrant overgrowth of striatal spines occurs following chronic cocaine exposure. This review examines the possibility that opposite dopamine dysregulation is one of the key factors that underlies these structural changes. In PD, nigrostriatal dopamine degeneration results in a significant loss of dendritic spines in the dorsal striatum, while rodents chronically exposed to cocaine and other psychostimulants, display an increase in the density of "thin and immature" spines in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In rodent models of PD, there is evidence that D2 dopamine receptor-containing MSNs are preferentially affected, while D1-positive cells are the main targets of increased spine density in models of addiction. However, such specificity remains to be established in primates. Although the link between the extent of striatal spine changes and the behavioral deficits associated with these disorders remains controversial, there is unequivocal evidence that glutamatergic synaptic transmission is significantly altered in both diseased conditions. Recent studies have suggested that opposite calcium-mediated regulation of the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) function induces these structural defects. In conclusion, there is strong evidence that dopamine is a major, but not the sole, regulator of striatal spine pathology in PD and addiction to psychostimulants. Further studies of the role of glutamate and other genes associated with spine plasticity in mediating these effects are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Villalba
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; UDALL Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University, 954, Gatewood Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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N’Go PK, Azzaoui FZ, Soro PR, Samih M, Ahami AOT, Najimi M, Chigr F. Developmental Effects of Malathion Exposure on Recognition Memory and Spatial Learning in Males Wistar Rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/jbbs.2013.33033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Orlowski D, Elfving B, Müller HK, Wegener G, Bjarkam CR. Wistar rats subjected to chronic restraint stress display increased hippocampal spine density paralleled by increased expression levels of synaptic scaffolding proteins. Stress 2012; 15:514-23. [PMID: 22128856 DOI: 10.3109/10253890.2011.643516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate whether the previously reported effect of chronic restraint stress (CRS) on hippocampal neuron morphology and spine density is paralleled by a similar change in the expression levels of synaptic scaffolding proteins. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected either to CRS (6 h/day) for 21 days or to control conditions. The resulting brains were divided and one hemisphere was impregnated with Golgi-Cox before coronal sectioning and autometallographic development. Neurons from CA1, CA3b, CA3c, and dentate gyrus (DG) area were reconstructed and subjected to Sholl analysis and spine density estimation. The contralateral hippocampus was used for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein analysis of genes associated with spine density and morphology (the synaptic scaffolding proteins: Spinophilin, Homer1-3, and Shank1-3). In the CA3c area, CRS decreased the number of apical dendrites and their total length, whereas CA1 and DG spine density were significantly increased. Analysis of the contralateral hippocampal homogenate displayed an increased gene expression of Spinophilin, Homer1, Shank1, and Shank2 and increased protein expression of Spinophilin and Homer1 in the CRS animals. In conclusion, CRS influences hippocampal neuroplasticity by modulation of dendrite branching pattern and spine density paralleled by increased expression levels of synaptic scaffolding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Orlowski
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark.
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15
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Fernandez F, Soon I, Li Z, Kuan TC, Min DH, Wong ESM, Demidov ON, Paterson MC, Dawe G, Bulavin DV, Xiao ZC. Wip1 phosphatase positively modulates dendritic spine morphology and memory processes through the p38MAPK signaling pathway. Cell Adh Migr 2012; 6:333-43. [PMID: 22983193 DOI: 10.4161/cam.20892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic spine morphology is modulated by protein kinase p38, a mitogen-activated protein (MAPK), in the hippocampus. Protein p38MAPK is a substrate of wip1, a protein phosphatase. The role of wip1 in the central nervous system (CNS) has never been explored. Here, we report a novel function of wip1 in dendritic spine morphology and memory processes. Wip1 deficiency decreases dendritic spine size and density in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampal CA1 region. Simultaneously, impairments in object recognition tasks and contextual memory occur in wip1 deficient mice, but are reversed in wip1/p38 double mutant mice. Thus, our findings demonstrate that wip1 modulates dendritic morphology and memory processes through the p38MAPK signaling pathway. In addition to the well-characterized role of the wip1/p38MAPK in cell death and differentiation, we revealed the novel contribution of wip1 to cognition and dendritic spine morphology, which may suggest new approaches to treating neurodegenerative disorders.
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16
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Lim KL, Tay A, Nadarajah VD, Mitra NK. The effect of consequent exposure of stress and dermal application of low doses of chlorpyrifos on the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in the hippocampus of adult mice. J Occup Med Toxicol 2011; 6:4. [PMID: 21385392 PMCID: PMC3061961 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-6-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chlorpyrifos (CPF), a commonly used pesticide worldwide, has been reported to produce neurobehavioural changes. Dermal exposure to CPF is common in industries and agriculture. This study estimates changes in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in hippocampal regions and correlates with histomorphometry of neurons and serum cholinesterase levels following dermal exposure to low doses of CPF with or without swim stress. METHODS Male albino mice were separated into control, stress control and four treatment groups (n = 6). CPF was applied dermally over the tails under occlusive bandage (6 hours/day) at doses of 1/10th (CPF 0.1) and 1/5th dermal LD50 (CPF 0.2) for seven days. Consequent treatment of swim stress followed by CPF was also applied. Serum cholinesterase levels were estimated using spectroflurometric methods. Paraffin sections of the left hippocampal regions were stained with 0.2% thionin followed by the counting of neuronal density. Right hippocampal sections were treated with Dako Envision GFAP antibodies. RESULTS CPF application in 1/10th LD50 did not produce significant changes in serum cholinesterase levels and neuronal density, but increased GFAP expression significantly (p < 0.001). Swim stress with CPF 0.1 group did not show increase in astrocytic density compared to CPF 0.1 alone but decreased neuronal density. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest GFAP expression is upregulated with dermal exposure to low dose of CPF. Stress combined with sub-toxic dermal CPF exposure can produce neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian Loong Lim
- Postgraduate & Research Department, International Medical University, No.126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Annie Tay
- Pathology Department, International Medical University, No.126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Vishna Devi Nadarajah
- Human Biology Department, International Medical University, No.126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nilesh Kumar Mitra
- Human Biology Department, International Medical University, No.126, Jalan 19/155B, Bukit Jalil, 57000,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Takamatsu Y, Ishida A, Hamakawa M, Tamakoshi K, Jung CG, Ishida K. Treadmill running improves motor function and alters dendritic morphology in the striatum after collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Brain Res 2010; 1355:165-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2010] [Revised: 07/17/2010] [Accepted: 07/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Aviles-Reyes RX, Angelo MF, Villarreal A, Rios H, Lazarowski A, Ramos AJ. Intermittent hypoxia during sleep induces reactive gliosis and limited neuronal death in rats: implications for sleep apnea. J Neurochem 2010; 112:854-69. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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